challengeri, Notacanthus Vaillant [L. L.] 1888:388 [Expéditions scientifiques du "Travailleur" et du "Talisman"; ref. 4496] South of Tokyo, 34°37'N, 140°32'E. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1887.12.7.247. •Synonym of Polyacanthonotus africana (Gilchrist & von Bonde 1924) -- (McDowell 1973:173 [ref. 24539]). •Valid as Polyacanthonotus challengeri (Vaillant 1888) -- (Yabe in Amaoka et al. 1983:73, 177 [ref. 8379], Uyeno in Masuda et al. 1984:32 [ref. 6441], Crabtree et al. 1985:235 [ref. 9483], Sulak in Whitehead et al. 1986:601 [ref. 13676], Lea & Rosenblatt 1987:51 [ref. 23112], Matarese et al. 1989:34 [ref. 26885], Paulin et al. 1989:66 [ref. 24556], McAllister 1990:45 [ref. 14674], Gon 1990:100 [ref. 21680], Shinohara et al. 1996:154 [ref. 26605], Smith 1999:1628 [ref. 24661], Nakabo 2000:191 [ref. 25086], Sheiko & Fedorov 2000:16 [ref. 25650], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:118 [ref. 25968], Shinohara et al. 2001:292 [ref. 25995], Nakabo 2002:191 [ref. 26001], Smith 2003:689 [ref. 26989], Moore et al. 2003:172 [ref. 27076], Love et al. 2005:16 [ref. 37547], Maslenikov et al. 2013:2 [ref. 37947], Parin et al. 2014:47 [ref. 33547], Stewart & Struthers 2015:216 [ref. 34231], Smith 2016:1603 [ref. 34556], Carneiro et al. 2019:57 [ref. 37250], Dyldin & Orlov 2021:61 [ref. 38158], Love et al. 2021:32 [ref. 39279], Fermon et al. 2022:112 [ref. 39448], Page et al. 2023:50 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Polyacanthonotus challengeri (Vaillant 1888). Notacanthidae. Distribution: Circumglobal, mostly antitropical. Habitat: marine.