pentamaculata, Rineloricaria Langeani [F.] & de Araujo [R. B.] 1994:153, Figs. 2, 2A [Communicações do Museu de Ciências da PUCRS No. 7; ref. 22095] Rio Turvo, Ourinhos, Upper Paraná River drainage, São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 43051. Paratypes: MZUSP 35325 (3), 35469 (4), 38892 (2), 43052-53 (1, 2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:295 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Rineloricaria pentamaculata Langeani & de Araujo 1994 -- (Burgess & Finley 1996:170 [ref. 22901], Isbrücker 2001:32 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:29 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:343 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:295 [ref. 29155], Ghazzi 2008:102 [ref. 29636], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2020:5 [ref. 39606], Reis et al. 2020:468 [ref. 38364], Costa-Silva et al. 2021:538 [ref. 38838], Brandão et al. 2022:177 [ref. 40464]). Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria pentamaculata Langeani & de Araujo 1994. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: South America: Turvo River basin (São Paulo State, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.