spinosissimus, Hemiancistrus Cardoso [A. R.] & Lucinda [P. H. F.] 2003:79, Fig. 4 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 14 (no. 1); ref. 26858] Rio Maranhão, near mouth of the rio Tocantinzinho, border of Niquelândia and Campinaçu, 13°5'25"S, 48°19'08"W, Goiás State, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 26239. Paratypes: MCP 26392 (1); MNRJ 12973 (1); UNT 37-39 (1, 1, 1), 492 (1), 878 (1), 893 (1), 1328-1331 (4), 1631 (1), 4211 (1), 4549-50 (1, 1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:244 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Hemiancistrus spinosissimus Cardoso & Lucinda 2003 -- (Ferraris 2007:244 [ref. 29155]). •Valid as Ancistomus spinosissimus (Cardoso & Lucinda 2003) -- (Armbruster et al. 2015:100 [ref. 33670]). Current status: Valid as Ancistomus spinosissimus (Cardoso & Lucinda 2003). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Middle and upper Tocantins River and its tributaries, lower Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.