heterolepis, Xiphorhamphus Cope [E. D.] 1878:687 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17 (no. 101); ref. 945] Peruvian Amazon. Lectotype: ANSP 21246. Paralectotypes: ANSP 21247-48 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:48 [ref. 13621] as holotype and paratypes. Lectotype established by Fowler 1907:462, Fig. 50. •Valid as Acestrorhynchus heterolepis (Cope 1878) -- (Menezes & Gery 1983:589 [ref. 8307], Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:232 [ref. 27061], López-Fernández & Winemiller 2003:203 [ref. 27386], Toledo-Piza 2007:755 [ref. 29426], Barriga Salazar 2014:109 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:45 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Koerber et al. 2022:30 [ref. 39235]). Current status: Valid as Acestrorhynchus heterolepis (Cope 1878). Acestrorhynchidae: Acestrorhynchinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.