caaguazuensis, Gymnogeophagus Staeck [W.] 2006:100, Figs. 1-3, 5 [Zoologische Abhandlungen, Staatliche Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden, Museum für Tierkunde. v. 56; ref. 29421] Upper río Tebicuary-mi, about 25°28'S, 56°10'W, tributary to río Tebicuary, at route no. 7, about 25 kilometers east of Cnel, Oviedo, Caaguazú Province, Paraguay. Holotype: MTD F 30367. Paratypes: MTD F 30384-93 (10). Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Gymnogeophagus caaguazuensis Staeck 2006 -- (González-Bergonzoni et al. 2009:21 [ref. 30455] as caguazuensis, Malabarba et al. 2015:660 [ref. 34105], Koerber et al. 2017:80 [ref. 35267], Alonso et al. 2019:S1 [ref. 36529]). Current status: Valid as Gymnogeophagus caaguazuensis Staeck 2006. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Lower Paraguay River basin, Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.