heirmostigmata, Characidium da Graça [W. J.] & Pavanelli [C. S.] 2008:53, Figs. 1-2 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 29583] Rio Barra Grande, tributary to left margin of rio Ivaí, approximately 24°40'S, 51°15'W, upper rio Paraná basin, Município de Prudentópolis, Paraná, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 97738. Paratypes: MZUSP 97739 (1), 97740 (5); MCP 41935 (3); MNRJ 31594 (8); NUP 1381 (8), 1393 (3), 1411 (4), 5333 (2, c&s), 5334 (1 c&s). Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Characidium heirmostigmata da Graça & Pavanelli 2008 -- (Peixoto & Wosiacki 2013:56 [ref. 32558], Zanata & Camelier 2014:340 [ref. 33380], Casciotta et al. 2015:1 [ref. 33697], Zanata & Ohara 2015:375 [ref. 33970], Zanata & Camelier 2015:497 [ref. 33983], Zanata et al. 2015:381 [ref. 34023], Mirande & Koerber 2015:27 [ref. 35117], Zanata et al. 2018:84 [ref. 36279], Reis et al. 2020:461 [ref. 38364], Stabile et al. 2024:10 [ref. 41591]). Current status: Valid as Characidium heirmostigmata da Graça & Pavanelli 2008. Crenuchidae: Characidiinae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraná River basin, Paraná State (Brazil and Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.