harpagos, Phalloceros Lucinda [P. H. F.] 2008:134, Figs. 27-29 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 6 (no. 2); ref. 29669] Rio São Francisco, tributary to rio Paquequer Fazenda São Francisco de Paula, ca. 21°59'S, 42°54'W, Sapucaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 23610. Paratypes: MCP 20569 (165, 10 c&s), 30508 (6, 4 c&s); MNRJ 14745 (59). Plus non-type specimens. Species epithet is a noun in apposition. •Synonym of Phalloceros reticulatus (Köhler 1906) -- (Schaefer 2021:31 [ref. 39922]). •Valid as Phalloceros harpagos Lucinda 2008 -- (Di Dario et al. 2013:263 [ref. 37503], Catelani et al. 2014:932 [ref. 37496], Meyer 2015:183 [ref. 34698], Koerber et al. 2017:8 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:73 [ref. 35267], Koerber et al. 2017:9 [ref. 35632], Souto-Santos et al. 2019:182 [ref. 36560], Koerber et al. 2019:10 [ref. 36736], Huber 2019:88 [ref. 36941], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2020:6 [ref. 39606], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Reis et al. 2020:474 [ref. 38364], Brandão et al. 2022:215 [ref. 40464], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:54 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Phalloceros harpagos Lucinda 2008. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Distribution: South America: Paraná-Paraguay river basin and coastal drainages from Itaboapana River to Araranguá River (Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina). Habitat: freshwater, brackish.