xanthopterum, Characidium Silveira [L. G. G.], Langeani [F.], da Graça [W. J.], Pavanelli [C. S.] & Buckup [P. A.] 2008:170, Figs. 1-2 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 6 (no. 2); ref. 29706] Mun. Caldas Novas, riacho outside of Parque Estadual de Caldas Novas, 17°46'09"S, 48°39'19"W, Goiás, Brazil. Holotype: DZSJRP 10474. Paratypes: many at DZSJRP, MNRJ, NUP. Plus additional non-type specimens. Type catalog: Andrade et al. 2017:437 [ref. 35588], Oliveira et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Characidium xanthopterum Silveira, Langeani, da Graça, Pavanelli & Buckup 2008 -- (Leitão & Buckup 2014:15 [ref. 33323], Melo & Oyakawa 2015:288 [ref. 33788], Zanata & Ohara 2015:375 [ref. 33970], Teixeira & Melo 2020:10 [ref. 37999], Melo et al. 2021:16 [ref. 38401]). Current status: Valid as Characidium xanthopterum Silveira, Langeani, da Graça, Pavanelli & Buckup 2008. Crenuchidae: Characidiinae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraná River basin (types) and upper Tocantins River basin (Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.