uarnak, Raja Gmelin [J. F.] (ex Fabricius, Forsskål) 1789:1509 [Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18139] [No locality stated] Red Sea. No types known. Types given by Klausewitz 1960:294 [ref. 21330] are specimens used by Rüppell 1837 and are not types of uarnak Gmelin. Based on Raja sephen var. b of Fabricius [ex Forsskål, in Niebuhr] 1775:18, viii [ref. 1351]. Sometimes misspelled uarnack. Nomen protectum according to Fricke 2008:12 [ref. 30182]. Lectotype (SMF ) designated by Klausewitz 1960:294 [ref. 21330], based on Rüppell specimen; lectotype invalid as specimen was collected in 1828, after Gmelin's description. Neotype (CAS 247241) designated by Borsa et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37984], but specimen too small to sufficiently characterize the species, therefore neotype invalid; ref. 37984 is also lacking fixed content and layout, and neotype designation therefore unavailable according to ICZN 8.1.3.2. •Valid as Dasyatis uarnak (Gmelin 1789) [author usually given as Forsskål 1775] -- (Dor 1984:18 [ref. 29757], Compagno & Roberts 1984:4 [ref. 6167], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:77 [ref. 2969]). •Valid as Himantura uarnak (Gmelin 1789) -- (Krefft & Stehmann 1973:72 [ref. 7167], Nakaya in Masuda et al. 1984:16 [ref. 6441], McEachran & Capapé in Whitehead et al. 1984:201 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1986:139 [ref. 5648], Allen & Swainston 1988:28 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:42 [ref. 12442], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:46 [ref. 20764], Last & Stevens 1994:406 [ref. 23873], Goren & Dor 1994:5 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:46 [ref. 22896], Chen et al. 1997:9 [ref. 26476], Larson & Williams 1997:346 [ref. 23967], Basusta et al. 1998:65 [ref. 23545], Golani 1998:97 [ref. 27567], Yoshigou & Yoshino 1999:39 [ref. 23925], Myers 1999:39 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:32 [ref. 24106], Morón et al. 1999:151 [ref. 24253], Last & Compagno 1999:1491 [ref. 24639], Vossoughi & Vosoughi 1999:302 [ref. 25467], Johnson 1999:718 [ref. 25471], Compagno 1999:496 [ref. 25589], Nakabo 2000:178 [ref. 25086], Compagno in Randall & Lim 2000:583 [ref. 25122], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:96 [ref. 26368], Deynat & Fermon 2001:161 [ref. 25563], Hutchins 2001:15 [ref. 25847], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:26 [ref. 26753], Nakabo 2002:178 [ref. 26001], Sujatha 2002:157 [ref. 26899], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S94 [ref. 27377], Bonfil & Abdallah 2004:49 [ref. 27735], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:83 [ref. 28072], Compagno et al. 2005:73 [ref. 29145], Golani 2005:14 [ref. 37112], Paxton et al. 2006:194 [ref. 28995], Fricke et al. 2007:20 [ref. 29533], Manjaji-Matsumoto & Last 2008:293 [ref. 29695], Last et al. 2008:303 [ref. 29696], Fricke 2008:12 [ref. 30182], Schwartz 2008:38 [ref. 36773], Last et al. 2010:214 [ref. 32461] with author as Forsskål, Allen & Erdmann 2012:64 [ref. 31980], Naylor et al. 2012:70 [ref. 32267] see remarks, Borsa et al. 2013:87 [ref. 32736], Larson et al. 2013:19 [ref. 32988] with author as Forsskål, Kottelat 2013:27 [ref. 32989], Ebert et al. 2013:362 [ref. 33045], Psomadakis et al. 2015:102 [ref. 34104], Weigmann 2016:138 [ref. 34211], Miesen et al. 2016:80 [ref. 34492], Last et al. 2016:361 [ref. 34581], Last et al. 2016:387 [ref. 34638], Last et al. 2016:563 [ref. 35010], Motomura et al. 2017:25 [ref. 35490], Ali et al. 2018:304 [ref. 36183], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[20] 258 [ref. 36492], Fricke et al. 2018:26 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:15 [ref. 36273] with author as Forsskål, Kumar et al. 2018:297 [ref. 36178], Suresh et al. 2018:49 [ref. 36495], Almeida & Biscoito 2019:173 [ref. 37302], Eagderi et al. 2019:9 [ref. 37020], Zajonz et al. 2019:60 [ref. 36871], Bariche & Fricke 2020:116 [ref. 37515], Golzarianpour et al. 2020:330 [ref. 37674], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 3 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:206 [ref. 37272], Serena et al. 2020:502 [ref. 37963], Bogorodsky et al. 2021:520 [ref. 38242], Ebert et al. 2021:92 [ref. 38234], Golani 2021:11 [ref. 38303] with author as Forsskål 1775, Haroon & Kibria 2021:109 [ref. 39241] with author as Forsskål, Kovačić et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39014], Barone et al. 2022:58 [ref. 39527], Hsu et al. 2022:3 [ref. 39567], Manjaji-Matsumoto et al. 2022:604 [ref. 39674], Zajonz et al. 2022:25 [ref. 40522] with author as Forsskål 1775, Allen & Erdmann 2024:66 [ref. 40796]). Nomen Protectum. Current status: Valid as Himantura uarnak (Gmelin 1789). Dasyatidae: Urogymninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Philippines; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.