simoterus, Breviraja (Arctoraja) Ishiyama [R.] 1967:62, Fig. [Biogeographical Society of Japan (Tokyo); ref. 7967] Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan. Holotype: FAKU 40136. •Synonym of Bathyraja parmifera (Bean 1881) -- (Mecklenburg et al. 2002:98 [ref. 25968] on pers. comm.). •Valid as Bathyraja simoterus (Ishiyama 1967) -- (Nakaya in Masuda et al. 1984:14 [ref. 6441], Stehmann 1986:263 [ref. 6151], McEachran & Dunn 1998:286 [ref. 23312], Compagno 1999:488 [ref. 25589], Nakabo 2000:170 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:170 [ref. 26001], Spies et al. 2011:58 [ref. 31143], Orr et al. 2011:45 [ref. 31854], Weigmann 2016:96 [ref. 34211] see remarks, Last et al. 2016:27 [ref. 34941] with remarks, Last et al. 2016:416 [ref. 35005], Misawa et al. 2020:531 [ref. 37853]). •Valid as Arctoraja simoterus (Ishiyama 1967) -- (Dyldin 2015:60 [ref. 34524], Dyldin & Orlov 2018:168 [ref. 35920], Dyldin & Orlov 2021:57 [ref. 38158]). Current status: Valid as Arctoraja simoterus (Ishiyama 1967). Arhynchobatidae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: Japan, northern Kuril Islands and Sakhalin (Russia). Habitat: marine.