spinosa, Breviraja Bigelow [H. B.] & Schroeder [W. C.] 1950:400, Pl. 6 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 103 (no. 7); ref. 302] 30°58'N, 79°34'W, Atlantis station 3781, depth 250-290 fathoms. Holotype: MCZ 36373. Paratypes or additional material: USNM (2). •Valid as Breviraja spinosa Bigelow & Schroeder 1950 -- (McEachran & Compagno 1982:413 [ref. 2952], Uyeno & Miyake in Uyeno et al. 1983:73 [ref. 14275], McEachran & Matheson 1985:1035 [ref. 8137], Castro-Aguirre & Espinosa Pérez 1996:31 [ref. 22793], McEachran & Dunn 1998:286 [ref. 23312], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:149 [ref. 23897], Compagno 1999:490 [ref. 25589], McEachran & Carvalho 2003:548 [ref. 26985], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:112 [ref. 34398], Weigmann 2016:106 [ref. 34211], Last et al. 2016:18 [ref. 34941], Last et al. 2016:228 [ref. 35000], Ehemann et al. 2018:25 [ref. 36194], Jones et al. 2020:306 [ref. 37610], Blanco-Parra & Niño-Torres 2022:Correction, p. 4 [ref. 38986], Page et al. 2023:44 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:89 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Breviraja spinosa Bigelow & Schroeder 1950. Rajidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: South Carolina to Florida (U.S.A.), including Gulf of Mexico, and northwestern Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.