atra, Raja Müller [J.] & Henle [F. G. J.] 1841:134, [Pl. 46] [Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen; ref. 3069] Sicilien [Sicily, Italy]. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-1588 (1), ZMB 4603 [not 4063] (1). Type catalog: Bertin 1939:83 [ref. 20739], Séret & McEachran 1987:14 [ref. 9312], Paepke & Schmidt 1988:173 [ref. 21041]. Stehmann 1982:29 [ref. 21485] reidentified MNHN as a different species (a subjective decision) and said the ZMB specimen was therefore the holotype; that is contrary to the code; once a type of a species always a type of that species, so there are 2 syntypes; Stehmann did not select a lectotype, but that would have been appropriate. •Valid as Raja atra Müller & Henle 1841 -- (Stehmann 1973:67 [ref. 7168], Capapé & Desoutter 1979:72 [ref. 20630]). •Synonym of Raja radula Delaroche 1809 -- (Stehmann 1982:29 [ref. 21485], Stehmann & Bürkel in Whitehead et al. 1984:190 [ref. 13675] [largest type]). •Synonym of Raja undulata Lacepède 1802 -- (Stehmann & Bürkel in Whitehead et al. 1984:196 [ref. 13675] [smallest type]). Current status: Synonym of Raja undulata Lacepède 1802. Rajidae. Habitat: marine.