xiru, Astyanax Lucena [C. A. S. de], Castro [J. B.] & Bertaco [V. A.] 2013:544, Figs. 7-8 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 11 (no. 3); ref. 32914] Rio Grande do Sul, Sapiranga, rio Feitoria, rio Caí drainage, 29°38’10"S, 51°00’28"W, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 19986. Paratypes: many at MCN, MCP, UFRGS. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Astyanax xiru Lucena, Castro & Bertaco 2013 -- (Bertaco et al. 2016:412 [ref. 34561], Koerber et al. 2017:4 [ref. 35083], Casciotta et al. 2016:1 [ref. 35095], da Graça et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35556], Lucena et al. 2017:6 [ref. 35607], Koerber et al. 2017:4 [ref. 35632], Koerber et al. 2019:4 [ref. 36736]). •Valid as Psalidodon xiru (Lucena, Castro & Bertaco 2013) -- (Terán et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37440], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Loureiro et al. 2023:75 [ref. 40506] as cf. xiru). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon xiru (Lucena, Castro & Bertaco 2013). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Rio Jacuí drainage, laguna dos Patos system, and from upper and middle rio Uruguay drainage, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina states (Brazil and Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.