pastinaca, Raja Linnaeus [C.] 1758:232 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Mediterranean Sea and Northeastern Atlantic [original: "in Europa"]; localities include Belgium, North Sea, Northeastern Atlantic; Provence and Marseille, France; Liguria, Rome and Sicily, Italy; Lesbos, Greece; Syria, Mediterranean Sea. Syntypes: NRM 9098 (1). Lectotype or neotype fixation needed. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:18 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. Originally based on multiple species and at least 25 pre-Linnaean sources including Artedi 1738:71 [ref. 30578] and Artedi 1738:100 [ref. 30349] as Raja corpore glabro, aculeo longo anterius serrato in cauda apterygia; Rondeletius 1554:331 [ref. 30354] and Salviani 1558:144 [ref. 30229] as Pastinaca, Willughby 1686:67 [ref. 30164] as Pastinaca marina prima, Ray 1713:24 [ref. 30231] as Pastinaca marina lævis. See also Cowley & Compagno 1993:135 [ref. 21968]. A neotype (unnamed) for D. pastinaca is proposed by Saadaoui et al. 2016:110 [ref. 34799] but it is unneeded as there is a syntype if identified correctly. •Valid as Trygon pastinaca (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Herrera 1896:15 [ref. 39336]). •Valid as Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Krefft & Stehmann 1973:70 [ref. 7167], Capapé 1977:76 [ref. 20631], Compagno & Roberts 1984:285 [ref. 8237], McEachran & Capapé in Whitehead et al. 1984:199 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1986:137 [ref. 5648], Capapé 1987:22 [ref. 39326], Capapé & Desoutter 1990:61 [ref. 19317], Nishida 1990:92 [ref. 19783], Séret in Lévêque et al. 1990:67 [ref. 21589], Goren & Dor 1994:5 [ref. 25356], Santos et al. 1997:15 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:23 [ref. 24952], Fricke 1999:31 [ref. 24106], Capapé et al. 1999:47 [ref. 25276], Compagno 1999:496 [ref. 25589], Fricke 1999:18 [ref. 24101], Menni & Stehmann 2000:91 [ref. 24909], Rosenberger 2001:615 [ref. 25447], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:25 [ref. 26753], López et al. 2002:62 [ref. 26808], Falcón et al. 2003:144 [ref. 39343], Santos & Carvalho 2004:17 [ref. 28040], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:82 [ref. 28072], Golani 2005:14 [ref. 37112], Fricke 2007:26 [ref. 30577], Fricke et al. 2007:20 [ref. 29533], Fricke 2008:12 [ref. 30182], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:163 [ref. 31251], George 2009:56 [ref. 30539], Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:57 [ref. 35264], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:15 [ref. 36649], Wirtz et al. 2013:116 [ref. 32972], Parin et al. 2014:39 [ref. 33547], Dyldin 2015:74 [ref. 34524], Weigmann 2016:133 [ref. 34211], Séret 2016:1413 [ref. 34545], Last et al. 2016:355 [ref. 34581], Saadaoui et al. 2016:101 [ref. 34799], Last et al. 2016:540 [ref. 35010], Nión et al. 2016:23 [ref. 35565], Biscoito et al. 2018:481 [ref. 37562], Almeida & Biscoito 2019:170 [ref. 37302], Carneiro et al. 2019:49 [ref. 37250], Bariche & Fricke 2020:21 [ref. 37515], Kovačić et al. 2020:8 [ref. 37519], Serena et al. 2020:502 [ref. 37963], Abliazov et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38576], Giovos et al. 2021:7 [ref. 38895], Golani 2021:11 [ref. 38303], Moreno Mendoza et al. 2021:[4] [ref. 38868], Kovačić et al. 2021:16 [ref. 39014], Bañón & Mano 2022:16 [ref. 40121], Barone et al. 2022:57 [ref. 39527], Dyldin et al. 2022:[8] [ref. 39193], Fermon et al. 2022:107 [ref. 39448], Niță et al. 2022:125 [ref. 40471], Balàka et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40410], Shakman et al. 2023:463 [ref. 40810]). Current status: Valid as Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus 1758). Dasyatidae: Dasyatinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic; western Baltic Sea; North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Black Sea; eastern Atlantic: British Isles south to Gabon, including Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands and Cape Verde Islands. Habitat: brackish, marine.
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