mobular, Raia Bonnaterre [J. P.] 1788:5 [Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie; ref. 4940] Montredon, near Marseille, France, western Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Type catalog: Séret & McEachran 1987:34 [ref. 9312]. Based on earlier description by du Monceau. Original genus should have been spelled Raja. Misspelled mobularis by Cabrera y Corro, Pérez & Hänseler 1817:12 [ref. 17319], see Graells 1887:186 [ref. 30438]. •Synonym of Mobula japanica (Müller & Henle 1841) -- (Notarbartolo-di-Sciara & Séret 2016:1437 [ref. 34552]). •Valid as Mobula mobular (Bonnaterre 1788) -- (Krefft & Stehmann 1973:77 [ref. 7167], McEachran & Capapé in Whitehead et al. 1984:210 [ref. 13675], Capapé 1987:22 [ref. 39326], Notarbartolo-di-Sciara 1987:64 [ref. 9133], McEachran & Séret 1990:74 [ref. 19318], Santos et al. 1997:16 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:24 [ref. 24952], Compagno 1999:498 [ref. 25589], Bradaï & Capapé 2001:389 [ref. 25924], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:28 [ref. 26753], Golani 2005:15 [ref. 37112], Fricke et al. 2007:21 [ref. 29533], Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:58 [ref. 35264], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:16 [ref. 36649], Last & Yearsley 2016:8 [ref. 34940], Weigmann 2016:146 [ref. 34211], White & Last 2016:746 [ref. 35016], Başusta & Özbek 2017:164 [ref. 41397], White et al. 2017:290 [ref. 35860], Ali et al. 2018:305 [ref. 36183], Biscoito et al. 2018:483 [ref. 37562], Ehemann et al. 2018:27 [ref. 36194], Fricke et al. 2018:28 [ref. 35805], Kumar et al. 2018:298 [ref. 36178], White & Ko'ou 2018:68 [ref. 35922], White et al. 2018:62 [ref. 37171], Almeida & Biscoito 2019:177 [ref. 37302], Carneiro et al. 2019:52 [ref. 37250], Bariche & Fricke 2020:22 [ref. 37515], Calle-Morán et al. 2020:247 [ref. 37881], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 4 [ref. 38321], Jones et al. 2020:304 [ref. 37610], Kim et al. 2020:49 [ref. 39118], Kovačić et al. 2020:9 [ref. 37519], Notarbartolo-di-Sciara et al. 2020:2 [ref. 37486], Psomadakis et al. 2020:215 [ref. 37272], Serena et al. 2020:502 [ref. 37963], Arroyo Martínez 2021:70 [ref. 38962], Ebert et al. 2021:101 [ref. 38234], Giovos et al. 2021:7 [ref. 38895], Golani 2021:12 [ref. 38303], González-Acosta et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38361], Haroon & Kibria 2021:132 [ref. 39241], Kovačić et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39014], Love et al. 2021:30 [ref. 39279], Bañón & Mano 2022:17 [ref. 40121], Barone et al. 2022:63 [ref. 39527], Ehemann et al. 2022:[3] 215 [ref. 40885], Fermon et al. 2022:109 [ref. 39448], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:48 [ref. 41223], Grove et al. 2022:15 [ref. 41326], Marshall 2022:632 [ref. 39677], Balàka et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40410], Balisco et al. 2023:5 [ref. 39932], Carvalho-Filho 2023:325 [ref. 40480], Castillo Domínguez et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40663], Page et al. 2023:48 [ref. 40505], Shakman et al. 2023:464 [ref. 40810], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:84 [ref. 40816], Allen & Erdmann 2024:74 [ref. 40796], Boer et al. 2024:647 [ref. 41193], Bucair et al. 2024:7 [ref. 41220], Fricke et al. 2024:105 [ref. 41622], Gadig et al. 2024:91 [ref. 40775], Glaus et al. 2024:7 [ref. 40788], Harris 2024:[3] [ref. 41017]). Current status: Valid as Mobula mobular (Bonnaterre 1788). Mobulidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas (including Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Japan, Gulf of California/Mexico). IUCN (2018): Endangered. Habitat: marine.
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