oxyrinchus, Raja Linnaeus [C.] 1758:231 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Mediterranean Sea [original: "in M. Mediterraneo & O. Europæo"]; localities include Marseille, France; Liguria and Rome, Italy; Syria; Lesbos Island, Greece. No types known. Lectotype or neotype fixation needed. Originally based on multiple species and at least 25 pre-Linnaean sources including Artedi 1738:72 [ref. 30578] and Artedi 1738:101 [ref. 30349] as Raja varia, tuberculi decem aculeatis in medio dorsi; Rondelet 1554:348 [ref. 30354] as alia Raja, Gesner 1558:938 [ref. 30350] as Raia oxyrhynchos maior, Salviani 1558:149, Pl. 51 [ref. 30229] as Raia, Jonston 1649:Pl. 9 (fig. 8) [ref. 30579] as Raia oxyrhynchos maior, Ray 1713:26 [ref. 30231] as Raia oxyrhynchos major. Spelled oxyrinchos in Brünnich 1768:2 [ref. 17290], and oxirincus in Cabrera y Corro, Pérez & Hänseler 1817:12 [ref. 17319], see Graells 1887:186 [ref. 30438]. •Valid as Raja oxyrinchus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Stehmann 1973:63 [ref. 7168], Stehmann & Bürkel in Whitehead et al. 1984:177 [ref. 13675], Capapé 1987:22 [ref. 39326], Séret 1989:126 [ref. 12827], Stehmann 1990:33 [ref. 19316], Stehmann 1995:105 [ref. 22055], Santos et al. 1997:119 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:22 [ref. 24952], Uiblein et al. 1999:60 [ref. 24045], Golani 2005:14 [ref. 37112]). •Valid as Dipturus oxyrinchus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (McEachran & Dunn 1998:285 [ref. 23312], Compagno 1999:491 [ref. 25589] as oxyrhynchus, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:21 [ref. 26753], George 2009:56 [ref. 30539], Iglésias et al. 2010:329 [ref. 30586], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:13 [ref. 36649], Naylor et al. 2012:95 [ref. 32267] see remarks, Dyldin 2015:70 [ref. 34524], Weigmann 2016:109 [ref. 34211], McEachran & Séret 2016:1397 [ref. 34551], Last et al. 2016:22 [ref. 34941] with remarks, Last et al. 2016:269 [ref. 35000], Biscoito et al. 2018:477 [ref. 37562], Almeida & Biscoito 2019:138 [ref. 37302], Carneiro et al. 2019:43 [ref. 37250], Bariche & Fricke 2020:26 [ref. 37515], Kovačić et al. 2020:7 [ref. 37519], Serena et al. 2020:502 [ref. 37963], Giovos et al. 2021:6 [ref. 38895], Golani 2021:10 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39014], Bañón & Mano 2022:13 [ref. 40121], Barone et al. 2022:48 [ref. 39527], Balàka et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40410], Shakman et al. 2023:463 [ref. 40810], Artüz & Fricke 2024:537 [ref. 41509]). Current status: Valid as Dipturus oxyrinchus (Linnaeus 1758). Rajidae. Distribution: North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; eastern Atlantic: Norway south to Senegal, including Madeira (rare) and Canary Islands. Habitat: marine.
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