laevis, Rhinobatus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:354, Pl. 71 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Japan. Holotype (unique): ZMB 5536 (stuffed). Type catalog: Paepke & Schmidt 1988:176 [ref. 21041], Paepke 1999:123 [ref. 24282]. As Rhinobatos laevis on plate. Type regarded as neotype from Paepke & Schmidt 1988:176 [ref. 21041] by Koeda et al. 2020:233 [ref. 37788], but called paratype in Fig. 10. •Synonym of Rhynchobatus djiddensis (Forsskål 1775) -- (Dor 1984:14 [ref. 29757], Vossoughi & Vosoughi 1999:302 [ref. 25467] as djeddensis). •Valid as Rhynchobatus laevis (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Compagno & Last 1999:1422 [ref. 24637] as cf. laevis, Compagno 1999:485 [ref. 25589], Compagno in Randall & Lim 2000:582 [ref. 25122] as cf. laevis, Compagno et al. 2005:60 [ref. 29145] as cf. laevis, Compagno & Last 2008:230 [ref. 29689], Compagno & Last 2010:77 [ref. 30851], Last et al. 2010:150 [ref. 32461], Naylor et al. 2012:90 [ref. 32267] see remarks, Larson et al. 2013:17 [ref. 32988], Last et al. 2013:185 [ref. 33039], Bineesh et al. 2014:1267 [ref. 33218], Psomadakis et al. 2015:97 [ref. 34104], Weigmann 2016:82 [ref. 34211], Last et al. 2016:472 [ref. 34473], Last et al. 2016:233 [ref. 34563], Last et al. 2016:72 [ref. 34992], Ali et al. 2018:303 [ref. 36183], Eagderi et al. 2019:15 [ref. 37020], Psomadakis et al. 2020:195 [ref. 37272], Koeda et al. 2020:1 [ref. 37788], Ebert et al. 2022:564 [ref. 39671], Hsu et al. 2022:3 [ref. 39567]). Current status: Valid as Rhynchobatus laevis (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Rhinidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Mozambique and Madagascar to Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, east to southern China, north to southern Japan. Habitat: marine.