asperrimus, Myliobatis Gilbert [C. H.] in Jordan & Evermann 1898:2754 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 47; ref. 2445] Panama. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 11895. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:11 [ref. 12291]. Author is C. H. Gilbert. Holotype figured in Gilbert & Starks 1904, Pl. 3 [ref. 1639]. •Valid as Pteromylaeus asperrimus (Gilbert 1898) -- (McEachran & Notarbartolo-di-Sciara in Fischer et al. 1995:768 [ref. 22829], Castro-Aguirre & Espinosa Pérez 1996:57 [ref. 22793], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:125 [ref. 24023], Compagno 1999:498 [ref. 25589], Nelson et al. 2004:57 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:14 [ref. 37547], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:188 [ref. 30957], Page et al. 2013:57 [ref. 32708], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:134 [ref. 34398]). •Valid as Aetomylaeus asperrimus (Gilbert 1898) -- (White et al. 2015:x [ref. 33897], Weigmann 2016:149 [ref. 34211], White & Naylor 2016:437 [ref. 34575] in Myliobatidae, White & Last 2016:708 [ref. 35016], Ehemann et al. 2018:27 [ref. 36194], Calle-Morán et al. 2020:247 [ref. 37881], González-Acosta et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38361], Love et al. 2021:29 [ref. 39279] as XAetomylaeus asperrimus, Chávez et al. 2022:76 [ref. 39852], Grove et al. 2022:15 [ref. 41326], Jabado et al. 2022:11 [ref. 39046], Page et al. 2023:47 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:103 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Aetomylaeus asperrimus (Gilbert 1898). Myliobatidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Costa Rica south to Panama, including Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Records from Pacific coast of Baja California Sur (Mexico) probably misidentified. Habitat: marine.