lipokarenos, Gymnogeophagus Malabarba [L. R.], Malabarba [M. C.] & Reis [R. E.] 2015:653, Figs. 6e, 11, 12 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 13 (no. 4); ref. 34105] Rio Dourados at Linha Várzea, on road from Severiano de Almeida to Aratiba, upper río Uruguay basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, approx. 27°23'S, 52°13'W. Holotype: MCP 23522. Paratypes: MCP, UFRGS, UMMZ, ZVCP. •Valid as Gymnogeophagus lipokarenos Malabarba, Malabarba & Reis 2015 -- (Bertaco et al. 2016:426 [ref. 34561], Casciotta et al. 2017:1 [ref. 35497], Koerber et al. 2017:9 [ref. 35632], Alonso et al. 2019:S1 [ref. 36529], Koerber et al. 2019:11 [ref. 36736], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594]). Current status: Valid as Gymnogeophagus lipokarenos Malabarba, Malabarba & Reis 2015. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Uruguay River basin, Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) and Misiones (Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.