aquila, Raja Linnaeus [C.] 1758:232 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Mediterranean Sea and Northeastern Atlantic [original: "in Mari Mediterraneo"]; localities include Aquitaine, France, Bay of Biscay, Northeastern Atlantic; Genoa, Rome and Naples, Italy; Lesbos, Greece; Syria, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Originally based at least on 25 pre-Linnaean sources including Artedi 1738:72 [ref. 30578] and Artedi 1738:100 [ref. 30349] as Raja corpore glabro, aculeo longo serrato in cauda pinnata; Rondelet 1554:338 [ref. 30354] as Secunda pastinacæ species, Gesner Salviani 1558:146 [ref. 30229] as Raia aquila, Jonston 1649:Pl. 9 (fig. 8) [ref. 30579] as Aquilla, Willughby 1686:64 [ref. 30164] and Ray 1713:23 [ref. 30231] as Aquila. See Last & Stevens 1994:455 [ref. 23873] and McEachran & Carvalho 2003:582 [ref. 26985]. •Valid as Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Herrera 1896:15 [ref. 39336], Krefft & Stehmann 1973:74 [ref. 7167], McEachran & Capapé in Whitehead et al. 1984:206 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1986:133 [ref. 5648], Capapé 1987:22 [ref. 39326], McEachran & Séret 1990:68 [ref. 19318], Nishida 1990:92 [ref. 19783], Compagno et al. 1991:108 [ref. 21083], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:97 [ref. 25472], Santos et al. 1997:17 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:24 [ref. 24952], Fricke 1999:34 [ref. 24106], Compagno 1999:497 [ref. 25589], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:27 [ref. 26753], Falcón et al. 2003:144 [ref. 39343], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:86 [ref. 28072], Golani 2005:15 [ref. 37112], Fricke 2008:13 [ref. 30182], Fricke et al. 2009:13 [ref. 30213], George 2009:56 [ref. 30539], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:15 [ref. 36649], Wirtz et al. 2013:117 [ref. 32972], Weigmann 2016:150 [ref. 34211], Séret 2016:1428 [ref. 34545], White & Naylor 2016:437 [ref. 34575] in Myliobatidae, White & Last 2016:715 [ref. 35016], Biscoito et al. 2018:482 [ref. 37562], Almeida & Biscoito 2019:174 [ref. 37302], Carneiro et al. 2019:51 [ref. 37250], Reiner 2019:50 [ref. 38139], Bariche & Fricke 2020:24 [ref. 37515], Kovačić et al. 2020:9 [ref. 37519], Serena et al. 2020:502 [ref. 37963], Arroyo Martínez 2021:68 [ref. 38962], Ebert et al. 2021:97 [ref. 38234], Giovos et al. 2021:7 [ref. 38895], Golani 2021:12 [ref. 38303], Moreno Mendoza et al. 2021:[4] [ref. 38868], Kovačić et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39014], Bañón & Mano 2022:17 [ref. 40121], Barone et al. 2022:62 [ref. 39527], Carvalho & Soares 2022:623 [ref. 39676], Fermon et al. 2022:109 [ref. 39448], Balàka et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40410], Shakman et al. 2023:464 [ref. 40810], Artüz & Fricke 2024:537 [ref. 41509], Leeney 2024:90 [ref. 40985]). Current status: Valid as Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus 1758). Myliobatidae. Distribution: Southern North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; eastern Atlantic, southwestern Indian Ocean: British Isles south to Cape of Good Hope (South Africa), including Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands, Cape Verde Islands and São Tomé and Principe; then north to Kenya, including western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius). Habitat: marine.
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