heterospinus, Upeneus Uiblein [F.] & Pavlov [D. A.] in Uiblein, Gledhill, Pavlov, Hoang & Shaheen 2019:180, Figs. 9-10 [Zootaxa 4683 (no. 2); ref. 37008] North of Hon Tre Island, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa province, south-central Vietnam, South China Sea, western Pacific, 12°13'21"N, 109°18'30"E. Holotype: VNMN-I 2015. Paratypes: CSIRO, HIFIRE, MNHN, VNMN, ZMUC, ZMUO. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Upeneus heterospinus Uiblein & Pavlov 2019 -- (Tashiro & Koeda in Koeda & Ho 2019:914 [ref. 42393], Uiblein & Motomura 2021:315 [ref. 38170] as heterospinosus, Echreshavi et al. 2022:17 [ref. 39234], Uiblein et al. 2024:26 [ref. 40891], Kasim et al. 2025:623 [ref. 42071], Kasim et at. 2025:10 [ref. 42537]). Current status: Valid as Upeneus heterospinus Uiblein & Pavlov 2019. Mullidae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Java and Bali (Indonesia) and Vietnam east to Philippines, north to Kyushu (Japan). IUCN (2020): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.