spilota, Curimata Vari [R. P.] 1987:603, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 100 (no. 3); ref. 6059] Rio Santa Maria, at bridge on Rodovia highway BR-293 between Dom Pedrito and Livramento, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 37133. Paratypes: MCP 9613 (4), MZUSP 37134 (7), USNM 285194 (12, 2 c&s). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:17 [ref. 19022], Oyakawa 1996:458-459 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Cyphocharax spilotus (Vari 1987) -- (Vari 1992:72 [ref. 19020], Gómez & Chebez 1996:56 [ref. 23791], Butí & Cancino 1999:71 [ref. 25277], Bertaco & Cardoso 2001:268 [ref. 25132], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:12 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:75 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:72 [ref. 28131], Wosiacki & Miranda 2014:632 [ref. 33098], Litz & Koerber 2014:7 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:11 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:415 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:27 [ref. 35565], Melo 2017:119 [ref. 35213], Koerber et al. 2017:14 [ref. 35267], Taphorn et al. 2022:23 [ref. 41297], Giora & Wingert 2023:23 [ref. 41026], Loureiro et al. 2023:46 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax spilotus (Vari 1987). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Uruguay, lower Paraná, and Paraguay River basins (Argentina, Brazil, Guyana, Paraguay and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.