Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Cobitidae: [ 376 ] records

aculeata, Schistura McClelland [J.] 1839:307, Pl. 53 (fig. 2) [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Assam, India. No types known. •Synonym of Lepidocephalus guntea (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1999:161 [ref. 24904]). •Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton 1822) -- (Havird & Page 2010:153 [ref. 30739], Kottelat 2013:180 [ref. 32989]). •Questionably a synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 2012:33 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

afifeae, Cobitis Freyhof [J.], Bayçelebi [E.] & Geiger [M. F.] 2018:41, Figs. 30-32 [Zootaxa 4535 (1); ref. 36385] Büyük Menderes River at Cindere about 9 km south of Güney, Denizli province, Turkey, 38.083 29.014. Holotype: ZFMK ICH-99950. Paratypes: FSJF. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Cobitis afifeae Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018 -- (Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Eagderi et al. 2022:419 [ref. 39387], Çiçek et al. 2023:333 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:45 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis afifeae Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Küçük Menderes and Büyük Menderes River drainages (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

agmus, Acanthophthalmus Burridge [M. E.] 1992:180, Fig. 6 [Copeia 1992 (no. 1); ref. 19452] Sungai Lawa, 1 kilometer upstream of confluence with Baram River, Fourth Division, Sarawak state, Borneo, East Malaysia. Holotype: ROM 58726. Paratypes: BMNH 1990.5.2.1-6 (6); CAS 69586 (6); FMNH 68736 (1); IRSNB 19799 [not 19869] (now 8); MNHN 1990-0261 (6); RMNH 31657 (6); ROM 52847 (87), 53231-35 (12, 12, 1, 23, 296), 53495 (2), 56803 (5); SMF 803 (2); MZUSP [ex IRSNB 799] (2); UMMZ 217310 (6); USNM 308575 (6). •Valid as Pangio agma (Burridge 1992) -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:60 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Lim 1996:237 [ref. 23210], Kottelat 2012:37 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:182 [ref. 32989], Sulaiman et al. 2018:30 [ref. 35802]). Current status: Valid as Pangio agma (Burridge 1992). Cobitidae. Distribution: Sarawak and Brunei, Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

agrensis, Platacanthus Day [F.] 1865:296, Fig. [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865 (pt 1); ref. 5295] Fresh waters around Cochin, India. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Day specimens: BMNH 1865.7.17.25 (1), 1867.5.30.17-19 (3), 1975.9.30.12 (1, dry). Described from one specimen. Also appeared in Day 1856:204, Pl. 14, fig. 1 [ref. 1074]. Based on an abnormal specimen, see Havird & Page 2010:154 [ref. 30739]. •Synonym of Lepidocephalus thermalis (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Menon 1992:61 [ref. 23970], Menon 1999:164 [ref. 24904]). •Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys thermalis (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Havird & Page 2010:154 [ref. 30739], Kottelat 2012:34 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys thermalis (Valenciennes 1846). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

ajdan, Cobitis Dybowski [B. N.] in Sinitzyn 1900:49 [Varshavskogo Uchebnogo Okruga; ref. 22999] Apparently no description, not available; Onon R.; Warsaw Univ. No. 2769. •In the synonymy of Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski 1869) -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2008:337 [ref. 30085] with author as Sinitzyn, Kottelat 2012:36 [ref. 32367], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:669 [ref. 34853]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski 1869). Cobitidae.

ajdan, Cobitis Kessler [K. F.] 1876 [v. 2 (pt 4); ref. 2595] Not available, no description. Reference may be incorrect. •Nomen nudum in the synonymy of Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski 1869) -- (Vasil'eva et al. 2003:450 [ref. 27169]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski 1869). Cobitidae.

albescens, Canthophrys Swainson [W.] 1839:310 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Based on Ham. Cob. No. 3 -- which is Hamilton 1822:352, "3d species.-- Cobitis cucura." Unneeded new name for Cobitis cucura Hamilton 1822. •Synonym of Somileptus gongota (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1992:99 [ref. 23970] as Somileptus, Menon 1999:167 [ref. 24904]). •Synonym of Canthophrys gongota (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 2012:23 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Canthophrys gongota (Hamilton 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

albicoloris, Cobitis Chichkoff [G.] 1932:368, 374, Pl. 1 (Fig. 3) [Trudove na Bulgarskogo Prirodoizpitatelno Druzhestvo = Travaux de la Société Bulgare des Sciences Naturelles v. 15-16; ref. 16478] Danube River drainage, Bulgaria. Neotype: NRM 10432. Neotype designated by Kottelat & Freyhof 2009:81 [ref. 30320]; this specimen also designated as the lectotype of Cobitis bulgarica; thereby albicoloris is an objective synonym of bulgaricus. •Synonym of Cobitis aurata De Filippi 1863 -- (Berg 1949:894 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi 1863) -- (Vasil'eva 1998:102 [ref. 23591]). •Valid as Cobitis albicoloris Chichkoff 1932 -- (Sivkov & Dobrovolov 1986:3 [ref. 8038], Ivanova & Dobrovolov 2002:35 [ref. 26746] [not this speces on ref. 30320]). •Synonym of Sabanejewia bulgarica (Drensky 1928) -- (Kottelat 1997:92 [ref. 22952], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:173 [ref. 28369], Kottelat & Freyhof 2009:80-81 [ref. 30320], Kottelat 2012:42 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Sabanejewia bulgarica (Drensky 1928). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

alcoides, Pangio Kottelat [M.] & Lim [K. K. P.] 1993:208, Fig. 1 [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 41 (no. 2); ref. 21437] Stream at 154 stone on road to Kuantan from Kuala Terengganu, Rantau Abang, Terengganu, Malaysia. Holotype: ZRC 17209. Paratypes: CMK 8242 (1), 8511 (1); ZRC 17210-14 (5), 24690 (1), 34914 (1). •Valid as Pangio alcoides Kottelat & Lim 1993 -- (Doi 1997:15 [ref. 22832], Kottelat 2012:37 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:182 [ref. 32989], Anoop et al. 2019:149 [ref. 37005]). Current status: Valid as Pangio alcoides Kottelat & Lim 1993. Cobitidae. Distribution: Malaysia. Habitat: freshwater.

aliyeae, Cobitis Freyhof [J.], Bayçelebi [E.] & Geiger [M. F.] 2018:45, Figs. 33-35 [Zootaxa 4535 (1); ref. 36385] Seyhan River below water regulation doors at Yüreyir, south of Adana, Adana province, Turkey, 36.975 35.335. Holotype: ZFMK ICH-97840. Paratypes: FSJF. •Valid as Cobitis aliyeae Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018 -- (Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Eagderi et al. 2022:419 [ref. 39387], Çiçek et al. 2023:333 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:46 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis aliyeae Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: lower reaches of the Seyhan and Ceyhan River drainages (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

alkaia, Lepidocephalichthys Havird [J. C.] & Page [L. M.] 2010:140, Fig. 4 [Copeia 2010 (no. 1); ref. 30739] Hpa-Lap stream, of Nam Chim Chaung, of Nan Kwe Chaung, northwest of Myitkyina, 25°31'36"N, 97°22'45"E, Kachin State, Myanmar. Holotype: USNM 372169. Paratypes: BMNH 2008.11.27.1-3 (3); UF 173039 (4); USNM 372149 (1), 394517 (16); ZRC 52544 (3). Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Lepidocephalichthys alkaia Havird & Page 2010 -- (Kottelat 2012:32 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:179 [ref. 32989], Endruweit 2016:186 [ref. 34451], Kottelat 2017:713 [ref. 35678]). Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys alkaia Havird & Page 2010. Cobitidae. Distribution: Irrawaddy and Salween drainages, Myanmar and Yunnan. Habitat: freshwater.

almadae, Cobitis Doadrio [I.], Sousa-Santos [C.] & Robalo [J.] in Doadrio, Sousa-Santos, Robalo & Perea 2023:[11], Fig. 6 [Limnetica v. 43 (no. 2); ref. 40299] Sizandro River, Sizandro Drainage, Runa, Portugal, 39°04'04.9"N, 9°12'24.8"W, elevation 42 meters. Holotype: MNCN ICTIO 29821. Paratypes: MNCN. •Valid as Cobitis almadae Doadrio, Sousa-Santos & Robalo 2023. Current status: Valid as Cobitis almadae Doadrio, Sousa-Santos & Robalo 2023. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southwestern Europe: Sizandro River drainage, Runa, Portugal. Habitat: freshwater.

alternans, Pangio Kottelat [M.] & Lim [K. K. P.] 1993:210, Fig. 3 [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 41 (no. 2); ref. 21437] Blackwater stream entering the Mahakam River on the left side near Mujub, Kalimantan Timur, Borneo, Indonesia, 0°01'S, 115°43'E. Holotype: MZB 5895. Paratypes: CMK 7737 (7), 7757 (6), 7782 (24); MZB 5896 (10); ZRC 35037-46 (10). •Valid as Pangio alternans Kottelat & Lim 1993 -- (Doi 1997:15 [ref. 22832], Tan & Kottelat 2009:59 [ref. 30261], Kottelat 2012:38 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:182 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Pangio alternans Kottelat & Lim 1993. Cobitidae. Distribution: Mahakam River drainage, Borneo, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

amamianus, Misgurnus Nakajima [J.] & Hashiguchi [Y.] 2022:529, Figs. 3-5, 7a [Zootaxa 5162 (no. 5); ref. 39389] Isen, Tokuna-shima Island, Amami Islands, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. Holotype: KPM NI 68404. Paratypes: (26) JNC, KMNH, KPM, NSMT, OMNH, TKPM, WMNH, YCM. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Misgurnus amamianus Nakajima & Hashiguchi 2022. Current status: Valid as Misgurnus amamianus Nakajima & Hashiguchi 2022. Cobitidae. Distribution: Japan: Amami Islands. Habitat: freshwater.

ammophila, Pangio Britz [R.], Ali [A.] & Raghavan [R.] 2012:46, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 23 (no. 1); ref. 32066] Kumaradhara River, 12°00'N, 75°53'24"E, Subramanya, Karnataka, India, elevation 811 meters. Holotype: CRG-SAC 2012.1.1. Paratypes: CRG-SAC 2012.1.2-3 (2). •Valid as Pangio ammophila Britz, Ali & Raghavan 2012 -- (Kottelat 2012:38 [ref. 32367], Bleher 2018:318 [ref. 36647], Anoop et al. 2019:149 [ref. 37005], Sundar et al. 2022:95 [ref. 39262]). Current status: Valid as Pangio ammophila Britz, Ali & Raghavan 2012. Cobitidae. Distribution: South Asia: Kumaradhara River drainage, southern West Ghats, India. Habitat: freshwater.

amnicola, Cobitis Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:68 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Bengal. Syntypes: MNHN B-2171 (3). See Spillmann 1962:585 [ref. 32084]. •Valid as Somileptes gongota (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1999:167 [ref. 24904]). •Synonym of Somileptes gongota (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1992:99 [ref. 23970]). • Questionably a synonym of Canthophrys gongota (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 2012:23 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Canthophrys gongota (Hamilton 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

amphilekta, Cobitis Vasil'eva [E. D.] & Vasil'ev [V. P.] 2012:200, Figs. 2, 3, 4a, 5 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 52 (no. 3); ref. 31976] Caspian Sea near Port Il'icha between old bed of the Kumbashi River and state farm, Azerbaijan. Holotype: ZMMU P-22794 [ex. ZMMU P-3741]. Paratypes: many ar ZMMU. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Cobitis amphilekta Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2012 -- (Kottelat 2012:24 [ref. 23267], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:561 [ref. 33668], Esmaeili et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35254], Freyhof et al. 2018:10 [ref. 36385], Vasil'eva et al. 2020:149 [ref. 37810], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[4] [ref. 37535]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis amphilekta Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2012. Cobitidae. Distribution: Eurasia: Caspian Sea basin, Azerbaijan and brackish waters of the northeastern Caspian Sea. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

anabelae, Cobitis Freyhof [J.], Bayçelebi [E.] & Geiger [M. F.] 2018:48, Figs. 36-38 [Zootaxa 4535 (1); ref. 36385] Karasu River about 4 km south of Kırıkhan, Hatay province, Turkey, 36.465 36.380. Holotype: ZFMK ICH-98633. Paratypes: FSJF. •Valid as Cobitis anabelae Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018 -- (Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Saad et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40501], Çiçek et al. 2023:334 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:46 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis anabelae Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: lower reaches of the Orontes River drainage (Turkey and Syria). Habitat: freshwater.

anatoliae, Cobitinula Hankó [B.] 1925:152, Fig. 5; Pl. 3 (fig. 3) [Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici v. 21 (for 29 Dec. 1924); ref. 2035] Lake Ak-Göl, Turkey. Syntypes: MNH (2). Hankó 1924:154 acts as first revisor, selecting turcica over anatoliae. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758 -- (Berg 1949:891 [ref. 20661], Kottelat 1997:89 [ref. 22952] with question). •Synonym of Cobitis turcica Hankó 1925 -- (Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Freyhof et al. 2018:38 [ref. 36385], Çiçek et al. 2024:58 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis turcica Hankó 1925. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

anguillaris, Acantophthalmus Vaillant [L. L.] 1902:151, Fig. 46 [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 24 (note 1); ref. 4490] Kapuas River, Borneo, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 7788. •Valid as Acantophthalmus anguillaris Vaillant 1902 -- (Roberts 1989:95 [ref. 6439]). •Valid as Pangio anguillaris (Vaillant 1902) -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:60 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Lim 1993:214 [ref. 21437], Rainboth 1996:137 [ref. 22772], Doi 1997:15 [ref. 22832], Kottelat 1998:100 [ref. 23436], Kottelat 2001:90 [ref. 25780], Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:158 [ref. 28284], Parenti & Lim 2005:187 [ref. 28285], Tan & Kottelat 2009:60 [ref. 30261], Hadiaty & Kottelat 2009:66 [ref. 30302], Kottelat 2012:38 [ref. 32367], Valis'eva & Vasil'ev 2012:665 [ref. 32477], Kottelat 2013:182 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2015:45 [ref. 33971] as aff. anguillaris, Ng et al. 2019:520 [ref. 36606], Anoop et al. 2019:149 [ref. 37005]). Current status: Valid as Pangio anguillaris (Vaillant 1902). Cobitidae. Distribution: Borneo, ?Malaya (Malaysia), ?Mekong River basin, ?Xe Bangfai, Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

anguillicaudata, Cobitis Cantor [T. E.] 1842:485 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (New Series) v. 9 (nos 58, 59, 60); ref. 17344] Chusan Island, China. Syntypes: BMNH 1843.7.21.15-18 (4), 2007.9.17.2 (1), 2007.9.17.3-10 (8). See also Kottelat 1997:90 [ref. 22952]. •Synonym of Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Kuroda 1953:276 [ref. 39545], Okada 1961:534 [ref. 6363]). •Valid as Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Berg 1949:901 [ref. 20661], Mai 1978:226 [ref. 13511], Lee et al. 1980:436 [ref. 22416], Chen 1981:28 [ref. 8242], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:58 [ref. 6441], Wang 1984:80 [ref. 22951], Chen in Kuang et al. 1986:147 [ref. 26639], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:382 [ref. 25598], Zheng et al. 1989:63 [ref. 21202], Page & Burr 1991:191 [ref. 18983], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:528 [ref. 20764], Yang 1991:198 [ref. 13585], Ye in Pan et al. 1991:255 [ref. 23876], Menon 1992:50 [ref. 23970], Wu & Wu 1992:267 [ref. 21205], Ding 1994:118 [ref. 21531], Kim & Pack 1995:54 [ref. 23596], Yang & Chen 1995:30 [ref. 23555], Zhu 1995:128 [ref. 25213], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:49 [ref. 22798], Lintermans & Burchmore in McDowall 1996:114 [ref. 22909], Cheng & Zhou 1997:200 [ref. 26385], Doi 1997:15 [ref. 22832], Kim 1997:287 [ref. 24032], Nikiforov et al. 1997:330 [ref. 24694], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:744 [ref. 24702], Kottelat 1998:97 [ref. 23436], Watanabe 1998:263 [ref. 23491], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:92 [ref. 23556], Vasil'eva 1998:101 [ref. 23591], Sato et al. 1998:37 [ref. 24972], Dong et al. 1999:83 [ref. 24206], Fuller et al. 1999:175 [ref. 25838], Nakabo 2000:272 [ref. 25086], Freyhof et al. 2000:96 [ref. 25184], Kim et al. 2000:224 [ref. 25434], Matsuura et al. 2000:171 [ref. 26000], Razzetti et al. 2000:559 [ref. 25844], Tang et al. 2001:14 [ref. 25373], Kottelat 2001:90 [ref. 25780], Kottelat 2001:50 [ref. 25482], Pietsch et al. 2001:140 [ref. 25688], Sakai et al. 2001:87 [ref. 25693], Tatsizawa et al. 2001:91 [ref. 25594], Vasil'eva 2001:589 [ref. 25617], Wang et al. 2001:178 [ref. 26566], Kim & Park 2002:200 [ref. 25913], Allen et al. 2002:363 [ref. 25930], Nakabo 2002:272 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:178, 518 [ref. 26218] as anguillicaudata, Hagiwara 2003:37 [ref. 27188], Jang et al. 2003:119 [ref. 27681], Wydoski & Whitney 2003:151 [ref. 27816], Nelson et al. 2004:80 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:111 [ref. 27882], Hammer & Walker 2004:91 [ref. 28129], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:108 [ref. 28183], Mundy 2005:152 [ref. 28379], Kottelat 2006:89 [ref. 28831], Hoese 2006:348 [ref. 29009], Scharpf 2006:13 [ref. 30386], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:319 [ref. 29996], Kim 2009:20 [ref. 30457] with genus as Misgrunus, Yonezawa et al. 2010:251 [ref. 30902] with genus as Misugumus, Ho & Shao 2011: 31 [ref. 31432], Page & Burr 2011:340 [ref. 31215], Kottelat 2012:35 [ref. 32367], Hammer et al. 2012:66 [ref. 32389], Page et al. 2013:81 [ref. 32708], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2015:45 [ref. 33971], Zhang et al. 2016:153 [ref. 34477], Koeda et al. 2016:11 [ref. 35333], Kuiter 2018:94 [ref. 36369], Robins et al. 2018:141 [ref. 35886], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Zhang et al. 2019:415 [ref. 36699], Dyldin et al. 2020:98 [ref. 37569], Reis et al. 2020:456 [ref. 38364], Fu et al. 2021:9567 [ref. 39347], Nakajima et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38482], Zhang et al. 2021:415 [ref. 38246], Guo 2021:682 [ref. 38618], Brandão et al. 2022:219 [ref. 40464], Shedko & Vasil'eva 2022:11 [ref. 39201], Nakajima & Hashiguchi 2022:537 [ref. 39389], Chen et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40668], Dyldin et al. 2023:[5] [ref. 40328], Jamandre 2023:164 [ref. 40455], Page et al. 2023:66 [ref. 40505], Saiki et al. 2023:69 [ref. 40766]). Current status: Valid as Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842). Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: China. Introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater.

anjan, Cobitis Dowski [D. F.] in Sinitzyn 1900:49 [Varshavskogo Uchebnogo Okruga; ref. 22999] Not available, nomen nudum. •In the synonymy of Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski 1869) -- (Kottelat 2006:58 [ref. 28831]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski 1869). Cobitidae.

annandalei, Lepidocephalichthys Chaudhuri [B. L.] 1912:442, Pl. 40 (figs. 3, 3a-b) [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 7 (pt. 5) (art. 35); ref. 14837] Mahananda River at Siliguri and Tista River near Jalpaiguri, India. Syntypes: (7) ZSI F5593/1 to 5595/1 (3). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:121 [ref. 20743]. •Valid as Lepidocephalus annandalei (Chaudhuri 1912) -- (Ataur Rahman 1989:158 [ref. 24860], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:522 [ref. 20764], Menon 1992:72 [ref. 23970], Sen 1995:552 [ref. 23778], Sen 1999:198 [ref. 24750], Menon 1999:159 [ref. 24904], Karmakar 2000:31 [ref. 25662], Ataur Rahman 2003:177 [ref. 31338]). •Valid as Lepidocephalichthys annandalei Chaudhuri 1912 -- (Pillai & Yazdani 1976:12 [ref. 7382], Arunkumar 2000:1103 [ref. 25767], Havird & Page 2010:145 [ref. 30739], Kottelat 2012:32 [ref. 32367], Bleher 2018:296 [ref. 36647]). Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys annandalei Chaudhuri 1912. Cobitidae. Distribution: Ganga and Brahmaputra River basins, India, Bangladesh and Nepal. Habitat: freshwater.

anteroventris, Protocobitis Lan [J.] 2013:(148) 260, Figs. 113-114 [Science Press, Beijing; ref. 32910] Lingping Town, Tianlin County, Guangxi, China, 24.6°N, 106.3°E, elevation 830 meters. Holotype: CLHJ 121110306. Paratypes: CLJH 2012020101, 12110307, 12110308 (1 spec. each). •Valid as Protocobitis anteroventris Lan 2013 -- (Zhang et al. 2016:153 [ref. 34477], Zhou et al. 2024:4 [ref. 40870]). Current status: Valid as Protocobitis anteroventris Lan 2013. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: cave system in Tianlin County, Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

apoda, Pangio Britz [R.] & Maclaine [J. S.] 2007:28, Fig. 8 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 18 (no. 1); ref. 29149] Tista River at Tista Barrage, Brahmaputra drainage, West Bengal, India. Holotype: UMMZ 247779. Paratypes: BMNH 1932.4.22.1 (1), UMMZ 244848 (1). •Valid as Pangio apoda Britz & Maclaine 2007 -- (Britz et al. 2012:45 [ref. 32066], Kottelat 2012:38 [ref. 32367], Anoop et al. 2019:149 [ref. 37005]). Current status: Valid as Pangio apoda Britz & Maclaine 2007. Cobitidae. Distribution: South Asia: Tista River drainage, Brahmaputra basin, West Bengal, India. Habitat: freshwater.

arachthosensis, Cobitis Economidis [P. S.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1996:313, Fig. 12a-f [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 36; ref. 23723] River Arachthos death branch near Akropotamia village, Epirus, Greece. Holotype: MZUT 1988-137. Paratypes: ISBB 4571 (2), 4574 (10); MNHN 1994-0515 (2); MZUT 1997-356 (2), 1988-96 (5), 1988-97 (46); NMW 92821 (1); SMF 27233 (1); USNM 330136 (1). Appeared first as arahthosensis in Economidis 1991:28 [ref. 23018] without distinguishing features. Also as name only in Economidis 1992:75 [ref. 23021]. •Valid as Cobitis sp. 3 -- (Kottelat 1997:90 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Cobitis arachthosensis Economidis & Nalbant 1996 -- (Erk'akan et al. 1999:24 [ref. 25143], Howe 1999:138 [ref. 25501], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:305 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:24 [ref. 32367], Barbieri et al. 2015:71 [ref. 35029], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis arachthosensis Economidis & Nalbant 1996. Cobitidae. Distribution: Greece. Habitat: freshwater.

aralensis, Cobitis Kessler [K. F.] 1877:184 [The Aralo-Caspian Expedition; ref. 2597] Syr Darya River mouth, Kazakhstan; Amu Darya River mouth, Uzbekistan. Syntypes: (4 + 1) BMNH 1897.7.5.18 (1 on exchange); ZIN 10932 (1). •Synonym of Cobitis aurata De Filippi 1863, but a valid subspecies aralensis Kessler 1877 -- (Berg 1949:895 [ref. 20661], Mitrofanov & Dukravec 1989:67 [ref. 37748]). •Questionably the same as Sabanejewia balcanica (Karaman 1922) -- (Kottelat 1997:91 [ref. 22952]). •Questionably a synonym of Sabanejewia aurita (De Filippi 1863) -- (Kottelat 2012:41 [ref. 32367], Vasil'eva et al. 2022:13 [ref. 39491]). •Synonym of Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi 1863), but a valid subspecies aralensis Kessler 1877 -- (Vasil'eva 1998:102 [ref. 23591], Coad & Abdoli 2000:58 [ref. 25296], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:159 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:59 [ref. 40789]). •Valid as Sabanejewia aralensis (Kessler 1877) -- (Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2023:[10] [ref. 40114], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2024:[5] [ref. 40732]). Current status: Valid as Sabanejewia aralensis (Kessler 1877). Cobitidae. Distribution: Eurasia: Aral Sea basin. Habitat: freshwater.

arenae, Misgurnus Lin [S.-Y.] 1934:227, Figs. 5-6 [Lingnan Science Journal, Canton v. 13 (no. 2); ref. 12420] Western Lake, Hwei-yang District, Kwangtung, China. Holotype: FESC (now at PRFRI) M10. •Valid as Acantopsis arenae (Lin 1934) -- (Kottelat 2001:49 [ref. 25482]). •Valid, but in an unnamed genus -- (Kottelat 2012:24 [ref. 32367]). •Valid as Cobitis arenae (Lin 1934) -- (Chen 1981:25 [ref. 8242], Zheng et al. 1989:61 [ref. 21202], Ye in Pan et al. 1991:254 [ref. 23876], Zhu 1995:127 [ref. 25213], Kim et al. 1999:376 [ref. 25348], Son & He 2005:238 [ref. 29190], Chen & Chen 2011:149 [ref. 31435], Chen et al. 2013:380 [ref. 32679], Chen & Chen 2013:94 [ref. 32990], Chen et al. 2015:14 [ref. 35710], Zhang et al. 2016:151 [ref. 34477], Chen et al. 2018:167 [ref. 35932], Tan et al. 2019:169 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis arenae (Lin 1934). Cobitidae. Distribution: Nandujiang River and Pearl River basins, China. Habitat: freshwater.

arunachalensis, Noemacheilus Datta [A. K.] & Barman [R. P.] 1984:275, Pl. 14 [Bulletin of the Zoological Survey of India v. 6 (nos 1-3); ref. 8168] Namdapha River, Namdapha Wildlife Sanctuary, Tirap District, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Holotype: ZSI FF1713. Paratypes: ZSI FF1714 (2). Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. See Das 2003:365 [ref. 27706] with second author as Burman. •May be a cobitid in the genus Lepidocephalichthys -- (Kottelat 1990:108 [ref. 14137], Arunkumar 2000:1103 [ref. 25767], Havird & Page 2010:154 [ref. 30739], Kottelat 2012:32 [ref. 32367], Bleher 2018:298 [ref. 36647]). Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys arunachalensis (Datta & Barman 1984). Cobitidae. Distribution: Namdapha River drainage, India. Habitat: freshwater.

atactos, Pangio Tan [H. H.] & Kottelat [M.] 2009:57, Fig. 42 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 20 (no. 1); ref. 30261] Danau Kamining near ampung Trasos, about 5 kilometers to southwards on unpaved road turning-off from Muara Bungo - Muara Tebo road at Kilometer 36, Jambi, Sumatra. Holotype: MZB 10995. Paratypes: CMK 11132 (5); MZB 10996 (2); ZRC 42421 (2), 51763 (5), 51764 (2). Name is an adjective. •Valid as Pangio atactos Tan & Kottelat 2009 -- (Britz & Kottelat 2010:375 [ref. 30691], Kottelat 2012:38 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:182 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Pangio atactos Tan & Kottelat 2009. Cobitidae. Distribution: Batang Hari River drainage, Sumatra, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

atlantica, Cobitis Doadrio [I.], Sousa-Santos [C.], Robalo [J.] & Perea [S.] 2023:[12], Fig. 8 [Limnetica v. 43 (no. 2); ref. 40299] Alcoa River, Alcoa Drainage, Fervença, Portugal, 39°34'01.3"N, 8°59'21.2"W, elevation 86 meters. Holotype: MNCN ICTIO 29839. Paratypes: MNCN. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Cobitis atlantica Doadrio, Sousa-Santos, Robalo & Perea 2023. Current status: Valid as Cobitis atlantica Doadrio, Sousa-Santos, Robalo & Perea 2023. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southwestern Europe: northern Atlantic drainages, Iberian Peninsula. Habitat: freshwater.

aurata, Cobitis De Filippi [F.] 1863:391 [Archivio per la Zoologia, l'Anatomia e la Fisiologia v. 2; ref. 18082] Stream near Sartschem [apparently Sarcham-e Sofla, 39°07;N, 47°54'E], Iran. Lectotype: MZUT 674. Paralectotypes: ?MSNG 42727 [ex Univ. Genova 365] (2). Type catalog: Tortonese 1940:141 [ref. 21559]. Also appeared in De Filippi 1865:360 [ref. 13943] as Acanthopsis aurata. Lectotype selected by Tortonese 1961:188 [ref. 10343]. •Valid as Cobitis aurata De Filippi 1863 -- (Berg 1949:894 [ref. 20661], Sivkov & Dobrovolov 1986:3 [ref. 8038], Lelek 1987:250 [ref. 22962], Mitrofanov & Dukravec 1989:66 [ref. 37748], Coad 1991:24 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:21 [ref. 23608], Economidis & Nalbant 1996:317 [ref. 23723], Coad 1996:71 [ref. 25297], Nalbant & Bianco 1998:121 [ref. 23810], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:321 [ref. 29996], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:167 [ref. 31251] as subspecies aurata, Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2012:205 [ref. 31976]). •Questionably the same as Sabanejewia balcanica (Karaman 1922) -- (Kottelat 1997:90 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi 1863) -- (Esmaeili et al. 2010:372 [ref. 33391], Kottelat 2012:41 [ref. 32367], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:882 [ref. 34062], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Esmaeili et al. 2017:61 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:41 [ref. 36089], Sayyadzadeh et al. 2019:279 [ref. 36752], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Dyldin et al. 2020:92, 95 [ref. 37569], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:159 [ref. 37983], Kaya et al. 2020:337 [ref. 37582], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[4] [ref. 37535], Çiçek et al. 2022:86 [ref. 39222], Sheraliev & Kayumova 2022:36 [ref. 39437], Vasil'eva et al. 2022:12 [ref. 39491], Çiçek et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40326], Çiçek et al. 2023:340 [ref. 40625], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2023:[10] [ref. 40114], Çiçek et al. 2024:59 [ref. 40789], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2024:[3] [ref. 40732]). Current status: Valid as Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi 1863). Cobitidae. Distribution: Eurasia: Caspian Sea basin. Habitat: freshwater.

australis, Cobitis Chen [Y.-X.], Chen [C.-Y.] & He [D.-K.] 2013:382, Figs. 3-8 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 38 (no. 2); ref. 32679] Yougjiang, tributary of Pearl River in Nanning City in Guangxim southern China, 22°79'N, 108°33'E. Holotype: IHB 0605157. Paratypes: IHB 0605158 (1). •Valid as Cobitis australis Chen, Chen & He 2013 -- (Chen et al. 2015:15 [ref. 35710], Zhang et al. 2016:151 [ref. 34477], Chen et al. 2018:167 [ref. 35932], Tan et al. 2019:171 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis australis Chen, Chen & He 2013. Cobitidae. Distribution: Yongjiang, Yujiang and Liujiang River drainages, Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

avicennae, Cobitis Mousavi-Sabet [H.], Vatandoust [S.], Esmaeili [H. R.], Geiger [M. F.] & Freyhof [J.] 2015:562, Figs. 3-7 [Zootaxa 3914 (no. 5); ref. 33668] Hamedan Province, Gamasiab River at Dehno, a tributary to Karkheh, 34°10'15"N, 48°21'19"E, Iran, altitude 1610 meters. Holotype: GUIC CC1462MA. Paratypes: CUIC CC1462M (6). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Cobitis avicennae Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Esmaeili, Geiger & Freyhof 2015 -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:881 [ref. 34062], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2017:124 [ref. 35196], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Esmaeili et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:40 [ref. 36089], Freyhof et al. 2018:10 [ref. 36385], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:155 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2024:47 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis avicennae Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Esmaeili, Geiger & Freyhof 2015. Cobitidae. Distribution: Middle East: Lower Tigris River drainage (Iran, Iraq) and possibly Kurdistan (Iraq). Habitat: freshwater.

baishagensis, Cobitis Chen [Y.-X.], Sui [X.-Y.], Liang [N.] & Chen [Y.-F.] 2016:522, Figs. 4c-d, 5e-h, 6, 7 [Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology v. 34 (no. 3); ref. 34014] Nandujiang River, Baisha County, Hainan Province, southern China, 19°22'N, 109°49'E. Holotype: IHASW 76v4987. Paratypes: HU, IHASW. •Valid as Cobitis baishagensis Chen, Sui, Liang & Chen 2016 -- (Chen et al. 2018:167 [ref. 35932], Tan et al. 2019:171 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis baishagensis Chen, Sui, Liang & Chen 2016. Cobitidae. Distribution: Nandujiang River, Hainan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

balcanica, Cobitis Karaman [S.] 1922:307 [1], Figs. 1-2 [Glasnik Hrvatskoga naravoslovnoga drustva = Glasnik der Kroatischen Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft in Zagreb. v. 34 (no. 3); ref. 16105] Vardar River, Yugoslavia. Paratypes: MNHN 1928-0222 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:93 [ref. 19574]. On p. 1 of separate. •Synonym of Cobitis aurata De Filippi 1863 -- (Berg 1949:894 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Cobitis aurata De Filippi 1863, but a valid subspecies -- (Lelek 1987:250 [ref. 22962], Ahnelt & Tiefenbach 1994:11 [ref. 22364], Economidis & Nalbant 1996:317 [ref. 23723]). •Synonym of Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi 1863), but a valid subspecies -- (Vasil'eva 1998:102 [ref. 23591], Pehlivanov 2000:47 [ref. 25202]). •Synonym of Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi 1863) -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2001:45 [ref. 26178]). •Valid as Sabanejewia balcanica (Karaman 1922) -- (Kottelat 1997:91 [ref. 22952], Ludwig et al. 2001:388 [ref. 25216], Hanel 2003:55 [ref. 27894], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:173 [ref. 28369], Hanel & Lusk 2005:284 [ref. 28804], Fricke et al. 2007:50 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:322 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:41 [ref. 32367], Barbieri et al. 2015:74 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Tutman et al. 2018:219 [ref. 35876], Ćaleta et al. 2019:149 [ref. 37026], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Vasil'eva et al. 2022:11 [ref. 39491], Çiçek et al. 2023:340 [ref. 40625], Fedočák et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40768], Shumka et al. 2023:39 [ref. 40747], Çiçek et al. 2024:59 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Sabanejewia balcanica (Karaman 1922). Cobitidae. Distribution: Eurasia: Black Sea and Aegean Sea basin (Serbia, North Macedonia, Greece and Turkey). Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

balgara, Cobitis Hamilton [F.] 1822:356, 394 [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Nathpur, Kosi River, Uttar Pradesh, India. No types known. Day 1878:609 acts as first revisor, selecting guntea over balgara. Information on type locality see Britz 2019:46 [ref. 37532]. Hamilton's original, unpublished illustration reproduced by Britz 2019:Pl. 223 [ref. 37532]. •Synonym of Lepidocephalus guntea (Hamilton 1822) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:525 [ref. 20764], Menon 1992:54 [ref. 23970], Menon 1999:161 [ref. 24904], Ataur Rahman 2003:176 [ref. 31338]). •Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton 1822) -- (Havird & Page 2010:153 [ref. 30739], Kottelat 2012:32 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:179 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

baltica, Sabanejewia aurata Witkowski [A.] 1994:44, Fig. 10 [Zoologische Abhandlungen; Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden v. 48 (no. 1); ref. 22060] Widawa River, Odra River basin, near village Kielczówek, 4 kilometers from Wroclaw, 51°18'N, 17°12'W, Poland. Holotype: NMHW 638. Paratypes: MTD F 11888-89 (2), NMHW 639 (33). Type catalog: Zarske 2003:23 [ref. 27474]. •Synonym of Sabanejewia balcanica (Karaman 1922) -- (Kottelat 1997:91 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi 1863), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Vasil'eva 1998:102 [ref. 23591]). •Valid as Sabanejewia baltica Witkowski 1994 -- (Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:110 [ref. 28183], Bohlen et al. 2005:103 [ref. 28439], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:321 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:42 [ref. 32367], Vasil'eva et al. 2022:12 [ref. 39491], Dyldin et al. 2023:[6] [ref. 40328], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2023:[10] [ref. 40114]). Current status: Valid as Sabanejewia baltica Witkowski 1994. Cobitidae. Distribution: Northeastern Europe: Baltic Sea basin. Habitat: freshwater.

barbatuloides, Cobitis Bleeker [P.] 1851:435 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 16897] Sambas, western Borneo, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 4960 (poor condition, head missing). Type catalog: Alfred 1961:33 [ref. 20552]. Originally as barbatuloïdes. •Questionably a synonym of Lepidocephalichthys hasselti (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Roberts 1989:103 [ref. 6439], Kottelat et al. 1993:59 [ref. 23448]). •Valid as Lepidocephalichthys barbatuloides (Bleeker 1851) -- (Kottelat & Tan 2008:70 [ref. 29956], Kottelat 2012:32 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:179 [ref. 32989]). •May not be a species of Lepidocephalichthys -- (Havird & Page 2010:140 [ref. 30739]). Current status: Uncertain as Lepidocephalichthys barbatuloides (Bleeker 1851). Cobitidae. Distribution: Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

bashai, Pangio Easa [P. S.] & Shaji [C. P.] 1997:181 [Current Science v. 73 (no. 2); ref. 30281] Kerala, India. Name only, not available. Refers to a manuscript description submitted to TFH Magazine, which was not published by 2009 according to online TFH archives. Also seen as Pangio baashai and Pangio bashaii. •Incorrectly treated as valid as Pangio bashai Easa & Shaji -- (Raju Thomas et al. 1999:479 [ref. 25441]). •A nomen nudum -- (Britz et al. 2012:48 [ref. 32066]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Unknown. Cobitidae.

battalgili, Cobitis Băcescu [M. C.] 1962:437 [3], Fig. 1b [Revue de Biologie, Académie de la République Populaire Roumaine, Bucarest v. 6 (no. 4) [for 1961]; ref. 6454] Turkey [probably from Lake Beyşehir]. Lectotype: ZMH 4744. Paralectotypes: ZMH 4745 (4). Type catalog: Wilkens & Dohse 1993:412 [ref. 21161]. Described in key, apparently no types mentioned and no holotype established. Named after a woman, so corrected to battalgilae. Lectotype designation by Freyhof et al. 2018:12 [ref. 36385], erroneously named holotype by Wilkens & Dohse 1993. •Provisionally a synonym of Cobitis simplicispina Hankó 1925 -- (Erk'akan et al. 1999:24 [ref. 25143]). •Valid as Cobitis battalgili Băcescu 1962 -- (Bianco & Nalbant 1980:905 [ref. 22380], Coad & Sarieyyüpoglu 1988:429 [ref. 9105], Vassilev 1998:283 [ref. 24118], Erk'akan & Özdemir 2014: 276 [ref. 33489], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341], Çiçek et al. 2018:16 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644]). •Valid as Cobitis battalgilae Băcescu 1962 -- (Freyhof et al. 2018:12 [ref. 36385], Bayçelebi et al. 2020:144 [ref. 37381], Eagderi et al. 2022:419 [ref. 39387], Çiçek et al. 2023:334 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2023:152 [ref. 40728], Çiçek et al. 2024:47 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis battalgilae Băcescu 1962. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Beyşehir and Lake Suğla basins, Manavgat River basin, and below the Apa Reservoir (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

berdmorei, Acanthopis Blyth [E.] 1860:168 [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 29 (no. 2); ref. 477] Tenasserim provinces, Myanmar (probably Sittang River). Syntypes: ZSI F2646/1 (1). Possible syntypes: AMS B.7529 (1) Moulmein. Original genus should have been Acanthopsis Agasssiz 1832. Kottelat & Lim 1992:205 [ref. 21291] treat the ZSI specimen as holotype, but since multiple localities were listed, we do not regard their action as establishing a lectotype. •Valid as Lepidocephalus berdmorei (Blyth 1860) -- (Ataur Rahman 1989:159 [ref. 24860], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:523 [ref. 20764], Menon 1992:76 [ref. 23970], Sen 1995:552 [ref. 23778], Sen 1999:199 [ref. 24750], Menon 1999:159 [ref. 24904], Kar/makar 2000:32 [ref. 25662], Ataur Rahman 2003:179 [ref. 31338]). •Valid as Lepidocephalichthys berdmorei (Blyth 1860) -- (Kottelat & Lim 1992:205 [ref. 21291], Doi 1997:14 [ref. 22832], Arunkumar 2000:1094 [ref. 25767], Kottelat 2001:89 [ref. 25780], Havird & Page 2010:145 [ref. 30739], Havird et al. 2010:9 [ref. 30908], Kottelat 2012:32 [ref. 32367], Ahmed et al. 2013:286 [ref. 32872], Kottelat 2013:179 [ref. 32989], Endruweit 2016:186 [ref. 34451], Zhang et al. 2016:152 [ref. 34477], Kottelat 2017:713 [ref. 35678], Bleher 2018:300 [ref. 36647], Fu et al. 2021:9567 [ref. 39347], Fuke et al. 2021:[3] [ref. 38221], Taki et al. 2021:188 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys berdmorei (Blyth 1860). Cobitidae. Distribution: South and southeast Asia: India, peninsular Malaysia to Laos and Yunnan (China). Habitat: freshwater.

bhujia, Pangio Anoop [V. K.], Britz [R.], Arjun [C. P.], Dahanukar [N.] & Raghavan [R.] 2019:145, Figs. 1-3 [Zootaxa 4683 (no. 1); ref. 37005] Cherinjal, Kozhikode district, Kerala, India, 11°17'42"N, 75°52'7"E, elevation 40 meters. Holotype: BNHS FWF 980. Paratypes: BNHS FWF 981-990 (10), 991-996 (6). •Valid as Pangio bhujia Anoop, Britz, Arjun, Dahanukar & Raghavan 2019 -- (Sundar et al. 2022:93 [ref. 39262]). Current status: Valid as Pangio bhujia Anoop, Britz, Arjun, Dahanukar & Raghavan 2019. Cobitidae. Distribution: South Asia: aquifer systems in Kozhikode district and Indianoor, northwest Kerala, India. Habitat: freshwater.

biaculeata, Acanthopsis Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1852:28 [Fische und deren Skelette; ref. 3846] Not available, Kuhl name mentioned in passing, no description. •In the synonymy of Acantopsis dialuzona van Hasselt 1823 -- (Roberts 1993:23 [ref. 21799], Kottelat 2012:22 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:177 [ref. 32989], Boyd et al. 2017:163 [ref. 35656]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Acantopsis dialuzona van Hasselt 1823. Cobitidae.

bibarba, Bibarba Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.] 2007:105, Figs. 3A-B, 4A-C, 5B, 6A-B, 7A-B [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 246 (no. 2); ref. 29350] Chengjiang River, a tributary of Hongshuihe River, in upper reaches of the Pearl River, Du'an County, 23°55-56'N, 108°06'E, Guangxi Province, southern China. Holotype: IHASW 87024411. Paratypes: IHASW 0605144-156, -159 (14), 0605160-177 (18), 87024370 (1), 87024520 (1), 87024659-60 (2), 87024263 (1). •Valid as Bibarba bibarba Chen & Chen 2007 -- (Kottelat 2012:22 [ref. 32367], Wu et al. 2015:138 [ref. 33638], Zhang et al. 2016:151 [ref. 34477], Bohlen et al. 2019:298 [ref. 36890], Yang et al. 2020:71 [ref. 37266]). Current status: Valid as Bibarba bibarba Chen & Chen 2007. Cobitidae. Distribution: Chengjiang River drainage, Pearl River basin, Guangxi Province, southern China. Habitat: freshwater.

bicolor, Quintabarbates Roberts [T. R.] 2020:18, Figs. 1-2 [aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology v. 26 (no. 1); ref. 37330] Nam Saing Chaung, tributary of Middle Chindwin with its mouth about 30 km downstream from Khampti, Irrawaddy River basin, Myanmar. Holotype: CAS 247167. Paratype: CAS 247168 (1). Misspelled as Quintabarbites in the figs. •Valid as Quintabarbates bicolor Roberts 2020. Current status: Valid as Quintabarbates bicolor Roberts 2020. Cobitidae. Distribution: Middle Chindwin basin, northern Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

bifurcata, Cobitis McClelland [J.] 1843:400, Pl. 23 (fig. 1) [Calcutta Journal of Natural History v. 4 (no. 4) (for 1844); ref. 2927] Chusan, China. No types known. •Synonym of Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Okada 1961:534 [ref. 6363]). •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Chen 1981:28 [ref. 8242], Vasil'eva 2001:589 [ref. 25617], Kottelat 2012:35 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

bilineata, Cobitis taenia var. Canestrini [G.] 1865:305 [Archivio per la Zoologia, l'Anatomia e la Fisiologia v. 3 (fasc. 2); ref. 20858] Modenese and Treviso, Italy. No types known. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Lelek 1987:247 [ref. 22962], Bianco 1988:154 [ref. 22383]). •Valid as Cobitis bilineata Canestrini 1865 -- (Kottelat 1997:87 [ref. 22952], Ludwig et al. 2001:388 [ref. 25216], Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:195 [ref. 26728], Freyhof & Stelbrink 2007:269 [ref. 29344], Mustafic et al. 2008:4 [ref. 29642], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:305 [ref. 29996], Zupančič 2008:59 [ref. 29926], Bianco & Delmastro 2011:6 [ref. 31648], Kottelat 2012:24 [ref. 23267], Kottelat 2012:24 [ref. 32367], Bianco 2013:9 [ref. 32897], Buj et al. 2014:15, 23 [ref. 33367], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Ćaleta et al. 2019:147 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Bellucci et al. 2021:[3] [ref. 38590]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis bilineata Canestrini 1865. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southern Europe: France, Switzerland, Adriatic rivers of Italy south to central Italy, Slovenia and Croatia. Habitat: freshwater.

bilseli, Cobitis Battalgil [F.] 1942:292, Fig. 4 [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles v. 7 (no. 4); ref. 13190] Beysehir Lake, Turkey. No types known. •Valid as Cobitis bilseli Battalgil 1942 -- (Erk'akan et al. 1999:20 [ref. 25143], Fricke et al. 2007:48 [ref. 29533], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341], Çiçek et al. 2018:16 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36385], Bayçelebi et al. 2020:144 [ref. 37381], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Eagderi et al. 2022:419 [ref. 39387], Çiçek et al. 2023:334 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2023:152 [ref. 40728], Çiçek et al. 2024:47 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis bilseli Battalgil 1942. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Lake Beyşehir and tributaries (Isparta and Konya provinces) (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

bipartitus, Nemacheilus Sauvage [H.-E.] & Dabry de Thiersant [P.] 1874:16 [Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris (Zoologie et Paléontologie) (Sér. 6) v. 1 (art. 5); ref. 15665] Central and north China. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-3931 (2), 0000-4655 (9). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:95 [ref. 19574]. •Synonym of Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski 1869) -- (Vasil'eva et al. 2003:450 [ref. 27169], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:109 [ref. 28183], Kottelat 2006:58 [ref. 28831], Kottelat 2012:36 [ref. 32367], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:669 [ref. 34853] with question). •Valid as Misgurnus bipartitus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) -- (Chen 1981:29 [ref. 8242], Zhu 1995:128 [ref. 25213], Wang et al. 2001:177 [ref. 26566], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:337 [ref. 30085], Jung et al. 2021:219 [ref. 38644], Zhang et al. 2021:418 [ref. 38246]). Current status: Valid as Misgurnus bipartitus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874). Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: northern China (north of the Haihe River), Russia and Japan; introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater.

birmanicus, Lepidocephalus guntea Rendahl [H.] 1948:64, Figs. 30-31 [Arkiv för Zoologi v. 40 A (no. 7); ref. 19694] Shweli River, 24 miles east of 24°N, 96°E, Sagaing Division, Myanmar. Holotype: NRM 20829. Paratypes: NRM 10821 (1), 10829 (3), 23182-83 (2, 2), 33185 (1). •Synonym of Lepidocephalus guntea (Hamilton 1822) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:525 [ref. 20764]). •Synonym of Lepidocephalus berdmorei (Blyth 1860) -- (Menon 1992:72 [ref. 23970], Menon 1999:160 [ref. 24904]). •Valid as Lepidocephalichthys birmanicus (Rendahl 1948) -- (Rainboth 1996:137 [ref. 22772]). •Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys berdmorei (Blyth 1860) -- (Kottelat & Lim 1992:205 [ref. 21291], Kottelat 2001:90 [ref. 25780] as burmanicus, Havird & Page 2010:145 [ref. 30739], Kottelat 2012:32 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys berdmorei (Blyth 1860). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

bispinosa, Canthophrys (Somileptes) Swainson [W.] 1839:311 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Based on Ham. p. 351 -- which is Hamilton 1822:351 [ref. 2031]. Unneeded new name for Cobitis gongota Hamilton 1822. The genus is Canthophrys in Swainson; misspelling of S. bispinosus on p. 311. •Synonym of Somileptes gongota (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1999:167 [ref. 24904]). •Synonym of Somileptus gongota (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1992:99 [ref. 23970]). •Synonym of Canthophrys gongota (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 2012:23 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Canthophrys gongota (Hamilton 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

bitaimac, Pangio Tan [H. H.] & Kottelat [M.] 2009:59, Fig. 43 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 20 (no. 1); ref. 30261] Sungai Alai, Jambi, Sumatra, from aquarium fish collectors. Holotype: MZB 10997. Paratypes: CMK 11189 (3), 17813 (6), 20840 (15); MZB 10998 (15); ZRC 29161 (7), 42036 (16), 43230 (1). Plus non-type material. Name is a noun in apposition. •Valid as Pangio bitaimac Tan & Kottelat 2009 -- (Hadiaty & Kottelat 2009:68 [ref. 30302], Kottelat 2012:38 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:182 [ref. 32989], Anoop et al. 2019:149 [ref. 37005]). Current status: Valid as Pangio bitaimac Tan & Kottelat 2009. Cobitidae. Distribution: Batang Hari drainage, Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

biwae, Cobitis Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1901:748 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 23 (no. 1235); ref. 2504] Near Nagasaki, Japan. Lectotype: RMNH 2703. Paralectotypes: RMNH 36368 (7). Replacement name for Cobitis taenia japonica Temminck & Schlegel 1846, preoccupied by Cobitis japonica Houttuyn 1782. Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:167 [ref. 12876] for japonica. •Valid as Cobitis biwae Jordan & Snyder 1901 -- (Kuroda 1953:277 [ref. 39545], Okada 1961:555 [ref. 6363], Sawada & Azizawa 1983:318 [ref. 27179], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:58 [ref. 6441], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:392 [ref. 25598], Sato 1995:51 [ref. 25531], Watanabe 1998:263 [ref. 23491], Shimizu et al. 1998:381 [ref. 23635], Sato et al. 1998:37 [ref. 24972], Mizuno et al. 1999:6 [ref. 25311], Nakabo 2000:274 [ref. 25086], Matsuura et al. 2000:162 [ref. 26000], Kitagawa et al. 2001:250 [ref. 25686], Nakabo 2002:274 [ref. 26001], Kottelat 2012:24 [ref. 32367], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Nakajima 2016:125 [ref. 34247], Chen & Chen 2016:388 [ref. 34890], Tan et al. 2019:172 [ref. 36712]). Replacement Name. Current status: Valid as Cobitis biwae Jordan & Snyder 1901. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

borneensis, Acanthophthalmus Boulenger [G. A.] 1894:251 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 13 (no. 75) (art. 26); ref. 535] Baram River, Sarawak state, Borneo, East Malaysia. Syntypes: (several) BMNH 1889.7.31.14 (1), MNHN 1894-0018 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:91 [ref. 19574]. •Valid as Pangio borneensis (Boulenger 1894) -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:60 [ref. 23448]). •Questionably the same as Pangio shelfordii (Popta 1903) -- (Kottelat & Lim 1993:240 [ref. 21437], Kottelat & Lim 1996:237 [ref. 23210]). •Questionably the same as Pangio agma (Burridge 1992) -- (Kottelat 2012:37 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:182 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Pangio agma (Burridge 1992). Cobitidae. Distribution: Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

bosniaca, Cobitis aurata Karaman [M. S.] 1963:629, Fig. 1 [Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie v. 48 (no. 4); ref. 9040] Creeks Saturlija and Siroka Rijeka near Banja Luka, Vrba River basin, Bosnia-Herzegovina. Syntypes: MMNHS (144) apparently lost. •Synonym of Sabanejewia balcanica (Karaman 1922) -- (Kottelat 1997:91 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi 1863) -- (Kottelat 2012:41 [ref. 32367], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:159 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi 1863). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

brachysoma, Cobitis Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.] in Chen, Chen, He & Chen 2018:162, Figs. 8-17 [Zoological Systematics v. 43 (no. 2); ref. 35932] Suijiang River, tributary of the Pearl River, Guangning County, Guangdong, China, 23°64'N, 112°44'E, elevation 65 meters. Holotype: HU 1506334. Paratypes: HU. •Valid as Cobitis brachysoma Chen & Chen 2018. Current status: Valid as Cobitis brachysoma Chen & Chen 2018. Cobitidae. Distribution: Suijiang, Zengjiang and Nalongjiang River drainages, Guangdong, China. Habitat: freshwater.

brevifasciata, Niwaella Kim [I.-S.] & Lee [W.-O.] 1995:285, Figs. 1-3 [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 42 (nos 3/4); ref. 22178] Koûp stream, Yamag-ri, Pungyang-myon, Kohûng-gun, Chollanam-do, Korea, 34°34'06"N, 127°14'46"E. Holotype: CNU 19907. Paratypes: CNU 19889-90 (2), 19894 (1), 18943 (1), 18948 (1), 18950-52 (3), 18957 (1), 19909 (1), 19900-02 (3); NSMT-P 46666-68 (3). •Valid as Niwaella brevifasciata Kim & Lee 1995 -- (Kim 1997:314 [ref. 24032], Choi et al. 2003:178, 522 [ref. 26218]). •Valid as Choia brevifasciata (Kim & Lee 1995) -- (Kim et al. 1997:192 [ref. 24117]). •Valid as Kichulchoia brevifasciata (Kim & Lee 1995) -- (Kim et al. 1999:374 [ref. 25348], Kim & Park 2002:232 [ref. 25913], Kim 2009:17 [ref. 30457], Kottelat 2012:31 [ref. 32367]). •Valid as Cobitis brevifasciata (Kim & Lee 1995) -- (Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis brevifasciata (Kim & Lee 1995). Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia: southern Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

brevipinna, Niwaella Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.] in Chen, He, Chen & Chen 2017:498, Figs. 18-23 [Zoological Systematics v. 42 (no. 4); ref. 35645] Dongshaoxi River (a tributary of the Shaoxi River), Lin'an, Zhejiang, China, 30°24'N, 119°68'E. Holotype: HU 1608312. Paratypes: HU. •Valid as Cobitis brevipinna (Chen & Chen 2017). Current status: Valid as Cobitis brevipinna (Chen & Chen 2017). Cobitidae. Distribution: Shaoxi River basin, east China. Habitat: freshwater.

bruinen, Acantopsis Boyd [D. A.], So [N.], Thach [P.] & Page [L. M.] 2018:[3], Figs. 1, 2a [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 29 (no. 1) IEF-1096; ref. 36347] Tonle Kong River 10 km upstream of confluence with Mekong River, Stung Treng, Cambodia, 13°36'34"N, 106°05'32"E. Holotype: UF 190188. Paratypes: IFREDI, THNHM, UF. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Acantopsis bruinen Boyd, So, Thach & Page 2018 -- (Taki et al. 2021:192 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Acantopsis bruinen Boyd, So, Thach & Page 2018. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Mekong, Mae Khlong and Tapi River basins, Thailand, Laos and Cambodia. Habitat: freshwater.

bulgarica, Cobitis Drensky [P.] 1928:171, Fig. 5 (no. 2) [Izvestija na Carskite Prirodonaucni Instituti va Sofija = Mitteilungen aus den Königlichen Naturwissenschaftlichen Instituten in Sofia, Bulgraien = Bulletin des Institutions Royales d'Histoire Naturelle à Sofia, Bulgarie v. 1; ref. 15891] Small tributaris of Danube River in Widdin [Vidin] and Danube mainstream at Krai Panaira, Bulgaria. Lectotype: NRM 10432 (1 of 2, 72 mm SL). Paralectotypes: NMW 48624 (2), NRM 10432 (1 of 2). Lectotype desigated by Kottelat & Freyhof 2009:81 [ref. 30320]. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758 -- (Berg 1949:891 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Cobitis aurata (De Filippi 1863), but a valid subspecies -- (Lelek 1987:250 [ref. 22962]). •Valid as Cobitis bulgarica Drensky 1928 -- (Sivkov & Dobrovolov 1986:3 [ref. 8038], Michajlova 1989:23 [ref. 20062]). •Valid as Sabanejewia bulgarica (Drensky 1928) -- (Kottelat 1997:92 [ref. 22952], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:744 [ref. 24702], Vasil'eva 1998:103 [ref. 23591], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:173 [ref. 28369], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:324 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:42 [ref. 32367], Fedočák et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40768]). Current status: Valid as Sabanejewia bulgarica (Drensky 1928). Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeast Europe: Danube River system, Bulgaria to Bosnia and Herzegowina. Habitat: freshwater.

buphoensis, Misgurnus Kim [R. T.] & Park [S. Y.] 1995:54, Fig. 1 [Bulletin of Academy of Sciences of the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea. v. 1; ref. 23596] Bupori, Sonbong Country, North Hamgyong Province, Korea. Holotype: CMIZASDPRK 93-65. Paratypes: CMIZASDPRK 93-66 (1), plus 6 additional specimens. •Mention -- (Vasil'eva 1998:101 [ref. 23591]). •Questionably the same as Misgurnus nikolskyi Vasil'eva 2001 -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2008:337 [ref. 30085]). •Valid as Misgurnus buphoensis Kim & Park 1995 -- (Reshetnikov et al. 1997:744 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:108 [ref. 28183], Interesova et al. 2010:281 [ref. 31016], Kottelat 2012:36 [ref. 32367], Parin et al. 2014:102 [ref. 33547], Dyldin et al. 2020:92, 95 [ref. 37569], Shedko & Vasil'eva 2022:10 [ref. 39201]). Current status: Valid as Misgurnus buphoensis Kim & Park 1995. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

calderoni, Cobitis Băcescu [M. C.] 1962:440, Figs. 3A-C; Pls. 1(2-3), 2 (6-8) [Revue de Biologie, Académie de la République Populaire Roumaine, Bucarest v. 6 (no. 4) [for 1961]; ref. 6454] Río Arlanzón, tributary of Río Duero (Atlantic basin), at Cardena-Jimeno and "La Gravera", Spain. Holotype: MGAB 49415 [ex MGAB 7]. Paratypes: MGAB 7 (59, with holotype); MOM 0091-2512 (3). Additional material: BMNH 1964.12.23.1-2 (2) Toja River. Specific locality for holotype unknown (see Kottelat 1997:87 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies -- (Lelek 1987:247 [ref. 22962]). •Valid as Cobitis calderoni Băcescu 1962 -- (Kottelat 1997:87 [ref. 22952] with genus tentative, Leunda et al. 29210:13 [ref. 29210], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:306 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:25 [ref. 32367], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Doadrio et al. 2023:[19] [ref. 40299]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis calderoni Băcescu 1962. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southwestern Europe: northern Portugal and northern Spain. Habitat: freshwater.

carnaticus, Cobitis Jerdon [T. C.] 1849:331 [Madras Journal of Literature and Science v. 15 (pt 2); ref. 4902] Carnatic, southern India. No types known. •Synonym of Lepidocephalus thermalis (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Menon 1992:60 [ref. 23970], Menon 1999:164 [ref. 24904]). •Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys thermalis (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Havird & Page 2010:154 [ref. 30739], Kottelat 2012:34 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys thermalis (Valenciennes 1846). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

caspia, Cobitis Eichwald [C. E. von] 1838:133 [Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou v. 11; ref. 18063] Caspian Sea at Lenkoran, Azerbaidjan. No types known. Also appeared as new in Eichwald 1838:98 [ref. 34622]. •Valid as Cobitis caspia Eichwald 1838 -- (Berg 1949:897 [ref. 20661], Mitrofanov & Dukravec 1989:66 [ref. 37748], Coad 1995:21 [ref. 23608], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869]). •Valid as Sabanejewia caspia (Eichwald 1838) -- (Vasil'eva 1998:103 [ref. 23591], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:744 [ref. 24702], Nalbant & Bianco 1998:120 [ref. 23810], Fricke et al. 2007:50 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:321 [ref. 29996], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2012:205 [ref. 31976], Kottelat 2012:42 [ref. 32367], Esmaeili et al. 2010:372 [ref. 33391], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:882 [ref. 34062], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Esmaeili et al. 2017:61 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:41 [ref. 36089], Sayyadzadeh et al. 2019:284 [ref. 36752], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:160 [ref. 37983], Kaya et al. 2020:328 [ref. 37582], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[4] [ref. 37535], Vasil'eva et al. 2022:10 [ref. 39491] in subgenus Andrzewia, Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2023:[10] [ref. 40114], Çiçek et al. 2024:60 [ref. 40789], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2024:[5] [ref. 40732]). Current status: Valid as Sabanejewia caspia (Eichwald 1838). Cobitidae. Distribution: Eurasia: southwestern and southern Caspian Sea watersheds. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

cataractus, Lepidocephalus Fowler [H. W.] 1939:60, Fig. 10 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 91; ref. 17188] Waterfall at Trang, Thailand. Holotype: ANSP 68470. Paratypes: ANSP 68471-85 (15). Additional material (205). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:63 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys berdmorei (Blyth 1860) -- (Kottelat & Lim 1992:205 [ref. 21291], Kottelat 2001:89 [ref. 25780], Havird & Page 2010:145 [ref. 30739], Kottelat 2012:32 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:179 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys berdmorei (Blyth 1860). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

caucasica, Cobitis Berg [L. S.] 1906:37, Fig. [Izvestija Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk, prodaetsja u Kommissionerov Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk St. Petersburg. [= Bulletin de l'Academy Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg.] (Sér. 5) v. 24 (nos 1-2); ref. 15645] Sagdan [Saagdan], Gr. Laba River, upper Kuban River, northern Caucasus, Russia. Lectotype: ZIN 8560 [now at ZISP]. Paralectotypes: ZIN (6) [ex ZMMU] trib. of Terek R., Mus. Kazan Univ. (1) Terek R. The description and figure are based on the specimen ZISP 8560; that specimen selected as lectotype by Eschmeyer 1998:341 [ref. 23416]. •Valid as Cobitis caucasica Berg 1906 -- (Berg 1949:896 [ref. 20661], Coad 1995:21 [ref. 23608]). •Valid as Sabanejewia caucasica (Berg 1906) -- (Reshetnikov et al. 1997:745 [ref. 24702], Vasil'eva 1998:103 [ref. 23591], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:45 [ref. 26178], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:110 [ref. 28183], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:324 [ref. 29996], Esmaeili et al. 2010:372 [ref. 33391], Kottelat 2012:42 [ref. 32367], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:882 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2017:61 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:41 [ref. 36089], Dyldin et al. 2020:106 [ref. 37569], Vasil'eva et al. 2022:12 [ref. 39491], Dyldin et al. 2023:[7] [ref. 40328], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2023:[10] [ref. 40114], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2024:[5] [ref. 40732]). Current status: Valid as Sabanejewia caucasica (Berg 1906). Cobitidae. Distribution: Eurasia: Caspian Sea basin, Terek and Khaidon River basins (Russia and ?Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

caudofurcatus, Lepidocephalus Tilak [R.] & Husain [A.] 1978:60, Figs. 1-3 [Matsya No. 3 [for 1977]; ref. 8780] Kalapani nala, Rishikesh, Dehra Dun District, Uttar Pradesh, India. Holotype: ZSI/NRS V-1186. Paratypes: ZSI/NRS V-1187 (2). See Das 2003:352 [ref. 27706] with second author as Hussain. •Valid as Lepidocephalus caudofurcatus Tilak & Husain 1978 -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:523 [ref. 20764], Sen 1995:553 [ref. 23778], Karmakar 2000:32 [ref. 25662]). •Synonym of Lepidocephalus menoni (Pillai & Yazdani 1976) -- (Menon 1992:69 [ref. 23970], Sen 1999:199 [ref. 24750], Menon 1999:163 [ref. 24904]). •Probably a synonym of Lepidocephalichthys menoni Pillai & Yazdani 1976 -- (Arunkumar 2000:1093 [ref. 25767]). •Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys goalparensis (Pillai & Yazdani 1976) -- (Havird & Page 2010:148 [ref. 30739], Kottelat 2012:32 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys goalparensis Pillai & Yazdani 1976. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

cestoideus, Misgurnus Kessler [K. F.] 1876:34, Pl. 8 (fig. 5) [v. 2 (pt 4); ref. 2595] Nei-Mongol, Lake Dalai-Nor, China, elevation 4200 feet. Holotype (unique): ZIN 2488. •Synonym of Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski 1869) -- (Vasil'eva et al. 2003:450 [ref. 27169], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:109 [ref. 28183], Kottelat 2006:58 [ref. 28831], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:337 [ref. 30085] with question, Kottelat 2012:36 [ref. 32367], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:669 [ref. 34853]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski 1869). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

chipisaniensis, Misgurnus Shedko [S. V.] & Vasil'eva [E. D.] 2022:4, Figs. 1-2 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 62 (no. 3); ref. 39201] Channel between Bol'shoye Chibisanskoye and Maloye Vavaiskoye Lakes, Aniva Bay basin, Sakhalin Island, Russia, 46°36'44"N, 143°08'50"E. Holotype: ZMMU P-24458. Paratypes: FSCEATB (2), ZMMU P-24459 (3). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Misgurnus chipisaniensis Shedko & Vasil'eva 2022 -- (Dyldin et al. 2023:[5] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Misgurnus chipisaniensis Shedko & Vasil'eva 2022. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: southern Sakhalin Island (Russia), and probably Hokkaido and northeastern Honshu (Japan). Habitat: freshwater.

choerorhynchus, Acanthopsis Günther [A.] 1868:365 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Unjustified emendation of Cobitis choirorhynchos Bleeker 1854. •Synonym of Acantopsis dialuzona van Hasselt 1823. Current status: Synonym of Acantopsis dialuzona van Hasselt 1823. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

choii, Cobitis Kim [I.-S.] & Son [Y.-M.] 1984:50, Fig. 1 [Korean Journal of Zoology v. 27 (no. 1); ref. 17435] Miheo-cheon stream, tributary of the Geum River at Yeocheon-ri, Ochang-myon, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbug-do Province, Korea. Holotype: CNU [CNUC] 4854. Paratypes: CNU 4847-4848 (2), 4850-4851 (2), 5028-5030 (3), 5039 (1), 5041 (1), 5043 (1), 5045 (1), 5056 (1), 5060 (1). •Valid as Iksookimia choii (Kim & Son 1984) -- (Kim & Park 1997:252 [ref. 23149], Kim 1997:296 [ref. 24032], Kim et al. 1999:172 [ref. 25431], Kim & Park 2002:212 [ref. 25913], Choi et al. 2003:177, 520 [ref. 26218], Kottelat 2006:89 [ref. 28831]). •Valid as Cobitis choii Kim & Son 1984 -- (Reshetnikov et al. 1997:743 [ref. 24702], Vasil'eva 1998:97 [ref. 23591], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 1998:605 [ref. 24120], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:44 [ref. 26178], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:336 [ref. 30085], Kim 2009:9 [ref. 30457], Kottelat 2012:25 [ref. 32367], Chen et al. 2013:380 [ref. 32679], Perdices et al. 2014:35 [ref. 35463], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Chen & Chen 2016:390 [ref. 34890], Vasil'eva et al. 2016:589 [ref. 34979], Tan et al. 2019:172 [ref. 36712], Dyldin et al. 2020:92, 94 [ref. 37569], Dyldin et al. 2023:[4] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis choii Kim & Son 1984. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Russia, Mongolia and China to Korean Peninsula. Habitat: freshwater.

choirorhynchos, Cobitis Bleeker [P.] 1854:95 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 16939] Confluence of Lamatang and Enim rivers, eastern Sumatra, Palembang Province, Indonesia. Lectotype: RMNH 4977. Paralectotypes and/or Bleeker specimens: AMS B.7533 (1), BMNH 1866.5.2.39 (1), RMNH 2397 (2). Spelled choirorrhynchus in Bleeker 1863:9 [ref. 4859]. Lectotype selected by Alfred 1961:33 [ref. 20552]. •Valid as Acantopsis choirorhynchos (Bleeker 1854) -- (Roberts 1989:97 [ref. 6439], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:518 [ref. 20764], Ye in Pan et al. 1991:252 [ref. 23876] as Acanthopsis, Menon 1992:102 [ref. 23970], Zhu 1995:126 [ref. 25213] as Acanthopsis choirorhyrchos, Sontirat 1999:67 [ref. 23935], Vishwanath & Laisram 2005:434 [ref. 28250], Zhang et al. 2016:151 [ref. 34477]). •Synonym of Acanthopsis dialuzona van Hasselt 1823 -- (Kottelat 2012:22 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:177 [ref. 32989], Boyd et al. 2017:163 [ref. 35656]). Current status: Synonym of Acantopsis dialuzona van Hasselt 1823. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

cinnamomea, Cobitis McClelland [J.] 1839:304, 435, Pl. 51 (fig. 5b) [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Unneeded replacement name for and objective synonym of Cobitis pangia Hamilton 1822 (see Opinion 1695). •Synonym of Acanthophthalmus pangia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1992:87 [ref. 23970]). •Synonym of Pangio pangia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1999:166 [ref. 24904] as pangio, Britz & Maclaine 2007:24 [ref. 29149], Kottelat 2012:39 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:183 [ref. 32989]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Pangio pangia (Hamilton 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

cirrhifurcata, Cobitis Dabry de Thiersant [P.] 1872:191, Pl. 49 (fig. 2) [La pisciculture et la pêche en Chine; ref. 12507] Lakes of inner China and Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. No types known. •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Vasil'eva 2001:589 [ref. 25617], Kottelat 2012:35 [ref. 32367] with question, Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989] with question). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

conspersa, Cobitis taenia var. Cantoni [E.] 1882:364, Pl. 1(fig. 3) [Rendiconti, Reale Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e Lettere. Ser. 2. v. 15; ref. 17331] Pavia, Italy. No types known. •Synonym of Sabanejewia larvata (De Filippi 1859) -- (Kottelat 1997:92 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2012:42 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Sabanejewia larvata (De Filippi 1859). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

coromandelensis, Lepidocephalus Menon [A. G. K.] 1992:67, Pl. 4 (fig. 7), Pl. 6 (fig.1); Fig 4 [The fauna of India and the adjacent countries; ref. 23970] Araku valley, Andhra Pradesh, India. Holotype: SRS/ZSI F3369. Paratypes: SRS/ZSI F3370 (22); plus non-type material. •Valid as Lepidocephalus coromandelensis Menon 1992 -- (Menon 1999:160 [ref. 24904]). •Valid as Lepidocephalichthys coromandelensis (Menon 1992) -- (Havird & Page 2010:154 [ref. 30739], Harant & Bohlen 2010:2444 [ref. 31092], Kottelat 2012:32 [ref. 32367], Bleher 2018:302 [ref. 36647]). Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys coromandelensis (Menon 1992). Cobitidae. Distribution: Peninsular India. Habitat: freshwater.

crassicauda, Cobitis Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.] 2013:88, Figs. 3A, 3C, 4 [Folia Zoologica: international journal of vertebrate zoology. v. 62 (no. 2); ref. 32990] Jiangxi Province, Yujiang County, the River Xinjiang drainage, 28°12′N, 116°49′E, China. Holotype: IHB 9607027. Paratypes: all at IHB. •Valid as Cobitis crassicauda Chen & Chen 2013 -- (Chen et al. 2015:15 [ref. 35710], Tan et al. 2019:169 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis crassicauda Chen & Chen 2013. Cobitidae. Distribution: Xinjiang drainage, Jiangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

crossochilus, Misgurnus Sauvage [H.-E.] 1878:89 [4] [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 2; ref. 3878] High mountains of Kaoten, 27°51'N, 117°48'E, China. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-9822 (4). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:95-96 [ref. 19574]. On p. 4 of separate. •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Chen 1981:28 [ref. 8242], Kottelat 2012:35 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

cucura, Cobitis Hamilton [F.] 1822:352, 394 [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Nathpur, Kosi River, Uttar Pradesh, India. No types known. Information on type locality see Britz 2019:46 [ref. 37532]. Hamilton's original, unpublished illustration reproduced by Britz 2019:Pl. 218 [ref. 37532]. •Synonym of Somileptes gongota (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1999:167 [ref. 24904]). •Synonym of Somileptus gongota (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1992:99 [ref. 23970], Kottelat 1998:118 [ref. 25861]). •Synonym of Canthophrys gongota (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 2012:23 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Canthophrys gongota (Hamilton 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

cuneovirgatus, Acanthophthalmus Raut [H.] 1957:30, Figs. 4, 5 (lower), 6 [Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift (DATZ) v. 10 (no. 2); ref. 12164] Johore, southern Malaysia. Holotype: ZMB 21332. Paratypes: ZMB 21333 (1). •Valid as Acanthophthalmus cuneovirgatus Raut 1957 -- (Burridge 1992:177 [ref. 19452]). •Valid as Pangio cuneovirgata (Raut 1957) -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:60 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Lim 1993:215 [ref. 21437], Doi 1997:15 [ref. 22832], Ng & Tan 1999:356 [ref. 24159], Kottelat 2012:38 [ref. 32367], Valis'eva & Vasil'ev 2012:664 [ref. 32477], Kottelat 2013:182 [ref. 32989], Ng et al. 2019:520 [ref. 36606]). Current status: Valid as Pangio cuneovirgata (Raut 1957). Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

dabryanus, Paramisgurnus Guichenot [A.] in Dabry de Thiersant 1872:191, Pl. 49 (fig. 6) [La pisciculture et la pêche en Chine; ref. 12507] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5087. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:100 [ref. 19574]. •Valid as Paramisgurnus dabryanus Guichenot 1872 -- (Chen 1981:29 [ref. 8242], Ding 1994:120 [ref. 21531], Zhu 1995:128 [ref. 25213], Kottelat 2001:51 [ref. 25482], Vasil'eva 2001:584 [ref. 25617], Vasil'eva et al. 2003:452 [ref. 27169], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:109 [ref. 28183], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:319 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:40 [ref. 32367], Zhang et al. 2016:153 [ref. 34477], Zhang et al. 2019:417 [ref. 36699], Dyldin et al. 2020:98 [ref. 37569], Fu et al. 2021:9567 [ref. 39347], Guo 2021:684 [ref. 38618], Shedko & Vasil'eva 2022:12 [ref. 39201]). •Valid as Misgurnus dabryanus (Guichenot 1872) -- (Zhang et al. 2021:421 [ref. 38246], Chan et al. 2023:134 [ref. 40365], Chen et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40668], Dyldin et al. 2023:[6] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Misgurnus dabryanus (Guichenot 1872). Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: central and southern China and Taiwan. Introduced in Spain, Russia, northern China and Hong Kong (China). Habitat: freshwater.

dabryanus, Paramisgurnus Sauvage [H.-E.] (ex Guichenot) 1878:90 [5] [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 2; ref. 3878] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5087. On p. 5 of separate. Apparently described independent of Guichenot in Dabry de Thiersant 1872. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Paramisgurnus dabryanus Guichenot 1872. •Valid as Paramisgurnus dabryanus Sauvage 1878 -- (Cheng & Zhou 1997:201 [ref. 26385], Wang et al. 2001:180 [ref. 26566]). •Objective synonym of Paramisgurnus dabryanus Guichenot 1872 and based on same type specimen -- (Kottelat 2012:40 [ref. 32367]). •Objective synonym of Misgurnus dabryanus (Guichenot 1872). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus dabryanus (Guichenot 1872). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

dalmatina, Cobitis taenia Karaman [S.] 1928:163 [Glasnik Skopskog Nauchnog Drustva [Glasnik -- Bulletin de la Société Scientifique de Skopje]. v. 6; ref. 15903] Cetina River, Dalmatia, Croatia. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Also in Karaman 1929:173 [ref. 15904]. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Lelek 1987:247 [ref. 22962], Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079]). •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758 -- (Kottelat 1997:89 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Cobitis dalmatina Karaman 1928 -- (Freyhof & Stelbrink 2007:269 [ref. 29344], Mustafic et al. 2008:4 [ref. 29642], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:306 [ref. 29996], Zupančič 2008:60 [ref. 29926], Kottelat 2012:25 [ref. 32367], Buj et al. 2013:15, 23 [ref. 33367], Ćaleta et al. 2015:56 [ref. 34877], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Tutman et al. 2018:219 [ref. 35876], Ćaleta et al. 2019:147 [ref. 37026]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis dalmatina Karaman 1928. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Cetina River drainage (Croatia). Habitat: freshwater.

damlae, Cobitis Erk'akan [F.] & Özdemir [F.] 2014:275, Figs. 1, 3-4, 8 [Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 42 (no. 2); ref. 33489] Dalaman Stream, Burdur Province, 37°08'55.66"N, 29°39'42.57"E, Turkey. Holotype (unique): HUIC 1. •Valid as Cobitis damlae Erk'akan & Özdemir 2014 -- (Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341], Çiçek et al. 2018:16 [ref. 36267]). •Synonym of Cobitis fahireae Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant 1998 -- (Freyhof et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36385], Çiçek et al. 2024:50 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis fahireae Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant 1998. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

danubialis, Cobitis taenia Nalbant [T. T.] (ex Băcescu) 1993:109, Fig. 29-33 [Revue Roumaine de Biologie, Série de Biologie Animale v. 38 (no. 2); ref. 21345] Mures River at Sarmas, Harghita, Transilvania, Romania. Holotype: MGAB 49923. Paratypes: ISBB 2902 (5), 3021 (5), 4168 (6), 4501 (1), MGAB 49924 (3). •Synonym of Cobitis elongatoides Băcescu & Mayer 1969 -- (Kottelat 1997:88 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2012:25 [ref. 32367], Tutman et al. 2018:217 [ref. 35876]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis elongatoides Băcescu & Mayer 1969. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

decemcirrosus, Cobitis Basilewsky [S.] 1855:239, Pl. 7 (fig. 2) [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] Near Beijing, China. No types at ZIN. •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842), but a valid subspecies -- (Menon 1992:52 [ref. 23970]). •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Berg 1949:901 [ref. 20661], Chen 1981:28 [ref. 8242], Vasil'eva 1998:101 [ref. 23591], Vasil'eva 2001:589 [ref. 25617], Kottelat 2012:35 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

delicata, Cobitis Niwa [H.] 1937:72, Figs. 1-2 [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 49 (no. 2); ref. 15293] Agi River, branch stream of Kiso River, central Japan. Holotype: not researched. Paratypes: whereabouts unknown. •Valid as Niwaella delicata (Niwa 1937) -- (Okada 1961:564 [ref. 6363], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:58 [ref. 6441], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:395 [ref. 25598], Kim & Lee 1995:289 [ref. 22178], Watanabe 1998:263 [ref. 23491], Shimizu et al. 1998:381 [ref. 23635], Nakabo 2000:273 [ref. 25086], Matsuura et al. 2000:177 [ref. 26000], Son & He 2001:4 [ref. 25331], Nakabo 2002:273 [ref. 26001], Chen & Chen 2005:1645 [ref. 28174], Kottelat 2012:37 [ref. 32367]). •Valid as Cobitis delicata Niwa 1937 -- (Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis delicata Niwa 1937. Cobitidae. Distribution: Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

delphax, Acanthopsoides Siebert [D. J.] 1991:105, Fig. 6 [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 38 (no. 2); ref. 20084] Salween River at Mae Sahm, west of Mae Sariang, Thailand. Holotype: USNM 229043. Paratypes: USNM 305219 (1), ZSM 4932 (3), plus non-types. •Valid as Aperioptus delphax (Siebert 1991) -- (Page & Tangjitjaroen 2015:179 [ref. 33815], Taki et al. 2021:190 [ref. 39830]). •Valid as Acanthopsoides delphax Siebert 1991 -- (Rainboth 1996:135 [ref. 22772], Doi 1997:14 [ref. 22832], Kottelat 1998:91 [ref. 23436], Kottelat 2001:86 [ref. 25780], Kottelat 2012:21 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:177 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2015:45 [ref. 33971]). Current status: Valid as Acanthopsoides delphax Siebert 1991. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Salween, Chao Phraya and Mekong River basins, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos and Cambodia. Habitat: freshwater.

derzhavini, Cobitis Vasil’eva [E. D.], Solovyeva [E. N.], Levin [B. A.] & Vasil’ev [V. P.] 2020:142, Figs. 4-10, 13 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 60 (no. 2); ref. 37810] Tributary of Kara-Su River at Tsadokhly, Ganja-Qazakh region, Azerbaijan, 41°22'48.6"N, 45°09'24.5"E. Holotype: ZMMU P-24184. Paratypes: ZMMU P-24183 (10 + 7). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Cobitis derzhavini Vasil’eva, Solovyeva, Levin & Vasil’ev 2020 -- (Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[4] [ref. 37535], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2020:559 [ref. 37827]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis derzhavini Vasil’eva, Solovyeva, Levin & Vasil’ev 2020. Cobitidae. Distribution: Eurasia: Lower Kura River drainage, Azerbaijan. Habitat: freshwater.

dialuzona, Acantopsis van Hasselt [J. C.] 1823:133 [Algemeene Konst- en Letter-bode voor het Jaar II Deel (no. 35); ref. 5963] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: RMNH 2707 (1). Type information: Roberts 1993:23 [ref. 21799]. Regarded as available (see Alfred 1961:86 [ref. 20553], Kottelat 1987:372 [ref. 5962]). Also in van Hasselt 1824:377 [ref. 5964]. •Valid as Acantopsis dialuzona van Hasselt 1823 -- (Roberts 1989:99 [ref. 6439], Siebert 1991:912 [ref. 20043], Kottelat et al. 1993:58 [ref. 23448], Roberts 1993:23 [ref. 21799], Doi 1997:14 [ref. 22832], Ng & Tan 1999:356 [ref. 24159], Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:157 [ref. 28284] as cf. dialuzona, Kottelat 2012:22 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:177 [ref. 32989], Boyd et al. 2017:163 [ref. 35656], Boyd et al. 2018:[7] [ref. 36347], Ng et al. 2019:519 [ref. 36606], Fu et al. 2021:9567 [ref. 39347], Hasan et al. 2022:6035 [ref. 39888]). Current status: Valid as Acantopsis dialuzona van Hasselt 1823. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Java, Borneo, Sumatra, Malaya (Malaysia), southern Thailand, Yunnan (China). Habitat: freshwater.

dibruensis, Lepidocephalus Sen [T. K.] 1979:35, Figs. 1, 2 a. [Bulletin of the Zoological Survey of India v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 8666] Dibru River, Guijan, 60 kilometers from Dibrugarh, Assam, India. Holotype: ZSI FF1203. Paratypes: ZSI FF1204 (1). See Das 2003:353 [ref. 27706]. •Synonym of Lepidocephalus guntea (Hamilton 1822) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:525 [ref. 20764], Menon 1992:57 [ref. 23970], Menon 1999:162 [ref. 24904]). •Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton 1822) -- (Havird & Page 2010:153 [ref. 30739], Kottelat 2012:33 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:180 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

dichachrous, Cobitichthys Bleeker [P.] 1860:89, Pl. 2 (fig. 2) [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 8 (art. 1); ref. 374] Tokyo, Japan. Syntype: BMNH 1866.5.2.96 (1). •Synonym of Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Okada 1961:534 [ref. 6363]). •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Chen 1981:28 [ref. 8242], Kottelat 2012:35 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989], Nakajima & Hashiguchi 2022:537 [ref. 39389]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

dinema, Acantopsis Boyd [D. A.] & Page [L. M.] in Boyd, Nithirojpakdee, Deein, Vidthayanon, Grudpan et al. 2017:177, Figs. 5B-C, 15B, 17 [Zootaxa 4341 (no. 2); ref. 35656] Ta Wang River on Rt. 2112, 4 km S of Rt. 2337, Mekong River drainage, Ubon Ratchathani Province, Pho Sai District, Thailand, 15.793N, 105.376E. Holotype: THNHM F0013611 (ex. UF 188225). Paratypes: ANSP, INHS, NIFI, UF, ZRC. •Valid as Acantopsis dinema Boyd & Page 2017 -- (Boyd et al. 2018:[7] [ref. 36347], Taki et al. 2021:192 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Acantopsis dinema Boyd & Page 2017. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Tapi, Mae Klong and Mekong River basins, Thailand, Laos and Cambodia. Habitat: freshwater.

doiranica, Sabanejewia aurata Economidis [P. S.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1996:318 [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 36; ref. 23723] Lake Doirani, Macedonia, Greece. Holotype: MZUT 1989-116. Paratypes: ISBB 4580 (16), MZUT 1989-102 (5). Appeared first without distinguishing features in Economidis 1995:211 [ref. 23025]. •Questionably a synonym of Sabanejewia balcanica (Karaman 1922) -- (Kottelat 1997:91 [ref. 22952]). •Questionably a synonym of Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi 1863) -- (Kottelat 2012:41-42 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Uncertain as Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi 1863). Cobitidae. Distribution: Greece. Habitat: freshwater.

dolichorhynchus, Cobitis Nichols [J. T.] 1918:16 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 31; ref. 3171] Futsing, Fukien Province, China. Holotype (unique): AMNH 7026. Non-types: NRM 15480 [ex AMNH 11123] (1). •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies -- (Mai 1978:225 [ref. 13511] as dolychorhynchus). •Synonym of Cobitis sinensis Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874 -- (Chen 1981:24 [ref. 8242], Kottelat 2001:50 [ref. 25482]). •Mention -- (Kottelat 1984:811 [ref. 11440]). •Valid as Cobitis dolichorhynchus Nichols 1918 -- (Kim et al. 1999:377 [ref. 25348], Freyhof & Serov 2000:214 [ref. 35928], Son & He 2005:238 [ref. 29190], Chen & Chen 2011:150 [ref. 31435], Chen et al. 2013:382 [ref. 32679], Chen & Chen 2013:94 [ref. 32990], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref.:32989], Chen et al. 2015:14 [ref. 35710], Tan et al. 2019:169 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis dolichorhynchus Nichols 1918. Cobitidae. Distribution: Jiulongjiang and Mulanxi River drainages, Fujian Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

dorademiri, Cobitis Erk'akan [F.], Özdemir [F.] & Özeren [S. C.] 2017:83, Fig. 1 [FishTaxa v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 35341] Balıklı stream, Köyceğiz Basin, Muğla province, Turkey. Holotype: HUIC-AKDY1. Paratypes: HUIC. •Valid as Cobitis dorademiri Erk'akan, Özdemir & Özeren 2017 -- (Çiçek et al. 2018:16 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:15 [ref. 36385], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Eagderi et al. 2022:419 [ref. 39387], Çiçek et al. 2023:334 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:48 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis dorademiri Erk'akan, Özdemir & Özeren 2017. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Lake Köyceğiz basin and lower Dalaman River drainage, Muğla Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

doriae, Eucirrhichthys Perugia [A.] 1892:1009 [1] [Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova (Serie 2) v. 12; ref. 3432] Sarawak state, Borneo, East Malaysia. Syntypes: MSNG 9231 (4 or 2, apparently lost), ZMA 114898 (1). Type catalog: Tortonese 1961:188 [ref. 10343], Nijssen et al. 1982:28 [ref. 19236]. On p. 1 of separate. •Valid as Pangio doriae (Perugia 1892) -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:60 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Lim 1993:217 [ref. 21437], Kottelat & Lim 1996:237 [ref. 23210], Doi 1997:15 [ref. 22832], Ng & Tan 1999:356 [ref. 24159], Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:158 [ref. 28284], Tan & Kottelat 2009:60 [ref. 30261], Kottelat 2012:38 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:182 [ref. 32989], Anoop et al. 2019:149 [ref. 37005]). Current status: Valid as Pangio doriae (Perugia 1892). Cobitidae. Distribution: Borneo, Malaysia. Habitat: freshwater.

elazigensis, Cobitis Coad [B. W.] & Sarieyyüpoglu [M.] 1988:426, Figs. 1-2 [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 34 (no. 4); ref. 9105] Creek at Cip, drainage of Murat Nehri, tributary of Euphrates River, Elazig Province, Turkey, 38°42'N, 39°05'E. Holotype: NMC 85-0679A. Paratypes: NMC 85-0679 (4), 85-0680 (4). •Provisionally a synonym of Cobitis simplicispina Hankó 1925 -- (Erk'akan et al. 1999:24 [ref. 25143]). •Valid as Cobitis elazigensis Coad & Sarieyyüpoglu 1988 -- (Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:21 [ref. 23608], Ludwig et al. 2001:388 [ref. 25216], Fricke et al. 2007:48 [ref. 29533], Kottelat 2012:25 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2017:124 [ref. 35196], Eagderi et al. 2017:52 [ref. 35199], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341], Çiçek et al. 2018:16 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:16 [ref. 36385], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Bayhan 2021:247 [ref. 40683], Çiçek et al. 2023:334 [ref. 40625], Saad et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40501], Çiçek et al. 2024:48 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis elazigensis Coad & Sarieyyüpoglu 1988. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Upper Euphrates River basin (Turkey, Iran and possibly Syria). Habitat: freshwater.

eleios, Lepidocephalichthys Kottelat [M.] 2017:708, Figs. 2-4 [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 65; ref. 35678] Nam Phaung Sin Chaung (stream) near Nam Phaung Sin village, about 1.5 km before entering Lake Indawgyi north of Lonton, Kachin State, Myanmar, 25°07'23"N, 96°17'15"E, elevation 175 meters. Holotype: MHNG 2768.058. Paratypes: CMK, ZRC. •Valid as Lepidocephalichthys eleios Kottelat 2017. Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys eleios Kottelat 2017. Cobitidae. Distribution: Lake Indawgyi basin, Irrawaddy River drainage, Kachin, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

elongata, Cobitis Heckel [J. J.] & Kner [R.] 1857:305, Fig. 164 [Die Süsswasserfische der Österreichischen Monarchie; ref. 2078] Sala River near Idria, Carniola, Slovinia. Syntypes: NMW 48609-10 (3, 2). •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758 -- (Berg 1949:890 [ref. 20661]). •Valid as Cobitis elongata Heckel & Kner 1857 -- (Sivkov & Dobrovolov 1986:3 [ref. 8038], Coad 1991:24 [ref. 15702], Kottelat 1997:88 [ref. 22952], Ludwig et al. 2001:388 [ref. 25216], Ivanova & Dobrovolov 2002:35 [ref. 26746], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:172 [ref. 28369], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:307 [ref. 29996], Ćaleta et al. 2015:21 [ref. 34877], Tutman et al. 2018:216 [ref. 35876], Ćaleta et al. 2019:147 [ref. 37026], Nagy et al. 2023:356 [ref. 40348]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis elongata Heckel & Kner 1857. Cobitidae. Distribution: Europe: Danube River drainage. Habitat: freshwater.

elongata, Pangio Britz [R.] & Maclaine [J. S.] 2007:18, Fig. 1 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 18 (no. 1); ref. 29149] Mouth of the Mingaw Kloh, Tenasserim, Myanmar. Holotype: BMNH 1992.11.16.13. Paratypes: BMNH 1893.2.16.69 (1), USNM 44774 (1). •Valid as Pangio elongata Britz & Maclaine 2007 -- (Kottelat 2012:38 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:182 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Pangio elongata Britz & Maclaine 2007. Cobitidae. Distribution: Tenasserim, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

elongatoides, Cobitis taenia Băcescu [M. C.] & Mayer [R.] 1969:60 [39] [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 9 (no. 1, art. 54); ref. 7715] Argesel River, Arges River drainage, Danube River basin, southern Carpathians, Romania. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Appeared first as Cobitis taenia var. elongatoïdes in Băcescu 1962:294 [ref. 23020] which Kottelat 1997:88 [ref. 22952] regards as infrasubspecific. Available as above. On p. 39 of English translation, misspelled as elangotoides in the Russian version on page 54. Second author also spelled Maier. •Valid as Cobitis elongatoides Băcescu & Mayer 1969 -- (Kottelat 1997:88 [ref. 22952], Hanel 2003:54 [ref. 27894], Bohlen et al. 2005:103 [ref. 28439], Hanel & Lusk 2005:279 [ref. 28804], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:307 [ref. 29996], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2017:124 [ref. 35196], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Tutman et al. 2018:217 [ref. 35876], Freyhof et al. 2018:72 [ref. 36385], Ćaleta et al. 2019:148 [ref. 37026], Delmastro et al. 2022:9 [ref. 39859], Nagy et al. 2023:356 [ref. 40348]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis elongatoides Băcescu & Mayer 1969. Cobitidae. Distribution: Europe: Danube River basin. Apparently introduced in northern Italy. Habitat: freshwater.

elongatus, Misgurnus Kimura [Sh.] 1934:158, Pl. 5 (fig. 1) [Journal of the Shanghai Science Institute Section 3, v. 1; ref. 16434] Shanghai, China. Holotype: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Chen 1981:29 [ref. 8242], Vasil'eva 2001:589 [ref. 25617], Kottelat 2012:36 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

emrei, Cobitis Freyhof [J.], Bayçelebi [E.] & Geiger [M. F.] 2018:52, Figs. 39-41 [Zootaxa 4535 (1); ref. 36385] Stream Kurtköy flowing to Lake Sapanca at Kurtköy, Adapazarı (Sakarya) province, Turkey, 40.713 30.175. Holotype: ZFMK ICH-099187. Paratypes: FSJF. •Valid as Cobitis emrei Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018 -- (Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:335 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:49 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis emrei Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Lake Sapanca basin (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

enalios, Cobitichthys Bleeker [P.] 1860:88, Pl. 2 (fig. 4) [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 8 (art. 1); ref. 374] Kaminoseki, Japan. Syntype: BMNH 1866.5.2.26 (1). •Synonym of Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Okada 1961:534 [ref. 6363]). •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Chen 1981:28 [ref. 8242], Kottelat 2012:35 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989], Nakajima & Hashiguchi 2022:537 [ref. 39389]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

erikssoni, Misgurnus Rendahl [H.] 1922:3 [Arkiv för Zoologi v. 15 (no. 4); ref. 15377] Djaggaste [possible Gassate or Dschagostai], Nei Mongol, China. Paratypes: (18) ? AMNH (2); NRM 10339 (13); MNHN 1933-0115 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:95 [ref. 19574]. •Synonym of Misgurnus bipartitus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) -- (Chen 1981:29 [ref. 8242]). •Valid as Misgurnus erikssoni Rendahl 1922 -- (Menon 1992:52 [ref. 23970]). •Synonym of Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski 1869) -- (Vasil'eva et al. 2003:450 [ref. 27169], Kottelat 2012:36 [ref. 32367], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:669 [ref. 34853]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski 1869). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

erkakanae, Cobitis Freyhof [J.], Bayçelebi [E.] & Geiger [M. F.] 2018:55, Figs. 42-44 [Zootaxa 4535 (1); ref. 36385] River connecting Lakes Gölbaşı and Azaplı west of Gölbaşı, Adıyaman province, Turkey, 37.790 37.626. Holotype: ZFMK ICH-98958. Paratypes: FSJF. •Valid as Cobitis erkakanae Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018 -- (Bayçelebi 2020:758 [ref. 37964], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:335 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:49 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis erkakanae Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Gölbaşı lakes basin (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

erythropterus, Cobitis Günther [A.] 1868:345 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Not available, name on specimen from Japan mentioned under Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. Nomen Nudum. Cobitidae.

evreni, Cobitis Erk'akan [F.], Özeren [S. C.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 2008:112, Figs. 1-2 [Journal of Fisheries International [electronic journal] v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 29860] Kömür Stream - Göksun-Kahramanmaras, Turkey, 38°00'52.24"N, 36°30'31.11"E. Holotype: HUIC-CEY-2. Paratypes: HUIC-CEY-2 (4). •Valid as Cobitis evreni Erk'akan, Özeren & Nalbant 2008 -- (Kottelat 2012:25 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341], Çiçek et al. 2018:16 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:16 [ref. 36385], Özdemir 2019:597 [ref. 36384], Bayçelebi 2020:758 [ref. 37964], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Eagderi et al. 2022:419 [ref. 39387], Çiçek et al. 2023:335 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:50 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis evreni Erk'akan, Özeren & Nalbant 2008. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: middle Ceyhan River basin (Mediterranean tributary), Kahramanmaraş Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

fahireae, Cobitis Erk'akan [F.], Atalay-Ekmekçi [F. G.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1998:10, Figs. 2A-E [Turkish Journal of Zoology v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 24119] Küçük Menderes River, Selçuk-Aydin, Turkey. Holotype: HUIC uncat. Paratypes: HUIC uncat. (28, 42, 19); ISBB 4684-86 (4, 1, 3). Spelled fahireae and felirae; Kottelat 2012:25 selected fahireae. •Valid as Cobitis fahirae Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant 1998 -- (Erk'akan et al. 1999:17 [ref. 25143], Ludwig et al. 2001:388 [ref. 25216] as fahireae, Fricke et al. 2007:48 [ref. 29533], Kottelat 2012:25 [ref. 32367] as fahireae, Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151] as fahirae, Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341], Çiçek et al. 2018:16 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36385], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644] as fahirae, Eagderi et al. 2022:419 [ref. 39387], Çiçek et al. 2023:336 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:50 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis fahireae Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant 1998. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: eastern Aegean Sea basin (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

faridpaki, Cobitis Mousavi-Sabet [H.], Vasil'eva [E. D.], Vatandoust [S.] & Vasil'ev [V. P.] 2011:928, Figs. 2-4 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 51 (no. 10); ref. 31700] Siahrud River, Mazandaran region, 36°26'85.05"N, 52°56'70.08"E, northern Iran, elevation 83 meters. Holotype: GUIC CC1403MA. Paratypes: GUIC CCC1403M (3). CC1404M (9), CC1405 (10); ZMMU P-22694 (2), See also Cobitis keyvani. •Valid as Cobitis faridpaki Mousavi-Sabet, Vasil'eva, Vatandoust & Vasil'ev 2011 -- (Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2012:205 [ref. 31976], Kottelat 2012:25 [ref. 32367], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:561 [ref. 33668], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:881 [ref. 34062], Teimori et al. 2015:90 [ref. 34095], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2017:120 [ref. 35196], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Esmaeili et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:40 [ref. 36089], Freyhof et al. 2018:21 [ref. 36385], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:156 [ref. 37983], Vasil'eva et al. 2020:149 [ref. 37810], Çiçek et al. 2024:51 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis faridpaki Mousavi-Sabet, Vasil'eva, Vatandoust & Vasil'ev 2011. Cobitidae. Distribution: Middle East: eastern Caspian Sea tributaries (northern Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

fasciatus, Acanthophthalmus Bleeker [P.] 1860:74 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 7 (art. 2); ref. 380] Krawang, Java, Indonesia. Neotype: RMNH 2688. Neotype designated by Kottelat & Lim 1993:224 [ref. 21437]. •Absolute synonym of Pangio kuhlii (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Kottelat & Lim 1993:224 [ref. 21437], Kottelat 2012:38 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:183 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Pangio kuhlii (Valenciennes 1846). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

fasciatus, Acanthophthalmus van Hasselt [J. C.] 1823:133 [Algemeene Konst- en Letter-bode voor het Jaar II Deel (no. 35); ref. 5963] Not available, no distinguishing features, from Java -- (see Alfred 1961:86 [ref. 20553], Kottelat 1987:371 [ref. 5962]). Also in van Hasselt 1824:377 [ref. 5964]. •In the synonymy of Acanthophthalmus kuhlii (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Burridge 1992:181 [ref. 19452]). •In the synonymy of Pangio kuhlii (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Roberts 1993:26 [ref. 21799], Kottelat & Lim 1993:224 [ref. 21437], Kottelat 2012:38 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:183 [ref. 32989]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Pangio kuhlii (Valenciennes 1846). Cobitidae.

fasciatus, Acanthophthalmus Kuhl [H.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:77 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Not available, name mentioned in passing under Cobitis kuhlii Valenciennes 1846; from Jakarta [Batavia], Java, Indonesia. Nomen Nudum. Cobitidae.

fasciola, Cobitis Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.] 2013:85, Figs. 2, 3A, 3C. [Folia Zoologica: international journal of vertebrate zoology. v. 62 (no. 2); ref. 32990] Jiangxi Province, Yujiang County, the River Xinjiang drainage, 28°12′N, 116°49'W, China. Holotype: IHB 9607002. Paratypes: all at IHB. •Valid as Cobitis fasciola Chen & Chen 2013 -- (Chen et al. 2015:15 [ref. 35710], Tan et al. 2019:169 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis fasciola Chen & Chen 2013. Cobitidae. Distribution: Xinjiang and Le'anjiang drainages, Jiangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

filinaris, Pangio Kottelat [M.] & Lim [K. K. P.] 1993:219, Fig. 9 [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 41 (no. 2); ref. 21437] Sungai Tersat, a tributary of Sungai Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia, 4°57'51"N, 102°57'45"E. Holotype: ZRC 34915. Paratypes: CMK 9756 (8); ZRC 657 (5), 9505 (1), 24550 (1), 34916-36 (21), 34937-45 (9). •Valid as Pangio filinaris Kottelat & Lim 1993 -- (Doi 1997:15 [ref. 22832], Ng & Tan 1999:356 [ref. 24159], Britz & Kottelat 2010:375 [ref. 30691], Kottelat 2012:38 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:182 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Pangio filinaris Kottelat & Lim 1993. Cobitidae. Distribution: Malaysia. Habitat: freshwater.

fimbriata, Niwaella Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.] in Chen, He, Chen & Chen 2017:496, Figs. 8-11 [Zoological Systematics v. 42 (no. 4); ref. 35645] Dongshaoxi River (a tributary of the Shaoxi River), Lin'an, Zhejiang, China, 30°24'N, 119°68'E. Holotype: HU 1540121. Paratype: HU. •Valid as Cobitis fimbriata (Chen & Chen 2017). Current status: Valid as Cobitis fimbriata (Chen & Chen 2017). Cobitidae. Distribution: Shaoxi River basin, east China. Habitat: freshwater.

fluviatilis, Cobites Dralet [É.-F.] 1821:40 [Considérations sur l'histoire naturelle des poissons, sur la pêche et les lois qui la régissent.; ref. 17418] No locality. Based on Rondelet. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

formosanus, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus Rendahl [H.] 1936:302 [Mémoires du Musée royal d'histoire naturelle de Belgique (Ser. 2) v. 3; ref. 13740] Lake Candidius, Taiwan. Holotype: NRM 10354. Paratypes: NRM 39641 [ex NRM 10354] (11). Type catalog: Ho & Shao 2011:31 [ref. 31432]. •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Ho & Shao 2011:31 [ref. 31432], Kottelat 2012:35 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989], Nakajima & Hashiguchi 2022:537 [ref. 39389]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

fossilis, Cobitis Linnaeus [C.] 1758:303 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Europe. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.121 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin), NRM 69 (1). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:213 [ref. 13434], Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:218-219 [ref. 20707]. •Valid as Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:900 [ref. 20661], Okada 1961:534 [ref. 6363], Lelek 1987:253 [ref. 22962], Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079], Kottelat 1997:90 [ref. 22952], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:744 [ref. 24702], Vasil'eva 1998:102 [ref. 23591], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:45 [ref. 26178], Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:201 [ref. 26728], Hanel 2003:55 [ref. 27894], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:109 [ref. 28183], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:173 [ref. 28369], Hanel & Lusk 2005:287 [ref. 28804], Fricke 2007:28 [ref. 30577], Fricke et al. 2007:50 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:319 [ref. 29996], Interesova et al. 2010:281 [ref. 31016], Kottelat 2012:36 [ref. 32367], Parin et al. 2014:101 [ref. 33547], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Šukalo et al. 2018:126 [ref. 39525], Tutman et al. 2018:219 [ref. 35876], Ćaleta et al. 2019:149 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Pozdeev et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39511], Shedko & Vasil'eva 2022:12 [ref. 39201], Dyldin et al. 2023:[6] [ref. 40328], Nagy et al. 2023:356 [ref. 40348]). Current status: Valid as Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus 1758). Cobitidae. Distribution: Europe and western Asia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

fuchigamii, Cobitis striata Nakajima [J.] 2012:113, Figs. 3B, 4c, D, 5B, 6B [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32326] Kakenouma River, Onga River system, Iizuka, Fukuoka Pref., Kyushu, Japan. Holotype: TKMP-P17341. Paratypes: FKUN 33734 (1), MPM-FI1501 (1), JNC 042 (1), KPM-NI29503 (1). Plus non-type specimens. •Synonym of Cobitis striata Ikeda 1936, but a valid subspecies fuchigamii Nakajima 2012 as described -- (Nakajima 2016:120 [ref. 34247]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis striata Ikeda 1936. Cobitidae. Distribution: Onga River system, Kyushu, Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

fukien, Misgurnus mizolepis Nichols [J. T.] 1925:4 [American Museum Novitates No. 169; ref. 15550] Nanping, Fukien Province, China. Holotype (unique): AMNH 8394. Non-types: FMNH (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:57 [ref. 12367] as paratype. •Synonym of Misgurnus mizolepis Günther 1888, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Menon 1992:52 [ref. 23970]). •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Chen 1981:28 [ref. 8242], Vasil'eva 2001:589 [ref. 25617], Kottelat 2012:35 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

furcatus, Lepidocephalus de Beaufort [L. F.] 1933:32 [Bulletin of the Raffles Museum No. 8; ref. 12381] Bukit Merah Reservoir, Perak, Malaysia. Syntypes: (6) BMNH 1969.11.13.1 [ex Natl. Mus. Singapore] (1), ZMA 100979 (1), ZRC 1445 (3). Type catalog: Alfred 1970:70 [ref. 23931], Nijssen et al. 1982:30 [ref. 19236]. •Valid as Lepidocephalichthys furcatus (de Beaufort 1933) -- (Kottelat & Lim 1992:207 [ref. 21291], Doi 1997:14 [ref. 22832], Arunkumar 2000:1103 [ref. 25767], Kottelat 2001:90 [ref. 25780], Havird & Page 2010:147 [ref. 30739], Kottelat 2012:32 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:179 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2015:45 [ref. 33971], Kottelat 2017:713 [ref. 35678], Ng et al. 2019:519 [ref. 36606], Jamaluddin et al. 2022:[5] [ref. 39245]). Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys furcatus (de Beaufort 1933). Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Malaya (Malaysia), Sumatra (Indonesia), possibly Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

fusca, Apua Blyth [E.] 1860:169 [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 29 (no. 2); ref. 477] Tenasserim, Myanmar. Syntypes: (3) ?AMS B.7500 (1), ZSI F2647/1 (2). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:120 [ref. 20743]. •Synonym of Pangio pangia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:531 [ref. 20764], Menon 1999:166 [ref. 24904], Ataur Rahman 2003:171 [ref. 31338]). •Synonym of Acanthophthalmus pangia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1992:88 [ref. 23970]). •Valid as Pangio fusca (Blyth 1860) -- (Kottelat 1998:100 [ref. 23436], Kottelat 2001:90 [ref. 25780], Britz & Maclaine 2007:20 [ref. 29149], Kottelat 2012:38 [ref. 32367], Valis'eva & Vasil'ev 2012:665 [ref. 32477], Kottelat 2013:182 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2015:45 [ref. 33971] as aff. fusca). Current status: Valid as Pangio fusca (Blyth 1860). Cobitidae. Distribution: Myanmar, doubtfully Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

fusunae, Cobitis Özdemir [F.] 2019:594, Figs. 1-5 [Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry v. 46 (no. 4); ref. 36384] Gurba at Yeşilhisar, Sultan Marsh, Kayseri province, Turkey, 38°12'12.37"N, 35°13'55.65"E. Holotype: NHVUIC 17003-1. Paratypes: NHVUIC. Plus additional non-type material. Not available from electronic versions, without ZooBank registration. Electronic versions of 13 Nov. 2018 and 20 Dec. 2018 with 3 authors (F. Özdemir, S. Sungur and S. Eagderi); version of 2 Jan. 2019 with 1 author (F. Özdemir). •In the synonymy of Cobitis joergbohleni Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018 -- (Çiçek et al. 2023:336 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:51 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis joergbohleni Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

gladkovi, Cobitis melanoleuca Vasil'ev [V. P.] & Vasil'eva [E. D.] 2008:9, Fig. 9 [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 48 (no. 1); ref. 29549] Severskii Donets River basin of the Don River, near the village of Starodubovka, Staraya Stanitsa, Siberia, Russia. Holotype: ZMUU R-21654. Paratypes: ZMMU R -21655 (6). Plus unspecified material. •Synonym of Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols 1925, but a valid subspecies gladkovi Vasil'ev & Vasil'eva 2008 as described. •Synonym of Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols 1925 -- (Parin et al. 2014:100 [ref. 33547], Perdices et al. 2014:35 [ref. 35463], Dyldin et al. 2020:109 [ref. 37569]). •Valid as Cobitis gladkovi Vasil'ev & Vasil'eva 2008 -- (Kottelat 2012:25 [ref. 32367], Dyldin et al. 2020:87 [ref. 37569]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis gladkovi Vasil'ev & Vasil'eva 2008. Cobitidae. Distribution: Eurasia: Basins of the Volga, Don, Kuban and Eya rivers and brackish bays of the northern Caspian Sea. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

goaensis, Acanthophthalmus Tilak [R.] 1972:62, Figs. 1-4 [Journal of the Inland Fishery Society of India v. 4; ref. 7655] Colem River, Goa, India. Holotype (unique): ZSI F6150/2. See Das 2003:352 [ref. 27706] with date as 1973. •Valid as Acanthophthalmus goaensis Tilak 1972 -- (Tilak 1990:295 [ref. 24003], Menon 1992:91 [ref. 23970]). •Valid as Pangio goaensis (Tilak 1972) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:530 [ref. 20764], Menon 1999:165 [ref. 24904], Raju Thomas et al. 1999:479 [ref. 25441], Raju Thomas et al. 2002:50 [ref. 26359], Britz et al. 2012:45 [ref. 32066], Kottelat 2012:38 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Pangio goaensis (Tilak 1972). Cobitidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

goalparensis, Lepidocephalichthys Pillai [R. S.] & Yazdani [G. M.] 1976:15, Fig. 2 [Journal of the Zoological Society of India v. 26 (no. 1-2) [for 1974]; ref. 7382] Under a culvert, about 6 kilometers west of Dudhnai, Inspection Bunglow, Goalpara District, Assam State, India. Holotype (unique): V/ERS 519 [temporarily at ZSI, Shillong]. See Das 2003:352 [ref. 27706]. •Valid as Lepidocephalus goalparensis (Pillai & Yazdani 1976) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:524 [ref. 20764], Karmakar 2000:32 [ref. 25662], Havid & Page 2010:140 [ref. 30739]). •Synonym of Lepidocephalus menoni (Pillai & Yazdani 1968) -- (Menon 1992:69 [ref. 23970], Sen 1999:199 [ref. 24750], Menon 1999:163 [ref. 24904]). •Valid as Lepidocephalichthys goalparensis Pillai & Yazdani 1976 -- (Arunkumar 2000:1103 [ref. 25767], Kottelat 2012:32 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2017:713 [ref. 35678], Bleher 2018:304 [ref. 36647]). Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys goalparensis Pillai & Yazdani 1976. Cobitidae. Distribution: Upper Brahmaputra basin, India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

gongota, Cobitis Hamilton [F.] 1822:351, 394 [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Patgong, Northern Bengal, India. No types known. Cobitis gongota Hamilton 1822 and Cobitis cucura Hamilton 1822 are simultaneous synonyms; first reviser is Günther 1868:363 who established C. gongota as having priority -- see Kottelat 1998:118 [ref. 25861]. Information on type locality see Britz 2019:46 [ref. 37532]. Hamilton's original, npublished illustration reproduced by Britz 2019:Pl. 217 [ref. 37532]. •Valid as Somileptes gongota (Hamilton 1822) -- (Shrestha 1978:37 [ref. 15970], Ataur Rahman 1989:152 [ref. 24860], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:532 [ref. 20764], Sen 1995:555 [ref. 23778], Menon 1999:167 [ref. 24904], Karmakar 2000:32 [ref. 25662], Ataur Rahman 2003:172 [ref. 31338], Shrestha 2008:140 [ref. 29923]). •Valid as Somileptus gongota (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1992:99 [ref. 23970]). •Valid as Canthophrys gongota (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 1998:118 [ref. 25861], Kottelat 2012:23 [ref. 32367], Ahmed et al. 2013:286 [ref. 32872], Bleher 2018:294 [ref. 36647]). Current status: Valid as Canthophrys gongota (Hamilton 1822). Cobitidae. Distribution: Himalaya Foothills, Nepal, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater.

gracilentus, Neacanthopsis Smith [H. M.] 1945:297, Fig. 61 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 188; ref. 4056] Meping River north of Chieng Mai [Chiang Mai], Chiengdao, northern Thailand. Holotype: USNM 107952. Paratypes: USNM 109751-52 (1, 1). •Valid as Aperioptus gracilentus (Smith 1945) -- (Page & Tangjitjaroen 2015:179 [ref. 33815], Taki et al. 2021:190 [ref. 39830]). •Valid as Acanthopsoides gracilentus (Smith 1945) -- (Siebert 1991:103 [ref. 20084], Rainboth 1996:135 [ref. 22772], Doi 1997:14 [ref. 22832], Kottelat 1998:91 [ref. 23436], Kottelat 2001:86 [ref. 25780], Kottelat 2012:22 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2015:45 [ref. 33971]). Current status: Valid as Acanthopsoides gracilentus (Smith 1945). Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Chao Phraya and Mekong River basins, Thailand and central and northern Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

gracilis, Acanthopsoides Fowler [H. W.] 1934:103, Fig. 55 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 86; ref. 1417] Chieng Mai [Chiang Mai], Chao Phraya River basin, Mekong basin, northern Thailand. Holotype: ANSP 56999. Paratypes: ANSP 57000-06 (7), 57007 (1, c&s). Additional material: (57). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:63 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Aperioptus gracilis (Fowler 1934) -- (Page & Tangjitjaroen 2015:179 [ref. 33815]). •Valid as Acanthopsoides gracilis Fowler 1934 -- (Roberts 1989:94 [ref. 6439], Siebert 1991:101 [ref. 20084], Zhu 1995:127 [ref. 25213], Doi 1997:14 [ref. 22832], Kottelat 2012:22 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:177 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:151 [ref. 34477], Fu et al. 2021:9567 [ref. 39347]). Current status: Valid as Acanthopsoides gracilis Fowler 1934. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Mekong basin (Thailand and China). Habitat: freshwater.

gracilis, Cobitis Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.] 2016:381, Figs. 3-12 [Zoological Systematics v. 41 (no. 4); ref. 34890] Yalu River, Linjiang, Jilin, China, 41°81'N, 126°92'E. Holotype: HU 1600062. Paratypes: HU. •Valid as Cobitis gracilis Chen & Chen 2016 -- (Tan et al. 2019:172 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis gracilis Chen & Chen 2016. Cobitidae. Distribution: Ussuri and Yalu rivers, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces, China. Habitat: freshwater.

grangeri, Misgurnus mizolepis Nichols [J. T.] 1925:5 [American Museum Novitates No. 169; ref. 15550] Yen-ching-kao, Szechwan Province, China. Holotype (unique): AMNH 8395. Non-types: FMNH (2). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:57 [ref. 12367] as paratypes. •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Chen 1981:28 [ref. 8242], Ding 1994:118 [ref. 21531], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:92 [ref. 23556], Vasil'eva 2001:589 [ref. 25617], Kottelat 2012:35 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

granoei, Cobitis taenia Rendahl [H.] 1935:332, Figs. 5-6 [Memoranda Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica v. 10 (for 3 Mar. 1934); ref. 15674] Irtysh River near Omsk, western Siberia, Russia. Syntypes: MZH (6 or 7), NRM 10654 (2). Burg acts as first responder, selecting sibirica Gladkov over granoei Rendahl. Rendahl 1935:332 [ref. 15674] designates 2 females as holotypes -- one is in Helsinki, but the designation not clear; neither is the holotype. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, subspecies sibirica Gladkov 1935 -- (Berg 1949:893 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, subspecies granoei Rendahl 1935 -- (Mitrofanov & Dukravec 1989:65 [ref. 37748]). •Synonym of Cobitis sibirica Gladkov 1935 -- (Kottelat 2012:28 [ref. 32367]). •Synonym of Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols 1925 but a valid subspecies granoei -- (Interesova et al. 2010:281 [ref. 31016]). •Valid as Cobitis granoei Rendahl 1935 -- (Kim 1980:444 [ref. 39488], Chen 1981:25 [ref. 8242], Wu & Wu 1992:265 [ref. 21205], Zhu 1995:127 [ref. 25213] as granoci, Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:47 [ref. 22798], Wang et al. 2001:176 [ref. 26566] as granoci, Son & He 2005:238 [ref. 29190], Chen & Chen 2011:150 [ref. 31435], Chen et al. 2013:380 [ref. 32679], Chen & Chen 2013:94 [ref. 32990], Parin et al. 2014:99 [ref. 33547], Chen et al. 2015:14 [ref. 35710], Zhang et al. 2016:151 [ref. 34477], Chen & Chen 2016:390 [ref. 34890], Tan et al. 2019:172 [ref. 36712]). •Synonym of Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols 1925 -- (Vasil'eva 1998:98 [ref. 23591], Sideleva 2001:54 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:11 [ref. 27815], Kottelat 2006:56 [ref. 28831], Ocock et al. 2006:30 [ref. 28933], Prokofiev 2007:118 [ref. 29368], Perdices et al. 2014:35 [ref. 35463]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols 1925. Cobitidae. Distribution: North Asia, East Asia: Russia, Mongolia and Qinghai Province, China [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

guishanensis, Paralepidocephalus Li [W.-X.] 2004:94, Fig. 3 [Journal of Jishou University (Natural Science Edition) v. 25 (no. 3); ref. 28170] Guishan town, Shilin County, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype: HRS 980514001. Paratypes: HRS 980514002-03 (2), 20020504001 (1). Genus spelled Paralepidcephalus two times in the original description. •Synonym of Paralepidocephalus yui Tchang 1935 -- (Liu et al. 2016:65 [ref. 34369]). •Valid as Paralepidocephalus guishanensis Li 2004 -- (Kottelat 2012:40 [ref. 32367] with question, Zhang et al. 2016:153 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Valid as Paralepidocephalus guishanensis Li 2004. Cobitidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

guntea, Cobitis Hamilton [F.] 1822:353, 394 [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Bengal. No types known. Hamilton's original, unpublished illustration reproduced by Britz 2019:Pl. 219 [ref. 37532]. •Valid as Lepidocephalus guntea (Hamilton 1822) -- (Ataur Rahman 1989:157 [ref. 24860], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:525 [ref. 20764], Menon 1992:54 [ref. 23970], Singh & Yazdani 1993:200 [ref. 24022], Sen 1995:553 [ref. 23778], Sen 1999:199 [ref. 24750], Menon 1999:160 [ref. 24904], Rafique 2000:324 [ref. 25220], Karmakar 2000:32 [ref. 25662], Mirza 2003:13 [ref. 27265], Yadav 2003:17 [ref. 27711], Ataur Rahman 2003:176 [ref. 31338], Shrestha 2008:137 [ref. 29923]). •Valid as Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton 1822) -- (Shrestha 1978:37 [ref. 15970], Banik & Choudhury 1996:579 [ref. 24736], Doi 1997:14 [ref. 22832], Arunkumar 2000:1095 [ref. 25767], Havird & Page 2010:153 [ref. 30739], Havird et al. 2010:9 [ref. 30908], Kottelat 2012:32 [ref. 32367], Ahmed et al. 2013:286 [ref. 32872], Gurung et al. 2013:4883 [ref. 32969], Kottelat 2013:179 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2017:713 [ref. 35678], Suresh et al. 2018:114 [ref. 36495], Bleher 2018:306 [ref. 36647], Kosygin et al. 2022:662 [ref. 40736], Shangningam & Kosygin 2022:60 [ref. 39587], Tudu et al. 2022:43 [ref. 40484]). Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton 1822). Cobitidae. Distribution: South Asia: Pakistan, Bhutan, India (northern and central India, northern Western Ghats), Nepal, Myanmar and Bangladesh. Habitat: freshwater.

guttata, Cobitis McClelland [J.] 1839:305, 438, Pl. 52 (figs. 5-6) [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Upper Assam, India. Holotype (unique): SMF 409. •Questionably a synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 2012:33 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:179 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

guttatus, Acantopsis Nguyen [V. H.] 2005:557, Fig. 7 [Freshwater fishes of Vietnam v. 2; ref. 29730] Mu Creek, Tân Thành, Bac Quang, Hà Giang Province, Vietnam. Holotype: NCNTTS I, Bac Ninh. Paratypes: (3). •Valid as Acantopsis guttatus Nguyen 2005. •Belongs in a separate genus -- (Kottelat 2012:24 [ref. 32367]). •Species incertae sedis as "Cobitis" guttatus (Nguyen 2005) -- (Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis guttatus (Nguyen 2005). Cobitidae. Distribution: Lô River, Hà Giang Province, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

haasi, Cobitis taenia Klausewitz [W.] 1955:42, Fig. 2 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 36 (nos 1/2); ref. 12204] Albufera, near Valencia, Spain. Holotype: SMF 3232. Paratypes: SMF 3231 (orig. 13, now 12); USNM 195985 (1). •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Lelek 1987:247 [ref. 22962]). •Synonym of Cobitis paludica (de Buen 1930) -- (Kottelat 1997:88 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Cobitis haasi Klausewitz 1955 -- (Doadrio et al. 2023:[19] [ref. 40299]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis haasi Klausewitz 1955. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southwestern Europe: Serpis River drainage, eastern Central Spain. Habitat: freshwater.

haematopterus, Cobitis Richardson [J.] 1846:301 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Japan. No types known. •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Kottelat 2012:35 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

hainan, Misgurnus mizolepis Nichols [J. T.] & Pope [C. H.] 1927:336, Fig. 9, Pl. 26 (fig. 1) [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 54 (art. 2); ref. 5747] Nodoa, Hainan Island, China. Holotype: AMNH 8363. •Synonym of Misgurnus mizolepis Günther 1888, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Menon 1992:52 [ref. 23970]). •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Chen 1981:28 [ref. 8242], Chen in Kuang et al. 1986:147 [ref. 26639], Ye in Pan et al. 1991:255 [ref. 23876], Kottelat 2012:35 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

hakataensis, Cobitis striata Nakajima [J.] 2012:115, Figs. 3C, 4E, F, 5C, 6V [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32326] Tatara River, Kasuya, Fukuoka Pref., Kyushu, Japan. Holotype: TKPM-P17342. Paratypes: JNC 005 (1), 041 (1), 006 (1); KPM-NI29504 (1); MPM-FI1502 (1); FKUN 33756 (1). Plus non-type specimens. •Synonym of Cobitis striata Ikeda 1936, but a valid subspecies hakataensis Nakajima 2012 as described -- (Nakajima 2016:120 [ref. 34247], Jeon et al. 2020:[3] [ref. 37477]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis striata Ikeda 1936. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Kasuya (Japan). Habitat: freshwater.

hankugensis, Cobitis Kim [I.-S.], Park [J.-Y.], Son [Y.-M.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 2003:2, Figs. 1-2 [Korean Journal of Ichthyology v. 15 (no. 1); ref. 26956] Dojeon-ri, Sengbirryang-myeon, San-chong-gun, Gyongsangnam-do, Korea. Holotype: CNU 33912. Paratypes: CNU 32943-47 (5), 33913-17 (5), 33918-22 (5). •Valid as Cobitis hankugensis Kim, Park, Son & Nalbant 2003 -- (Kim 2009:9 [ref. 30457], Chae & Yoon 2010:101 [ref. 31571], Kottelat 2012:25 [ref. 32367], Vasil'eva et al. 2016:589 [ref. 34979]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis hankugensis Kim, Park, Son & Nalbant 2003. Cobitidae. Distribution: Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

hapalias, Acanthopsoides Siebert [D. J.] 1991:106, Fig. 7 [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 38 (no. 2); ref. 20084] Lam Nam Mun, 2 kilometers downstream from Phimai, 15°14'N, 102°31'E, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Mekong River basin, Thailand. Holotype: USNM 271723. Paratypes: CAS 61906 (4), USNM 305220 (9); plus non-types. •Valid as Aperioptus hapalias (Siebert 1991) -- (Page & Tangjitjaroen 2015:179 [ref. 33815], Taki et al. 2021:190 [ref. 39830]). •Valid as Acanthopsoides hapalias Siebert 1991 -- (Rainboth 1996:135 [ref. 22772], Doi 1997:14 [ref. 22832], Kottelat 1998:91 [ref. 23436], Kottelat 2001:86 [ref. 25780], Kottelat 2012:22 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:177 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2015:45 [ref. 33971]). Current status: Valid as Acanthopsoides hapalias Siebert 1991. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Mekong River basin, Thailand, Laos and Cambodia. Habitat: freshwater.

hasselti, Cobitis Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:74 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Tjelankakam [Tjelankahan] River, Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): apparently lost. Type information: Roberts 1993:25 [ref. 21799]. See Kottelat 1998:97 [ref. 23436]. •Valid as Lepidocephalichthys hasselti (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Roberts 1989:103 [ref. 6439], Kottelat & Lim 1992:205 [ref. 21291], Kottelat et al. 1993:59 [ref. 23448], Roberts 1993:25 [ref. 21799], Rainboth 1996:137 [ref. 22772], Doi 1997:14 [ref. 22832], Freyhof et al. 2000:96 [ref. 25184], Kottelat 2001:90 [ref. 25780] Kottelat & Tan 2008:70 [ref. 29956], Havird & Page 2010:139 [ref. 30739], Havird et al. 2010:9 [ref. 30908], Kottelat 2012:33 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:180 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2015:45 [ref. 33971], Endruweit 2016:186 [ref. 34451], Zhang et al. 2016:152 [ref. 34477], Kottelat 2017:713 [ref. 35678], Ng et al. 2019:520 [ref. 36606], Fu et al. 2021:9567 [ref. 39347], Taki et al. 2021:188 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys hasselti (Valenciennes 1846). Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Sundaland to Yunnan (China) and Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

hellenica, Cobitis Economidis [P. S.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1996:311, Figs. 10 (a-f), 12 (g-i) [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 36; ref. 23723] River Louros catchment at Barbanakos spring near village of Stephani, Epirus, Greece. Holotype: MZUT 1989-115. Paratypes: CAS uncat. (2); ISBB 3967 (13), 4569 (10), 4577 (33), 4570 (11); MGAB uncat. (2); MNHN 1994-0514 (1); MZUT 1963-5 (22), 1977-232 (5), 1979-22 (29), 1987-42 (25), 1988-95 (15), 1989-41 (34), 1989-43 (4); NMW 92820 (2); RMNH uncat. (4); SMF 22318 (5), 27232 (2); USNM 330135 (2); ZSM 27086 (2). Type catalog: Neumann 2011:254 [ref. 31652]. Also as name only in Economidis 1992:49, 75 [ref. 23021]. Appeared first in Economidis 1991:28, 41, Figs. 1-2 without distinguishing features. •Valid as Cobitis sp. 2 -- (Kottelat 1997:90 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Cobitis hellenica Economidis & Nalbant 1996 -- (Erk'akan et al. 1999:24 [ref. 25143], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:308 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:25 [ref. 32367], Barbieri et al. 2015:71 [ref. 35029], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis hellenica Economidis & Nalbant 1996. Cobitidae. Distribution: Western Greece. Habitat: freshwater.

hereromacula, Cobitis Chen [Y.-X.], Sui [X.-Y.], Liang [N.] & Chen [Y.-F.] 2016:518, Figs. 2, 3, 4a-b, 5a-d [Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology v. 34 (no. 3); ref. 34014] Luohe River, Haifeng County, Guangdong Province, southern China, 22°97'N, 115°37'E. Holotype: IHASW 76iv8293. Paratypes: HU, IHASW. The name heteromacula was possibly meant, but hereromacula was used throughout the paper, so this name should be used. •Valid as Cobitis hereromacula Chen, Sui, Liang & Chen 2016 -- (Chen et al. 2018:167 [ref. 35932], Tan et al. 2019:172 [ref. 36712] as heteromacula). Current status: Valid as Cobitis hereromacula Chen, Sui, Liang & Chen 2016. Cobitidae. Distribution: Luohe River (Longjin River), Guangdong Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

herzegoviniensis, Cobitis Buj [I.] & Šanda [R.] in Buj, Šanda, Marčič, C'aleta & Mrakočič 2014:20, 9 [PLoS ONE v. 9 (no. 6): e99833; ref. 33367] Lištica River drainage (Neretva River tributary) in the Mostarsko blato karstic field, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 43°22'41.30"N, 17°19'98.30'E, elevation 227 meters. Holotype: NMP P6V 80904. Paratypes: NMP P6V 80903, 80905, PMR VP 2950-52; P6V 81173, 75-77, 79. •Valid as Cobitis herzegoviniensis Buj & Šanda 2014 -- (Tutman et al. 2018:218 [ref. 35876]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis herzegoviniensis Buj & Šanda 2014. Cobitidae. Distribution: Lištica River drainage (Neretva River tributary), Bosnia-Herzegovina. Habitat: freshwater.

hetsieou, Cobitis Dabry de Thiersant [P.] 1872:191, Pl. 49 (fig. 1) [La pisciculture et la pêche en Chine; ref. 12507] Central China. Originally as Cobitis, He-tsieou; based on style of work, when Dabry de Thiersant placed a comma after the genus, the following word (in this case He-tsieou) was a vernacular and not a specific name; not available. •In the synonymy of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Chen 1981:28 [ref. 8242], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842). Cobitidae.

heungchow, Misgurnus mizolepis Lin [S.-Y.] 1932:66 [Lingnan Science Journal, Canton v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 16379] Heungchow, China. No types known. •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Chen 1981:28 [ref. 8242], Ye in Pan et al. 1991:256 [ref. 23876], Kottelat 2012:35 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:153 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

hipporhynchos, Kottelatlimia Kottelat [M.] & Tan [H. H.] 2008:64, Figs. 1, 2a, 3a-b [Zootaxa No. 1967; ref. 29956] Backwater stream at kilometer 80 on road from Palangka Raya to Tumbang Telakian, 1°37.324'S, 113°37.569'E, Kahayan River drainage, Kalimantan Tengah, Borneo. Holotype: MZB 10977. Paratypes: CMK 20421 (13); MZB 10988 (4); ZRC 54423 (13), plus more at CMK and ZRC. •Valid as Kottelatlimia hipporhynchos Kottelat & Tan 2008 -- (Kottelat 2012:31 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Kottelatlimia hipporhynchos Kottelat & Tan 2008. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southern Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

hohenackeri, Cobitis Kessler [K. F.] (ex Brandt) 1877:177 [The Aralo-Caspian Expedition; ref. 2597] Kura River basin, Transcaucasia. Syntypes: (6) ZIN 2854 (5). •Synonym of Cobitis aurata De Filippi 1863 -- (Berg 1949:894 [ref. 20661]). •Questionably the same as Sabanejewia balcanica (Karaman 1922) -- (Kottelat 1997:91 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi 1863) -- (Vasil'eva 1998:102 [ref. 23591], Kottelat 2012:41 [ref. 32367], Sayyadzadeh et al. 2019:280 [ref. 36752], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:159 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:59 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi 1863). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

hugowolfeldi, Iksookimia Nalbant [T. T.] 1993:106, Figs. 1, 6, 11, 12 [Revue Roumaine de Biologie, Série de Biologie Animale v. 38 (no. 2); ref. 21345] Yung San River, South Korea. Holotype: ISBB 4495. Paratypes: ISBB 4496 (2). •Valid as Iksookimia hugowolfeldi Nalbant 1993 -- (Kim & Park 1997:254 [ref. 23149], Kim 1997:299 [ref. 24032], Kim et al. 1999:172 [ref. 25431], Kim & Park 2002:216 [ref. 25913], Choi et al. 2003:177, 521 [ref. 26218], Kim 2009:12 [ref. 30457], Kottelat 2012:30 [ref. 32367], Chen et al. 2013:380 [ref. 32679]). •Valid as Cobitis hugowolfeldi (Nalbant 1993). Current status: Valid as Cobitis hugowolfeldi (Nalbant 1993). Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia: South Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

illyrica, Cobitis Freyhof [J.] & Stelbrink [B.] 2007:270, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 18 (no. 3); ref. 29344] Small lake south of Lake Prolozak, 48°28'13"N, 17°07'20"E, Imotsko polje, Croatia. Holotype: ZMB 33753. Paratypes: ZMB 33754 (3). •Valid as Cobitis illyrica Freyhof & Stelbrink 2007 -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:308 [ref. 29996], Mustafic et al. 2008:4 [ref. 29642], Kottelat 2012:26 [ref. 32367], Buj et al. 2013:15, 23 [ref. 33367], Ćaleta et al. 2015:56 [ref. 34877], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Tutman et al. 2018:218 [ref. 35876], Ćaleta et al. 2019:148 [ref. 37026]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis illyrica Freyhof & Stelbrink 2007. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Adriatic basin of Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. Habitat: freshwater.

incognito, Pangio Kottelat [M.] & Lim [K. K. P.] 1993:221, Fig. 11 [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 41 (no. 2); ref. 21437] kilometer 42 on road from Lindu to Kuching, west of Sungei Stinggang, Sarawak state, Borneo, East Malaysia. Holotype: ZRC 34913. Paratypes: CMK 9735 (2); Sarawak Mus. uncat. (2); ZRC 34910-11 (2). •Valid as Pangio incognito Kottelat & Lim 1993 -- (Kottelat & Lim 1996:237 [ref. 23210], Doi 1997:15 [ref. 22832], Britz & Kottelat 2010:375 [ref. 30691], Kottelat 2012:38 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:182 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Pangio incognito Kottelat & Lim 1993. Cobitidae. Distribution: Malaysia. Habitat: freshwater.

indus, Cobitis Eagderi [S.], Seçer [B.] & Freyhof [J.] 2022:414, Figs. 2-5 [Zootaxa 5162 (no. 4); ref. 39387] Dalaman River at Alci, Denizli Province, Turkey, 37.1476, 29.1876. Holotype: NHVUIC 1708-H. Paratypes: FSJF 4099 (6), NHVUIC 1708 (15). Holotype also seen as NUIC 1708-M. •Valid as Cobitis indus Eagderi, Seçer & Freyhof 2022 -- (Çiçek et al. 2023:336 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:51 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis indus Eagderi, Seçer & Freyhof 2022. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: middle Dalaman River drainage (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

ioa, Acantopsis Boyd [D. A.] & Page [L. M.] in Boyd, Nithirojpakdee, Deein, Vidthayanon, Grudpan et al. 2017:179, Fig. 19 [Zootaxa 4341 (no. 2); ref. 35656] Nam Lik, 6 km upstream of confluence with Nam Ngum River, Mekong River drainage, Vientiane Province, Laos, 18.583N, 102.500E. Holotype: UMMZ 250301 (ex. UF 240684). Paratypes: ANSP, INHS, NIFI, THNHM, UF, UMMZ, ZRC. •Valid as Acantopsis ioa Boyd & Page 2017 -- (Boyd et al. 2018:[7] [ref. 36347]). Current status: Valid as Acantopsis ioa Boyd & Page 2017. Cobitidae. Distribution: Mekong River basin, Thailand and Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

irrorata, Lepidocephalichthys Hora [S. L.] 1921:196, Pl. 9 (figs. 5, 5a, 5b) [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 22 (pt 3, no. 19); ref. 2202] Lakes and streams of the Manipur Valley, India. Holotype: ZSI F9904/1 (lost). Paratypes: ZMA 115796-97 (1, 2). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:30 [ref. 19236]. Reasons for loss of ZSI type specimens during WWII see Chopra 1947:349-350 [ref. 33077]. See Das 2003:352 [ref. 27706]. •Valid as Lepidocephalus irrorata (Hora 1921) -- (Ataur Rahman 1989:158 [ref. 24860], Tilak 1990:295 [ref. 24003], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:526 [ref. 20764], Menon 1992:82 [ref. 23970], Sen 1995:554 [ref. 23778], Menon 1999:162 [ref. 24904], Karmakar 2000:32 [ref. 25662], Ataur Rahman 2003:178 [ref. 31338]). •Valid as Lepidocephalichthys irrorata Hora 1921 -- (Pillai & Yazdani 1976:11 [ref. 7382] as irrorate, Arunkumar 2000:1096 [ref. 25767], Havird & Page 2010:152 [ref. 30739], Kottelat 2012:33 [ref. 32367], Bleher 2018:308 [ref. 36647]). Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys irrorata Hora 1921. Cobitidae. Distribution: Upper Brahmaputra basin, India and Bangladesh. Habitat: freshwater.

jadovaensis, Cobitis Mustafic [P.] & Mrakovčić [M.] in Mustafic et al. 2008:5, Figs. 2-4 [Folia Zoologica: international journal of vertebrate zoology. v. 57 (nos 1-2); ref. 29642] Small refuge pond remaining after drying out of Jadova River, 44°30'14.6"N, 15°32'42.5"E, Croatia, elevation 582 meters. Holotype: PMR VP1654. Paratypes: PMF ZZ2171 (9), ZZ2172 (2); PMR VP1655 (2) •Valid as Cobitis jadovaensis Mustafic & Mrakovčić 2008 -- (Kottelat 2012:26 [ref. 32367], Buj et al. 2014:15, 23 [ref. 33367], Ćaleta et al. 2015:56 [ref. 34877], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Ćaleta et al. 2019:148 [ref. 37026]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis jadovaensis Mustafic & Mrakovčić 2008. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Jadova River (Croatia). Habitat: freshwater.

japonica, Cobitis taenia Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1846:222, Pl. 103 (figs. 3-3a) [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Near Nagasaki, Japan. Lectotype: RMNH 2703a. Paralectotypes: RMNH 2703 (up to 6 of 7). Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:167 [ref. 12876]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Cobitis japonica Houttuyn 1782, replaced by Cobitis biwae Jordan & Snyder 1901. •Objective synonym of Cobitis biwae Jordan & Snyder 1901 -- (Sawada & Azizawa 1983:318 [ref. 27179], Kottelat 2012:24 [ref. 32367]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis biwae Jordan & Snyder 1901. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

javanicus, Acanthophthalmus Bleeker [P.] 1860:75 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 7 (art. 2); ref. 380] Bogor, Java, Indonesia. Possible former syntypes in RMNH 7061 (some of 18). Unnecessary replacement name for Cobitis oblonga Valenciennes 1846. Previously mentioned as Acanthophthalmus javanicus by Hasselt 1823:133 [ref. 5963] and Hasselt 1824:377 [ref. 5964] without distinguishing characters, therefore nomina nuda. •Synonym of Pangio oblonga (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Kottelat & Lim 1993:234 [ref. 21437], Kottelat 2001:90 [ref. 25780], Kottelat 2012:39 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:183 [ref. 32989]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Pangio oblonga (Valenciennes 1846). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

javanicus, Acantophthalmus van Hasselt [J. C.] 1823:133 [Algemeene Konst- en Letter-bode voor het Jaar II Deel (no. 35); ref. 5963] Not available, no distinguishing features; from Java (see Alfred 1961:86 [ref. 20553]). Also in van Hasselt 1824:377 [ref. 5964]. •In the synonymy of Pangio oblonga (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Kottelat & Lim 1993:234 [ref. 21437], Roberts 1993:26 [ref. 21799], Kottelat 2013:183 [ref. 32989]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Pangio oblonga (Valenciennes 1846). Cobitidae.

joergbohleni, Cobitis Freyhof [J.], Bayçelebi [E.] & Geiger [M. F.] 2018:58, Figs. 45-47 [Zootaxa 4535 (1); ref. 36385] Spring Soysallı, about 1 km north of Soysallı, Kayseri province, Turkey, 38.390 35.365. Holotype: ZFMK ICH-97624. Paratypes: FSJF. •Valid as Cobitis joergbohleni Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018 -- (Çiçek & Sungur 2020:117 [ref. 38064], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Eagderi et al. 2022:419 [ref. 39387], Çiçek et al. 2023:336 [ref. 40625], Sungur et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40402], Çiçek et al. 2024:51 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis joergbohleni Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Sultan Sazlığı marshes (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

jonklaasi, Lepidocephalus Deraniyagala [P. E. P.] 1956:34 [Part 1; ref. 21809] Shaded pools of mountain streams at Akuressa, Southern Province, Sri Lanka, elevation 500 meters. Holotype: NMSL FF727A. Paratypes: NMSL FF727B (4). Type information: Pethiyagoda 1991:336 [ref. 20075] but only holotype mentioned. Also in Deraniyagala 1958:131, Pl. 1 (figs. 102) [ref. 11990]. •Valid as Lepidocephalichthys jonklaasi (Deraniyagala 1956) -- (Pethiyagoda 1991:44 [ref. 20075], Ott & Ende 2004:55 [ref. 28033], Havird & Page 2010:155 [ref. 30739], Kottelat 2012:33 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2017:713 [ref. 35678]). Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys jonklaasi (Deraniyagala 1956). Cobitidae. Distribution: Southwestern Sri Lanka. Habitat: freshwater.

kaibarai, Cobitis Nakajima [J.] 2012:116, Fig. 3B, 5C, 6D, 7A & B [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32326] Mitsuru River, Chikugo River system, Ukiha, Fukuoka Pref., Kyushu, Japan. Holotype: TKPM-P17343. Paratypes: MPN-FI1503 (1); JNC 015 (1), 016 (1), 018 (1); KPM NI29505 (1), NI9231 (1). •Valid as Cobitis kaibarai Nakajima 2012 -- (Nakajima 2016:126 [ref. 34247], Jeon et al. 2020:[3] [ref. 37477] as kaibrai). Current status: Valid as Cobitis kaibarai Nakajima 2012. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Kyushu (Japan). Habitat: freshwater.

katik, Lepidocephalichthys Kottelat [M.] & Lim [K. K. P.] 1992:212, Figs. 6-7 [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 40 (no. 2); ref. 21291] Malaysia (no other data). Holotype: ZRC 9344. Paratypes: CMK 8034 (2), ZRC 9345-47 (3). •Valid as Kottelatlimia katik (Kottelat & Lim 1992) -- (Doi 1997:14 [ref. 22832], Kottelat & Tan 2008:68 [ref. 29956], Britz & Kottelat 2010:375 [ref. 30691], Kottelat 2012:31 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:179 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Kottelatlimia katik (Kottelat & Lim 1992). Cobitidae. Distribution: Malaysia. Habitat: freshwater.

kellei, Cobitis Erk'akan [F.], Atalay-Ekmekçi [F. G.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1998:10, Figs. 1 A-E [Turkish Journal of Zoology v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 24119] Göksu stream, Tigris catchment, Cinar, Diyarbakir, Turkey. Holotype: ISBB 4682. Paratypes: ISBB 4683 (1). •Valid as Cobitis kellei Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant 1998 -- (Erk'akan et al. 1999:14 [ref. 25143], Fricke et al. 2007:48 [ref. 29533], Kottelat 2012:26 [ref. 32367], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:561 [ref. 33668], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341], Çiçek et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:23 [ref. 36385], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:336 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:52 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis kellei Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant 1998. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Göksu River drainage, upper Tigris River [Dicle Nehri] basin (Persian Gulf tributary), Diyarbakιr Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

keyvani, Cobitis Mousavi-Sabet [H.], Yerli [S. V.], Vatandoust [S.], Özeren [S. C.] & Moradkhani [Z.] 2012:8, Fig. 3-5 [Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences v. 12; ref. 31808] Keselian stream, Talar River, southeast of the Caspian Sea basin, Mazandarann Province, Iran, 36°11'74.09"N, 53°00'92.01"E, elevation 473 meters. Holotype: GUIC CC1389MA. Paratypes: GUIC CC1389M (8), 1390 (6), 1391 (5). •Valid as Cobitis keyvani Mousavi-Sabet, Yerli, Vatandoust, Özeren & Moradkhani 2012 -- (Kottelat 2012:26 [ref. 32367], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:561 [ref. 33668], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:882 [ref. 34062], Teimori et al. 2015:90 [ref. 34095]). •Synonym of Cobitis faridpaki Mousavi-Sabet, Vasil'eva, Vatandoust & Vasil'ev 2011 -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2017:124 [ref. 35196], Esmaeili et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35254], Freyhof et al. 2018:21 [ref. 36385], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:156 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:51 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis faridpaki Mousavi-Sabet, Vasil'eva, Vatandoust & Vasil'ev 2011. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

koreensis, Cobitis Kim [I.-S.] 1975:51, Fig. 1 [Korean Journal of Limnology v. 8 (no. 3-4); ref. 7258] Jojong River, tributary of the Han River, at Sang-myon, Gapyong-gun, Gyong gi-do, South Korea. Holotype: CNU 21674. Paratypes: CNU 21675-21679 (5). •Valid as Iksookimia koreensis (Kim 1975) -- (Kim & Park 1997:252 [ref. 23149], Kim 1997:293 [ref. 24032], Kim et al. 1999:172 [ref. 25431], Kim et al. 2000:224 [ref. 25434], Kim & Lee 2001:46 [ref. 25334], Kim & Park 2002:208 [ref. 25913], Choi et al. 2003:177, 521 [ref. 26218], Jang et al. 2003:119 [ref. 27681], Kim 2009:13 [ref. 30457], Kottelat 2012:30 [ref. 32367], Chen et al. 2013:380 [ref. 32679]). •Valid as Cobitis koreensis Kim 1975 -- (Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Chen & Chen 2016:388 [ref. 34890]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis koreensis Kim 1975. Cobitidae. Distribution: Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

kranos, Lepidocephalichthys Havird [J. C.] & Page [L. M.] 2010:149, Fig. 8 [Copeia 2010 (no. 1); ref. 30739] Mun River (tributary of Mekong River), marsh near University Ubon Ratchathani campus, 15°10'45.84"N, 104°45'44.76"E, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. Holotype: UF 171980. Paratypes: ANSP, BMNH 2000.6.10.811-813 (3), CAS, NIFI, UF, UMMZ. Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Lepidocephalichthys kranos Havird & Page 2010 -- (Havird et al. 2010:9 [ref. 30908], Kottelat 2012:33 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:180 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2017:713 [ref. 35678], Taki et al. 2021:189 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys kranos Havird & Page 2010. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Mekong and Chao Phraya River basins, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

kubanica, Sabanejewia aurata Vasil'eva [E. D.] & Vasil'ev [V. P.] 1988:210 [33], Fig. 2 [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 28 (no. 2); ref. 13477] Nevinka River, Kuban River basin, Krasnodarskiy Krai, Russia. Holotype: ZMMU P-16384. Paratypes: ZMMU P-16221 (16). Type catalog: Vasil'eva et al. 2001:24 [ref. 25714]. On p. 33 of English translation. •Questionably a synonym of Sabanejewia balcanica (Karaman 1922) -- (Kottelat 1997:91 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi 1863), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Reshetnikov et al. 1997:744 [ref. 24702], Vasil'eva 1998:102 [ref. 23591]). •Synonym of Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi 1863) -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2001:45 [ref. 26178]). •Valid as Sabanejewia kubanica Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 1988 -- (Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:110 [ref. 28183], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:325 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:42 [ref. 32367], Dyldin et al. 2020:111 [ref. 37569], Vasil'eva et al. 2022:12 [ref. 39491], Dyldin et al. 2023:[7] [ref. 40328], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2023:[10] [ref. 40114], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2024:[5] [ref. 40732]). Current status: Valid as Sabanejewia kubanica Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 1988. Cobitidae. Distribution: Eastern Europe: Kuban River drainage, Black Sea watersheds, northwestern Caucasus (Russia). Habitat: freshwater.

kuhlii, Cobitis Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:77 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Neotype: RMNH 2688. Type information: Roberts 1993:26 [ref. 21799]. Neotype (RMNH 2688) designated by Burridge 1992:181 [ref. 19452], but a holotype was listed by Bertin & Estève 1948:91 [ref. 19574] (not valid). Valid as Pangio kuhlii after Acanthophthalmus was suppressed in Opinion 1695 in 1992. •Valid as Acanthophthalmus kuhlii (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Burridge 1992:181 [ref. 19452]). •Valid as Pangio kuhlii (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:60 [ref. 23448], Roberts 1993:26 [ref. 21799], Kottelat & Lim 1993:224 [ref. 21437], Kottelat & Lim 1996:237 [ref. 23210], Doi 1997:15 [ref. 22832], Ng & Tan 1999:356 [ref. 24159], Fuller et al. 1999:177 [ref. 25838], Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:158 [ref. 28284], Tan & Kottelat 2009:61 [ref. 30261], Kottelat 2012:38 [ref. 32367], Valis'eva & Vasil'ev 2012:664 [ref. 32477], Kottelat 2013:183 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Pangio kuhlii (Valenciennes 1846). Cobitidae. Distribution: Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Malaya and Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

kurui, Cobitis vardarensis Erk'akan [F.], Atalay-Ekmekçi [F. G.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1998:13, Fig. [Turkish Journal of Zoology v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 24119] Menderes River, at Saplik bridge, Selçuk-Aydin, Turkey. Holotype: HUIC uncat. Paratypes: HUIC uncat. (29). •Synonym of Cobitis vardarensis Karaman 1928, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Erk'akan et al. 1999:14 [ref. 25143]). •Valid as Cobitis kurui Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant 1998 -- (Fricke et al. 2007:48 [ref. 29533], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341]). •Synonym of Cobitis vardarensis Karaman 1928 -- (Kottelat 2012:30 [ref. 32367]). •Synonym of Cobitis fahireae Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant 1998 -- (Freyhof et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36385]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis fahireae Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant 1998. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

lachnostoma, Acanthopsis Rutter [C. L.] 1897:60 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 49; ref. 12329] Swatow, Shantou, coast of southeastern China. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 1812. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:39 [ref. 12291]. Species author middle initial is a "L" •Valid as Acantopsis lachnostoma Rutter 1897 -- (Roberts 1989:99 [ref. 6439] as Acanthopsis). •Synonym of Acantopsis choirorhynchos (Bleeker 1854) -- (Ye in Pan et al. 1991:252 [ref. 23876] as Acanthopsis). •In Cobitis, as species inquirenda -- (Kottelat 2012:23 [ref. 32367], Boyd et al. 2017:183 [ref. 35656]). Current status: Uncertain as Cobitis lachnostoma (Rutter 1897). Cobitidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

laoensis, Misgurnus Sauvage [H.-E.] 1878:241 [9] [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 2; ref. 3879] Laos [possible Vietrnam]. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-0840. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:93 [ref. 19574]. On p. 9 of separate. •Valid as Cobitis laoensis (Sauvage 1878) -- (Kottelat 1984:809 [ref. 11440], Doi 1997:14 [ref. 22832], Kim et al. 1999:376 [ref. 25348], Freyhof & Serov 2000:206 [ref. 35928], Kottelat 2001:89 [ref. 25780], Kottelat 2012:26 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis laoensis (Sauvage 1878). Cobitidae. Distribution: Laos and Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

larvata, Cobitis De Filippi [F.] 1859:50 [Revue et Magasin de Zoologie (Sér. 2) v. 11; ref. 18081] Creeks near Settimo Torinese, northeast of Torino, Italy. Syntypes: MZUF 5575 (1), Mus. Zool. Univ. Pavia (1), MZUT 510 (4), NMW 48558 (1), ZMB 5014 (2), ZMUC 439-441 (3). Type catalog: Tortonese 1940:141 [ref. 21559], Nielsen 1974:49 [ref. 9588], Vanni 1991:221 [ref. 20099]. •Valid as Sabanejewia larvata (De Filippi 1859) -- (Kottelat 1997:92 [ref. 22952], Nalbant & Bianco 1998:120 [ref. 23810], Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:195 [ref. 26728], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:326 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:42 [ref. 32367], Ćaleta et al. 2019:149 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Vasil'eva et al. 2022:10 [ref. 39491] in subgenus Andrzewia, Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2023:[10] [ref. 40114], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2024:[3] [ref. 40732]). Current status: Valid as Sabanejewia larvata (De Filippi 1859). Cobitidae. Distribution: Southern Europe: Italy and Croatia. Habitat: freshwater.

lateralis, Misgurnus Günther [A.] 1868:346 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Bengal, India. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1858.8.15.49. •Synonym of Lepidocephalus guntea (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1992:57 [ref. 23970], Menon 1999:161 [ref. 24904]). •Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton 1822) -- (Havird & Page 2010:153 [ref. 30739], Kottelat 2012:33 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:180 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

laterimaculata, Cobitis Yan [J.-P.] & Zheng [M.-L.] 1984:82 [84], Fig. 1 [Acta Zoologica Sinica v. 30 (no. 1); ref. 8194] Yongjiang River at Xikou, Fenghua County, Zhejiang Province, China. Holotype: ZFC 821138. Paratypes: ZFC 825001-18 (18), 827019 (1), 827020-37 (18), 821139-43 (5). •Valid as Niwaella laterimaculata (Yan & Zheng 1984) -- (Son & He 2001:4 [ref. 25331], Chen & Chen 2005:1645 [ref. 28174], Son & He 2005:239 [ref. 29190], Kottelat 2012:37 [ref. 32367] with question, Chen et al. 2017:505 [ref. 35645]). •Valid as Cobitis laterimaculata Yan & Zheng 1984 -- (Zhu 1995:126 [ref. 25213], Kim et al. 1999:375 [ref. 25348], Zhang et al. 2016:151 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis laterimaculata Yan & Zheng 1984. Cobitidae. Distribution: Yongjiang River basin, China. Habitat: freshwater.

lebedevi, Cobitis Vasil'eva [E. D.] & Vasil'ev [V. P.] 1985:464, Figs. 1-3 [Zoologicheskii Zhurnal v. 64 (no. 3); ref. 17282] Amur River near Elabuge, Russia. Holotype: ZMMU P-16252. Paratypes: ZMMU P-16252-54 (1, 2, 9). Type catalog: Vasil'eva et al. 2001:23 [ref. 25714]. For remarks on systematics see Kottelat 2006:57 [ref. 28831]. •Valid as Iksookimia lebedevi (Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 1985) -- (Kottelat 2006:57 [ref. 28831]). •Synonym of Cobitis choii Kim & Son 1984 -- (Reshetnikov et al. 1997:743 [ref. 24702], Vasil'eva 1998:97 [ref. 23591], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 1998:605 [ref. 24120], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:336 [ref. 30085]). •Valid as Cobitis lebedevi Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 1985 -- (Kim et al. 1999:378 [ref. 25348], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:104 [ref. 28183], Kottelat 2012:26 [ref. 32367], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Dyldin et al. 2020:95 [ref. 37569]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis lebedevi Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 1985. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Russia, Mongolia and China. Habitat: freshwater.

leopardus, Misgurnus mohoity Nichols [J. T.] 1925:6 [American Museum Novitates No. 169; ref. 15550] Tungting Lake, Hunan Province, China. Holotype: AMNH 8397. •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Chen 1981:28 [ref. 8242], Vasil'eva 2001:589 [ref. 25617], Kottelat 2012:35 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

leptocephala, Ussuria Nikolskii [A. M.] 1903:362 [7] [Ezhegodnik. Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Akademii Nauk SSSR. v. 8 (for 1903); ref. 3203] Ussuri River, Russia/China boundry; Kerulen [Cherulu] River, eastern Mongolia. Syntypes: ZIN 10655 (1) Ussuri R., 12791 (1) Kerulen R. On p. 7 of separate. •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:49 [ref. 22798]). •Synonym of Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski 1869) -- (Vasil'eva et al. 2003:450 [ref. 27169], Kottelat 2006:58 [ref. 28831], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:337 [ref. 30085], Kottelat 2012:36 [ref. 32367], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:669 [ref. 34853]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski 1869). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

leptosoma, Cobitis Chen [Y.-X.], Sui [X.-Y.], He [D.-K.] & Chen [Y.-F.] 2015:4, Figs. 2-3 [Folia Zoologica: international journal of vertebrate zoology. v. 64 (no. 1); ref. 35710] River Lijiang, a tributary of the River Xijiang, River Pearl basin, Lingchuan County, Guangxi, China, 25°41'N, 110°32'E. Holotype: IHB 587834. Paratypes: IHB. •Valid as Cobitis leptosoma Chen, Sui, He & Chen 2015 -- (Chen et al. 2018:167 [ref. 35932], Tan et al. 2019:171 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis leptosoma Chen, Sui, He & Chen 2015. Cobitidae. Distribution: Lijang River drainage, Pearl River basin, Guangxi Province, southern China. Habitat: freshwater.

levantina, Cobitis Krupp [F.] & Moubayed [J.] 1992:14, Figs. 1-8 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 72 (nos 1/3) [1991]; ref. 20052] Outflow of Buhairat Hims near Qattina, 34°40'N, 36°37'E, Syria. Holotype: SMF 24371. Paratypes: BMNH 1968.12.13.66-68 (3); HUJ 9884 (1); MIZT 2888:2059 (4); SMF 24372-75 (2, 1, 1, 2), 24391 (1). Type catalog: Golani 2006:23 [ref. 28840]. •Valid as Cobitis levantina Krupp & Moubayed 1992 -- (Erk'akan et al. 1999:25 [ref. 25143], Fricke et al. 2007:48 [ref. 29533], Kottelat 2012:26 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341], Freyhof et al. 2018:23 [ref. 36385], Bayçelebi 2020:758 [ref. 37964], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Saad et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40501], Çiçek et al. 2024:52 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis levantina Krupp & Moubayed 1992. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: upper Orontes River system (Syria and Turkey); Litani River drainage (Lebanon). Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

lidi, Pangio Hadiaty [R. K.] & Kottelat [M.] 2009:65, Figs. 1-2 [Zootaxa No. 2171; ref. 30302] Mahakam River basin, Ulu Belayan, Sungai Petunk Kanan, 0°32'06"N, 116°10'55"E, eastern Borneo. Holotype: MZB 16528. Paratypes: CMK 20805 (1). •Valid as Pangio lidi Hadiaty & Kottelat 2009 -- (Kottelat 2012:38 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:183 [ref. 32989], Anoop et al. 2019:149 [ref. 37005]). Current status: Valid as Pangio lidi Hadiaty & Kottelat 2009. Cobitidae. Distribution: Mahakam River basin, eastern Borneo, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

linea, Acanthopsis Heckel [J. J.] 1847:267 [Reisen in Europa, Asien und Africa v. 2 (pt 3); ref. 2068] Creeks at Persepolis, Iran. Syntypes: NMW 48560 or 48450 (7). •Valid as Cobitis linea (Heckel 1847) -- (Bianco & Nalbant 1980:903 [ref. 22380], Coad & Sarieyyüpoglu 1988:429 [ref. 9105], Coad 1995:21 [ref. 23608], Coad 1996:71 [ref. 25297], Nalbant & Bianco 1998:120 [ref. 23810], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Vassilev 1998:283 [ref. 24118], Esmaeili et al. 2010:372 [ref. 33391], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2011:929 [ref. 31700], Kottelat 2012:26 [ref. 32367], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:567 [ref. 33668], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:882 [ref. 34062], Teimori et al. 2015:90 [ref. 34095], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2017:124 [ref. 35196], Eagderi et al. 2017:52 [ref. 35199], Esmaeili et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:41 [ref. 36089], Freyhof et al. 2018:24 [ref. 36385], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:157 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:53 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis linea (Heckel 1847). Cobitidae. Distribution: West Asia: Kor River drainage, central Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

lividus, Nemachilus Sauvage [H.-E.] & Dabry de Thiersant [P.] 1874:15 [Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris (Zoologie et Paléontologie) (Sér. 6) v. 1 (art. 5); ref. 15665] China. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-5237 (2). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:95 [ref. 19574]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Chen 1981:28 [ref. 8242], Kottelat 2012:35 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

longibarba, Niwaella Chen [Y.-F.] & Chen [Y.-X.] 2005:1647, Figs. 1D, 2B, 3B, 4B, 5 [Journal of Natural History v. 39 (no. 19); ref. 28174] Cao'ejiang River, Huangzezhen, 29°36.3'N, 120°54.5'E, Chengxian County, Zhejiang Province, China. Holotype: 9607011. Paratypes: 9607012-55 (2). Plus non-type material. Specimens kept in FFM, IHB CAS [IHCAS]. •Valid as Niwaella longibarba Chen & Chen 2005 -- (Kottelat 2012:37 [ref. 32367] with question, Chen et al. 2017:505 [ref. 35645]). •Valid as Cobitis longibarba (Chen & Chen 2005). Current status: Valid as Cobitis longibarba (Chen & Chen 2005). Cobitidae. Distribution: Cao'ejiang River basin, China. Habitat: freshwater.

longicorpus, Cobitis Kim [I.-S.], Choi [K.-C.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1976:172, Figs. 1-2 [Korean Journal of Zoology v. 19 (no. 4); ref. 7345] Tributary of the Seomjin River at Bogheung Myon, Sunchang Gun, Jeonrabug Do, South Korea. Holotype: CNU 505. Paratypes: CNU 506-512 (7). •Valid as Iksookimia longicorpus (Kim, Choi & Nalbant 1976) [sometimes as longicorpa] -- (Kim & Park 1997:252 [ref. 23149], Kim 1997:298 [ref. 24032], Kim et al. 1999:172 [ref. 25431], Kim & Park 2002:214 [ref. 25913], Choi et al. 2003:177, 521 [ref. 26218], Jang et al. 2003:119 [ref. 27681], Kim 2009:13 [ref. 30457], Chae & Yoon 2010:101 [ref. 31571], Kottelat 2012:30 [ref. 32367], Chen et al. 2013:380 [ref. 32679]). •Valid as Cobitis longicorpus Kim, Choi & Nalbant 1976 -- (Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Chen & Chen 2016:388 [ref. 34890]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis longicorpus Kim, Choi & Nalbant 1976. Cobitidae. Distribution: Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

longicostatus, Protocobitis Zhou [J.-J.], Qin [Z.-X.], Du [L.-N.] & Wu [H.-Y.] 2024:2, Figs. 1A-H [Zoological Science v. 41; ref. 40870] Karst cave at Longsang Town, tributary of the Youjiang River, Debao County, Baise City, Guangxi, China, 23.4616°N, 106.8391°E, Holotype: KIZ 2023000005. Paratypes: KIZ 202200001-2 (2), KIZ 2023000007-8 (2). •Valid as Protocobitis longicostatus Zhou, Qin, Du & Wu 2024. Current status: Valid as Protocobitis longicostatus Zhou, Qin, Du & Wu 2024. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: cave system at Longsang Town, Right River drainage, Guangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

longimanus, Pangio Britz [R.] & Kottelat [M.] 2010:373, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 20 (no. 4) [Dec. 2009]; ref. 30691] Confluence of Nam Leuk and Nam Gnong streams, 18°22'04"N, 103°05'27"E, Vientiane Province, Laos. Holotype: ZRC 51933. Paratypes: CMK 199692 (2). •Valid as Pangio longimanus Britz & Kottelat 2010 -- (Kottelat 2012:39 [ref. 32367], Valis'eva & Vasil'ev 2012:665 [ref. 32477], Kottelat 2013:183 [ref. 32989], Anoop et al. 2019:149 [ref. 37005]). Current status: Valid as Pangio longimanus Britz & Kottelat 2010. Cobitidae. Distribution: Mekong River drainage, Central Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

longipinnis, Acanthophthalmus Menon [A. G. K.] 1992:93, Fig. 10 (a-c) [The fauna of India and the adjacent countries; ref. 23970] Kharangpat Lake, 20 kilometers south of Imphal, Manipur, India. Holotype (unique): SRS/ZSI 3371. •Valid as Acanthophthalmus longipinnis Menon 1992 -- (Karmakar 2000:31 [ref. 25662]). •Valid as Pangio longipinnis (Menon 1992) -- (Menon 1999:166 [ref. 24904], Raju Thomas et al. 1999:479 [ref. 25441]). •A synonym of Lepidocephalichthys berdmorei (Blyth 1860) -- (Kottelat 2012:32 [ref. 32367] with question, Kottelat 2013:179 [ref. 32989] with question). •A speces of Lepidocephalichthys -- (Britz et al. 2012:47 [ref. 32066]). Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys longipinnis (Menon 1992). Cobitidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

longitaeniatus, Cobitis Ngô [S. V.] 2008:1[?66], Fig. 1 [Science and Technology journal of Agriculture & Rural Development (Nông Nghiêp & Phát Triên Nông Thôn) No. 122 (no. 5); ref. 29980] Quang Binh Binh Province, Bo Trach District, Phong Nha, So trach, 17°30'N, 106°15"E, Vietnam. Holotype: RIA 1. Paratypes: (7) Original description not yet translated; appeared in second work with similar title as Cobitis longitaenia and Cobitis longitaeniatus. Also spelled longitaenia on p. 67. •Questionably a synonym of Cobitis laoensis (Sauvage 1878) -- (Kottelat 2012:26 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Cobitis laoensis (Sauvage 1878). Cobitidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

lorentzi, Acanthophthalmus Weber [M.] & de Beaufort [L. F.] 1916:32, Fig. 12 [Fishes Indo-Australian Archipelago v. 3; ref. 4604] Upper Kapuas River at Putussibau, Borneo. Holotype (unique): ZMA 103259. Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:26 [ref. 19236]. •Valid as Lepidocephalichthys lorentzi (Weber & de Beaufort 1916) -- (Roberts 1989:104 [ref. 6439], Kottelat et al. 1993:59 [ref. 23448], Doi 1997:14 [ref. 22832], Kottelat & Tan 2008:70 [ref. 29956], Havird & Page 2010:145 [ref. 30739], Kottelat 2012:34 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2017:713 [ref. 35678]). Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys lorentzi (Weber & de Beaufort 1916). Cobitidae. Distribution: Upper Kapuas River, Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

lumbriciformis, Pangio Britz [R.] & Maclaine [J. S.] 2007:22, Fig. 4 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 18 (no. 1); ref. 29149] Nan Kwe stream, near Myitkina, Ayeyarwaddy basin, Myanmar. Holotype: BMNH 2006.9.29.6. Paratypes: BMNH 2006.9.29.7-10 (4). •Valid as Pangio lumbriciformis Britz & Maclaine 2007 -- (Tan & Kottelat 2009:61 [ref. 30261], Hadiaty & Kottelat 2009:68 [ref. 30302], Kottelat 2012:39 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:183 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Pangio lumbriciformis Britz & Maclaine 2007. Cobitidae. Distribution: Irrawaddy basin, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

lutheri, Cobitis taenia Rendahl [H.] 1935:330, Figs. 1-4 [Memoranda Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica v. 10 (for 3 Mar. 1934); ref. 15674] Lake Khanka [Chanka] basin, Ussuri cachement, Amur System, North Asia. NRM 10813. Paralectotypes: NRM 10810-12 (1, 1, 1), MZH (1). Rendahl 1935:330 designated 2 specimens as holotypes, but designation is not clear; neither is the holotype (Ahlander pers. comm., 20 July 2015). Lectotype designated by Vasil'eva et al. 2016:582 [ref. 34979]. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758 -- (Berg 1949:891 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies lutheri Rendahl 1935 -- (Kim 1980:440 [ref. 39488]). •Valid as Cobitis lutheri Rendahl 1935 -- (Chen 1981:25 [ref. 8242], Zhu 1995:127 [ref. 25213], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:48 [ref. 22798], Kim 1997:307 [ref. 24032], Nikiforov et al. 1997:330 [ref. 24694], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:743 [ref. 24702], Vasil'eva 1998:97 [ref. 23591], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 1998:605 [ref. 24120], Kim et al. 1999:378 [ref. 25348], Zemnukhov et al. 2001:420 [ref. 25412], Pietsch et al. 2001:140 [ref. 25688], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:44 [ref. 26178], Kim & Park 2002:224 [ref. 25913], Choi et al. 2003:177, 519 [ref. 26218], Kim et al. 2003:7 [ref. 26956], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:105 [ref. 28183], Son & He 2005:238 [ref. 29190], Chen & Chen 2007:104 [ref. 29350], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:337 [ref. 30085], Kim 2009:10 [ref. 30457], Chen & Chen 2011:150 [ref. 31435], Chen et al. 2013:382 [ref. 32679], Chen & Chen 2013:94 [ref. 32990], Parin et al. 2014:98 [ref. 33547], Perdices et al. 2014:35 [ref. 35463], Chen et al. 2015:15 [ref. 35710], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266] and cf. lutheri, Zhang et al. 2016:151 [ref. 34477], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:668 [ref. 34853], Chen & Chen 2016:390 [ref. 34890], Vasil'eva et al. 2016:581 [ref. 34979], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Tan et al. 2019:169 [ref. 36712], Jeon et al. 2020:[3] [ref. 37477], Dyldin et al. 2021:18 [ref. 38804], Dyldin & Orlov 2021:62 [ref. 38158], Dyldin et al. 2023:[4] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis lutheri Rendahl 1935. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: northeastern China to Russia. Western Korea records are based on Cobitis nalbani [ref. 34979]. Habitat: freshwater.

macrochir, Cobitis Bleeker [P.] 1854:97 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 16939] Confluence of Lamatang and Enim rivers, Palembang, eastern Sumatra; Pepeh River, Surakarta, central Java, Indonesia. RMNH. Syntypes: (5) BMNH 1866.5.2.55 (1) no locality. •Valid as Lepidocephalus macrochir (Bleeker 1854) -- (Roberts 1989:106 [ref. 6439], Kottelat et al. 1993:59 [ref. 23448], Doi 1997:14 [ref. 22832], Kottelat 2013:180 [ref. 32989], Deein et al. 2014:342 [ref. 33210]). Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalus macrochir (Bleeker 1854). Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: eastern Sumatra, central Java, southern Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

macrophthalmus, Cobitis kuschakewitschi kuschakewitschi var. Turdakov [F. A.] & Piskarev [K. V.] 1955:67 [Trudy Institut zoologii i parazitologii, Kirgizskii filial Akademii nauk SSSR v. 3; ref. 12235] Not available, infrasubspecific -- a variety of a subspecies; from Amu-Darya River, Uzbekistan. Infrasubspecific. Cobitidae.

macrorhynchos, Cobitis Bleeker [P.] 1854:95 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 16939] Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: (8) ?BMNH 1866.5.2.40 (1); RMNH 7057 (5). Unnecessary replacement name for Acantopsis dialuzona v. Hasselt 1823. Invalid lectotype selection by Alfred 1961:34 [ref. 20552], he dated species to 1857 [ref. 13960] with locality Borneo or Java; the original locality in 1854 was Java. •Synonym of Acantopsis choirorhynchos (Bleeker 1854) -- (Menon 1992:102 [ref. 23970] as macrorhynchus and choirorhynchus). •Synonym of Acantopis dialuzona van Hasselt 1823 --- (Kottelat 2012:22 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:177 [ref. 32989], Boyd et al. 2017:163 [ref. 35656]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Acantopsis dialuzona van Hasselt 1823. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

macrostigma, Cobitis Dabry de Thiersant [P.] 1872:191, Pl. 49 (fig. 4) [La pisciculture et la pêche en Chine; ref. 12507] Lakes in central China, Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. Holotype: MNHN 0000-5089. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:92 [ref. 19574]. Appeared as Lepidocephalichthys macrostigma in Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874:16 [ref. 15665]. •Valid as Cobitis macrostigma Dabry de Thiersant 1872 -- (Chen 1981:25 [ref. 8242], Zhu 1995:127 [ref. 25213], Kim et al. 1999:379 [ref. 25348], Son & He 2005:238 [ref. 29190], Chen & Chen 2007:104 [ref. 29350], Chen et al. 2013:382 [ref. 32679], Chen & Chen 2013:94 [ref. 32990], Chen et al. 2015:14 [ref. 35710], Zhang et al. 2016:152 [ref. 34477], Tan et al. 2019:169 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis macrostigma Dabry de Thiersant 1872. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Yangtze River drainage, China. Habitat: freshwater.

maculata, Cobitis Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1846:221, Pl. 103 (figs. 2-2a) [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Japan. No types known for sure. Type information: Boeseman 1947:166 [ref. 12876]. See Boeseman 1947 and see Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989] for information on types. •Synonym of Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Okada 1961:534 [ref. 6363]). •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Chen 1981:28 [ref. 8242], Kottelat 2012:35 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

maculatus, Misgurnus Bleeker [P.] 1872:146 [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 4; ref. 431] Not available, nomen nudum; from China. •In the synonymy of Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski 1869) -- (Kottelat 2006:58 [ref. 28831], Kottelat 2012:36 [ref. 32367]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski 1869). Cobitidae.

maculatus, Platacanthus Day [F.] 1868:941 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867 (pt 3) (art. 7); ref. 21114] Madras, India. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1868.10.27.36. Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:157 [ref. 23762]. •Valid as Enobarbichthys maculatus (Day 1868) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:519 [ref. 20764], Menon 1992:85 [ref. 23970], Menon 1999:165 [ref. 24904]). •Apparently should be treated as Enobarbus maculatus (Day 1868). •Synonym [a teratological male] of Lepidocephalichthys thermalis (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Harant & Bohlen 2010:2443 [ref. 31092], Kottelat 2012:34 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys thermalis (Valenciennes 1846). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

maeotica, Sabanejewia Vasil'eva [E. D.] & Vasil'ev [V. P.] 2023:[3], Figs. 1-3 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 63 (no. 2); ref. 40114] Don River at Donskoye, Lipetsk region, Russia. Holotype: ZMMU P-24519. Paratypes: ZMMU P-21830 (11). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Sabanejewia maeotica Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2023 -- (Dyldin et al. 2023:[7] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Sabanejewia maeotica Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2023. Cobitidae. Distribution: Eastern Europe: Don River basin and possibly the Volga River basin, Russia. Habitat: freshwater.

magnostriata, Cobitis Nakajima [J.] 2012:118, Fig. 3E, 5E, 6E, and 7 C and D [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32326] Small stream flowing into Biwa Lake, Adogawa, Shiga Pref., Honshu, Japan. Holotype: TKPM-P17344. Paratypes: FRLM 24920 (1); KPM-NI29506 (1); MPM-FI1504 (1); JNC 049 (1), 040 (1). Plus not-type specimens. •Valid as Cobitis magnostriata Nakajima 2012 -- (Nakajima 2016:126 [ref. 34247], Miuchi 2022:38 [ref. 39924]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis magnostriata Nakajima 2012. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Shiga Prefecture and Kyoto Prefecture (central Japan). Habitat: freshwater.

malayanus, Acanthophthalmus kuhlii Tweedie [M. W. F.] 1956:58, Pl. 6a [Bulletin of the Raffles Museum No. 27; ref. 12237] Tahan River, Pahang, Malaysia. Holotype: BMNH 1957.1.23.1. Paratypes: BMNH 1957.1.23.2-3 (2), ZRC 1444 (2). Type catalog: Alfred 1970:70 [ref. 23931]. The holotype is apparently at the BMNH and not ZRC 1444 as given by Burridge 1992:185 [ref. 19452]. •Synonym of Acanthophthalmus kuhlii (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Burridge 1992:181 [ref. 19452]). •Valid as Pangio malayana (Tweedie 1956) -- (Kottelat & Lim 1993:231 [ref. 21437], Doi 1997:15 [ref. 22832], Ng & Tan 1999:357 [ref. 24159], Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:158 [ref. 28284], Kottelat 2012:39 [ref. 32367], Valis'eva & Vasil'ev 2012:666 [ref. 32477], Kottelat 2013:183 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Pangio malayana (Tweedie 1956). Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

manipurensis, Lepidocephalichthys Arunkumar [L.] 2000:1097, Figs. 4-5 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 57 (no.5 ); ref. 25767] Lairok maru, tributary of Lokchao River near Moreh, Chandel District, Manipur, India. Holotype: MUMF 2250/1A. Paratypes: MUMF 2250/30A (30). •Valid as Lepidocephalichthys manipurensis Arunkumar 2000 -- (Havird & Page 2010:149 [ref. 30739]). •Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys micropogon (Blyth 1860) -- (Kottelat 2012:34 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:180 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys micropogon (Blyth 1860). Cobitidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

mariae, Acanthophthalmus Inger [R. F.] & Chin [P. K.] 1962:118, Fig. 56 [Fieldiana Zoology v. 45; ref. 12303] Sabah, tributary of Kinabatangan at Deramakot, Kinabatangan District, Malaysia. Holotype: FMNH 68161. Paratypes: BMNH 1960.12.30.6-7 [ex FMNH 68162] (2); Chin coll. [ex FMNH 68163] (5); FMNH 68162 (41, now 37), 68163 (57, now 50), 68164-65 (14, 2); RMNH 23739 [ex FMNH] (2); ZRC 941 [? ex Chin coll.] (5). Type catalog: Alfred 1970:70 [ref. 23931], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:4 [ref. 12367]. Originally as mariae but named for two women named Mary, so corrected to mariarum, now in use. •Questionably a synonym of Acantophthalmus oblongus (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Roberts 1989:98 [ref. 6439]). •Valid as Pangio mariarum (Inger & Chin 1962) -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:60 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Lim 1996:238 [ref. 23210], Doi 1997:15 [ref. 22832], Martin-Smith & Tan 1998:589 [ref. 23647], Kottelat 2012:39 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:183 [ref. 32989], Sulaiman et al. 2018:30 [ref. 35802], Wilkinson & Tan 2018:601 [ref. 36226]). Current status: Valid as Pangio mariarum (Inger & Chin 1962). Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Northern Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

maroccana, Cobitis taenia var. Pellegrin [J.] 1929:524, Fig. [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 54 (no. 5); ref. 15942] Morocco. Syntypes: MNHN 1922-0084 to 0085 (2), 1925-0372 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:93 [ref. 19574]. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758 -- (Roberts 1984:343 [ref. 6182]). •Valid as Cobitis maroccana Pellegrin 1929 -- (Doadrio & Perdices 1997:59 [ref. 22679], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis maroccana Pellegrin 1929. Cobitidae. Distribution: Europe and northern Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

matsubarae, Cobitis taenia Okada [Y.] & Ikeda [H.] 1939:91 et seq. [Sci. Rept. Tokyo Bunrika Daigaku, Sec. B. v. 4 (no. 69); ref. 22727] Japan. No types known. Type information: Hayashi 1995 [ref. 22717]. Appeared as nom. nov. for the non-biwae populations of Cobitis taenia japonica Temminck & Schlegel 1846, but biwae was itself a replacement for japonica [WNE, 10 Mar. 2012]. Here regarded as a new subspecies description; see Sawada & Aizawa 1983 [ref. 27179]. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Okada 1961:563 [ref. 6363]). •Valid as Cobitis matsubarae Okada & Ikeda 1939 (often seen as matsubarai) -- (Watanabe 1998:263 [ref. 23491], Nakabo 2000:274 [ref. 25086], Matsuura et al. 2000:165 [ref. 26000], Kitagawa et al. 2001:250 [ref. 25686], Nakabo 2002:274 [ref. 26001], Nakajima 2016:125 [ref. 34247], Chen & Chen 2016:388 [ref. 34890], Tan et al. 2019:172 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis matsubarae Okada & Ikeda 1939. Cobitidae. Distribution: Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

maya, Cobitis Sykes [W. H.] 1839:162 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1838 (pt 6) (for 27 Nov. 1838); ref. 18720] Deccan, India. No types known. Appeared first as above, then in Sykes 1839:59 [ref. 4306]; more complete treatment in Sykes 1841:367 [ref. 18868]. •Synonym of Lepidocephalus guntea (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1992:54 [ref. 23970], Menon 1999:161 [ref. 24904]). •Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton 1822) -- (Havird & Page 2010:153 [ref. 30739], Kottelat 2012:33 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:179 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

maydelli, Neoeucirrhichthys Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1968:349, Figs. 14-15 [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 65; ref. 6554] Janali River at Raimona, Goalpara District, Brahmaputra drainage, northeastern India. Holotype (unique): ZMH H 3609. Type catalog: Wilkens 1977:158 [ref. 22013]. •Valid as Neoeucirrhichthys maydelli Bănărescu & Nalbant 1968 -- (Ataur Rahman 1989:160 [ref. 24860], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:529 [ref. 20764], Menon 1992:96 [ref. 23970], Menon 1999:167 [ref. 24904], Ataur Rahman 2003:180 [ref. 31338], Edds & Ng 2007:128 [ref. 29199], Shrestha 2008:138[ref. 29923], Kottelat & Tan 2008:71 [ref. 29956], Kottelat 2012:37 [ref. 32367], Bleher 2018:316 [ref. 36647]). Current status: Valid as Neoeucirrhichthys maydelli Bănărescu & Nalbant 1968. Cobitidae. Distribution: South Asia: Brahmaputra basin, India, Nepal and Bangladesh. Habitat: freshwater.

megaspila, Cobitis Nalbant [T. T.] 1993:108, Figs. 24-28 [Revue Roumaine de Biologie, Série de Biologie Animale v. 38 (no. 2); ref. 21345] Danube River delta at Caraorman, Romania. Holotype: ISBB 4497. Paratypes: ISBB 4498-4500 (20, 2, 12); MGAB 49925 (5). •Synonym of Cobitis elongatoides Băcescu & Mayer 1969 -- (Kottelat 2012:25 [ref. 32367]). •Valid as Cobitis megaspila Nalbant 1993 -- (Kottelat 1997:88 [ref. 22952], Parin et al. 2014:99 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis megaspila Nalbant 1993. Cobitidae. Distribution: Eastern Europe: lower Danube basin, Romania and possibly Moldova. Habitat: freshwater.

melanoleuca, Cobitis taenia Nichols [J. T.] 1925:3 [American Museum Novitates No. 170; ref. 15551] Chin-ssu, Shansi Province, China. Holotype: AMNH 8403. Paratypes: FMNH 14829 (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:27 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Cobitis sinensis Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874 -- (Chen 1981:24 [ref. 8242]). •Valid as Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols 1925 -- (Kim 1997:310 [ref. 24032], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:743 [ref. 24702], Vasil'eva 1998:98 [ref. 23591], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 1998:605 [ref. 24120], Kim et al. 2000:224 [ref. 25434], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:44 [ref. 26178], Choi et al. 2003:177, 519 [ref. 26218], Sideleva 2001:54 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:11 [ref. 27815], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:105 [ref. 28183], Kottelat 2006:56 [ref. 28831], Ocock et al. 2006:30 [ref. 28933], Prokofiev 2007:118 [ref. 29368], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:309 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:337 [ref. 30085], Interesova et al. 2010:281 [ref. 31016] with subspecies, Chen & Chen 2011:150 [ref. 31435], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2011:928 [ref. 31700], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2012:205 [ref. 31976], Chen & Chen 2013:94 [ref. 32990], Parin et al. 2014:99 [ref. 33547], Perdices et al. 2014:35 [ref. 35463], Chen et al. 2015:14 [ref. 35710], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:561 [ref. 33668], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:668 [ref. 34853], Chen & Chen 2016:390 [ref. 34890], Tan et al. 2019:172 [ref. 36712], Vasil'eva et al. 2020:150 [ref. 37810], Dyldin et al. 2021:18 [ref. 38804] with question, Dyldin & Orlov 2021:63 [ref. 38158], Pozdeev et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39511], Dyldin et al. 2023:[5] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols 1925. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Yellow, Hai and Luan rivers (northern China); Don River basin and Sakhalin Island (Russia). Habitat: freshwater.

mellaria, Cobitis Doadrio [I.] & Perea [S.] in Doadrio, Sousa-Santos, Robalo & Perea 2023:[16], Figs. 11-12 [Limnetica v. 43 (no. 2); ref. 40299] Valle River, Valle Drainage, Tarifa, Cádiz, Spain, 36°05'53.0"N, 5°42'02.6"W, elevation 8 meters. Holotype: MNCN ICTIO 272860. Paratypes: MNCN. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Cobitis mellaria Doadrio & Perea 2023. Current status: Valid as Cobitis mellaria Doadrio & Perea 2023. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southwestern Europe: Valle River, Valle Drainage, Tarifa, Cádiz, Spain. Habitat: freshwater.

menoni, Lepidocephalichthys Pillai [R. S.] & Yazdani [G. M.] 1976:13, Fig. 1 [Journal of the Zoological Society of India v. 26 (no. 1-2) [for 1974]; ref. 7382] Someswari River at Baghmara, South Garo Hills District, Meghalaya State, India. Holotype: V/ERS 551 [temporarily at ZSI, Shillong]. Paratypes: (10) V/ERS 552 (8), V/ERS 553 (2) [temporarily at ZSI, Shillong]. See Das 2003:352 [ref. 27706]. •Synonym of Lepidocephalus annandalei (Chaudhuri 1912) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:522 [ref. 20764]). •Valid as Lepidocephalus menoni (Pillai & Yazdani 1976) -- (Menon 1992:69 [ref. 23970], Sen 1999:199 [ref. 24750], Menon 1999:163 [ref. 24904]). •Valid as Lepidocephalichthys menoni Pillae & Yazdani 1976 -- (Arunkumar 2000:1103 [ref. 25767], Edds & Ng 2007:128 [ref. 29199], Shrestha 2008:138 [ref. 29923], Bleher 2018:298 [ref. 36647]). •Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys annandalei Chaudhuri 1912 -- (Havird & Page 2010:146 [ref. 30739], Kottelat 2012:32 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys annandalei Chaudhuri 1912. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

meridionalis, Cobitis taenia var. Karaman [S.] 1924:75 [Pisces Macedoniae; ref. 15902] Lake Prespa and its small tributaries, Republic of Macedonia. Syntypes: (several) IEBMT. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Lelek 1987:247 [ref. 22962]). •Valid as Cobitis meridionalis Karaman 1924 -- (Economidis & Nalbant 1996:308 [ref. 23723], Kottelat 1997:88 [ref. 22952], Erk'akan et al. 1999:25 [ref. 25143], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:309 [ref. 29996], Barbieri et al. 2015:72 [ref. 35029], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Shumka et al. 2023:37 [ref. 40747]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis meridionalis Karaman 1924. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Lakes Prespa (Greece, Macedonia and Albania). Habitat: freshwater.

microcephala, Cobitis Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.] 2011:147, Figs. 3A-E, 4B [Folia Zoologica: international journal of vertebrate zoology. v. 60 (no. 2); ref. 31435] Nanliu River drainage, 22°28'N, 109°95'E, tributary of the Pearl River, Bobai County, Guangxi Province, China. Holotype: IHASW 0605135. Paratypes: IHASW 0605138 (1), 0605205-210 (6). •Valid as Cobitis microcephala Chen & Chen 2011 -- (Chen et al. 2013:382 [ref. 32679], Chen & Chen 2013:94 [ref. 32990], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989], Chen et al. 2015:15 [ref. 35710], Zhang et al. 2016:152 [ref. 34477], Chen et al. 2018:167 [ref. 35932], Tan et al. 2019:169 [ref. 36712]), Current status: Valid as Cobitis microcephala Chen & Chen 2011. Cobitidae. Distribution: Nanliu and Beiliu River drainages, Guangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

microculum, Bibarba 2013:155 [Science Press, Beijing; ref. 32910] •Name mentioned in passage, status uncertain. In the synonymy of Bibarba parvoculus Wu, Yang & Xiu 2015? Nomen Nudum. Current status: Unknown. Cobitidae.

micropogon, Acanthopis Blyth [E.] 1860:168 [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 29 (no. 2); ref. 477] Tenasserim provinces, Myanmar (probably Sittang River basin). No types known. Original genus should have been Acanthopsis Agasssiz 1832. •Valid as Lepidocephalus micropogon (Blyth 1860) -- (Menon 1992:80 [ref. 23970]). •Valid as Lepidocephalichthys micropogon (Blyth 1860) -- (Arunkumar 2000:1103 [ref. 25767], Havird & Page 2010:148 [ref. 30739], Kottelat 2012:34 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:180 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2017:713 [ref. 35678], Bleher 2018:310 [ref. 36647]). Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys micropogon (Blyth 1860). Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia: India, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

micropus, Cobitis Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:29 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] China. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5688. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:95 [ref. 19574]. •Synonym of Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Okada 1961:534 [ref. 6363]). •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Chen 1981:28 [ref. 8242], Kottelat 2012:35 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

minamorii, Cobitis Nakajima [J.] 2012:119, Figs. 3E, 5F, 6F, 7A and B [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32326] Kagato River, Yoshii River system, Setouchi, Okayama Pref., Honshu, Japan. Holotype: TKPM-P17345. Paratypes: KPM-NI29507 (1), NI9225 (1); MPM-FI1505 (1). Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Cobitis minamorii Nakajima 2012 -- (Nakajima 2016:125 [ref. 34247]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis minamorii Nakajima 2012. Cobitidae. Distribution: Honshu, Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

minhi, Cobitis Ngô [S. V.] 2008:3, Fig. 3 [Science and Technology journal of Agriculture & Rural Development (Nông Nghiêp & Phát Triên Nông Thôn) No. 122 (no. 5); ref. 29980] Holotype. Need translation. •Valid as Cobitis minhi Ngô 2008. Current status: Valid as Cobitis minhi Ngô 2008. Cobitidae. Distribution: Quang Binh province, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

misgurnoides, Cobitis Rendahl [H.] 1944:21, Fig. 10 [Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps-och Vitterhets-Samhälles Handlingar (Ser. 6 B) v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 3705] Lake Thua Luu, 50 kilometers south of [Da Nang] Hué, Vietnam. Holotype: NKMG. Paratypes: (25). •Valid as Cobitis misgurnoides Rendahl 1944 -- (Doi 1997:14 [ref. 22832], Kim et al. 1999:376 [ref. 25348], Freyhof & Serov 2000:214 [ref. 35928]). •Valid as Microcobitis misgurnoides (Rendahl 1944) -- (Bohlen & Harant 2011:295 [ref. 31186], Kottelat 2012:34 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2015:45 [ref. 33971] as aff. misgurnoides). Current status: Valid as Microcobitis misgurnoides (Rendahl 1944). Cobitidae. Distribution: Vietnam and Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

mizolepis, Misgurnus Günther [A.] 1888:434 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 1 (no. 6); ref. 14483] Chang Jianf [Yangtze River] at Kiu-Kiang [Chiu-chiang], China. Syntypes: BMNH 1888.3.23.83-85 (3). Also appeared as new in Günther 1891:249 [ref. 14508]. •Valid as Misgurnus mizolepis Günther 1888 -- (Mai 1978:227 [ref. 13511], Wang 1984:79 [ref. 22951], Menon 1992:52 [ref. 23970], Kim & Pak 1995:54 [ref. 23596] as myzolepis, Kim 1997:289 [ref. 24032], Fuller et al. 1999:176 [ref. 25838], Kottelat 2001:51 [ref. 25482], Kim & Park 2002:202 [ref. 25913], Choi et al. 2003:178, 518 [ref. 26218], Jang et al. 2003:119 [ref. 27681], Kim 2009:21 [ref. 30457] with genus as Misgurnus). •Synonym of Paramisgurnus dabryanus Guichenot 1872 -- (Vasil'eva 2001:586 [ref. 25617], Kottelat 2012:40 [ref. 32367]). •Synonym of Misgurnus dabryanus (Guichenot 1872). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus dabryanus (Guichenot 1872). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

mohoity, Cobitis fossilis var. Dybowski [B. N.] 1869:957 [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 19; ref. 1169] Lakes of Onon and Ingoda river system, Amur River basin, Russia. Syntypes: NMW 80070 (4), 83462 (1). •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Berg 1949:901 [ref. 20661], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:49 [ref. 22798], Vasil'eva 1998:101 [ref. 23591]). •Valid as Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski 1869) -- (Chen 1981:28 [ref. 8242], Zhu 1995:128 [ref. 25213], Vasil'eva 2001:587 [ref. 25617], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:45 [ref. 26178], Vasil'eva et al. 2003:450 [ref. 27169], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:109 [ref. 28183], Kottelat 2006:58 [ref. 28831], Ocock et al. 2006:30 [ref. 28933], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:337 [ref. 30085], Kottelat 2012:36 [ref. 32367], Zhang et al. 2016:153 [ref. 34477], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:669 [ref. 34853], Dyldin et al. 2021:19 [ref. 38804], Dyldin & Orlov 2021:63 [ref. 38158], Zhang et al. 2021:419 [ref. 38246], Shedko & Vasil'eva 2022:11 [ref. 39201], Dyldin et al. 2023:[6] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski 1869). Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Amur River basin, Russia, Mongolia and China. Habitat: freshwater.

molobrion, Acanthopsoides Siebert [D. J.] 1991:107, Fig. 8 [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 38 (no. 2); ref. 20084] Bo River [= Sungai Boh], Mahakam River basin, Kalimantan Tiimur, Indonesia. Holotype: RMNH 31273. Paratypes: RMNH 30347 (6). Plus non-type material. •Synonym of Aperioptus pictorius Richardson 1848 -- (Page & Tangjitjaroen 2015:179 [ref. 33815]). •Valid as Acanthopsoides molobrion Siebert 1991 -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:58 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Lim 1996:237 [ref. 23210], Doi 1997:14 [ref. 22832], Ng & Tan 1999:356 [ref. 24159], Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:157 [ref. 28284], Parenti & Lim 2005:186 [ref. 28285], Kottelat 2012:22 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:177 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2020:297 [ref. 37435]). Current status: Valid as Acanthopsoides molobrion Siebert 1991. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Kalimantan, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

montana, Cobitis Vladykov [V. D.] 1925:321, Pl. 7 (fig. 8) [Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere (Jena) v. 50; ref. 23023] Tisza River basin, Ukraine. Syntypes: CUP 41464 (1), 41465 (1); other syntypes at NMP. Type catalog: Sanda et al. 2010:29 [ref. 31086], Mlíkovský et al. 2011:154 [ref. 33498]. Preoccupied by Cobitis montanus Jerdon 1849 -- (Kottelat 2012:41 [ref. 32367]), permanently invalid. •Synonym of Cobitis aurata De Filippi 1863 -- (Berg 1949:894 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi 1863) -- (Vasil'eva 1998:102 [ref. 23591], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:159 [ref. 37983]). •Synonym of Sabanejewia balcanica (Karaman 1922) -- (Kottelat 1997:91 [ref. 22952], Vasil'eva et al. 2022:8 [ref. 39491]). Current status: Synonym of Sabanejewia balcanica (Karaman 1922). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

multifasciata, Cobitis Wakiya [Y.] & Mori [T.] 1929:1, Pl. 2 (fig. 1) [Journal of the Chosen Natural History Society No. 9; ref. 12418] Rakuto River, Korea. Holotype: whereabouts unknown. Paratypes: (many) NRM 15557 (2), CAS-SU 23970 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:39 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Niwaella multifasciata (Wakiya & Mori 1929) -- (Kim & Lee 1995:289 [ref. 22178], Kim 1997:312 [ref. 24032], Shimizu et al. 1998:381 [ref. 23635], Kim et al. 2000:224 [ref. 25434], Son & He 2001:4 [ref. 25331], Kim & Park 2002:230 [ref. 25913], Choi et al. 2003:178, 520 [ref. 26218], Jang et al. 2003:119 [ref. 27681], Chen & Chen 2005:1645 [ref. 28174]). •Valid as Kichulchoia multifasciata (Wakiya & Mori 1929) -- (Kim 2009:17 [ref. 30457], Kottelat 2012:31 [ref. 32367]). •Valid as Cobitis multifasciata Wakiya & Mori 1929 -- (Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis multifasciata Wakiya & Mori 1929. Cobitidae. Distribution: Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

multimaculata, Cobitis Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.] 2011:145, Figs. 2A-E, 4A [Folia Zoologica: international journal of vertebrate zoology. v. 60 (no. 2); ref. 31435] Nanliu River drainage, 22°28'N, 109°95'E, tributary of the Pearl River, Bobai County, Guangxi Province, China. Holotype: IHASW 75v3203. Paratypes: IHASW 13 lots (8 males, 7 females). •Valid as Cobitis multimaculata Chen & Chen 2011 -- (Chen et al. 2013:380 [ref. 32679], Chen & Chen 2013:94 [ref. 32990], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989], Chen et al. 2015:15 [ref. 35710], Zhang et al. 2016:152 [ref. 34477], Chen et al. 2018:167 [ref. 35932], Tan et al. 2019:169 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis multimaculata Chen & Chen 2011. Cobitidae. Distribution: Nanliu River drainage, Guangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

multimaculatus, Misgurnus mizolepis Rendahl [H.] 1944:13, Fig. 6 [Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps-och Vitterhets-Samhälles Handlingar (Ser. 6 B) v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 3705] Thua Luu, 50 kilometers south of Hué, Vietnam. Holotype: NHMG not researched. Paratypes: (4). •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Kottelat 2001:90 [ref. 25780], Kottelat 2012:36 [ref. 32367]). •Valid as Misgurnus multimaculatus Rendahl 1944 -- (Kottelat 2013:182 [ref. 32989], Shedko & Vasil'eva 2022:9 [ref. 39201]). Current status: Valid as Misgurnus multimaculatus Rendahl 1944. Cobitidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

multistigmatus, Acantopsis Vishwanath [W.] & Laisram [J.] 2005:433, Fig. 1 [Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 101 (pt 3); ref. 28250] Lokchao stream. a tributary of Yu River, Manipur, India. Holotype: MUMF 3044. Paratypes: MUMF 3045/5 (5), 3047/1 (1), 3048/1 (1). •Questionably as synonym of Acantopsis spectabilis (Blyth 1860) -- (Kottelat 2012:22 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:177 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Acantopsis spectabilis (Blyth 1860) -- (Boyd et al. 2017:167 [ref. 35656]). •Valid as Acantopsis multistigmata Vishwanath & Laisram 2005 -- (Bleher 2018:292 [ref. 36647] as multistigmatus). Current status: Synonym of Acantopsis spectabilis (Blyth 1860). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

muraeniformis, Acanthophthalmus (Cobitophis) de Beaufort [L. F.] 1933:32 [Bulletin of the Raffles Museum No. 8; ref. 12381] Thomson Road, 3rd mile, Singapore. Syntypes: (6, orig. Raffles Mus. F.739-744) CAS-SU 32602 (1) Malaya, ZMA 103185 (3), ZRC 1052 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:39 [ref. 12291], Alfred 1970:70 [ref. 23931]. •Synonym of Pangio shelfordii (Popta 1903) -- (Kottelat & Lim 1993:240 [ref. 21437]). •Valid as Pangio muraeniformis (de Beaufort 1933) -- (Lim et al. 1990:43 [ref. 16753], Doi 1997:15 [ref. 22832], Kottelat 2012:39 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:183 [ref. 32989], Ng et al. 2019:520 [ref. 36606]). Current status: Valid as Pangio muraeniformis (de Beaufort 1933). Cobitidae. Distribution: Malaya (Malaysia), Singapore. Habitat: freshwater.

myersi, Acanthophthalmus Harry [R. R.] 1949:69 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 62; ref. 12417] Nong Khor, southeastern Thailand. Holotype: USNM 103300. Paratypes: MCZ 37251 [ex USNM 103300] (1), CAS-SU 14888 (1), USNM 144222 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:39 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Acanthophthalmus kuhlii (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Burridge 1992:181 [ref. 19452]). •Valid as Pangio myersi (Harry 1949) -- (Doi 1997:15 [ref. 22832], Kottelat 2001:90 [ref. 25780], Kottelat 2012:39 [ref. 32367], Valis'eva & Vasil'ev 2012:665 [ref. 32477], Kottelat 2013:183 [ref. 32989], Taki et al. 2021:187 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Pangio myersi (Harry 1949). Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Mekong River basin, southeastern Thailand and western Cambodia. Habitat: freshwater.

mysorensis, Cobitis Jerdon [T. C.] 1849:332 [Madras Journal of Literature and Science v. 15 (pt 2); ref. 4902] Mysore, southern India. No types known. •Synonym of Lepidocephalus thermalis (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Menon 1992:61 [ref. 23970], Menon 1999:164 [ref. 24904]). •Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys thermalis (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Havird & Page 2010:154 [ref. 30739], Kottelat 2012:34 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys thermalis (Valenciennes 1846). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

nahangensis, Paramisgurnus Nguyen [V. H.] & Bui [T. A.] 2009:[4], Fig. 1 [Science and Technology journal of Agriculture & Rural Development (Nông Nghiêp & Phát Triên Nông Thôn) 2009; ref. 36394] Lo Gam River, Na Hang district, Tuyen Quang province, Vietnam. Holotype: RIAH TQ.0203001. Paratypes: RIAH. Original description not yet examined. •Valid as Misgurnus nahangensis (Nguyen & Bui 2009) -- (Shedko & Vasil'eva 2022:8 [ref. 39201]). Current status: Valid as Misgurnus nahangensis (Nguyen & Bui 2009). Cobitidae. Distribution: Lo Gam River system, Tuyen Quang province, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

naktongensis, Koreocobitis Kim [I.-S.], Park [J.-Y.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 2000:90, Figs. 1, 2A [Korean Journal of Ichthyology v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 25039] Naktong River, Jugkun-ri, Inwol-myon, Nam-won-gun, Chollabuk-do, Korea. Holotype: CNU 21229. Paratypes: CNU 21231-38 (8). •Valid as Koreocobitis naktongensis Kim, Park & Nalbant 2000 -- (Kim & Park 2002:206 [ref. 25913], Choi et al. 2003:177, 519 [ref. 26218], Kim 2009:19 [ref. 30457], Kottelat 2012:31 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Koreocobitis naktongensis Kim, Park & Nalbant 2000. Cobitidae. Distribution: Nakdong River and Han River, Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

nalbanti, Cobitis Vasil'eva [E. D.], Kim [D.], Vasil'ev [V. P.], Ko [M.-H.] & Won [Y.-J.] 2016:586, Figs. 5-6 [Zootaxa 4208 (no. 6); ref. 34979] Cheongmi River, Chonggok-ri, Yulmyeon, Icheon-si, Gyeonggi-do (Han River drainage), South Korea. Holotype: ZMMU P-23896. Paratypes: EWNHM, ZMMU. Plus additional non-type specimens. •Valid as Cobitis nalbanti Vasil'eva, Kim, Vasil'ev, Ko & Won 2016 -- (Jeon et al. 2020:[3] [ref. 37477]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis nalbanti Vasil'eva, Kim, Vasil'ev, Ko & Won 2016. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: South Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

namromensis, Acanthopsoides Nguyen [V. H.] 2005:559, Fig. 8 [Freshwater fishes of Vietnam v. 2; ref. 29730] Nâm Rôm River, Dien Bien Phu, Vietnam. Holotype: NCNTTS I, Bac Ninh. Paratypes: (5). Plus 2 non-types. Genus spelled Acanthopsvides in caption to Fig. 8. •Synonym of Acanthopsoides gracilentus (Smith 1945) -- (Kottelat 2012:22 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:177 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthopsoides gracilentus (Smith 1945). Cobitidae. Distribution: Nâm Rôm and Nâm Núa river systems, Dien Bien, Vietnam (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

nanensis, Lepidocephalus Deein [G.], Tangjitjaroen [W.] & Page [L. M.] 2014:344, Fig. 1A, 3A, 4A, 5 [Zootaxa 3779 (no. 3); ref. 33210] Phitsanulok Province, Khlong Chompu, Mae Nam Nan, Chao Phraya basin, Thailand. Holotype: NIFI 4388. Paratypes: NIFI 3787 (1), 4856 (6), 4857 (6), 4858 (4); UF 186928 (5). 186929 (2), 186930 (2). •Valid as Lepidocephalus nanensis Deein, Tangjitjaroen & Page 2014. Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalus nanensis Deein, Tangjitjaroen & Page 2014. Cobitidae. Distribution: Chao Phraya basin, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

narentana, Cobitis taenia Karaman [S.] 1928:163 [Glasnik Skopskog Nauchnog Drustva [Glasnik -- Bulletin de la Société Scientifique de Skopje]. v. 6; ref. 15903] Neretva River, Dalmatia (Croatia and Bosnia). Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758 -- (Kottelat 1997:89 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Cobitis narentana Karaman 1928 -- (Freyhof & Stelbrink 2007:269 [ref. 29344], Mustafic et al. 2008:4 [ref. 29642], Zupančič 2008:61 [ref. 29926], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:310 [ref. 29996], Buj et al. 2013:15, 23 [ref. 33367], Ćaleta et al. 2015:56 [ref. 34877], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Tutman et al. 2018:218 [ref. 35876], Ćaleta et al. 2019:148 [ref. 37026]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis narentana Karaman 1928. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Neretva River drainage (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina). Habitat: freshwater.

nepalensis, Lepidocephalichthys Shrestha [J.] 1980:129, Fig. 63 [Fishes of Nepal; ref. 22513] Biratnagar, Singhia River, Nepal. Syntypes: (12). Appeared first without distinguishing features in Shrestha 1978:37 [ref. 15970]. •Synonym of Lepidocephalus guntea (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1992:58 [ref. 23970], Menon 1999:162 [ref. 24904]). •Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton 1822) -- (Havird & Page 2010:153 [ref. 30739], Kottelat 2012:33 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:180 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

nigrolinea, Niwaella Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.] in Chen, He, Chen & Chen 2017:494, Figs. 2-7 [Zoological Systematics v. 42 (no. 4); ref. 35645] Shuaishui River (a tributary of the Xin'anjiang River), Xiuning County, Anhui, China, 29°78'N, 118°16'E. Holotype: HU 2013112. Paratypes: HU. •Valid as Cobitis nigrolinea (Chen & Chen 2017). Current status: Valid as Cobitis nigrolinea (Chen & Chen 2017). Cobitidae. Distribution: Xin'anjiang River basin, east China. Habitat: freshwater.

nikolskyi, Misgurnus Vasil'eva [E. D.] 2001:589, Fig. 3 [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 41 (no. 5); ref. 25617] Primorsky Kray, a lake near Lefu River, Russia. Holotype: ZMMU P-20792. •Valid as Misgurnus nikolskyi Vasil'eva 2001 -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2001:45 [ref. 26178], Vasil'eva et al. 2003:451 [ref. 27169], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:337 [ref. 30085], Interesova et al. 2010:281 [ref. 31016], Kottelat 2012:36 [ref. 32367], Parin et al. 2014:101 [ref. 33547], Vasil'eva et al. 2015:383 [ref. 40672], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:669 [ref. 34853], Romanov et al. 2017:823 [ref. 35687], Dyldin et al. 2021:19 [ref. 38804], Dyldin & Orlov 2021:63 [ref. 38158], Interesova et al. 2022:39 [303] [ref. 39897], Shedko & Vasil'eva 2022:10 [ref. 39201], Dyldin et al. 2023:[6] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Misgurnus nikolskyi Vasil'eva 2001. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Amur River basin (Russia and China) and northern Sakhalin Island (Russia). Introduced in southwestern Siberia (Russia) and Kazakhstan. Habitat: freshwater.

nudus, Lepidocephalichthys Machan [B.] 1931:221 [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 68 (no. 21) (for 5 Nov. 1931); ref. 16381] Kalen reservoir, near Surabaya, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: NMW 16151-56 (6). •Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys hasselti (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Kottelat & Lim 1992:205 [ref. 21291], Havird & Page 2010:139 [ref. 30739], Kottelat 2012:33 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:180 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys hasselti (Valenciennes 1846). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

nuicocensis, Cobitis Nguyen [V. H.] & Vo [V. B.] in Nguyen 2005:560, Fig. 9 [Freshwater fishes of Vietnam v. 2; ref. 29730] Công River, lake district of Mount (Núi) Côc, Dai Tu, Thái Nguyên Province, Vietnam. Holotype: NCNTTS I, Bac Ninh. Paratypes: (20). •Questionably a synonym of Microcobitis misgurnoides (Rendahl 1944) -- (Kottelat 2012:34 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Microcobitis misgurnoides (Rendahl 1944). Cobitidae. Distribution: Công River, Thái Bình river system, lake district of Mount (Núi) Côc,Thái Nguyên Province, Vietnam (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

nytsieou, Cobitis Dabry de Thiersant [P.] 1872:191, Pl. 49 (fig. 3) [La pisciculture et la pêche en Chine; ref. 12507] Lakes and ponds and Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. Originally as Cobitis, Ny-tsieou; based on style of work, when Dabry de Thiersant placed a comma after the genus, the following word (in this case Ny-tsieou) was a vernacular and not a specific name; not available. •In the synonymy of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842). Cobitidae.

oblonga, Cobitis Valenciennes [A.] (ex Kuhl & van Hasselt) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:76 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Bogor, Java, Indonesia. Neotype: ZRC 35047. Based on a drawing sent by van Hasselt, specimen lost. Neotype designated by Kottelat & Lim 1993:234 [ref. 21437]. •Valid as Acantophthalmus oblongus (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Roberts 1989:97 [ref. 6439]). •Valid as Pangio oblonga (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:60 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Lim 1993:234 [ref. 21437], Roberts 1993:26 [ref. 21799], Rainboth 1996:138 [ref. 22772], Doi 1997:15 [ref. 22832], Kottelat 1998:100 [ref. 23436], Kottelat 2001:90 [ref. 25780], Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:158 [ref. 28284], Britz et al. 2012:48 [ref. 32066], Kottelat 2012:39 [ref. 32367], Valis'eva & Vasil'ev 2012:665 [ref. 32477], Kottelat 2013:183 [ref. 32989], Taki et al. 2021:187 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Pangio oblonga (Valenciennes 1846). Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Sundaland. Habitat: freshwater.

obtusirostra, Cobitis Chen [Y.-X.], Sui [X.-Y.], He [D.-K.] & Chen [Y.-F.] 2015:8, Figs. 6-7 [Folia Zoologica: international journal of vertebrate zoology. v. 64 (no. 1); ref. 35710] River Lianjiang, a tributary of the River Beijiang, River Pearl basin, Lianxian City, Guangdong Province, China, 24°78'N, 112°38'E. Holotype: IHB 76IV6670. Paratypes: IHB. •Valid as Cobitis obtusirostra Chen, Sui, He & Chen 2015 -- (Chen et al. 2018:167 [ref. 35932], Tan et al. 2019:171 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis obtusirostra Chen, Sui, He & Chen 2015. Cobitidae. Distribution: Lianjiang and Wengjiang River drainages, Pearl River basin, Guangdong Province, China, Habitat: freshwater.

octoactinotos, Acantopsis Siebert [D. J.] 1991:910, Figs. 1-4 [Copeia 1991 (no. 4); ref. 20043] Unnamed tributary of Kinabatangan River near Sungei Deramakot, about 5°18'N, 117°33'E, Kinabatangan District, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia. Holotype: FMNH 68148. Paratypes: FMNH 98697 [ex FMNH 68148] (3). •Valid as Acantopsis octoactinotos Siebert 1991 -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:59 [ref. 23448], Doi 1997:14 [ref. 22832], Martin-Smith & Tan 1998:588 [ref. 23647], Kottelat 2012:22 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:177 [ref. 32989], Boyd et al. 2017:170 [ref. 35656], Boyd et al. 2018:[6] [ref. 36347]). Current status: Valid as Acantopsis octoactinotos Siebert 1991. Cobitidae. Distribution: Kinabatangan River and Segama River basins, Sabah, Malaysia. Habitat: freshwater.

octocirrhus, Cobitis Kuhl [H.] & van Hasselt [J. C.] in van Hasselt 1823:133 [Algemeene Konst- en Letter-bode voor het Jaar II Deel (no. 35); ref. 5963] Not available, no distinguishing features; from Java (see Alfred 1961:86 [ref. 20553], Kottelat 1987:371 [ref. 5962]). Also in van Hasselt 1824:376 [ref. 5964]. •Treated as valid as Leptocephalus octocirrhus (Kuhl & van Hasselt 1823) -- (Zhu 1995:126 [ref. 25213], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:90 [ref. 23556]). •In the synonymy of Lepidocephalichthys hasselti (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:59 [ref. 23448], Roberts 1993:25 [ref. 21799], Havid & Page 2010:140 [ref. 30739], Kottelat 2013:180 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:152 [ref. 34477]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys hasselti (Valenciennes 1846). Cobitidae.

oculata, Cobitis McClelland [J.] 1839:303, 433, Pl. 51 (fig. 1) [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Assam and northern Bengal. Syntypes: SMF 412 (4), 8979 (1). •Synonym of Somileptes gongota (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1999:167 [ref. 24904]). •Valid as Somileptus gongota (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1992:99 [ref. 23970]). •Synonym of Canthophrys gongota (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 2012:23 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Canthophrys gongota (Hamilton 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

ohridana, Cobitis taenia Karaman [S.] 1928:162 [Glasnik Skopskog Nauchnog Drustva [Glasnik -- Bulletin de la Société Scientifique de Skopje]. v. 6; ref. 15903] Lake Ohrid, southern Yugoslavia/eastern Albania. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Also in Karaman 1929:173 [ref. 15904]. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758 -- (Kottelat 1997:89 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Cobitis ohridana Karaman 1928 -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:310 [ref. 29996], Barbieri et al. 2015:72 [ref. 35029], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Shumka et al. 2023:37 [ref. 40747]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis ohridana Karaman 1928. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Albania, Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro and Greece. Habitat: freshwater.

oligolepos, Misgurnus Chen [J.-Y.], Shen [Y.-Y.] & Li [G.-L.] 1994:20 [Modern Fisheries Information v. 9 (no. 8); ref. 38245] Tanggu area, south of the mouth of Beitang River, Tianjin Municipality, China. Holotype: 880902. Possibly appeared as new in Li 1993 [ref. 27517], not examined. If Li 1993 is not available, then the species dates to Chen, Shen and Li 1994:20 as above. •Synonym of Paramisgurnus dabryanus Guichenot 1872 -- (Kottelat 2012:40 [ref. 32367]). •Synonym of Misgurnus dabryanus (Guichenot 1872). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus dabryanus (Guichenot 1872). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

olivaceus, Canthophrys Swainson [W.] 1839:310 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Kosi River, India. No types known. Based on Ham. Cob. No. 8 -- which is Hamilton 1822:356, "8th Species.--Cobitis balgara. Unneeded new name for Cobitis balgara Hamilton 1822. •Synonym of Lepidocephalus guntea (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1992:54 [ref. 23970], Menon 1999:161 [ref. 24904]). •Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton 1822) -- (Havird & Page 2010:153 [ref. 30739], Kottelat 2012:33 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:180 [ref. 32989]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

olivai, Cobitis granoei Nalbant [T. T.], Holčík [J.] & Pivnicka [K.] 1970:121, Figs. 1-6 [Věstnik Československé Společnosti Zoologické v. 34 (no. 2); ref. 7767] Ögijn Lake, Narijn River, upper right tributary of Orkhon River basin of Selenga River, Archangaj, Mongolia. Holotype: SNMB Ry 2093. Paratypes: IBTS 2290 (9); LFR 96752 (1); SNMB Ry 2094 (7, 2 c&s), ?4813 (1); ZICU 34985 (10). Type catalog: Blahák 1991:204 [ref. 20023]. Species misspelled once as grandoei. For remarks on systematics see Kottelat 2006:56 [ref. 28831] and Bogutskaya et al. 2008:337 [ref. 30085]. •Synonym of Cobitis granoei Rendahl 1933 -- (Chen 1981:25 [ref. 8242], Wu & Wu 1992:265 [ref. 21205], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:47 [ref. 22798]). •Synonym of Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols 1925, but likely a valid subspecies -- (Reshetnikov et al. 1997:744 [ref. 24702]). •Valid as Cobitis olivai Nalbant, Holčík & Pivnicka 1970 -- (Prokofiev 2007:113 [ref. 29368]). •Synonym of Cobitis lutheri Rendahl 1935 -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2008:337 [ref. 30085]). •Synonym of Cobitis sibirica Gladkov 1935 -- (Kottelat 2012:28 [ref. 32367]). •Synonym of Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols 1925 -- (Vasil'eva 1998:98 [ref. 23591], Sideleva 2003:11 [ref. 27815], Kottelat 2006:56 [ref. 28831], Parin et al. 2014:99 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols 1925. Cobitidae. Distribution: Widespread in Asia (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

osurgeticus, Cobitis Kamensky [S. N.] in Radde 1899:321 [Die Sammlungen des Kaukasischen Museums v. 2; ref. 19639] Not available, no description; one specimen from Osurgeti, Caucasus. Nomen Nudum. Cobitidae.

oumiensis, Cobitis minamorii Nakajima [J.] 2012:121, Figs. 3G, 5G, 6G. 8C and D [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32326] Small stream flowing into Biwa Lake, Takashima, Shiga Pref., Honshu, Japan. Holotype: TKPM-P17346. Paratypes: JNC 037 (1); KPM-NI29508 (1), NI8989 (1); MPM-FI1506 (1). Plus non-type specimens. •Synonym of Cobitis minamorii Nakajima 2012, but a valid subspecies oumiensis Nakajima 2012 as described -- (Nakajima 2016:120 [ref. 34247] as oumieneis). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis minamorii Nakajima 2012. Cobitidae. Distribution: Japan (subspecies). Habitat: freshwater.

oxycephala, Cobitis Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.] in Chen, Chen, He & Chen 2018:160, Figs. 2-7 [Zoological Systematics v. 43 (no. 2); ref. 35932] Nandujiang River, Ding’an County, Hainan, China, 19°68'N, 110°36'E, elevation 65 meters. Holotype: IHB 0509273. Paratypes: IHB. •Valid as Cobitis oxycephala Chen & Chen 2018. Current status: Valid as Cobitis oxycephala Chen & Chen 2018. Cobitidae. Distribution: Nandujiang River drainage, Hainan, China. Habitat: freshwater.

pacifica, Cobitis Kim [I.-S.], Park [J.-Y.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1999:380, Fig. 12 A-E [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 41; ref. 25348] Yonkokhon stream about 2 kilometers upstream to confluence with eastern Japan Sea, Shingwhang-ri, Yonkok-myon, Kangreung-shi, Kangwon-do, Korea. Holotype: CNU 25111. Paratypes: CNU 692-704 (13), 25126-25128 (3), ISBB uncat. (8), MGAB (2). •Valid as Iksookimia pacifica (Kim, Park & Nalbant 1999) -- (Kim 2009:15 [ref. 30457], Kottelat 2012:30 [ref. 32367], Chen et al. 2013:380 [ref. 32679]). •Valid as Cobitis pacifica Kim, Park & Nalbant 1999 -- (Kim & Park 2002:228 [ref. 25913], Kim et al. 2003:6 [ref. 26956], Chen & Chen 2016:388 [ref. 34890]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis pacifica Kim, Park & Nalbant 1999. Cobitidae. Distribution: Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

pahangensis, Acantophthalmus de Beaufort [L. F.] 1933:31 [Bulletin of the Raffles Museum No. 8; ref. 12381] Pahang River off Mentakab, 0°04.5'N, 111°28'E, Malaysia. Holotype (unique): ZRC 490. Type catalog: Alfred 1970:70 [ref. 23931]. •Synonym of Lepidocephalus macrochir (Bleeker 1854) -- (Roberts 1989:106 [ref. 6439], Kottelat 2012:34 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:180 [ref. 32989]). •Valid as Lepidocephalus pahangensis (de Beaufort 1933) -- (Deein et al. 2014:348 [ref. 33210]). Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalus pahangensis (de Beaufort 1933). Cobitidae. Distribution: Pahang River off Mentakab, Malaysia. Habitat: freshwater.

pallens, Lepidocephalichthys Vaillant [L. L.] 1902:153, Fig. 47 [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 24 (note 1); ref. 4490] Kapuas River, presumably at Sintang, Borneo, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 7783. •Synonym of Lepidocephalus macrochir (Bleeker 1854) -- (Roberts 1989:106 [ref. 6439], Kottelat 2012:34 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:180 [ref. 32989]). •Valid as Lepidocephalus pallens (Vaillant 1902) -- (Deenin et al. 2014:347 [ref. 33210]). Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalus pallens (Vaillant 1902). Cobitidae. Distribution: Kapuas River, Borneo, Indonesia (known only from holotype). Habitat: freshwater.

paludica, Acanthopsis taenia forma de Buen [F.] 1930:34, Fig. 48 [Notas y résumenes, Instituto Español de Oceanografia; Ministerio de Marin. Madrid (Ser. 2) No. 46; ref. 17375] Fuente del Roble, Talayuela, Cáceres, Spain. No types known. Described as "Acanthopsis taenia Linnaeus 1758 forma paludica nov. form.?" Cobitis taenia paludicola Berg 1932 is an unjustified emendation. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Lelek 1987:247 [ref. 22962]). •Valid as Cobitis paludica (de Buen 1930) -- (Doadrio & Perdices 1997:59 [ref. 22679], Kottelat 1997:88 [ref. 22952], Ludwig et al. 2001:388 [ref. 25216], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:310 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:27 [ref. 32367], Corral-Lou et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39223], Doadrio et al. 2023:[19] [ref. 40299]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis paludica (de Buen 1930). Cobitidae. Distribution: Southwestern Europe: Portugal and Spain; introduced in some others waters of Spain. Habitat: freshwater.

paludicola, Cobitis taenia Berg [L. S.] 1932:155 [Zoogeographica, Jena v. 1 (no. 2, art. 6); ref. 21141] Not available; an incorrect subsequent spelling or unjustified emendation of Acanthopsis taenia forma paludica de Buen 1930. Berg listed as "C. taenia paludicola (F. de Buen) 1930." •In the synonymy of Cobitis paludica (de Buen 1930) -- (Kottelat 1997:88 [ref. 22952]). Misspelling. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis paludica (de Buen 1930). Cobitidae.

palustris, Cobitis Güldenstädt [J. A. von] 1791:193, 448 [Reisen durch Rußland und im Kaukasischen Gebürge; ref. 18175] Dnieper River, at Kamenka, Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine; Oka River, Serpukhov, Moskwa Oblast, Russia. Name only, not available. Nomen Nudum. Cobitidae.

pangia, Cobitis Hamilton [F.] 1822:355, 394 [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Brahmaputra River, at Gualpara [Goalpara], Assam, India. No types known. See Opinion 1695. Information on type locality see Britz 2019:46 [ref. 37532]. The original Hamilton illustration is reproduced from McClelland 1839 in Britz & Maclaine 2007:25, fig. 6 [ref. 29149].; also reproduced by Britz 2019:Pl. 221 [ref. 37532]. •Valid as Acanthophthalmus pangia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Ataur Rahman 1989:152 [ref. 24860], Menon 1992:87 [ref. 23970], Tilak 1990:295 [ref. 24003]). •Valid as Pangio pangia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Tilak 1990:55 [ref. 24001], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:531 [ref. 20764], Sen 1995:555 [ref. 23778], Doi 1997:15 [ref. 22832], Kottelat 1998:100 [ref. 23436], Menon 1999:166 [ref. 24904] as pangio, Raju Thomas et al. 1999:479 [ref. 25441], Kunda 2000:96 [ref. 25663], Karmakar 2000:31 [ref. 25662], Britz & Maclaine 2007:24 [ref. 29149], Shrestha 2008:139 [ref. 29923], Britz et al. 2012:45 [ref. 32066], Kottelat 2012:39 [ref. 32367], Ahmed et al. 2013:286 [ref. 32872], Kottelat 2013:183 [ref. 32989], Bleher 2018:320 [ref. 36647], Anoop et al. 2019:149 [ref. 37005], Shangningam & Kosygin 2022:60 [ref. 39587]). Current status: Valid as Pangio pangia (Hamilton 1822). Cobitidae. Distribution: South Asia: Ganges River basin to Chindwin River basin (Nepal, India, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Myanmar). Habitat: freshwater.

pannonica, Cobitis Heckel [J. J.] 1848:194 [Berichte über die Mittheilungen von Freunden der Naturwissenschaften in Wien v. 3 (pt 1); ref. 18256] Name only, not available; from Lake Neusiedler, Hungary. •Valid as Cobitis pannonicus Heckel 1848 -- (Herrera 1896:25 [ref. 39336]). •Placement uncertain -- (Kottelat 1997:184 [ref. 22952]). Nomen Nudum. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

parvoculus, Bibarba Wu [T.-J.], Yang [J.] & Xiu [L.-H.] 2015:139, Figs. 1-5 [Zootaxa 3905 (no. 1); ref. 33638] Cave, Jicheng village, Tianhe Town, Luocheng County, Guangxi, China, 24°47'55.65"N, 108°44'40.27"E, elevation 232 meters. Holotype: GAFS 10110586. Paratypes: GAFS, GTEU. •Valid as Bibarba parvoculus Wu, Yang & Xiu 2015 -- (Bohlen et al. 2019:298 [ref. 36890], Yang et al. 2020:71 [ref. 37266]). Current status: Valid as Bibarba parvoculus Wu, Yang & Xiu 2015. Cobitidae. Distribution: Caves of the upper Pearl River basin, Luocheng County, Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

pathala, Pangio Sundar [R. L.], Arjun [C. P.], Sidharthan [A.], Dahanukar [N.] & Raghavan [R.] 2022:90, Fig. 1 [Zootaxa 5138 (no. 1); ref. 39262] Well at Thiruvanvandoor, near the town of Chengannur, Kerala, India, 9°20'23.09"N, 76°34'48.54"E, elevation 7 meters. Holotype: KUFOS FT.2020.1. Paratypes: KUFOS FT.2020.2 (1), KUFOS FT.2020.3 (1). •Valid as Pangio pathala Sundar, Arjun, Sidharthan, Dahanukar & Raghavan 2022. Current status: Valid as Pangio pathala Sundar, Arjun, Sidharthan, Dahanukar & Raghavan 2022. Cobitidae. Distribution: South Asia: aquifer systems at Thiruvanvandoor, Western Ghats, Kerala State, India. Habitat: freshwater.

pectoralis, Cobitis McClelland [J.] 1843:400, Pl. 23 (fig. 3) [Calcutta Journal of Natural History v. 4 (no. 4) (for 1844); ref. 2927] Chusan cIsland, China. No types known. •Synonym of Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Okada 1961:534 [ref. 6363]). •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Chen 1981:28 [ref. 8242], Vasil'eva 2001:589 [ref. 25617], Kottelat 2012:35 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

perakensis, Cobitophis Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1940:8, Pl. 2 [Bulletin of the Raffles Museum No. 16; ref. 2130] Lake above Chenderoh Dam, Perak, Malaysia. Holotype: CAS-SU 33004. Paratypes: (4) BMNH 1938.12.1.126 (1), CAS-SU 33005 (3), ZRC 1442 (3). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:39 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Pangio anguillaris (Vaillant 1902) -- (Kottelat & Lim 1993:214 [ref. 21437], Tan & Kottelat 2009:61 [ref. 30261], Kottelat 2012:38 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:182 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Pangio anguillaris (Vaillant 1902). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

peschevi, Cobitis Sivkov [Y. S.] & Dobrovolov [I. S.] 1984:1673, Figs. 1-2 [Comptes Rendus de l'Académie Bulgare des Sciences v. 37 (no. 12); ref. 8213] Eleshnitsa River, Bulgaria, elevation 60 meters. Holotype: MNHV 1627. Paratypes: MNHV 1642-1675 (33), NMNHS 511-537 (27). Described as a new species by the same authors in 1986 [ref. 8038] with spelling peshevi; spelled peschevi in 1984. •Valid as Cobitis peschevi Sivkov & Dobrovolov 1984 -- (Vassilev 1998:282 [ref. 24118] as peshevi, Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:172 [ref. 28369]). •Synonym of Cobitis albicoloris Chichkoff 1932 -- (Ivanova & Dobrovolov 2002:37 [ref. 26746]). •Synonym of Cobitis strumicae Karaman 1955 -- (Economidis & Nalbant 1996:306 [ref. 23723], Kottelat 1997:88 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Freyhof et al. 2018:35 [ref. 36385]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis strumicae Karaman 1955. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

phongnhaensis, Cobitis Ngô [S. V.] 2008:3 [?68], Fig. 3 [Science and Technology journal of Agriculture & Rural Development (Nông Nghiêp & Phát Triên Nông Thôn) No. 122 (no. 5); ref. 29980] Quang Binh Province, Bo Trach District, Phong Nha, Son Trach, Khe Mon, 17°30'N, 106°15'E, Vietnam. Holotype: RIA 1 [? NCNTTSI]. Paratypes: (7). Original description not yet translated. •Questionably a synonym of Cobitis laoensis (Sauvage 1878) -- (Kottelat 2012:26 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Cobitis laoensis (Sauvage 1878). Cobitidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

phoxocheila, Cobitis McClelland [J.] 1839:305, 439, Pl. 52 (fig. 4) [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Mishmee Mts., Arunachal Pradesh, India. No types known. •Synonym of Lepidocephalus guntea (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1992:54 [ref. 23970], Menon 1999:161 [ref. 24904]). •Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton 1822) -- (Havird & Page 2010:153 [ref. 30739], Kottelat 2012:33 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:180 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

phrygica, Cobitis Battalgil [F.] 1944:300, Figs. 1-2 [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles v. 9 (no. 4); ref. 13159] Vilâyet Afyonkarahisar, Aci göl, western central Turkey. No types known. Author also seen as Battalgazi. •Provisionally a synonym of Cobitis simplicispina Hankó 1925 -- (Erk'akan et al. 1999:24 [ref. 25143]). •Valid as Cobitis phyrigica [sic] Battalgil 1944 -- (Erk'akan et al. 2008:112 [ref. 29860]). •Valid as Cobitis phrygica Battalgil 1944 -- (Bianco & Nalbant 1980:905 [ref. 22380], Coad & Sarieyyüpoglu 1988:429 [ref. 9105], Vassilev 1998:283 [ref. 24118], Fricke et al. 2007:49 [ref. 29533], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341] as phyrigica, Çiçek et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:25 [ref. 36385], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Eagderi et al. 2022:419 [ref. 39387], Çiçek et al. 2023:337 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:53 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis phrygica Battalgil 1944. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: upper Dalaman River drainage and streams of Lake Gölhisar, central Anatolia (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

piperata, Pangio Kottelat [M.] & Lim [K. K. P.] 1993:236, Fig. 20 [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 41 (no. 2); ref. 21437] Stream at about kilometer 6 on Kuala Brang to Kuala Terengganu road, Terengganu, Malaysia, 6°04'25"N, 103°03'20"E. Holotype: ZRC 35003. Paratypes: CMK 8497 (7), 8537 (1); ZRC 493 (26), 494 (70), 495 (18), 23049-054 (6), 23074-087 (14), 28189-216 (28), 28294-317 (24). •Valid as Pangio piperata Kottelat & Lim 1993 -- (Doi 1997:15 [ref. 22832], Ng & Tan 1999:357 [ref. 24159], Kottelat 2001:93 [ref. 25780] as cf. piperata, Parenti & Lim 2005:187 [ref. 28285], Britz & Kottelat 2010:375 [ref. 30691], Kottelat 2012:39 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:183 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Pangio piperata Kottelat & Lim 1993. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

pirii, Cobitis Freyhof [J.], Bayçelebi [E.] & Geiger [M. F.] 2018:61, Figs. 48-50 [Zootaxa 4535 (1); ref. 36385] Stream Aksu at Bağıllı, Isparta province, Turkey, 37.763 31.033. Holotype: ZFMK ICH-99635. Paratypes: FSJF. •Valid as Cobitis pirii Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018 -- (Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Eagderi et al. 2022:419 [ref. 39387], Çiçek et al. 2023:337 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:54 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis pirii Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Lake Eğirdir basin, Aksu and Köprü River drainages (Mediterranean coast) (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

poecilopleura, Cobitis Chu [Y.-T.] 1931:66 [Biological Bulletin St. John's University Shanghai No. 1; ref. 18000] Untraced; appeared as "Cobitis poecilopleura Guichenot. China (Blkr. 1872)." •Status is uncertain in Cobitis -- (Kottelat 2012:23 [ref. 32367]). Nomen Nudum. Cobitidae.

polylepis, Protocobitis Zhu [Y.], Lü [Y.-J.], Yang [J.-X.] & Zhang [S.] 2008:453, Fig. 1 [Zoological Research v. 29 (no. 4); ref. 29758] From underground water source near the county town, Wuming County, ca. 23°10'N, 108°17'E, Zhang Sheng, Guangxi Province, China. Holotype: KIZ 20060001. Paratypes: KIZ 20060002 (1). Type catalog: Du et al. 2013:350 [ref. 32939]. •Valid as Protocobitis polylepis Zhu, Lü, Yang & Zhang 2008 -- (Romero et al. 2009 [ref. 30522], Zhao et al. 2011:1552 [ref. 31493], Kottelat 2012:41 [ref. 32367], Ma & Zhao 2012:110 [ref. 34891], Lan et al. 2013:152 [ref. 32910], Zhang et al. 2016:153 [ref. 34477], Zhou et al. 2024:4 [ref. 40870]). Current status: Valid as Protocobitis polylepis Zhu, Lü, Yang & Zhang 2008. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: cave system in Wuming County, Guangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

polynema, Cobitichthys Bleeker [P.] 1860:90, Pl. 2 (fig. 3) [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 8 (art. 1); ref. 374] Tokyo, Japan. Syntype: BMNH 1866.5.2.24 (1). •Synonym of Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Okada 1961:534 [ref. 6363]). •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Chen 1981:28 [ref. 8242], Kottelat 2012:35 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989], Nakajima & Hashiguchi 2022:537 [ref. 39389]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

pontica, Cobitis Vasil'eva [E. D.] & Vasil'ev [V. P.] 2006:S17, Fig. [Journal of Ichthyology v. 46 (suppl. 1); ref. 28976] Veleka River, Bulgaria. Holotype: ZMUU P-21363. Paratypes: ZMUU P-21364 (4 of 6), NMP P6V 83980-81 (2). Type catalog: Mlíkovský et al. 2011:154 [ref. 33498]. •Valid as Cobitis pontica Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2006 -- (Erk'akan et al. 2008:112 [ref. 29860], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:312 [ref. 29996], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:337 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:54 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis pontica Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2006. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Bulgaria and Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

pristes, Lepidocephalichthys Roberts [T. R.] 1989:105, Fig. 80 [Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences No. 14; ref. 6439] Swampy stream about 30 kilometers west of Sintang on road from Sanggau to Sintang, Kapuas River basin, Barat, Kalimantan, Borneo. Holotype: MZB 3527. Paratypes: CAS 49352 (3); MCZ 56064 (2); MZB 3528-32 (1, 1, 1, 1, 1); USNM 230265-66 (1, 1). •Valid as Lepidocephalichthys pristes Roberts 1989 -- (Kottelat & Lim 1992:215 [ref. 21291], Kottelat et al. 1993:59 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Lim 1996:237 [ref. 23210]). •Valid as Kottelatlimia pristes (Roberts 1989) -- (Doi 1997:14 [ref. 22832], Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:158 [ref. 28284], Kottelat & Tan 2008:68 [ref. 29956], Kottelat 2012:31 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:179 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Kottelatlimia pristes (Roberts 1989). Cobitidae. Distribution: Borneo and Malaysia. Habitat: freshwater.

psammismus, Cobitis Richardson [J.] 1846:300 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China. No types known. Based solely on illustration by Reeves (see Whitehead 1970:210, Pl. 19a [ref. 11606]). •Synonym of Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Okada 1961:534 [ref. 6363] as psammisums). •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Chen 1981:28 [ref. 8242], Ye in Pan et al. 1991:255 [ref. 23876] as psamismus, Kottelat 2012:35 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

pulla, Pangio Kottelat [M.] & Lim [K. K. P.] 1993:238, Fig. 21 [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 41 (no. 2); ref. 21437] Blackwater stream, 28-29 kilometers on road to Tangkiling, tributary of Sungei Rungan, Kalimantan Tengah, Borneo, Indonesia. Holotype: ZRC 35022. Paratypes: CAS 80441 (1). •Valid as Pangio pulla Kottelat & Lim 1993 -- (Doi 1997:15 [ref. 22832], Tan & Kottelat 2009:60 [ref. 30261], Kottelat 2012:39 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:184 [ref. 32989], Anoop et al. 2019:149 [ref. 37005]). Current status: Valid as Pangio pulla Kottelat & Lim 1993. Cobitidae. Distribution: Borneo, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

pumilus, Cobitis koreensis Kim [I.-S.] & Lee [Y.-J.] 1987:58, Figs. 1-2 [Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 17685] Paikchon stream at Sangso-myon, Puan-gun, Chollabuk-do, South Korea. Holotype: CNU 9374. Paratypes: CNU 4624-34 (11), 9374-84, 9395-96 (16) •Valid as Iksookimia pumila (Kim & Lee 1987) -- (Kim & Park 1997:254 [ref. 23149], Kim 1997:294 [ref. 24032], Kim et al. 1999:172 [ref. 25431], Kim et al. 2000:224 [ref. 25434], Kim & Park 2002:210 [ref. 25913], Choi et al. 2003:177, 521 [ref. 26218], Kim 2009:15 [ref. 30457], Kottelat 2012:30 [ref. 32367], Chen et al. 2013:380 [ref. 32679]). •Valid as Cobitis pumila Kim & Lee 1987 -- (Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Chen & Chen 2016:388 [ref. 34890]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis pumila Kim & Lee 1987. Cobitidae. Distribution: Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

punctatus, Misgurnus Oshima [M.] 1926:5 [Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 3314] Kachek River near Kachek, Hainan Island, China. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Chen 1981:28 [ref. 8242], Chen in Kuang et al. 1986:147 [ref. 26639], Kottelat 2012:35 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

puncticulata, Cobitis Erk'akan [F.], Atalay-Ekmekçi [F. G.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1998:12, Figs. 4 A-E [Turkish Journal of Zoology v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 24119] Karadere Stream, at the outlet of Manyas (Kus) Lake, Balιkesir Province, Turkey. Holotype: HUIC uncat. Paratypes: HUIC uncat. (10). •Valid as Cobitis puncticulata Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant 1998 -- (Erk'akan et al. 1999:17 [ref. 25143], Fricke et al. 2007:49 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:313 [ref. 29996], Chen et al. 2013:380 [ref. 32679], Barbieri et al. 2015:72 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341], Çiçek et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:28 [ref. 36385], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:337 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:54 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis puncticulata Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant 1998. Cobitidae. Distribution: Eurasia: Aegean Sea tributaries (Greece and Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

punctilineata, Cobitis Economidis [P. S.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1996:314, Fig. 11, 12 (j-l) [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 36; ref. 23723] Strymon-Aggitis catchment, channels near the Kalambaki village, Drama, Macedonia, Greece. Holotype: MZUT 1992-39. Paratypes: ISBB 4576 (3); MNHN 1994-0517 (2); MZUT 1971-389 (3), 1972-200 (2), 1973-22 (6), 1973-30 (1), 1988-72 (15), 1989-70 (18); MNW 92823 (2); SMF 22317 (4), 27235 (2); USNM 330138 (2); ZSM 27084 (1). Type catalog: Neumann 2011:254 [ref. 31652]. Appeared first in Economidis 1991:28, 41 (fig. 4) without distinguishing features. Also appeared as name only in Economidis 1992:49, 75 [ref. 23021]. •Valid as Cobitis sp. 1 -- (Kottelat 1997:90 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Cobitis punctilineata Economidis & Nalbant 1996 -- (Erk'akan et al. 1999:24 [ref. 25143], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:313 [ref. 29996], Barbieri et al. 2015:72 [ref. 35029]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis punctilineata Economidis & Nalbant 1996. Cobitidae. Distribution: Greece. Habitat: freshwater.

puta, Cobitis taenia var. Cantoni [E.] 1882:362, Pl. 1 (fig. 1) [Rendiconti, Reale Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e Lettere. Ser. 2. v. 15; ref. 17331] Torina and Vercellese, Italy. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Lelek 1987:247 [ref. 22962]). •Synonym of Cobitis bilineata Canestrini 1865 -- (Kottelat 1997:87 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2012:24 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis bilineata Canestrini 1865. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

qujiangensis, Niwaella Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.] in Chen, He, Chen & Chen 2017:497, Figs. 12-17 [Zoological Systematics v. 42 (no. 4); ref. 35645] Jiangshangang River (a tributary of the Qujiang River), Jiangshan, Zhejiang, China, 29°70'N, 118°62'E. Holotype: HU 1505258. Paratypes: HU. •Valid as Cobitis qujiangensis (Chen & Chen 2017). Current status: Valid as Cobitis qujiangensis (Chen & Chen 2017). Cobitidae. Distribution: Qujiang River basin, east China. Habitat: freshwater.

radnensis, Cobitis aurata Bănărescu [P. M.], Müller [G.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1960:124 [Comunicari de Zoologie / Societatea se Stiinte Naturale si Geografie din Republica Populara Romina. Bucuresti. 1957-1959 [1960]; ref. 23024] Upper rivers Mures and Tirnava, Romania. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Short diagnosis, elevates infrasubspecific name Cobitis aurata balcanica natio radnensis Jászfalusi 1951 to available status. •Synonym of Cobitis aurata (De Filippi 1863), but a valid subspecies -- (Lelek 1987:250 [ref. 22962]). •Synonym of Sabanejewia balcanica (Karaman 1922) -- (Kottelat 1997:91 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2012:41 [ref. 32367], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:159 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi 1863). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

radnensis, Cobitis aurata balcanica natio Jászfalusi [L.] 1951:116, Pl. 1 (fig. 1) [Országos Természettudományi Múzeum Évkonyve v. 1; ref. 12896] Type catalog: Blahák 1991:205 [ref. 20023] as Sabanejewia aurata radnensis with topotypes. Not available, infrasubspecific; from rivers in Romania. See Cobitis aurata radnensis Bănărescu, Müller & Nalbant 1960. •In the synonymy of Sabanejewia balcanica (Karaman 1922) -- (Kottelat 1997:91 [ref. 22952]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Sabanejewia balcanica (Karaman 1922). Cobitidae.

rarus, Cobitis Chen [J.-X.] 1981:24 [English p. 32], Fig. 1 [Transactions of the Chinese Ichthyological Society No. 1; ref. 8242] Lüeyang and Fengxian, Shanxi Province, China. Syntypes: IHASW 596070-74 (5), 731121-22 (2). •Valid as Cobitis rara Chen 1981 -- (Chen & Chen 2011:150 [ref. 31435], Chen et al. 2013:382 [ref. 32679], Chen & Chen 2013:94 [ref. 32990], Chen et al. 2015:14 [ref. 35710], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Zhang et al. 2016:152 [ref. 34477], Tan et al. 2019:169 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis rara Chen 1981. Cobitidae. Distribution: Shanxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

rhodopensis, Cobitis (Bicanestrinia) Vassilev [M. V.] 1998:280, Figs. 1-2 [Spixiana (München) v. 21 (no. 3); ref. 24118] Biala River, downstream from Meden buk village, Bulgaria. Holotype: DHISUB 199501C. Paratypes: DHISUB 199501C (34). •Valid as Cobitis rhodopensis Vassilev 1998 -- (Pehlivanov 2000:47 [ref. 25202], Ivanova & Dobrovolov 2002:35 [ref. 26746], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:172 [ref. 28369]). •Synonym of Cobitis strumicae Karaman 1955 -- (Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Freyhof et al. 2018:35 [ref. 36385]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis strumicae Karaman 1955. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

robertsi, Acanthopsoides Siebert [D. J.] 1991:109, Fig. 10 [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 38 (no. 2); ref. 20084] Small oxbow off Kapuas River opposite Empangau, 0°44'N, 112°23'E, Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia. Holotype: CAS 49345. Paratypes: ANSP 152021 (9); CAS 49344 (15); ?UMMZ 185268 (8); USNM 230261 (11, now 10, 2 c&s), 209902 (5). •Valid as Aperioptus robertsi (Siebert 1991) -- (Page & Tangjitjaroen 2015:179 [ref. 33815]). •Valid as Acanthopsoides robertsi Siebert 1991 -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:58 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Lim 1996:237 [ref. 23210], Doi 1997:14 [ref. 22832], Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:157 [ref. 28284], Kottelat 2013:177 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Acanthopsoides robertsi Siebert 1991. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Indonesia and ? Malaysia. Habitat: freshwater.

robiginosus, Acanthophthalmus Raut [H.] 1957:31, Figs. 5 (upper), 7, 8 [Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift (DATZ) v. 10 (no. 2); ref. 12164] Tjipaja-en near Rangkas-Betong village, Bantean area, western Java, Indonesia. Holotype: ZMB 21334. Paratypes: ZMB 21335 (1) •Synonym of Acanthophthalmus cuneovirgatus Raut 1957 -- (Burridge 1992:177 [ref. 19452]). •Questionably a synonym of Pangio cuneovirgata (Raut 1957) -- (Kottelat & Lim 1993:215 [ref. 21437]). •Valid as Pangio robiginosa (Raut 1957) -- (Doi 1997:15 [ref. 22832], Kottelat 2012:39 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:184 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Pangio robiginosa (Raut 1957). Cobitidae. Distribution: Java, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

romanica, Cobitis caspia Băcescu [M. C.] 1943:137, Pl. 2 [Bulletin de la Section Scientifique de l'Académie Roumaine, Bucaresti v. 26 (no. 2); ref. 13038] Bratia River, near village Fladesti [Vladesti], Muscel, Romania. Lectotype: MGAB 49916. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1964.12.23.3-4 (2); MSNG ?36225 (2), 38222 (3). Type catalog: Tortonese 1961:188 [ref. 10343], Mihai-Bardan 1984:458 [ref. 21542]. Lectotype selected by Kottelat 1997:93 [ref. 22952]. •Valid as Sabanejewia romanica (Băcescu 1943) -- (Kottelat 1997:92 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2012:42 [ref. 32367], Marić et al. 2022:[3] [ref. 39582], Vasil'eva et al. 2022:11 [ref. 39491], Nagy et al. 2023:356 [ref. 40348], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2023:[10] [ref. 40114]). Current status: Valid as Sabanejewia romanica (Băcescu 1943). Cobitidae. Distribution: Eastern Europe: Danube River basin (Romania and Serbia). Habitat: freshwater.

rossomeridionalis, Cobitis Vasil'eva [E. D.] & Vasil'ev [V. P.] 1998:607, Figs. 2-5 [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 38 (no. 5); ref. 24120] River Don near Rogozhkino, Rostovskaya Obl., Russia. Holotype: ZMMU P-20240. Paratypes: ZMMU P-20241 (34); ZIL 51172 (2). Plus non-type material. Type catalog: Vasil'eva et al. 2001:24 [ref. 25714]. •Valid as Cobitis rossomeridionalis Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 1998. •Synonym of Cobitis tanaitica Băcescu & Mayer 1969 -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:316 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Parin et al. 2014:100 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis tanaitica Băcescu & Mayer 1969. Cobitidae. Distribution: Basins of the Kuban, Don, Kalka, Obitochnaya, Dnieper, South Bug and Dniester rivers, Russia [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

rotundicaudata, Cobitis Wakiya [Y.] & Mori [T.] 1929:2, Pl. 2 (fig. 2) [Journal of the Chosen Natural History Society No. 9; ref. 12418] Youm hyon stream, tributary of South Han river, Shingok-ri, Yonsangchon-myon, Dangyang-gun, Chung-chonbuk-do, Korea. Neotype: CNU uncat. Paratypes: (6) ?NRM 15582 (2). Types apparently lost and a neotype designated by Kim et al. 1997:192 [ref. 24117]; original locality Soun Kan R. at Tanyo, Korea; possible paratypes at NRM should be investigated. •Valid as Iksookimia rotundicaudata (Wakiya & Mori 1929) -- (Kim 1997:303 [ref. 24032]). •Valid as Koreocobitis rotundicaudata (Wakiya & Mori 1929) -- (Kim et al. 1997:191 [ref. 24117], Kim et al. 2000:91 [ref. 25039], Kim & Park 2002:204 [ref. 25913], Choi et al. 2003:177, 519 [ref. 26218], Jang et al. 2003:119 [ref. 27681], Kim 2009:20 [ref. 30457], Kottelat 2012:31 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Koreocobitis rotundicaudata (Wakiya & Mori 1929). Cobitidae. Distribution: Nakdong River, Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

rubiginosus, Canthophrys Swainson [W.] 1839:310 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Based on Ham., Cob. No. 6 -- which is Hamilton 1822:355, "6th Species.-- Cobitis pangia." Unneeded new name for Cobitis pangia Hamilton 1822. •Synonym of Acanthophthalmus pangia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1992:87 [ref. 23970]). •Synonym of Pangio pangia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1999:166 [ref. 24904] as pangio, Kottelat 2012:39 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:183 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Pangio pangia (Hamilton 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

rubripinnis, Cobitis Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1846:220, Pl. 103 (figs. 1, 1a-b) [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Around Nagasaki, Japan. Lectotype: RMNH 2705. Paralectotypes: RMNH 36374 (14), ZMB 3449 (1). Type catalog: Paepke 2001:329 [ref. 25566]. Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:166 [ref. 12876]. •Synonym of Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Okada 1961:534 [ref. 6363]). •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Chen 1981:28 [ref. 8242]). •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842), but a valid subspecies -- (Menon 1992:52 [ref. 23970]). •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Kottelat 2012:35 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989], Nakajima & Hashiguchi 2022:537 [ref. 39389]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

rubripinnis, Cobitis Jerdon [T. C.] 1849:332 [Madras Journal of Literature and Science v. 15 (pt 2); ref. 4902] Sluggish streams in Malabar, India. No types known. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Cobitis rubripinnis Temminck & Schlegel 1846. •Synonym of Lepidocephalus thermalis (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Menon 1992:61 [ref. 23970], Menon 1999:164 [ref. 24904]). •Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys thermalis (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Havird & Page 2010:154 [ref. 30739], Kottelat 2012:34 [ref. 32367]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys thermalis (Valenciennes 1846). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

ruichangensis, Niwaella Wan [Z.] 2023:Figs. [ ref. 40873] Ruichang River, lower Yangtze River basin, Jiangxi, China. Description not seen. •Valid as Cobitis ruichangensis (Wan 2023). Current status: Valid as Cobitis ruichangensis Wan 2023. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Ruichang River drainage, lower Yangtze River basin, Jiangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

rungthipae, Acantopsis Boyd [D. A.], Nithirojpakdee [P.] & Page [L. M.] in Boyd, Nithirojpakdee, Deein, Vidthayanon, Grudpan et al. 2017:173, Figs. 1B, 5A, D-E, 14, 15A [Zootaxa 4341 (no. 2); ref. 35656] Khen Creek, tributary of Trok Nong River, off Rt. 3277, Welu River drainage, Chanthaburi Province, Khlung District, Thailand, 12.537N, 102.244E. Holotype: THNHM F0013610 (ex. UF 235976). Paratypes: ANSP, INHS, NIFI, UF, ZRC. •Valid as Acantopsis rungthipae Boyd, Nithirojpakdee & Page 2017 -- (Boyd et al. 2018:[7] [ref. 36347], Taki et al. 2021:193 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Acantopsis rungthipae Boyd, Nithirojpakdee & Page 2017. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Mekong and Chao Phraya River basins, southwestern and central Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

sakahoko, Cobitis Nakajima [J.] & Suzawa [Y.] 2015 [Ichthyological Research v. 63 (no. 1); ref. 33854] Oyodo River system, southern Kyushu, Japan. Holotype. Paratypes: Taken from the abstract; awaiting original. •Valid as Cobitis sakahoko Nakajima & Suzawa 2015 -- (Nakajima 2016:125 [ref. 34247]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis sakahoko Nakajima & Suzawa 2015. Cobitidae. Distribution: Oyodo River system, southern Kyushu, Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

sandakanensis, Acanthophthalmus Inger [R. F.] & Chin [P. K.] 1962:120, Figs. 54E, 58 [Fieldiana Zoology v. 45; ref. 12303] Sepilok Forest Reserve, Sandakan District, northern Borneo. Holotype: FMNH 68158. Paratypes: CAS 49967 [ex FMNH 68159] (5), FMNH 44799-800 (1, 7), 51795 (5), 68159 (24, now 18, 1 c&s); N. Borneo Mus. [ex FMNH 68159] (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:4 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Lepidocephalichthys sandakanensis (Inger & Chin 1962) -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:59 [ref. 23448], Doi 1997:14 [ref. 22832], Kottelat & Tan 2008:70 [ref. 29956]). •Valid as Pangio sandakanensis (Inger & Chin 1962) -- (Havird & Page 2010:156 [ref. 30739] with genus placement tentative). •Valid as Theriodes sandakanensis (Ingen & Chin 1996) -- (Kottelat 2012:42 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:184 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Theriodes sandakanensis (Inger & Chin 1962). Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: northern Borneo, Malaysia. Habitat: freshwater.

saniae, Cobitis Eagderi [S.], Jouladeh-Roudbar [A.], Jalili [P.], Sayyadzadeh [G.] & Esmaeili [H. R.] 2017:51, Figs. 2-9, 11b, 12c, 13 [FishTaxa v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 35199] Bara Goor River a tributary of Sefid River, near Emamzadeh Hashem, Caspian Sea basin, Guilan province, Iran, 37°00'11"N, 49°37'49"E. Holotype: IMNRF-UT-1091. Paratypes: IMNRF-UT. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Cobitis saniae Eagderi, Jouladeh-Roudbar, Jalili, Sayyadzadeh & Esmaeili 2017 -- (Esmaeili et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:41 [ref. 36089], Freyhof et al. 2018:28 [ref. 36385], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Eagderi et al. 2020:484 [ref. 38013], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:158 [ref. 37983], Kaya et al. 2020:337 [ref. 37582], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[4] [ref. 37535], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2020:559 [ref. 37827], Vasil'eva et al. 2020:150 [ref. 37810], Çiçek et al. 2023:338 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:55 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis saniae Eagderi, Jouladeh-Roudbar, Jalili, Sayyadzadeh & Esmaeili 2017. Cobitidae. Distribution: Eurasia: Georgian Black Sea basin, Lake Urmia basin, and southwestern Caspian Sea tributaries (Turkey, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan and Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

saninensis, Cobitis minamorii Nakajima [J.] 2012:124, Figs. 3I, 5I, 6I, 8G and H [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32326] Creek of Hii River system, Izumo, Shimane Pref., Honshu, Japan. Holotype: TKPM-P17348. Paratypes: KPM-NI29510 (1), NI9218 (1); MPM-FI1509 (1); JNC 034 (1), 036 (1). Plus non-type specimens. •Synonym of Cobitis minamorii Nakajima 2012, but a valid subspecies saninensis Nakajima 2012 as described -- (Nakajima 2016:120 [ref. 34247], Jeon et al. 2020:[3] [ref. 37477]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis minamorii Nakajima 2012. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Japan (subspecies). Habitat: freshwater.

satunini, Cobitis taenia Gladkov [N. A.] 1935:73 [Zborn. Trud. Gos. Zool. Mus. MGU v. 2; ref. 19590] Lower stream of the Kintrich River, Kobuleti, eastern Black Sea basin, Georgia, Eurasia. Holotype: ZMMU P-2852. Paratypes: ZMMU P-2313 (2). Type catalog: Svetovidova 1978:258 [ref. 9011] but only some types; Vasil'eva et al. 2001:24 [ref. 25714]. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Coad 1995:21 [ref. 23608]). •Valid as Cobitis satunini Gladkov 1935 -- (Vasil'eva 1998:99 [ref. 23591], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:167 [ref. 31251], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2011:928 [ref. 31700], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2012:205 [ref. 31976], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2017:124 [ref. 35196], Freyhof et al. 2018:29 [ref. 36385], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[4] [ref. 37535], Vasil'eva et al. 2020:152 [ref. 37810], Çiçek et al. 2023:338 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:55 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis satunini Gladkov 1935. Cobitidae. Distribution: Eurasia: southeast coastal rivers of Black Sea basin (Georgia and Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

schlegeli, Cobitis Bleeker [P.] 1863:41 [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeling Natuurkunde. v. 15; ref. 400] Japan. A substitute name for Cobitis taenia japonica Temminck & Schlegel 1846. An earlier replacement than Cobitis biwae Jordan & Snyder 1901, but not in use in 1899 (see Kottelat 2012:24 [ref. 32367]). •Synonym of Cobitis biwae Jordan & Snyder 1901 -- (Kottelat 2012:24 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis biwae Jordan & Snyder 1901. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

scuturiginum, Cobitis Hamilton [F.] in McClelland 1839:220 [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Not available, name only. Nomen Nudum. Cobitidae.

semicinctus, Acanthophthalmus Fraser-Brunner [A.] 1940:172, Fig. 3 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 11) v. 6 (no. 32); ref. 17234] Mawai District, Johore, Malaysia. Holotype: BMNH 1938.12.1.113. Paratypes: (5) BMNH 1938.12.1.114-115 (2), 1940.2.8.2-3 (2). Tan & Kottelat 2009:61 [ref. 30261] give precedence to Pangio semicincta over its simultaneous synonym P. sumatrana. •Valid as Acanthophthalmus semicinctus Fraser-Brunner 1940 -- (Roberts 1989:98 [ref. 6439]). •Synonym of Acanthophthalmus kuhlii (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Burridge 1992:181 [ref. 19452]). •Questionably a synonym of Pangio kuhlii (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Kottelat & Lim 1993:224 [ref. 21437]). •Synonym of Pangio kuhlii (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Fuller et al. 1999:177 [ref. 25838]). •Valid as Pangio semicincta (Fraser-Brunner 1940) -- (Doi 1997:15 [ref. 22832], Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:158 [ref. 28284], Parenti & Lim 2005:187 [ref. 28285], Tan & Kottelat 2009:61 [ref. 30261], Kottelat 2012:39 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:184 [ref. 32989], Ng et al. 2019:520 [ref. 36606]). Current status: Valid as Pangio semicincta (Fraser-Brunner 1940). Cobitidae. Distribution: Sumatra, Borneo, Malaya (Malaysia). Habitat: freshwater.

septa, Cobitis taenia var. Cantoni [E.] 1882:363, Pl. 1 (fig. 2) [Rendiconti, Reale Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e Lettere. Ser. 2. v. 15; ref. 17331] Italy. No types known. •Synonym of Cobitis bilineata Canestrini 1865 -- (Kottelat 1997:87 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2012:24 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis bilineata Canestrini 1865. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

shelfordii, Acanthophthalmus Popta [C. M. L.] 1903:231, Fig. [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 23 (no. 4) (art. 33) (for Oct. 1901); ref. 15039] Sarawak River near Kuching, Sarawak state, Borneo, East Malaysia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 7661. •Valid as Acantophthalmus shelfordii Popta 1903 -- (Roberts 1989:98 [ref. 6439] as shelfordi). •Valid as Pangio shelfordii (Popta 1903) -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:61 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Lim 1993:240 [ref. 21437], Kottelat & Lim 1996:238 [ref. 23210], Doi 1997:15 [ref. 22832], Ng & Tan 1999:357 [ref. 24159], Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:159 [ref. 28284], Tan & Kottelat 2009:58 [ref. 30261], Kottelat 2012:40 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:184 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Pangio shelfordii (Popta 1903). Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

shikokuensis, Cobitis Suzawa [Y.] 2006:316, Figs. 1-2, 4A-C, 5A, 6A [Ichthyological Research v. 53 (no. 4); ref. 29236] Hinoji River, 33°19'N, 133°03'E, Shimanto River basin, Morigauchi, Shimanto Town, Takaoka County, Kochi Prefecture, Japan. Holotype: YCM-P 21981. Paratypes: TKPM-P 9980 (1); YCM-P 20177 (4), 21982 (10) plus many more at TKPM-P. and YCM-P. Type catalog: Shibata et al. 2011:12 [ref. 31469]. •Valid as Cobitis shikokuensis Suzawa 2006 -- (Shibata et al. 2011:12 [ref. 31469], Kottelat 2012:28 [ref. 32367], Nakajima 2016:125 [ref. 34247], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis shikokuensis Suzawa 2006. Cobitidae. Distribution: Shikoku Island, Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

sibirica, Cobitis taenia Gladkov [N. A.] 1935:73 [Zborn. Trud. Gos. Zool. Mus. MGU v. 2; ref. 19590] Lake Turgoïak [Turgoyak], southern Urals, Russia. Holotype: ZMMU P-2853. Paratypes: ZMMU P-2253 (2). Additional material: ZMMU P-2267, P-2269, P-2272, P-2278, P-2279. Type catalog: Svetovidova 1978:258 [ref. 9011], Vasil'eva et al. 2001:23-24 [ref. 25714]. Berg (1949:894) selected Cobitis taenia sibirica over Cobitis taenia granoei; giving preference to Cobitis taenia (see Kottelat 2012:28 [ref. 32367]). •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Berg 1949:893 [ref. 20661], Chereshnev 1996:601 [ref. 24659]). •Synonym of Cobitis granoei Rendahl 1933 -- (Chen 1981:25 [ref. 8242], Wu & Wu 1992:265 [ref. 21205], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:47 [ref. 22798]). •Synonym of Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols 1925 -- (Vasil'eva 1998:98 [ref. 23591], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 1998:604 [ref. 24120], Sideleva 2003:11 [ref. 27815], Kottelat 2006:56 [ref. 28831], Ocock et al. 2006:30 [ref. 28933], Prokofiev 2007:118 [ref. 29368], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2011:928 [ref. 31700], Parin et al. 2014:99 [ref. 33547]). •Valid as Cobitis sibirica Gladkov 1935 -- (Kottelat 2012:28 [ref. 32367], Romanov et al. 2017:822 [ref. 35687]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis sibirica Gladkov 1935. Cobitidae. Distribution: Lake Turgoyak, Russia. Habitat: freshwater.

signicauda, Pangio Britz [R.] & Maclaine [J. S.] 2007:26, Fig. 7 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 18 (no. 1); ref. 29149] Nanmate stream, 25°23'03"N, 97°00'38"E, between Myitkina and Hopin, Ayeyarwaddy basin, Myanmar. Holotype: USNM 378386. Paratypes: BMNH 2006.9.29.1-5 (5), USNM 388185 (13). •Valid as Pangio signicauda Britz & Maclaine 2007 -- (Kottelat 2012:40 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:184 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Pangio signicauda Britz & Maclaine 2007. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southern Asia: Ayeyarwaddy River basin, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

simplicispina, Cobitis Hankó [B.] 1925:153, Fig. 4; Pl. 3 (fig. 7) [Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici v. 21 (for 29 Dec. 1924); ref. 2035] Eminekin village, Porsuk River basin, Sakarya River system, Eskisehir, Turkey. Neotype: ISBB 4694. Original 3 syntypes lost in fire in 1956. Neotype designated by Erk'akan et al. 1999:24 [ref. 25143]. •Valid as Cobitis simplicispina Hankó 1925 -- (Berg 1949:899 [ref. 20661], Bianco & Nalbant 1980:905 [ref. 22380], Coad & Sarieyyüpoglu 1988:429 [ref. 9105], Vassilev 1998:282 [ref. 24118], Erk'akan et al. 1999:24 [ref. 25143], Fricke et al. 2007:49 [ref. 29533], Kottelat 2012:28 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341], Çiçek et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:30 [ref. 36385], Özdemir 2019:597 [ref. 36384], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Yogurtçuoglu et al. 2020:[3] [ref. 37627], Eagderi et al. 2022:419 [ref. 39387], Çiçek et al. 2023:338 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:56 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis simplicispina Hankó 1925. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Sakarya and Kizilirmak River basins (southern Black Sea tributaries) and Central Anatolia (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

sinensis, Cobitis Sauvage [H.-E.] & Dabry de Thiersant [P.] 1874:16 [Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris (Zoologie et Paléontologie) (Sér. 6) v. 1 (art. 5); ref. 15665] Creeks in western Szechwan, China. Syntypes: MNHN 1872-6779 (4, poor condition). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:92-93 [ref. 19574]. Specific name declared a noun in the original description. •Valid as Cobitis sinensis Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874 -- (Chen 1981:24 [ref. 8242], Chen in Kuang et al. 1986:145 [ref. 26639], Zheng et al. 1989:60 [ref. 21202], Ye in Pan et al. 1991:253 [ref. 23876], Ding 1994:115 [ref. 21531], Zhu 1995:127 [ref. 25213], Cheng & Zhou 1997:199 [ref. 26385], Kim 1997:305 [ref. 24032], Kim et al. 1999:375 [ref. 25348], Freyhof & Serov 2000:214 [ref. 35928], Kim et al. 2000:224 [ref. 25434], Kottelat 2001:49 [ref. 25482] as cf. sinensis, Tang et al. 2001:14 [ref. 25373], Kim & Park 2002:220 [ref. 25913], Choi et al. 2003:177, 519 [ref. 26218], Son & Kim 2002:240 [ref. 26957], Jang et al. 2003:119 [ref. 27681], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:106 [ref. 28183], Son & He 2005:238 [ref. 29190], Chen & Chen 2007:103 [ref. 29350], Chen & Chen 2011:150 [ref. 31435], Kottelat 2012:28 [ref. 32367], Chen et al. 2013:382 [ref. 32679], Chen & Chen 2013:94 [ref. 32990], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989], Chen et al. 2015:15 [ref. 35710], Zhang et al. 2016:152 [ref. 34477], Tan et al. 2019:169 [ref. 36712], Dyldin et al. 2020:92, 95 [ref. 37569], Guo 2021:678 [ref. 38618]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis sinensis Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Yangtze River basin, northern China. Habitat: freshwater.

sipahilerae, Cobitis Erk'akan [F.], Özdemir [F.] & Özeren [S. C.] 2017:85, Fig. 2 [FishTaxa v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 35341] Yediarıklar stream, Aksu River, Topçular District, Antalya province, Turkey. Holotype: HUIC-AKD1. Paratypes: HUIC. •Valid as Cobitis sipahilerae Erk'akan, Özdemir & Özeren 2017 -- (Çiçek et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:32 [ref. 36385], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Eagderi et al. 2022:419 [ref. 39387], Çiçek et al. 2023:338 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:56 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis sipahilerae Erk'akan, Özdemir & Özeren 2017. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Aksu River basin (Mediterranean tributary), Antalya Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

spectabilis, Prostheacanthus Blyth [E.] 1860:167 [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 29 (no. 2); ref. 477] Tenasserim provinces, Burma. No types known. •Valid as Acantopsis spectabilis (Blyth 1860) -- (Kottelat 2012:22 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:177 [ref. 32989], Boyd et al. 2017:167 [ref. 35656], Boyd et al. 2018:[6] [ref. 36347], Shangningam & Kosygin 2022:60 [ref. 39587]). Current status: Valid as Acantopsis spectabilis (Blyth 1860). Cobitidae. Distribution: South Asia: Irrawaddy River, Ataran River, Salween River and Chindwin River basins (India, Myanmar and Thailand). Habitat: freshwater.

spectrum, Lepidocephalus Roberts [T. R.] 1989:106, Fig. 81 [Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences No. 14; ref. 6439] Rocky ledge in middle of Sungai Melawi near confluence with Kapuas River, about 0.5 kilometer upstream from Sintang, Indonesia. Holotype: MZB 3533. Paratypes: CAS 49353 (2), MZB 3534-35 (1, 1), USNM 230267 (1). •Valid as Lepidocephalus spectrum Roberts 1989 -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:59 [ref. 23448], Doi 1997:14 [ref. 22832], Proudlove 2006:268 [ref. 28992], Kottelat 2012:34 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:180 [ref. 32989], Deein et al. 2014:349 [ref. 33210]). Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalus spectrum Roberts 1989. Cobitidae. Distribution: Kapuas River basin, western Borneo, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

spilura, Cobitis Holandre [J.] 1837:253 [Faune du département de la Moselle; ref. 23022] Belgium and France (several localities). No types known. See Kottelat 1997:89 [ref. 22952] for more information on types and localities. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758 -- (Kottelat 1997:89 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Freyhof et al. 2018:36 [ref. 36385]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

spilurus, Misgurnus Bleeker [P.] 1872:146 [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 4; ref. 431] Not available, nomen nudum; from China. •In the synonymy of Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski 1869) -- (Kottelat 2006:58 [ref. 28831], Kottelat 2012:36 [ref. 32367]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski 1869). Cobitidae.

splendens, Cobitis Erk'akan [F.], Atalay-Ekmekçi [F. G.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1998:11, Figs. 3 A-E [Turkish Journal of Zoology v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 24119] Small stream tributary to the Black Sea, about 200 meters from sea border, 16 kilometers east of Akçakoca, and about 30 kilometers southwest of Eregli (Black Sea), Turkey. Holotype: HUIC uncat. Paratypes: HUIC uncat. (15), ISBB 4687 (4). •Valid as Cobitis splendens Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant 1998 -- (Erk'akan et al. 1999:17 [ref. 25143], Fricke et al. 2007:49 [ref. 29533], Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341], Çiçek et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:33 [ref. 36385], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:339 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:57 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis splendens Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant 1998. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Black Sea coastal watersheds, northern Anatolia (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

squataeniatus, Cobitis Ngô [S. V.] 2008:2 [?67], Fig. 2 [Science and Technology journal of Agriculture & Rural Development (Nông Nghiêp & Phát Triên Nông Thôn) No. 122 (no. 5); ref. 29980] Quang Binh Province, Minh Hoa District, Dan Hoa, Quy Dat, Vietnam. Holotype: RIA 1. Original description not yet translated. Combined with a feminine genus, the adjective should be squataeniata. •Questionably a synonym of Cobitis ylengensis Ngô 2003 -- (Kottelat 2012:30 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989]). •Valid as Cobitis squataeniata Ngô 2008. Current status: Valid as Cobitis squataeniata Ngô 2008. Cobitidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

stenocauda, Cobitis Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.] 2013:90, Figs. 3a, 3b, 5 [Folia Zoologica: international journal of vertebrate zoology. v. 62 (no. 2); ref. 32990] Jiangxi Province, Guixi County, the River Xinjiang, the River Xinjiang drainage, 28°24′N, 117°19′E, China. Holotype: IHB 9607072. Paratypes: all at IHB. •Valid as Cobitis stenocauda Chen & Chen 2013 -- (Chen et al. 2015:15 [ref. 35710], Tan et al. 2019:169 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis stenocauda Chen & Chen 2013. Cobitidae. Distribution: Xinjiang drainage, Jiangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

stephanidisi, Cobitis Economidis [P. S.] 1992:49, 60 [The red data book of threatened vertebrates of Greece; ref. 23021] Lake Karla catchment and Kefalovrissos spring in village of Velestino, Thessaly, Greece. Syntypes: DZAUT 1992-40 (1), 1988-30 (9), 1989-13 (56), 1989-35 (26), 19992-37 (23); ISBB 4572 (33); NMW 92822 (3); MNHN 1994-0516 (2); SMF (4); USNM 330137 (1). Appeared first without description in Economidis 1991:27, 41, Fig. 7 [ref. 23018]; appeared as a new species with a holotype in Economidis & Nalbant 1996:303 [ref. 23723]. •Valid as Cobitis stephanidisi Economidis 1992 -- (Economidis & Nalbant 1996:303 [ref. 23723], Kottelat 1997:88 [ref. 22952], Howe 1998:14 [ref. 25503], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:313 [ref. 29996], Barbieri et al. 2015:72 [ref. 35029]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis stephanidisi Economidis 1992. Cobitidae. Distribution: Greece. Habitat: freshwater.

striata, Cobitis taenia Ikeda [H.] 1936:991 [English p. 984], Figs. 10 (2), 11 (4) [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 48 (no. 12); ref. 13705] Chikugo River, Japan. No types known. Type information: Hayashi 1995:6 [ref. 22717]. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Okada 1961:561 [ref. 6363], Kim 1980:442 [ref. 39488], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:58 [ref. 6441], Matsuura et al. 2000:166 [ref. 26000]). •Valid as Cobitis striata subspecies striata (Ikeda 1936) -- (Nakajima 2012:107 [ref. 32326], Jeon et al. 2020:[3] [ref. 37477]). •Valid as Cobitis striata Ikeda 1936 -- (Kim 1997:308 [ref. 24032], Choi et al. 2003:177, 520 [ref. 26218], Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Nakajima 2016:125 [ref. 34247], Chen & Chen 2016:388 [ref. 34890], Tan et al. 2019:172 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis striata Ikeda 1936. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

strumicae, Cobitis taenia Karaman [S. L.] 1955:190, fig. 4 [Acta Musei Macedonici Scientiarum Naturalium v. 3 (no. 7); ref. 12279] Monospitovo swamp and Strumica River, Yugoslavia. Syntypes: MMNHS (lost). •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Lelek 1987:247 [ref. 22962]). •Valid as Cobitis strumicae Karaman 1955 -- (Economidis & Nalbant 1996:306 [ref. 23723], Kottelat 1997:88 [ref. 22952], Erk'akan et al. 1999:25 [ref. 25143], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:172 [ref. 28369], Fricke et al. 2007:49 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:314 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Barbieri et al. 2015:73 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341], Freyhof et al. 2018:35 [ref. 36385], Özuluğ & Saç 2019:25 [ref. 36599], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:339 [ref. 40625], Ozpicak et al. 2023:[4] [ref. 40117], Çiçek et al. 2024:57 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis strumicae Karaman 1955. Cobitidae. Distribution: Eurasia: Aegean and Black Sea basins (Greece, Bulgaria and Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

sumatranus, Acanthophthalmus kuhlii Fraser-Brunner [A.] 1940:175 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 11) v. 6 (no. 32); ref. 17234] Lahat, Palembang Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1866.5.2.41. Tan & Kottelat 2009:61 [ref. 30261] give precedence to Pangio semicincta over its simultaneous synonym P. sumatrana. •Synonym of Acanthophthalmus kuhlii (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Burridge 1992:181 [ref. 19452]). • Questionably a synonym of Pangio kuhlii (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Kottelat & Lim 1993:224 [ref. 21437]). •Synonym of Pangio semicincta (Fraser-Brunner 1940) -- (Tan & Kottelat 2009:61 [ref. 30261], Kottelat 2012:39 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:184 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Pangio semicincta (Fraser-Brunner 1940). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

superbus, Acantophthalmus Roberts [T. R.] 1989:98, Fig. 74 [Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences No. 14; ref. 6439] Kapuas basin, small forest stream about 1 kilometer up Sungai Tajan from Tajan, 87 kilometer east of Pontianak, 0°02"S, 110°07'E, Indonesia. Holotype: MZB 3499. Paratypes: CAS 49339-40 (3, 3); MZB 3500-01 (1, 1); USNM 230259 (2). •Valid as Pangio superba (Roberts 1989) -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:61 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:159 [ref. 28284], Tan & Kottelat 2009:58 [ref. 30261], Kottelat 2012:40 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:184 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Pangio superba (Roberts 1989). Cobitidae. Distribution: Borneo, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

taenia, Cobitis Linnaeus [C.] 1758:303 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Europe. Possible type: ZMUU Linn. Coll. 205 (1). Type catalog: Lönnberg 1896:44 [ref. 23530], Wheeler 1991:163 [ref. 20102]. Kottelat 1997:90 [ref. 22952] "restricted" the type locality to Lake Mälaren, but the Code does not provide for such restriction in that manner. •Valid as Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758 -- (Herrera 1896:24 [ref. 39336], Berg 1949:890 [ref. 20661], Kuroda 1953:277 [ref. 39545], Okada 1961:561 [ref. 6363], Mai 1978:225 [ref. 13511], Bianco & Taraborelli 1984 [ref. 21915], Roberts 1984:343 [ref. 6182], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:58 [ref. 6441], Wang 1984:75 [ref. 22951], Sivkov & Dobrovolov 1986:3 [ref. 8038], Bianco 1987:207 [ref. 6750], Lelek 1987:247 [ref. 22962], Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Ahnelt & Tiefenbach 1994:11 [ref. 22364], Poll & Gosse 1995:95 [ref. 24781], Coad 1995:21 [ref. 23608], Kottelat 1997:89 [ref. 22952], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:744 [ref. 24702], Vasil'eva 1998:99 [ref. 23591], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:44 [ref. 26178], Ludwig et al. 2001:388 [ref. 25216], Wang et al. 2001:176 [ref. 26566], Ivanova & Dobrovolov 2002:35 [ref. 26746], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:106 [ref. 28183], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:172 [ref. 28369], Janko et al. 2005:405 [ref. 28442], Hanel & Lusk 2005:283 [ref. 28804], Fricke 2007:26 [ref. 30577], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:315 [ref. 29996], Coad 2010:201 [ref. 36620], Sabet et al. 2012:11 [ref. 31808], Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Parin et al. 2014:100 [ref. 33547], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:561 [ref. 33668], Zhang et al. 2016:152 [ref. 34477], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2017:124 [ref. 35196], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Freyhof et al. 2018:36 [ref. 36385], Özuluğ & Saç 2019:25 [ref. 36599], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Vasil'eva et al. 2020:152 [ref. 37810], Pozdeev et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39511], Çiçek et al. 2023:339 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[5] [ref. 40328], Volkov et al. 2023:240 [560] [ref. 40530], Çiçek et al. 2024:57 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758. Cobitidae. Distribution: Central and eastern Europe and northwestern Asia (southwestern Black Sea basin). Habitat: freshwater.

taeniatus, Lepidocephalus Fowler [H. W.] 1939:63, Figs. 11-12 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 91; ref. 17188] Waterfall at Trang, Thailand. Holotype: ANSP 68486. Paratypes: ANSP 68487-91 (5), 68492 (1, missing). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:64 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys hasselti (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Kottelat & Lim 1992:205 [ref. 21291], Kottelat 2001:90 [ref. 25780], Havird & Page 2010:139 [ref. 30739], Kottelat 2012:33 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:180 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys hasselti (Valenciennes 1846). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

taenioides, Cobitis Băcescu [M. C.] & Mayer [R.] 1969:52 [39] [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 9 (no. 1, art. 54); ref. 7715] Danube basin. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. On p. 39 of English translation. Not described as a new species, earlier use of the name not traced, but is available as above. As Cobitis taenia is not known from the Danube basin, the synonymy is dubious. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758 -- (Kottelat 1997:89 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Freyhof et al. 2018:36 [ref. 36385]). Nomen Dubium. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

takatsuensis, Cobitis Mizuno [N.] 1970:133, Figs. 1 (a-c), 2, 3 (a-c), 4 (a-c), 8A [Memoirs of the Ehime University. Section 2, Natural science. Series B, Biology v. 6 (no. 3); ref. 22714] Kabatani-gawa River (tributary of Takatsu-gawa River) at Kurobuchi in Kakinoki-mura village, Kanoashi-gun District, Shimane-ken Prefecture, western Honshu, Japan. Holotype: Mizuno's collection. Paratypes: (5) all in Mizuno's collection (Biol. Inst., Ehime Univ.?). •Valid as Cobitis takatsuensis Mizuno 1970 -- (Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:58 [ref. 6441], Okamura & Machida 1987:106 [ref. 22279], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:394 [ref. 25598], Watanabe 1998:263 [ref. 23491], Shimizu et al. 1998:377 [ref. 23635], Nakabo 2000:274 [ref. 25086], Kitagawa et al. 2001:249 [ref. 25686], Nakabo 2002:274 [ref. 26001], Shimizu 2003:153 [ref. 27450], Suzawa 2006:319 [ref. 29236], Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Nakajima 2016:125 [ref. 34247], Chen & Chen 2016:388 [ref. 34890], Tan et al. 2019:172 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis takatsuensis Mizuno 1970. Cobitidae. Distribution: Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

takenoi, Cobitis Nakajima [J.] 2016:122, Figs. 3-5 [ZooKeys No. 568; ref. 34247] Small river in Tango District, Kyoto Prefecture, Honshu Island, Japan. Holotype: KPM-NI 31994. Paratypes: KPM, KUN, TKPM. •Valid as Cobitis takenoi Nakajima 2016. Current status: Valid as Cobitis takenoi Nakajima 2016. Cobitidae. Distribution: Tango District, Kyoto Prefecture, Honshu Island, Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

tanaitica, Cobitis taenia Băcescu [M. C.] & Mayer [R.] 1969:52, Figs. 1, 2B, 3A, 4C, 5A-C [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 9 (no. 1, art. 54); ref. 7715] Don River below Rostov, Ukraine. Syntypes: (6). •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758 -- (Kottelat 1997:89 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Cobitis tanaitica Băcescu & Mayer 1969 -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2001:44 [ref. 26178], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:106 [ref. 28183], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:315 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Parin et al. 2014:100 [ref. 33547], Freyhof et al. 2018:72 [ref. 36385], Dyldin et al. 2023:[5] [ref. 40328], Volkov et al. 2023:240 [560] [ref. 40530]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis tanaitica Băcescu & Mayer 1969. Cobitidae. Distribution: Eastern Europe: Black Sea and Sea of Azov basins (Ukraine and Russia). Habitat: freshwater.

taurica, Cobitis Vasil'eva [E. D.], Vasil'ev [V. P.], Janko [K.], Ráb [P.] & Rábová [M.] in Janko et al. 2005:417, Fig. 4a [Folia Zoologica: international journal of vertebrate zoology. v. 54 (no. 4); ref. 28442] Chernaya [Salgir] River, Crimean Peninsula, Urkraine. Holotype: ZMUU P-21358. Paratypes: ZMUU P-21358 (4), P-21360 (5 now 2), P-21631(1); NMP [ex ZMUU P-21360] P6V 83977-79 (3). Plus non-type specimens. Type catalog: Mlíkovský et al. 2011:154 [ref. 33498]. •Valid as Cobitis taurica Vasil'eva, Vasil'ev, Janko, Ráb & Rábová 2005 -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:316 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2012:77 [ref. 32367], Freyhof et al. 2018:72 [ref. 36385], Dyldin et al. 2020:105, 111 [ref. 37569], Dyldin et al. 2023:[5] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis taurica Vasil'eva, Vasil'ev, Janko, Ráb & Rábová 2005. Cobitidae. Distribution: Eastern Europe: Chernaya River, Crimean Peninsula (Ukraine, Russia); possibly more widely distributed in the Black Sea basin. Habitat: freshwater.

tesselatus, Cobitis taenia Pietschmann [V.] 1937:29 [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 74 (no. 4) (for 18 Feb. 1937); ref. 17166] Lower Danube River at Vidin [Widen], Bulgaria. Syntypes: EAWAG 996 (1), NMW 48624 (2). •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758 -- (Berg 1949:891 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Sabanejewia bulgarica (Drensky 1928) -- (Kottelat 1997:92 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2012:42 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Sabanejewia bulgarica (Drensky 1928). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

tetralineata, Cobitis Kim [I.-S.], Park [J.-Y.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1999:379, Figs. 10 (A-E) [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 41; ref. 25348] Somjin River, Guraegu, Gurae-gun, Deonranam-do, Korea. Holotype: CNU 723. Paratypes: CNU 724-725 (3), uncat. (, 70, 3, 2); ISBB uncat. (4). •Valid as Cobitis tetralineata Kim, Park & Nalbant 1999 -- (Kim & Park 2002:226 [ref. 25913], Kim et al. 2003:4 [ref. 26956], Kim 2009:11 [ref. 30457], Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Chen & Chen 2016:388 [ref. 34890], Vasil'eva et al. 2016:589 [ref. 34979]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis tetralineata Kim, Park & Nalbant 1999. Cobitidae. Distribution: Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

thermalis, Cobitis Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:78 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Hot waters of Cania, Sri Lanka. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-1082 (7). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:93 [ref. 19574]. •Valid as Lepidocephalus thermalis (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:527 [ref. 20764], Indra 1991:240 [ref. 24005], Menon 1992:60 [ref. 23970], Singh & Yazdani 1993:200 [ref. 24022], Indra 1993:185 [ref. 24009], Rema Devi 1993:356 [ref. 24007], Rema Devi 1993:206 [ref. 24010], Rema Devi & Ilango 1993:246 [ref. 24017], Indra 1994:418 [ref. 24015], Rema Devi et al. 1996:136 [ref. 24021], Easa & Shaji 1996:305 [ref. 24977] with author as Hamilton, Manimekalan 1998:439 [ref. 24989], Zacharias et al. 1996:40 [ref. 25526], Rema Devi & Raghunathan 1999:155 [ref. 24759], Rema Devi & Raghunathan 1999:171 [ref. 24760], Rema Devi et al. 1999:158 [ref. 24758], Menon 1999:164 [ref. 24904], Raju Thomas et al. 2000:444 [ref. 25319], Arunachalam et al. 2001:128 [ref. 25692], Raju Thomas et al. 2002:50 [ref. 26359], Yadav 2003:17 [ref. 27711], Arunkumar & Manimekalan 2018:1739 [ref. 36172]). •Valid as Lepidocephalichthys thermalis (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Pethiyagoda 1991:139 [ref. 20075], Havird & Page 2010:154 [ref. 30739], Havird et al. 2010:9 [ref. 30908], Harant & Bohlen 2010:2444 [ref. 31092], Kottelat 2012:34 [ref. 32367], Ahmed et al. 2013:286 [ref. 32872], Kottelat 2017:713 [ref. 35678], Bleher 2018:314 [ref. 36647]). Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys thermalis (Valenciennes 1846). Cobitidae. Distribution: South Asia: eastward-flowing rivers of the Western Ghats and Peninsular India (India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh). Habitat: freshwater.

thiemmedhi, Acantopsis Sontirat [S.] 1999:66, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the 5th Indo-Pacific Fish Conference; ref. 23935] Huey Nam Khoon, Huey Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Amphur Lan Sak, Uthai Thani Province, Thailand, elevation 200 meters. Holotype: KUMF 3131. Paratypes: KUMF 3132-34 (16, 2, 2). •Valid as Acantopsis thiemmedhi Sontirat 1999 -- (Vishwanath & Laisram 2005:434 [ref. 28250], Kottelat 2012:22 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:177 [ref. 32989], Boyd et al. 2017:171 [ref. 35656], Boyd et al. 2018:[6] [ref. 36347], Taki et al. 2021:192 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Acantopsis thiemmedhi Sontirat 1999. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Chao Phraya and Mekong River basins, Thailand and Cambodia. Habitat: freshwater.

thrakica, Sabanejewia aurata Economidis [P. S.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1996:320 [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 36; ref. 23723] River Evros catchment, tributary Erythropotamos, near Mikro Dereio village, Thrace, Greece. Holotype: MZUT 1986-54. Paratypes: ISBB 4581 (43); MZUT 1971-654 (1), 1986-39 (43). Appeared first in Economidis 1995:211 [ref. 23025] without distinguishing features. •Questionably a synonym of Sabanejewia balcanica (Karaman 1922) -- (Kottelat 1997:91 [ref. 22952]). • Questionably a synonym of Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi 1863) -- (Kottelat 2012:42 [ref. 32367], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:159 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi 1863). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

tokaiensis, Cobitis minamorii Nakajima [J.] 2012:123, Figs. 3H, 5H, 6H, 8E and Ff [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32326] Creek of Kumozu River system, Tsu, Mie Pref., Honshu, Japan. Holotype: MFM-FI1507. Paratypes: KPM-NI29509 (1), MPM-FI1508 (1), TKPM-P17347 (1), FRLM 24921 (1). Plus non-type specimens. •Synonym of Cobitis minamorii, but a valid subspecies tokaiensis Nakajima 2012 as described -- (Nakajima 2016:120 [ref. 34247]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis minamorii Nakajima 2012. Cobitidae. Distribution: Japan (subspecies). Habitat: freshwater.

tomaculum, Lepidocephalichthys Kottelat [M.] & Lim [K. K. P.] 1992:216, Figs. 9-10 [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 40 (no. 2); ref. 21291] Stream at 34-kilometer mark on road from Sungai Besar to Tonjong Malim, Sungai Bernam basin, Selangor, Malaysia. Holotype: ZRC 14938. Paratypes: CMK 7382 (2), 8033 (6); ZRC 648 (19), 2276 (1), 14939-66 (21), 18729 (2). •Valid as Lepidocephalichthys tomaculum Kottelat & Lim 1992 -- (Doi 1997:14 [ref. 22832], Kottelat & Tan 2008:70 [ref. 29956], Havird & Page 2010:143 [ref. 30739], Kottelat 2012:34 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:180 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2017:713 [ref. 35678], Ng et al. 2019:520 [ref. 36606]). Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys tomaculum Kottelat & Lim 1992. Cobitidae. Distribution: Malaya (Malaysia) and Sumatra (Indonesia). Habitat: freshwater.

tonkinensis, Misgurnus mizolepis Rendahl [H.] 1937:1, Figs. 1, 2a [Arkiv för Zoologi v. 29 (pt. 3) A (art. 12); ref. 15299] Hanoi, northern Vietnam. Holotype: NRM 10653. •Synonym of Misgurnus mizolepis Günther 1888, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Mai 1978:227 [ref. 13511]) •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Kottelat 2001:90 [ref. 25780]). •Valid as Misgurnus tonkinensis Rendahl 1937 -- (Kottelat 2012:36 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:182 [ref. 32989], Shedko & Vasil'eva 2022:9 [ref. 39201]). Current status: Valid as Misgurnus tonkinensis Rendahl 1937. Cobitidae. Distribution: Northern Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

translucens, Paralepidocephalus Liu [S.-W.], Yang [J.-X.] & Chen [X.-Y.] 2016:62, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 27 (no. 1); ref. 34369] Outlet of a subterranean river in a cave, draining to Nanpanjiang River, Luoxiong Town, Luoping County, Yunnan, China, 24°50'35"N, 104°23'12"E. Holotype (unique): KIZ 2012000542. •Valid as Paralepidocephalus translucens Liu, Yang & Chen 2016. Current status: Valid as Paralepidocephalus translucens Liu, Yang & Chen 2016. Cobitidae. Distribution: Nanpanjiang River, Yunnan, China. Habitat: freshwater.

trichonica, Cobitis (Bicanestrinia) Stephanidis [A.] 1974:227, Figs. 1-3. [Biologia Gallo-Hellenica v. 5 (no. 2); ref. 7541] Lake Trichonis, Greece. Syntypes: (35) whereabouts unknown. Kottelat 1997:90 [ref. 22952] recognizing that there were two holotypes designated originally, "restricted" the type locality to Lake Trichonis, but the Code does not provide for such restriction in that manner. •Valid as Cobitis trichonica Stephanidis 1974 -- (Bianco & Nalbant 1980:906 [ref. 22380], Economidis & Nalbant 1996:309 [ref. 23723], Kottelat 1997:90 [ref. 22952], Vassilev 1998:282 [ref. 24118], Erk'akan et al. 1999:25 [ref. 25143], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:317 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Barbieri et al. 2015:73 [ref. 35029]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis trichonica Stephanidis 1974. Cobitidae. Distribution: Greece. Habitat: freshwater.

tricirrhata, Cobitis Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1803:7, 10 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] Rouen, France. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

troasensis, Cobitis Freyhof [J.], Bayçelebi [E.] & Geiger [M. F.] 2018:65, Figs. 51-53 [Zootaxa 4535 (1); ref. 36385] Stream Tuzla about 1 km south of Ayvacık, Çanakkale province, Turkey, 39.596 26.438. Holotype: ZFMK ICH-098603. Paratypes: FSJF. Type catalog: Kaya et al. 2021:423 [ref. 38688]. •Valid as Cobitis troasensis Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018 -- (Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Eagderi et al. 2022:419 [ref. 39387], Çiçek et al. 2023:339 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:58 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis troasensis Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Tuzla River basin, Aegean coast (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

tungting, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus Nichols [J. T.] 1925:3 [American Museum Novitates No. 169; ref. 15550] Huping, Tungting Lake, Hunan Province, China. Holotype: AMNH 8393. Paratypes: FMNH 14822-23 (2). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:57 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Chen 1981:28 [ref. 8242], Vasil'eva 2001:589 [ref. 25617], Kottelat 2012:35 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

turcica, Cobitis taenia Hankó [B.] 1925:154, Fig. 3; Pl. 3 (fig. 8) [Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici v. 21 (for 29 Dec. 1924); ref. 2035] Eregli, Turkey. Syntypes: MNH (2). •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758 -- (Berg 1949:891 [ref. 20661]). •Valid as Cobitis turcica Hankó 1925 but may be same as Cobitis phrygica Battalgil 1944 -- (Coad & Sarieyyüpoglu 1988:429 [ref. 9105]). •Valid as Cobitis turcica Hankó 1925 -- (Nalbant & Bianco 1998:120 [ref. 23810], Erk'akan et al. 1999:24 [ref. 25143], Ludwig et al. 2001:388 [ref. 25216], Fricke et al. 2007:49 [ref. 29533], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2011:928 [ref. 31700], Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Chen et al. 2013:380 [ref. 32679], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2017:124 [ref. 35196], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341], Çiçek et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:38 [ref. 36385] dated 1924, Özdemir 2019:597 [ref. 36384], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Kelleci et al. 2021:282 [ref. 38359], Eagderi et al. 2022:419 [ref. 39387], Çiçek et al. 2023:340 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2023:152 [ref. 40728], Çiçek et al. 2024:58 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis turcica Hankó 1925. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Mediterranean tributaries, southern Anatolia (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

typhlops, Protocobitis Yang [J.-X.] & Chen [Y.-R.] 1993:125 [Proceedings of the XI International Congress Speleology; ref. 23234] Limestone cave, Xia'ao town, ca. 24°15'N, 107°05'E, Du'an County, Guangxi, China. Lectotype: KIZ 9180001. Paralectotypes: KIZ 9180002-07 (6). Type catalog: Du et al. 2013:350 [ref. 32939] dating to Yang, Chen, Lan. Appeared first in Yang & Chen 1993:125 [ref. 23234] as above (see Kottelat & Bréhier 1999:358 [ref. 24929] for information on publication and for designation of the lectotype). Also appeared in Yang, Chen & Lan 1994:93, Fig. 2 [ref. 21377]. •Valid as Protocobitis typhlops Yang & Chen -- (Kottelat & Bréhier 1999:358 [ref. 24929], Romero & Paulson 2001:19 [ref. 26040], Proudlove 2006:107 [ref. 28992], Zhu et al. 2008:452 [ref. 29758], Romero et al. 2009 [ref. 30522] dated 1994, Zhao et al. 2011:1552 [ref. 31493], Kottelat 2012:41 [ref. 32367], Ma & Zhao 2012:110 [ref. 34891] with authors as Yang, Chen & Lan 1994, Lan et al. 2013:145 [ref. 32910], Zhang et al. 2016:153 [ref. 34477], Zhou et al. 2024:4 [ref. 40870]). Current status: Valid as Protocobitis typhlops Yang & Chen 1993. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: cave system in Du'an County, Hongshui River drainage, uuper Red River basin, Guangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

unicolor, Misgurnus mizolepis Lin [S.-Y.] 1932:66 [Lingnan Science Journal, Canton v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 16379] Canton (Guangdong), China. Holotype (unique): not researched. •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Chen 1981:28 [ref. 8242], Ye in Pan et al. 1991:256 [ref. 23876], Kottelat 2012:35 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:153 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

vallachica, Cobitis aurata Nalbant [T. T.] 1957:209, Figs. 1-3 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 38 (nos 3/4); ref. 12159] Ialomitza River near Crivina, northeastern Vallachica, Romania. Holotype: SMF 4087. Paratypes: (197) ANSP 82483 (4); FMNH 63820 (3), 94514 (2); CAS-SU 62196 (2); MCZ 40986 (3), 40988 (5); SMF 4097 (1), 5084-85 (2); USNM 190150 (4); WAM P.5938-001 (4); ZMA 114465 (3). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:27-28 [ref. 19236], Böhlke 1984:64 [ref. 13621], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:27 [ref. 12367], Hutchins & Smith 1991:8 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:6 [ref. 30117] but spelled vallachia. •Synonym of Cobitis aurata De Filippi 1863, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Lelek 1987:250 [ref. 22962]). •Synonym of Sabanejewia balcanica (Karaman 1922) -- (Kottelat 1997:91 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi 1863), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Vasil'eva 1998:102 [ref. 23591]). •Valid as Sabanejewia vallachica (Nalbant 1957) -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:327 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:42 [ref. 32367], Vasil'eva et al. 2022:11 [ref. 39491], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2023:[10] [ref. 40114]). Current status: Valid as Sabanejewia vallachica (Nalbant 1957). Cobitidae. Distribution: Eastern Europe: Danube River drainage, Romania. Habitat: freshwater.

vardarensis, Cobitis taenia Karaman [S.] 1928:162 [Glasnik Skopskog Nauchnog Drustva [Glasnik -- Bulletin de la Société Scientifique de Skopje]. v. 6; ref. 15903] Vardar River, Yugoslavia/Macedonia. Syntypes: MMNHS (lost). Also in Karaman 1929:173 [ref. 15904]. •Valid as Cobitis vardarensis Karaman 1928 -- (Economidis & Nalbant 1996:301 [ref. 23723], Kottelat 1997:90 [ref. 22952], Erk'akan et al. 1999:14 [ref. 25143], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:317 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:30 [ref. 32367], Barbieri et al. 2015:73 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2017:124 [ref. 35196], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341], Freyhof et al. 2018:72 [ref. 36385]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis vardarensis Karaman 1928. Cobitidae. Distribution: Aegean Sea basin: Greece and Macedonia. Habitat: freshwater.

variegatus, Petromizon Wulff [J. C.] 1765:16 [Ichthyologia, cum amphibiis regni Borussici. Methodo Linnaena disposita.; ref. 17844] Borussia [Prussia], Germany and Poland. No types known. See Kottelat 1997:90 [ref. 22952] who regards part of the description as being a loach and most likely Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus 1758). •Questionably in the synonymy of Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 2012:36 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Uncertain as Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus 1758). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

vermicularis, Acanthophthalmus Weber [M.] & de Beaufort [L. F.] 1916:34 [Fishes Indo-Australian Archipelago v. 3; ref. 4604] Kampar Kiri River, Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): ZMA 100260. Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:26 [ref. 19236]. •Synonym of Acanthophthalmus anguillaris Vaillant 1902 -- (Roberts 1989:94 [ref. 6439]). •Synonym of Pangio anguillaris (Vaillant 1902) -- (Kottelat & Lim 1993:214 [ref. 21437], Tan & Kottelat 2009:61 [ref. 30261], Kottelat 2012:38 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Pangio anguillaris (Vaillant 1902). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

vettonica, Cobitis Doadrio [I.] & Perdices [A.] 1997:53, Figs. 1-2 [Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society v. 119 (no. 1); ref. 22679] Arrago River, Cadalso de Gata, Cáceres, Tagus Basin, Spain, elevation 650 meters. Holotype: MNCN 18271. Paratypes: MNCN 17928-35 (8), 18163-66 (4), 18168 (1), 18171 (1), 18240-41 (2), 18273-74 (2), 18385 (1), 18640-52 (13), 19003 (1), 19004-05 (2), 39047-52 (6), 54492 (1), 54493-94 (2), 54495-98 (1, 1, 1, 1), 72687-91 (5), 72692 (1 c&s). •Valid as Cobitis vettonica Doadrio & Perdices 1997 -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:317 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:30 [ref. 32367], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Corral-Lou et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39223], Doadrio et al. 2023:[19] [ref. 40299]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis vettonica Doadrio & Perdices 1997. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southwestern Europe: western central Spain. Habitat: freshwater.

victoriae, Cobitis Fernández de la Cigoña [E.] 1999:21, Fig. 15 [ ref. 40300] Artificial lagoon in Caldelas, Minho River drainage, Galicia, Spain. no types known. First mentioned in the unavailable proceedings of a symposium by Fernández de la Cigoña & García-Ferreira in 1996. Not available, no distinguishing features. •In the synonymy of Cobitis paludica (de Buen 1930) -- (Kottelat 2012:27 [ref. 32367] with question, Doadrio et al. 2023:[6] [ref. 40299]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis paludica (de Buen 1930). Cobitidae.

vittatus, Canthophrys Swainson [W.] 1839:310 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Bengal. India. No types known. Based on Ham. Cob. No. 4 -- which is Hamilton 1822:353 [ref. 2031], "4th Species.--Cobitis guntea". Unneeded new name for Cobitis guntea Hamilton 1822. •Synonym of Lepidocephalus guntea (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1992:54 [ref. 23970], Menon 1999:161 [ref. 24904]). •Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton 1822) -- (Havird & Page 2010:153 [ref. 30739], Kottelat 2012:33 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:179 [ref. 32989]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

wenliuensis, Bibarba Yang [H.-F.], Chen [Z.-M.] & Li [W.-X.] 2020:68, Figs. 1-3, 5A [Journal of Jishou University (Natural Science Edition) v. 41 (no. 1); ref. 37266] Huajiao Da Dong, a karst cave connected to subterranean waters in Huajiao Village, Wenliu Township, Qiubei County, Yunnan Province, China, 24°19"42.9"N, 104°25'17.6"E, elevation 1,257 meters. Holotype (unique): HRA 2015102401. •Valid as Bibarba wenliuensis Yang, Chen & Li 2020. Current status: Valid as Bibarba wenliuensis Yang, Chen & Li 2020. Cobitidae. Distribution: Qingshuijiang River drainage, upper Pearl River basin, Yunnan, China. Habitat: freshwater.

wumingensis, Cobitis Chen [Y.-X.], Sui [X.-Y.], He [D.-K.] & Chen [Y.-F.] 2015:6, Figs. 4-5 [Folia Zoologica: international journal of vertebrate zoology. v. 64 (no. 1); ref. 35710] River Wuming, a tributary of the River Youjiang in the middle part of the River Xijiang, River Pearl basin, Wuming County, Guangxi, China, 23°16'N, 108°26'E. Holotype: IHB 0605153. Paratypes: IHB. •Valid as Cobitis wumingensis Chen, Sui, He & Chen 2015 -- (Chen et al. 2018:167 [ref. 35932], Tan et al. 2019:171 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis wumingensis Chen, Sui, He & Chen 2015. Cobitidae. Distribution: Pearl River basin, Guangxi Province, southern China. Habitat: freshwater.

xinjiangensis, Niwaella Chen [Y.-F.] & Chen [Y.-X.] 2005:1649, Figs. 1E, 2C, 3C, 4C, 6 [Journal of Natural History v. 39 (no. 19); ref. 28174] Xinjiang River, main upper stream of Boyanghu Lake, Guangfeng County, 28°26.1'N, 119°10.2'E, Jiangxi Province, China. Holotype: 90VI610. Paratypes: 90IV1093-8 (6), 90VI1060-9 (4), 90V1611 (1), 90VI1613-5 (3). Types kept in FFM, IHB CAS [IHCAS]. •Valid as Niwaella xinjiangensis Chen & Chen 2005 -- (Kottelat 2012:37 [ref. 32367] with question, Chen et al. 2017:505 [ref. 35645]). •Valid as Cobitis xinjiangensis (Chen & Chen 2005). Current status: Valid as Cobitis xinjiangensis (Chen & Chen 2005). Cobitidae. Distribution: Xinjiang River basin, China. Habitat: freshwater.

xui, Cobitis Tan [X.-C.], Li [P.], Wu [T.-J.] & Yang [J.] 2019:164, Figs. 2-5 [Zootaxa 4604 (no. 1); ref. 36712] Buquan River, Youjiang basin, Buquan Town, Rong'an County, Guangxi, China, 23°4.35'N', 107°28.0'E, elevation 261 meters. Holotype: GTEU 201705001. Paratypes: GTEU. •Valid as Cobitis xui Tan, Li, Wu & Yang 2019. Current status: Valid as Cobitis xui Tan, Li, Wu & Yang 2019. Cobitidae. Distribution: Buquan River drainage, upper Pearl River basin, Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

yeni, Cobitis Nguyen [T. T.] in Nguyen 2005:227, Fig. 114 [Freshwater fishes of Vietnam v. 3; ref. 29809] •Nomen nudum, not up to the code -- (Kottelat 2012:23 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989]). Nomen Nudum. Cobitidae.

ylengensis, Cobitis Ngô [S. V.] 2003:18 (p.3 in separate), Fig. 2 [Tap Chi Thuy San No. 9 (9/2003); ref. 29823] Bai Dinh, Town Dan Hoa, Minh Hoa, Quang Bình Province, Vietnam. Holotype: RIA 1 (lot 501). Paratypes: (3). Endruweit 2014:144 [ref. 33205] found 8 specimens, he photographed one that may be a type. •Valid as Cobitis ylengensis Ngô 2003 -- (Kottelat 2012:30 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989], Endruweit 2014:144 [ref. 33205]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis ylengensis Ngô 2003. Cobitidae. Distribution: Town Dan Hoa, Minh Hoa, Quang Bình Province, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

yodoensis, Cobitis minamorii Nakajima [J.] 2012:126, 3J, 5J, 6J [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32326] Yodo River, Asahi-ku, Osaka Pref., Honshu, Japan. Holotype: FAKU 55719. Paratypes: FAKU 134643 (3), 55701 (1), 55702 (1); KUN -P41321 (6). •Synonym of Cobitis minamorii, but a valid subspecies yodoensis Nakajima 2012 as described -- (Nakajima 2016:120 [ref. 34247]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis minamorii Nakajima 2012. Cobitidae. Distribution: Japan (subspecies). Habitat: freshwater.

yongdokensis, Iksookimia Kim [I.-S.] & Park [J.-Y.] 1997:250, Figs. 2-5 [Ichthyological Research v. 44 (no. 3); ref. 23149] Yongdokoship River, Yongjeon-ri, Dalsman-myon, Yongdok-gun, Kyongsangbuk-do, Korea, 36°23'47"N, 129°15'20"E. Holotype: CNU 21827. Paratypes: CAS 88032 (3); CNU 21788 (2), 21791 (1), 21792-94 (3), 21802 (1); ISBB 4647 (2); NSMT P-49055-57 (3). •Valid as Iksookimia yongdokensis Kim & Park 1997 -- (Kim 1997:301 [ref. 24032], Kim et al. 1999:172 [ref. 25431], Kim & Park 2002:218 [ref. 25913], Choi et al. 2003:177, 521 [ref. 26218], Kim 2009:16 [ref. 30547], Kottelat 2012:30 [ref. 32367], Chen et al. 2013:382 [ref. 32679]). •Valid as Cobitis yongdokensis (Kim & Park 1997) -- (Chen & Chen 2016:388 [ref. 34890]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis yongdokensis (Kim & Park 1997). Cobitidae. Distribution: Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

yui, Paralepidocephalus Tchang [T.-L.] 1935:17, Figs. 1-2 [Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Peiping (Zoology Series) v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 4365] Shiping, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype: ZMFMIB (now IOZ) 11678. Paratypes: IOZ. Type catalog: Zhang 1996:500 [ref. 24036], Ye et al. 2015:55 [ref. 33808]. •Valid as Paralepidocephalus yui Tchang 1935 -- (Chen 1981:25 [ref. 8242] but spelled jui, Zheng et al. 1989:62 [ref. 21202], Zhu 1995:127 [ref. 25213], LI 2004:95 [ref. 28170], Proudlove 2006:108 [ref. 28992], Kottelat 2012:40 [ref. 32367], Ye et al. 2015:55 [ref. 33808], Liu et al. 2016:66 [ref. 34369], Zhang et al. 2016:153 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Valid as Paralepidocephalus yui Tchang 1935. Cobitidae. Distribution: Nanpanjiang River, Yunnan, China. Habitat: freshwater.

yunnan, Misgurnus mohoity Nichols [J. T.] 1925:5 [American Museum Novitates No. 169; ref. 15550] Yunnan-fu (Kunming), Yunnan Province, China. Holotype: AMNH 8396. Paratypes or non-types: FMNH 14828 (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:57 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842) -- (Chen 1981:28 [ref. 8242], Yang 1991:198 [ref. 13585], Wu & Wu 1992:267 [ref. 21205], Yang & Chen 1995:30 [ref. 23555], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:92 [ref. 23556], Vasil'eva 2001:589 [ref. 25617], Kottelat 2012:35 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2019:415 [ref. 36699]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

zanandreai, Cobitis (Cobitis) taenia Cavicchioli [G.] 1965:1152, Figs. 1, 3 [Bollettino di Zoologia v. 32 (no. 2, pt 2); ref. 7947] Volturno River at Bridge Annibale, Capua, Caserta Province, southern Italy. Holotype: Inst. Anat. Comp. Univ. Ferrara 4. Paratypes: Inst. Anat. Comp. Univ. Ferrara (1), MSNM (48). •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Lelek 1987:247 [ref. 22962]). •Synonym of Cobitis bilineata Canestrini 1865 -- (Kottelat 1997:87 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Cobitis zanandreai Cavicchioli 1965 -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:318 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:30 [ref. 32367], Bianco 2013:9 [ref. 32897], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Bellucci et al. 2021:[3] [ref. 38590]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis zanandreai Cavicchioli 1965. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southern Europe: central and southern Italy endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

zeppelini, Lepidocephalichthys Havird [J. C.] & Tangjitjaroen [W.] in Havird et al. 2010:6, Figs. 1, 7G-I [Zootaxa No. 2557; ref. 30908] Mun River, tributary of Mekong River, Ubon Rajathanee University campus, 15°08'03.18"N, 104°55'27.78"E, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. Holotype: UF 174131. Paratypes: many at CAS, NIFI, UF, UMMZ and ZRC. •Valid as Lepidocephalichthys zeppelini Havird & Tangjitjaroen 2010 -- (Kottelat 2012:34 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:180 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2015:45 [ref. 33971], Kottelat 2017:713 [ref. 35678], Taki et al. 2021:189 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys zeppelini Havird & Tangjitjaroen 2010. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Mekong River basin, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

zeravschani, Cobitis kuschakewitschi kuschakewitschi natio Turdakov [F. A.] & Piskarev [K. V.] 1955:66 [Trudy Institut zoologii i parazitologii, Kirgizskii filial Akademii nauk SSSR v. 3; ref. 12235] Not available, infrasubspecific; from Zeravshan River, Uzbekistan. Infrasubspecific. Cobitidae.

zhejiangensis, Cobitis Son [Y.-M.] & He [S.-P.] 2005:237, Figs. 2-3 [Korean Journal of Ichthyology v. 17 (no. 4); ref. 29190] Ling River, Xianju district, Taizhou city, Zhejiang Province, China. Holotype: SUBC 9619. Paratypes: SUBC 9601-9616 (16), 9617-9632 [except 9619] (15). •Valid as Cobitis zhejiangensis Son & He 2005 -- (Kottelat 2012:30 [ref. 32367], Zhang et al. 2016:152 [ref. 34477], Tan et al. 2019:169 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis zhejiangensis Son & He 2005. Cobitidae. Distribution: Ling River, Xianju district, China. Habitat: freshwater.