Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the genus Knodus: [ 45 ] records

alpha, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson 1914:7 [Indiana University Studies No. 19; ref. 1259] Villavicencio, Río Orinoco system, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56646 [ex CM 5463]. Paratypes: (6) CAS 18511 [ex IU 13157] (5), FMNH 56646-47 (1, 1). Non-types: BMNH 1924.3.3.39-40 (2) Barriyona. Type catalog: Henn 1928:62 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:17 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Bryconamericus alpha Eigenmann 1914 -- (Román-Valencia 1999:112 [ref. 24922], Román-Valencia 2003:26 [ref. 27037], Román-Valencia 2003:7 [ref. 27070], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:115 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia 2002:209 [ref. 27206], Román-Valencia 2003:23, 37 [ref. 26840], Román-Valencia 2005:46 [ref. 28949], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:24 [ref. 29743], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:1749 [ref. 30068] with wrong authorship, Román-Valencia et al. 2009:1 [ref. 30393], Zarske et al. 2010:9 [ref. 30816], Mirande 2010:536 [ref. 31006], Román-Valencia 2010:201 [ref. 31063]). •Valid as Knodus alpha (Eigenmann 1914) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:App. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:89 [ref. 35773], Ferreira 2024:210 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Knodus alpha (Eigenmann 1914). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

angustus, Knodus Menezes [N. A.], Ferreira [K. M.] & Netto-Ferreira [A. L.] 2020:4, Figs. 1-5 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 18 (no. 2): e190139; ref. 37599] Prainha Nova beach in rio Aripuanã at end of road BR-174, Apuí, Amazonas, Brazil, 7°13'49.15"S, 60°39'3.56"W. Holotype: MZUSP 122222. Paratypes: MZUSP 124932 (70); UFRGS 28150 (5). •Valid as Knodus angustus Menezes, Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira 2020 -- (Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180]). Current status: Valid as Knodus angustus Menezes, Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira 2020. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Aripuanã drainage, Madeira River basin, Amazonas, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

beta, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson 1914:7 [Indiana University Studies No. 19; ref. 1259] Villavicencio, Orinoco River system, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56648 [ex CM 5465]. Paratypes: (9) CAS 39492 [ex IU 13158] (4), FMNH 56649 (4). Type catalog: Henn 1928:62 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:17 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Bryconamericus beta Eigenmann 1914 -- (Taphorn 1992:137 [ref. 23654], Galvis et al. 1997:43 [ref. 23651], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:115 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento 2016:537 [ref. 34727]). •Synonym of Bryconamericus alpha Eigenmann 1914 -- (Román-Valencia 2003:37 [ref. 26840]). •Synonym of Knodus alpha (Eigenmann 1914) -- (Ferreira 2024:210 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Knodus alpha (Eigenmann 1914). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Habitat: freshwater.

borari, Knodus Silva-Oliveira [C.], Canto [A. L. C.] & Ribeiro [F. R. V.] 2023:2, Figs. 1-3 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 103 (no. 1); ref. 40192] Rio Braço Leste, Rio Cupari drainage, Rio Tapajós basin, Rurópolis, Pará, Brazil, 04°07'12.1"S, 55°00'12.0"W. Holotype: UFOPA-I 1364. Paratypes: INPA 59900 (5), UFOPA 1365 (8). •Valid as Knodus borari Silva-Oliveira, Canto & Ribeiro 2023. Current status: Valid as Knodus borari Silva-Oliveira, Canto & Ribeiro 2023. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Cupari drainage, lower Rio Tapajós basin, Pará State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

borki, Knodus Zarske [A.] 2008:160, Figs. 1-3 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 58 (no. 2); ref. 29918] Near Iquitos, Peru [imported specimens]. Holotype: MTD F 31357. Paratypes: MHNG 2709/085 (1); MTD F 31358-62 (5); NMW 95153 (1); ZFMK 41480 (1); ZMB 33872 (1). Type catalog: Herder et al. 2010:117 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Knodus borki Zarske 2008 -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Knodus borki Zarske 2008. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: surroundings of Iquitos (Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

breviceps, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1908:105 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Rio Tocantins, Goiás, Brazil. Syntypes: (many) MCZ 20692 (2), USNM 120274 [ex MCZ 20692] (4). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:10 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Bryconamericus breviceps Eigenmann 1908 -- (Román-Valencia 2002:209 [ref. 27206], Román-Valencia 2003:7 [ref. 27070], Román-Valencia 2005:47 [ref. 28949]). •Valid as Knodus breviceps (Eigenmann 1908) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:143 [ref. 27061], Ferreira & Lima 2006:635 [ref. 28919], Mirande 2010:536 [ref. 31006], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35633], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Ferreira 2024:210 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Knodus breviceps (Eigenmann 1908). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco river basins (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Peru and Bolivia). Habitat: freshwater.

caquetae, Knodus Fowler [H. W.] 1945:94, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 97; ref. 1454] Morelia, Río Caquetá drainage, Colombia [probably Bodoquero River, near the town of Morelia]. Holotype: ANSP 71670. Paratype: ANSP 71671 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:44 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Bryconamericus hypopterus Fowler 1943 -- (Román-Valencia 2003:40 [ref. 26840], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[12] [ref. 35679]). •Valid as Knodus caquetae Fowler 1945 -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:143 [ref. 27061], Thomaz et al. 2015:App. 5 [ref. 33893]). •Synonym of Bryconacidnus hypopterus (Fowler 1943). Current status: Uncertain as Knodus caquetae Fowler 1945. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Caquetá River basins, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

caudovittatus, Bryconamericus deuterodonoides Inger [R. F.] 1956:435 [Fieldiana Zoology v. 34 (no. 37); ref. 12201] Río Abácapa, west side of Chimantá-tepui, Venezuela, elevation 1300 feet. Holotype: FMNH 45706. Paratypes: FMNH 45707 (12). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:18 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Bryconamericus deuterodonoides Eigenmann 1914, but a valid subspecies as described but with question -- (Taphorn 1992:140 [ref. 23654]). •Synonym of Bryconamericus cismontanus Eigenmann 1914 -- (Román-Valencia 2003:7 [ref. 27070]). •Synonym of Bryconamericus deuterodonoides Eigenmann 1914 -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:116 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia 2003:40 [ref. 26840]). •Synonym of Knodus deuterodonoides (Eigenmann 1914) -- (Ferreira 2024:211 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Knodus deuterodonoides (Eigenmann 1914). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Habitat: freshwater.

chapadae, Astyanax Fowler [H. W.] 1906:349, Fig. 33 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 58; ref. 1373] Headwaters of Rio Paraguay, near Santa Ana da Chapada [or ? headwaters of the Rio Tocantins], Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP 21828 (caudal fin damaged). Paratype: ANSP 21829 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:44 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Bryconamericus chapadae (Fowler 1906) -- (Britski et al. 1999:30 [ref. 24147]). •Valid as Knodus chapadae (Fowler 1906) -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:143 [ref. 27061], Ferreira & Lima 2006:635 [ref. 28919], Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira 2010:470 [ref. 30882], Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:App. 5 [ref. 33893], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:582 [ref. 37361], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Ferreira 2024:210 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Knodus chapadae (Fowler 1906). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraguay River basin, Brazil and Bolivia and Tocantins basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

cinarucoense, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.], Taphorn [D. C.] & Ruiz-C. [R. I.] 2008:19, Fig. 1 [Animal Biodiversity and Conservation v. 31 (no. 1); ref. 29743] Sand beach, 6°32'55"N, 67°24'58"W, Cinaruco River, Orinoco River basin, Apure State, Venezuela. Holotype: MCNG 52002. Paratypes: at IUQ and MCNG. Plus non-type material. Specific name should have been cinarucoensis, an adjective. •Valid as Bryconamericus cinarucoensis Román-Valencia, Taphorn & Ruiz-C. 2008 -- (Zarske et al. 2010:9 [ref. 30816] as cinarucoense). •Valid as Knodus cinarucoensis (Román-Valencia, Taphorn & Ruiz-C. 2008) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:App. 5 [ref. 33893] as cinarucoense, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:59 [ref. 35633] as cinarucoense, Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:582 [ref. 37361] as cinarucoense, Deprá et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38180] as cinarucoense). Current status: Valid as Knodus cinarucoensis (Román-Valencia, Taphorn & Ruiz-C. 2008). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin, Colombia, Guyana and Venezuela, and Branco River basin, Roraima, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

cismontanus, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson 1914:4 [Indiana University Studies No. 19; ref. 1259] Villavicencio, Orinoco system, Colombia. Holotype (unique): FMNH 56642 [ex CM 5459]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:62 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:18 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Bryconamericus cismontanus Eigenmann 1914 -- (Román-Valencia 1999:113 [ref. 24922], Román-Valencia 2003:29 [ref. 27037], Román-Valencia 2003:7 [ref. 27070], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:115 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia 2002:209 [ref. 27206], Román-Valencia 2003:23 [ref. 26840], Román-Valencia 2003:482 [ref. 27478], Román-Valencia 2005:54 [ref. 28949], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:24 [ref. 29743], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:1749 [ref. 30068] with wrong authorship, Zarske et al. 2010:9 [ref. 30816], Román-Valencia 2010:201 [ref. 31063], Dagosta & Netto-Ferreira 2015:435 [ref. 33665], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:89 [ref. 35773] as cf. cismontanus). •Valid as Knodus cismontanus (Eigenmann 1914) -- (García-Melo et al. 2019:10 [ref. 36761]). Current status: Valid as Knodus cismontanus (Eigenmann 1914). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin: Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

cupariensis, Knodus de Sousa [D. J. A.], Silva-Oliveira [C.], Canto [A. L. C.] & Ribeiro [F. R. V.] 2020:576, Figs. 1-4 [Zootaxa 4747 (no. 3); ref. 37361] Unnamed stream tributary of rio Tinga, rio Cupari drainage, rio Tapajós basin, Rurópolis, Pará State, Brazil, 4°05'10.80"S, 54°51'10.60"W. Holotype: INPA 59396. Paratypes: INPA, MCP, UFOPA, ZUEC. •Valid as Knodus cupariensis de Sousa, Silva-Oliveira, Canto & Ribeiro 2020 -- (Deprá et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38180], Aguiar et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39329], Ferreira & Ohara 2023:373 [ref. 39833], Silva-Oliveira et al. 2023:1 [ref. 40192]). Current status: Valid as Knodus cupariensis de Sousa, Silva-Oliveira, Canto & Ribeiro 2020. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Cupari drainage, lower Tapajós River basin, Pará State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

delta, Knodus Géry [J.] 1972:56, Pl. 3 (fig. 2) [Acta Humboldtiana (Series Geologica, Palaeontologica et Biologica Nr. 2) No. 2; ref. 1595] Creek near Puerto Napo, upper Río Napo, Ecuador. Holotype: ZMH H1473. Paratypes: MNHN 1980-1444 (1), ZMH H1473a (5). Type catalog: Wilkens 1977:156 [ref. 22013]. •Valid as Bryconamericanus delta (Géry 1972) -- (Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393], Barriga S. 2012:106 [ref. 35745] with author as Román-Valencia 2000). •Valid as Knodus delta Géry 1972 -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:143 [ref. 27061], Ferreira & Lima 2006:635 [ref. 28919], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:127 [ref. 32807], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180]). Current status: Valid as Knodus delta Géry 1972. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin, Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

deuterodonoides, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson 1914:5 [Indiana University Studies No. 19; ref. 1259] Río Negro, Quebrada at Villavicencio, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56644 [ex CM 5461]. Paratypes: (13) CAS 61221 [ex IU 13156] (6), FMNH 56645 (6). •Valid as Bryconamericus deuterodonoides Eigenmann 1914 -- (Taphorn 1992:140 [ref. 23654], Román-Valencia 1999:113 [ref. 24922], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:116 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia 2003:40 [ref. 26840], Zarske et al. 2010:9 [ref. 30816], Dagosta & Netto-Ferreira 2015:435 [ref. 33665]). •Valid as Knodus deuterodonoides (Eigenmann 1914) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:App. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:59 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:89 [ref. 35773], Deprá et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38180], Ferreira 2024:211 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Knodus deuterodonoides (Eigenmann 1914). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River and Lake Maracaibo basins, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

diaphanus, Tetragonopterus Cope [E. D.] 1878:691 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17 (no. 101); ref. 945] Río Huallaga at Moyabamba, Peru. Lectotype: ANSP 21216. Paralectotypes: ANSP 21217-18 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:45 [ref. 13621] as holotype and paratypes. Lectotype established by Fowler 1906:339, Fig. 27 [ref. 1373]. •Valid as Bryconamericus diaphanus (Cope 1878) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:116 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:126 [ref. 32807], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:108 [ref. 33608], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298]). •Valid as Knodus diaphanus (Cope 1878) -- (García-Melo et al. 2019:10 [ref. 36761], Román-Valencia et al. 2023:50 [ref. 40431]). Current status: Valid as Knodus diaphanus (Cope 1878). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: western Amazon River basin (Peru and Bolivia). Habitat: freshwater.

dorsomaculatus, Knodus Ferreira [K. M.] & Netto-Ferreira [A. L.] 2010:470, Figs. 1-2 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 77 (no. 3); ref. 30882] Jacareacanga, tributary of the Teles Pires River, Tapajós River basin, 9°18'30"S, 56°47'38"W, Pará, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 102823. Paratypes: MZUSP 98279 (2), 98299 (2). •Valid as Knodus dorsomaculatus Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira 2010 -- (Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:582 [ref. 37361], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Aguiar et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39329], Ferreira & Ohara 2023:373 [ref. 39833], Silva-Oliveira et al. 2023:1 [ref. 40192]). Current status: Valid as Knodus dorsomaculatus Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira 2010. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Teles Pires River drainage, Tapajós River basin, Pará State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

euryodous, Bryconamericus deuterodonoides Schultz [L. P.] 1944:344, Fig. 51 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 95 (no. 3181); ref. 3960] Río Guárico and tributaries between San Sebastián and San Casimiro, Aragua state, Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 121437. Paratypes: MCZ 37264 [ex USNM 121438] (5), UMMZ 145041 [ex USNM 121438] (5), USNM 121438 (orig. 408, now 388), ZMA 102144 [ex USNM 121438] (orig. 10, now 8). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:15 [ref. 19236], Vari & Howe 1991:10 [ref. 19022]. •Synonym of Bryconamericus deuterodonoides Eigenmann 1914, but a valid subspecies as described but with question -- (Taphorn 1992:140 [ref. 23654]). •Synonym of Bryconamericus deuterodonoides Eigenmann 1914 -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:116 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia 2003:40 [ref. 26840]). •Synonym of Knodus deuterodonoides (Eigenmann 1914) -- (Ferreira 2024:211 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Knodus deuterodonoides (Eigenmann 1914). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Habitat: freshwater.

figueiredoi, Knodus Esguícero [A. L. H.] & Castro [R. M. C.] 2014:40, Figs. 1-4. 5c [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 25 (no. 1); ref. 33506] Guiratinga Municipality, Rio das Gasças, upper Rio Araguaia basin, 16°13'11"N, 53°35'59"W, Brazil. Holotype: LIRP 10238. Paratypes: DZSJRP, INPA, LIRP, NUP. Type catalog: Andrade et al. 2017:441 [ref. 35588], Oliveira et al. 2022:8 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Knodus figueiredoi Esguícero & Castro 2014 -- (Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:582 [ref. 37361], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Silva-Oliveira et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40192]). Current status: Valid as Knodus figueiredoi Esguícero & Castro 2014. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Rio das Gasças drainage, upper Rio Araguaia basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

gamma, Knodus Géry [J.] 1972:52, Pl. 2 (fig. 3) [Acta Humboldtiana (Series Geologica, Palaeontologica et Biologica Nr. 2) No. 2; ref. 1595] Río Villano, affluent of River Cururay, Ecuador. Holotype: ZMH H1861. Paratypes: ZMH H2211 (2), Géry coll. (1). Type catalog: Wilkens 1977:156 [ref. 22013]. •Valid as Bryconamericus gamma (Géry 1972) -- (Román-Valencia 2003:24 [ref. 26840], Román-Valencia 2005:54 [ref. 28949]). •Mention -- (Ferreira & Lima 2006:637 [ref. 28919], Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506]). •Valid as Knodus gamma Géry 1972 -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:143 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:59 [ref. 35633], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Knodus gamma Géry 1972. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: western Amazon River basin (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia). Habitat: freshwater.

geryi, Knodus Lima [F. C. T.], Britski [H. A.] & Machado [F. A.] 2004:577, Figs. 1-2 [Copeia 2004 (no. 3); ref. 27909] Rio do Peixe, tributary of rio Cabaçal, fazenda Entre Rios, at the bridge, 14°55'00"S, 58°27'24"W, Barra dos Bugres, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 83354. Paratypes: FMNH 112958 (1), MZUSP 78863 (28, 2 c&s). •Valid as Knodus geryi Lima, Britski & Machado 2004 -- (Ferreira & Lima 2006:636 [ref. 28919], Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Menezes & Marinho 2019:16 [ref. 36822], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:582 [ref. 37361], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180]). Current status: Valid as Knodus geryi Lima, Britski & Machado 2004. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraguay River basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

guajajara, Knodus Aguiar [R. G.], Brito [P. S. de], Ottoni [F. P.] & Guimarães [E. C.] in Aguiar, Guimarães, Brito, Santos, Katz, Dia et al. 2022:7, Figs. 1-4 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 20 (no. 2): e210173; ref. 39329] Igarapé Arapapá, Pindaré River drainage, Mearim River basin, Alto Alegre do Pindaré municipality, Maranhão State, Brazil, 03°42'26"S, 46°00'25"W. Holotype: CICCAA 4883. Paratypes: CICCAA, CIUEMA, LBP, UFRJ. •Valid as Knodus guajajara Aguiar, Brito, Ottoni & Guimarães 2022 -- (Koerber et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40665], Vieira et al. 2023:17 [ref. 40759]). Current status: Valid as Knodus guajajara Aguiar, Brito, Ottoni & Guimarães 2022. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Mearim and Munim River drainages, Maranhão (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

heteresthes, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1908:105 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Rio Tapajos, Brazil. Syntypes: (40) MCZ 89966 [ex MCZ 20862a] (34), USNM 120247 [ex MCZ 20862a] (6). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:10 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Bryconamericus heteresthes Eigenmann 1908 -- (Román-Valencia 2002:209 [ref. 27206] as heretesthes, Román-Valencia 2003:7 [ref. 27070], Román-Valencia 2003:23, 43 [ref. 26840], Román-Valencia 2005:56 [ref. 28949], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:1749 [ref. 30068], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393]). •Valid as Knodus heteresthes (Eigenmann 1908) -- (Planquette et al. 1996:244 [ref. 22818] as heterestes, Keith et al. 2000:13 [ref. 24547] as heterestes, Silva in Reis et al. 2003:143 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2006:56 [ref. 28753], Ferreira & Lima 2006:635 [ref. 28919], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:127 [ref. 32807], Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:59 [ref. 35633], Careaga et al. 2020:75 [ref. 37774], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:583 [ref. 37361], Deprá et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38180], Aguiar et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39329], Ferreira & Ohara 2023:373 [ref. 39833], Silva-Oliveira et al. 2023:1 [ref. 40192], Ferreira 2024:212 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Knodus heteresthes (Eigenmann 1908). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

hypopterus, Bryconamericus Fowler [H. W.] 1943:242, Fig. 20 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 95; ref. 1443] Río Orteguasa, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia. Holotype (unique): ANSP 70505. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:48 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Bryconamericus hypopterus Fowler 1943 -- (Román-Valencia 2000:460 [ref. 25256], Román-Valencia 2003:482 [ref. 27478], Román-Valencia 2003:23, 43 [ref. 26840], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:1749 [ref. 30068], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393]). •Valid as Bryconacidnus hypopterus (Fowler 1943) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35633]). •Valid as Knodus hypopterus (Fowler 1943) -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:143 [ref. 27061], Ferreira & Lima 2006:635 [ref. 28919], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:127 [ref. 32807], Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:583 [ref. 37361], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Knodus hypopterus (Fowler 1943). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Colombia, Peru and Bolivia). Habitat: freshwater.

jacunda, Bryconamericus Fowler [H. W.] 1913:555, Fig. 17 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 65; ref. 1389] Madeira River, about 200 miles east of 62°20'W, Rondônia, near Porto Velho, Brazil. Holotype (unique): ANSP 39292. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:49 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Bryconamericus jacunda Fowler 1913 -- (Román-Valencia 2003:24 [ref. 26840]). •Mention -- (Ferreira & Lima 2006:637 [ref. 28919]). •Valid as Knodus jacunda (Fowler 1913) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180]). •Synonym of Knodus smithi (Fowler 1913) -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:144 [ref. 27061], Ferreira 2024:214 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Knodus smithi (Fowler 1913). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Habitat: freshwater.

longus, Knodus Zarske [A.] & Géry [J.] 2006:52, Figs. 1-2 [Zoologische Abhandlungen, Staatliche Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden, Museum für Tierkunde. v. 55; ref. 28753] Río Harinilla [Warinilla] near Choiro, Bolivia, elevation 1400 meters. Holotype: MTD F 28853. Paratypes: Géry coll. (1); MTD F 28854 (1). •Valid as Knodus longus Zarske & Géry 2006 -- (Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). Current status: Valid as Knodus longus Zarske & Géry 2006. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: Harinilla River, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

macarenae, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.], García-Alzate [C. A.], Ruiz-C. [R. I.] & Taphorn [D. C.] 2010:197, Figs. 1-2 [Animal Biodiversity and Conservation v.33 (no. 2); ref. 31063] Orinoco River Basin, Blanco River drainage, Pringamosal Creek, 500 meters from La Palestina School, 3°03'15"N, 73°49'54'W, La Palestina village, Vista Herosa, Departamento Meta, Colombia, elevation 282 meters. Holotype: IUQ 2448. Paratypes: Many at AUM, IUQ. •Valid as Bryconamericus macarenae Román-Valencia, García-Alzate, Ruiz-C. & Taphorn 2010 -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35633]). •Valid as Knodus macarenae (Román-Valencia, García-Alzate, Ruiz-C. & Taphorn 2010) -- (García-Melo et al. 2019:10 [ref. 36761], Ferreira 2024:212 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Knodus macarenae (Román-Valencia, García-Alzate, Ruiz-C. & Taphorn 2010). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Güejar River drainage, Orinoco River basin, Meta, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

megalops, Knodus Myers [G. S.] in Eigenmann & Myers 1929:527 [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 43 (pt 5); ref. 1263] Río Pichis, Puerto Bermudez, Peru. Holotype (unique): CAS 61845 [ex IU 17668]. •Valid as Knodus megalops Myers 1929 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:143 [ref. 27061], Zarske 2008:169 [ref. 29918], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:583 [ref. 37361], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Knodus megalops Myers 1929. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Peru and Ecuador). Habitat: freshwater.

meridae, Knodus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1911:216 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 7 (no. 38) (art. 24); ref. 1225] Merida, Venezuela. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1908.5.29.148. •Valid as Bryconamericus meridae (Eigenmann 1911) -- (Galvis et al. 1997:42 [ref. 23651], Román-Valencia 2002:209 [ref. 27206], Román-Valencia 2003:7 [ref. 27070], Román-Valencia 2003:482 [ref. 27478], Román-Valencia 2005:58 [ref. 28949], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:24 [ref. 29743], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393], Román-Valencia 2010:201 [ref. 31063]). •Valid as Knodus meridae Eigenmann 1911 -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:143 [ref. 27061], Ferreira & Lima 2006:635 [ref. 28919], Baicere-Silva et al. 2011:382 [ref. 31395], Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira 2010:470 [ref. 30882], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:129 [ref. 32807], Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:59 [ref. 35633], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:583 [ref. 37361], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180]). Current status: Valid as Knodus meridae Eigenmann 1911. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Merida, Lake Maracaibo basin, Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

mizquae, Astyanax Fowler [H. W.] 1943:4, Fig. 3 [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 120; ref. 1442] Río Mizque, Ele Ele, Cochabamba, Bolivia, elevation 5000 feet. Holotype: ANSP 69176. Paratypes: ANSP 69177-92 (16, 1 missing), Géry coll. (1) [ex ANSP 69177]. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:51 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Knodus mizquae (Fowler 1943) -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:143 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2006:52 [ref. 28753], Ferreira & Lima 2006:637 [ref. 28919], Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira 2010:470 [ref. 30882], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:130 [ref. 32807], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180]). Current status: Valid as Knodus mizquae (Fowler 1943). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon basin, Brazil and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

moenkhausii, Poecilurichthys Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.] 1903:522 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Brook near Arroyo Trementina, Paraguay. Holotype: CAS 55102 [ex IU 10001]. Paratypes: AMNH 1463 (2); CAS 55103 [ex IU 10002] (1), 55104 [IU 10003] (orig. 9, now 4); FMNH 52601 (2). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:68 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Knodus moenkhausii (Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Ferreira & Lima 2006:637 [ref. 28919], Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira 2010:470 [ref. 30882], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:130 [ref. 32807], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745] as cf. moenkhausii, Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:59 [ref. 35633], Koerber et al. 2017:34 [ref. 35267], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36506], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:583 [ref. 37361], Reis et al. 2020:460 [ref. 38364], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Quintela et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40727] as cf. moenkhausii). Current status: Valid as Knodus moenkhausii (Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon, Paraná and Jequitinhonha River basins: Bolivia, Brazil, ?Ecuador, Colombia, Paraguay and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

nuptialis, Knodus Menezes [N. A.] & Marinho [M. M. F.] 2019:3, Figs. 1-8 [PLoS ONE v. 14 (no. 7): e0217915; ref. 36822] Upstream dam in Rio 13 de Maio at small hydroelectric central Salto do Três de Maio, tributary of Rio Curuá, Rio Xingu basin, Altamira, Pará, Brazil, 8°44'59"S, 55°1'58.8"W. Holotype: MZUSP 124829. Paratypes: INPA, MCP, MNRJ, MZUSP. •Valid as Knodus nuptialis Menezes & Marinho 2019 -- (Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Aguiar et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39329]). Current status: Valid as Knodus nuptialis Menezes & Marinho 2019. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Curuá drainage, Rio Xingu basin, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

obolus, Knodus Deprá [G. C.], Ota [R. R.], Vitorino Júnior [O. B.] & Ferreira [K. M.] 2021:14, Figs. 6-8 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 19 (no. 1): e200106; ref. 38180] Ribeirão Dois Irmãos, tributary to the rio do Peixe, tributary to the rio das Almas, tributary to the rio Maranhão, tributary to the rio Tocantins, Municipality of Pirenópolis, Goiás State, Brazil, 15°42'50"S, 49°2'39"W, elevation 713 meters. Holotype: NUP 22667. Paratypes: CPUFMT, MCP, NUP. Plus additional non-type material. Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:8 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Knodus obolus Deprá, Ota, Vitorino Júnior & Ferreira 2021. Current status: Valid as Knodus obolus Deprá, Ota, Vitorino Júnior & Ferreira 2021. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: das Almas River drainage, upper Tocantins River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

orteguasae, Bryconamericus Fowler [H. W.] 1943:240, Fig. 19 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 95; ref. 1443] Río Orteguasa, Florência, Caquetá, Colombia. Holotype (unique): ANSP 70504. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:52 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Bryconamericus orteguasae Fowler 1943 -- (Román-Valencia 2000:460 [ref. 25256], Román-Valencia 2003:482 [ref. 27478], Román-Valencia 2003:24, 46 [ref. 26840], Román-Valencia et al. 2006:212 [ref. 28983], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:1750 [ref. 30068], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393]). •Valid as Knodus orteguasae (Fowler 1943) -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:143 [ref. 27061], Ferreira & Lima 2006:637 [ref. 28919], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:129 [ref. 32807], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:59 [ref. 35633], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:583 [ref. 37361], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Ferreira 2024:213 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Knodus orteguasae (Fowler 1943). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Brazil, Peru, Ecuador and Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

pasco, Knodus Zarske [A.] 2007:16, Figs. 1-3 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 57 (no. 1); ref. 29232] Near San Antonio de Cacazú, Departamento Pasco, Peru. Holotype: MTD F 30634. Paratypes: Géry private coll. (2); MTD F 30635-40 (6). •Valid as Knodus pasco Zarske 2007 -- (Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira 2010:470 [ref. 30882], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:129 [ref. 32807], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Deprá et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38180]). Current status: Valid as Knodus pasco Zarske 2007. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin, Departamento Pasco, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

rufford, Knodus Deprá [G. C.], Ota [R. R.], Vitorino Júnior [O. B.] & Ferreira [K. M.] 2021:6, Figs. 2-4 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 19 (no. 1): e200106; ref. 38180] Ribeirão Dois Irmãos, tributary to the rio do Peixe, tributary to the rio das Almas, tributary to the rio Maranhão, tributary to the rio Tocantins, Municipality of Pirenópolis, Goiás State, Brazil, 15°42'50"S, 49°2'39"W, elevation 713 meters. Holotype: NUP 22661. Paratypes: CPUFMT, MCP, NUP. Plus additional non-type material. Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:9 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Knodus rufford Deprá, Ota, Vitorino Júnior & Ferreira 2021. Current status: Valid as Knodus rufford Deprá, Ota, Vitorino Júnior & Ferreira 2021. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: das Almas River drainage, upper Tocantins River basin (Goiás, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

savannensis, Knodus Géry [J.] 1961:26, Figs. 1-3 [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 9 (no. 9, May); ref. 9352] Estado do Tocantins [two possible localities], Brazil. Holotype: USNM 196088. Paratypes: Géry coll. M.1131 (1). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:29 [ref. 19022]. For type locality correction see Lima & Géry 2001:95 [ref. 26057]. •Valid as Knodus savannensis Géry 1961 -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:144 [ref. 27061], Ferreira & Lima 2006:635 [ref. 28919], Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira 2010:470 [ref. 30882], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:583 [ref. 37361], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Aguiar et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39329], Koerber et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40665]). Current status: Valid as Knodus savannensis Géry 1961. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon and Tocantins River drainages (Brazil and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

septentrionalis, Knodus victoriae Géry [J.] 1972:49, Pl. 2 (fig. 1) [Acta Humboldtiana (Series Geologica, Palaeontologica et Biologica Nr. 2) No. 2; ref. 1595] Río Capotazo, affluent of upper Río Pastaza, Ecuador. Holotype: ZMH H2261. Paratype: Géry coll. (1). Type catalog: Wilkens 1977:156 [ref. 22013]. •Valid as Knodus septentrionalis Géry 1972 -- (Chang & Ortega 1995:3 [ref. 24302], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:144 [ref. 27061], Ferreira & Lima 2006:637 [ref. 28919], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Aguiar et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39329]). •Synonym of Knodus orteguasae (Fowler 1943) -- (Ferreira 2024:212 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Knodus septentrionalis Géry 1972. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: upper Pastaza River drainage (Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

shinahota, Knodus Ferreira [K. M.] & Carvajal [F. M.] 2007:32, Figs. 1-2 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 29173] Río Shinahota, about 150 meters upriver from under bridge of new Cochabamba-Santa Cruz road, río Chapare basin, río Mamoré system, town of Shinahota, Province de Tiraque, Cochabamba, Bolivia, 16°59'34"S, 65°15'04"W. Holotype: LIRP 5722. Paratypes: LIRP 5723 (7), MZUSP 91630 (3), UMSS 935 (12). •Valid as Knodus shinahota Ferreira & Carvajal 2007 -- (Román-Valencia et al. 2013:130 [ref. 32807], Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180]). Current status: Valid as Knodus shinahota Ferreira & Carvajal 2007. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Mamoré River drainage, Bolivia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

smithi, Bryconamericus Fowler [H. W.] 1913:557, Fig. 18 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 65; ref. 1389] Rio Madeira tributary, near Porto Velho, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP 39293. Paratypes: ANSP 39294-97 (4), 39298 (1, c&s). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:54 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Knodus smithi (Fowler 1913) -- (Chang & Ortega 1995:3 [ref. 24302], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:144 [ref. 27061], Ferreira & Lima 2006:635 [ref. 28919], Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:583 [ref. 37361], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Ferreira 2024:214 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Knodus smithi (Fowler 1913). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Madeira River drainage, upper Amazon basin (Bolivia, Brazil and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

tanaothoros, Bryconadenos Weitzman [S. H.], Menezes [N. A.], Evers [H.-G.] & Burns [J. R.] 2005:338, Figs. 1-5, 7-9 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 28384] Serra do Roncador, along shore line of rio Suiá-Missu, near Fazenda Terra do Sol, west of road BR-158 at 12°50'90"S, 52°07'46'W, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 85852. Paratypes: LIRP 4087 (6); MCP 29467 (36); MZUP 62102 (3), 79752 (6); USNM 380150 (10), 352061 (9, plus one not retined) •Valid as Bryconadenos tanaothoros Weitzman, Menezes, Evers & Burns 2005 -- (Menezes et al. 2009:148 [ref. 30247]). •Valid as Knodus tanaothoros (Weitzman, Menezes, Evers & Burns 2005) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Deprá et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38180], Ferreira & Ohara 2023:373 [ref. 39833]). Current status: Valid as Knodus tanaothoros (Weitzman, Menezes, Evers & Burns 2005). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Suiá-Missu River drainage, Tapajós River basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

ternetzi, Bryconamericus Myers [G. S.] 1928:89 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 2 (no. 7); ref. 3100] Amazon, Comanáos Rapids, Upper Rio Negro, Brazil. Holotype (unique): CAS 44216 [ex IU]. •Valid as Bryconamericus ternetzi Myers 1928 -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:118 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Bryconamericus heteresthes Eigenmann 1908 -- (Román-Valencia 2003:43 [ref. 26840]). •Synonym of Knodus heteresthes (Eigenmann 1908) -- (Ferreira 2024:212 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Knodus heteresthes (Eigenmann 1908). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Habitat: freshwater.

tiquiensis, Knodus Ferreira [K. M.] & Lima [F. C. T.] 2006:630, Figs. 1-3 [Copeia 2006 (no. 4); ref. 28919] Rio Tiquié, Indian village of Caruru, cachoeira do Caruru, 0°16'28.9"N, 69°54'53.6"W, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 88059. Paratypes: Many lots at AMNH, FMNH, INPA, LIRP, MZUSP. Plus non-type material. •Valid as Knodus tiquiensis Ferreira & Lima 2006 -- (Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira 2010:470 [ref. 30882], Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:59 [ref. 35633], Menezes & Marinho 2019:16 [ref. 36822], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:583 [ref. 37361], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Ferreira & Ohara 2023:374 [ref. 39833], Ferreira 2024:214 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Knodus tiquiensis Ferreira & Lima 2006. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Negro drainage, Amazon River basin, Brazil and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

victoriae, Tetragonopterus Steindachner [F.] 1907:83 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 44 (no. 6) (for 28 Feb. 1907); ref. 20499] Near mouth of River Parnaiba at Victoria, Alto Parnaíba Municipality, Maranhão, Brazil. Syntypes: (several) NMW 57823-25 (16, 13, 18). Comments on type locality see Aguiar et al. 2021:1 [ref. 38534]. •Valid as Knodus victoriae (Steindachner 1907) -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:144 [ref. 27061], Ferreira & Lima 2006:637 [ref. 28919], Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira 2010:470 [ref. 30882], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:130 [ref. 32807], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506], Ramos et al. 2014:4 [ref. 35321], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Melo et al. 2016:376 [ref. 35317], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:583 [ref. 37361], Aguiar et al. 2021:1 [ref. 38534], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Koerber et al. 2022:41 [ref. 39235], Aguiar et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39329], Ferreira 2024:214 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Knodus victoriae (Steindachner 1907). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Parnaíba River and upper Amazon River basins, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

weitzmani, Bryconadenos Menezes [N. A.], Netto-Ferreira [A. L.] & Ferreira [K. M.] 2009:148, Figs. 1-3 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 7 (no. 2); ref. 30247] Rio Curuá tributary of rio Iriri, rio Xingu basin, 8°43'50"S, 54°57'49"W, Altamira, Pará State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 98666. Paratypes; MZUSP 96558 (10), 96559 (20). •Valid as Bryconadenos weitzmani Menezes, Netto-Ferreira & Ferreira 2009. •Valid as Knodus weitzmani (Menezes, Netto-Ferreira & Ferreira 2009) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Deprá et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38180], Aguiar et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39329]). Current status: Valid as Knodus weitzmani (Menezes, Netto-Ferreira & Ferreira 2009). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Curuá drainage, rio Xingu basin, Para State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

ytuanama, Knodus Ferreira [K. M.] & Ohara [W. M.] 2023:366, Figs. 1-5 [Zootaxa 5227 (no. 3); ref. 39833] Rio Mutum, near the road BR-174, Comodoro, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 13°5'10.76"S, 59°53'33.76"W. Holotype: CPUFMT 7756. Paratypes: CPUFMT, INPA, MZUSP, UFRO, ZUEC. •Valid as Knodus ytuanama Ferreira & Ohara 2023 -- (Silva-Oliveira et al. 2023:1 [ref. 40192]). Current status: Valid as Knodus ytuanama Ferreira & Ohara 2023. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Juruena drainage, Tapajós River basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.