Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the genus Moenkhausia: [ 111 ] records

abyss, Moenkhausia Oliveira [G. D.] & Marinho [M. M. F.] 2016:567, Figs. 1-3, 6a [Zootaxa 4093 (no. 4); ref. 34342] Beach at Porto de Moz, rio Xingu, Pará, Brazil, 1°76’33.3"S, 52°23’91"W. Holotype: MZUSP 117077. Paratypes: MCP, MZUSP, NUP. Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Moenkhausia abyss Oliveira & Marinho 2016 -- (Marinho & Langeani 2016:348 [ref. 34416]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia abyss Oliveira & Marinho 2016. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Amazon basin lowlands (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

affinis, Moenkhausia Steindachner [F.] 1915:348 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 52 (no. 27); ref. 20500] Mouth of Rio Negro, Brazil. Syntypes: (3) NMW. Species described in more detail in Steindachner 1915:584 [ref. 15070]. •Valid as Moenkhausia affinis Steindachner 1915 -- (Benine in Reis et al. 2003:145 [ref. 27061], Géry & Zarske 2004:42 [ref. 28287], Carvalho et al. 2014:378 [ref. 33383]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia affinis Steindachner 1915. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Lower Negro River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

agassizii, Tetragonopterus Steindachner [F.] 1876:89 [41], Pl. 8 (fig. 2) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 74 (1. Abth.); ref. 4225] Amazon River at Tabatinga, Brazil. Syntypes: (several) ZMUC 42 (1); NMW 57176-79 (2, 2, 3, 2). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:46 [ref. 9588]. On p. 41 of separate. •Synonym of Moenkhausia oligolepis (Günther 1864) -- (Marinho & Benine 2024:233 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Moenkhausia oligolepis (Günther 1864). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Habitat: freshwater.

agnesae, Moenkhausia Géry [J.] 1965:14, Pl. 1 (figs. 1-2) [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 46 (no. 1); ref. 1584] L'arapé Préto, along Upper Amazon, near Belem, about 60 kilometers below Leticia, Brazil. Holotype: SMF 7238. Paratypes: Géry coll. 0167 (orig. 5); SMF 7239-45 (7), 7246-54 (9); ZMA 113863 (1). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:21 [ref. 19236]. •Valid as Moenkhausia agnesae Géry 1965 -- (Benine in Reis et al. 2003:145 [ref. 27061], Géry & Zarske 2004:43 [ref. 28287], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837] as agnase, Lima & Soares 2018:74 [ref. 36077], Soares et al. 2019:237 [ref. 36688], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia agnesae Géry 1965. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Brazil and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

albolineatus, Knodus Holly [M.] 1929:117 [1] [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 66 (no. 13) (for 2 May 1929); ref. 16088] Piquirão, Amazon River, Pará State, Brazil. Syntypes: NMW 83365 (2). Type catalog: Bogutskaya et al. 2022:49 [ref. 39277]. On p. 1 of separate. •Species inquirenda in Characidae -- (Reis et al. 2003:159 [ref. 27061] without syntypes). •Mention -- (Ferreira & Lima 2006:637 [ref. 28919], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180]). •Synonym of Moenkhausia cotinho Eigenmann 1908 -- (Zarske & Géry 2006:11 [ref. 29010], Mathubara & Toledo-Piza 2020:11 [ref. 37778], Marinho & Benine 2024:226 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Moenkhausia cotinho Eigenmann 1908. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Habitat: freshwater.

alesis, Moenkhausia Petrolli [M. G.] & Benine [R. C.] 2015:407, Figs. 5, 9d [Zootaxa 3986 (no. 4); ref. 33887] Tocantins, Conceição de Tocantins, rio Palmas at TO 050, near to Chuva de Manga locality, Brazil, 12°25’07"S, 47°11’52"W. Holotype: MZUSP 117139. Paratypes: INPA, LBP, MZUSP. •Valid as Moenkhausia alesis Petrolli & Benine 2015 -- (Marinho & Benine 2024:222 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia alesis Petrolli & Benine 2015. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Rio Araguaia and Rio Tocantins drainages, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

andrica, Moenkhausia Reia [L.], Oliveira [C.] & Benine [R. C.] 2021:3, Figs. 1-4, 6a1-a2, 8 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 99 (no. 4); ref. 38583] Ribeirão Santo Antônio, rio Arinos, rio Tapajós basin, Diamantino, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 14°09'09.2"S, 57°19'10"W. Holotype: MZUSP 125834. Paratypes: LBP, MZUEL, MZUSP. •Valid as Moenkhausia andrica Reia, Oliveira & Benine 2021. Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia andrica Reia, Oliveira & Benine 2021. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Juruena drainage, Tapajós River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

atahualpianus, Astyanax Fowler [H. W.] 1907:436, Fig. 36 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 58 (for 1906); ref. 1374] Near Pebas, Peru. Holotype: ANSP 21435. Paratypes: ANSP 21436 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:43 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Moenkhausia atahualpiana (Fowler 1907) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:145 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia atahualpiana (Fowler 1907). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Peru and Ecuador). Habitat: freshwater.

aurantia, Moenkhausia Bertaco [V. A.], Jerep [F. C.] & Carvalho [F. R.] 2011:30, Figs. 1-3 [Zootaxa No. 2934; ref. 31403] Córrego Kavanca at fazenda Kavanca, upper rio Tocantins basin, 13°41'34"S, 46°57'45"W, Nova Roma, Goiás, Brazil. Holotype: UFRGS 13619. Paratypes: INPA 34990 (8); MCP 45865 (8); MZUSP 107827 (8); UFRGS 11224 (15), 11251 (23, 5 c&s); UNT 10052 (8). •Valid as Moenkhausia aurantia Bertaco, Jerep & Carvalho 2011 -- (Pastana & Dagosta 2014:395 [ref. 33384], Dagosta & Marinho 2016:[7] [ref. 34498], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], Deprá et al. 2018:94 [ref. 36283], Marinho & Benine 2024:223 [ref. 40817], Reia et al. 2024:13 [ref. 40849]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia aurantia Bertaco, Jerep & Carvalho 2011. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: rio Paraná drainage, upper rio Tocantins basin, Goiás State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

aurora, Moenkhausia Reia [L.], Silva [G. S. C.], Oliveira [C.] & Benine [R. C.] 2024:5, Figs. 1-3A [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 40849] Rio Culuene, upper rio Xingu basin, municipality of Primavera do Leste, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, 14°38'21.2"S, 53°55'35.3"W. Holotype: LBP 34895. Paratypes: ANSP, LBP, MNRJ, MZUEL, MZUSP. •Valid as Moenkhausia aurora Reia, Silva, Oliveira & Benine 2024. Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia aurora Reia, Silva, Oliveira & Benine 2024. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Culuene River drainage, upper Xingu basin, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

australe, Moenkhausia Eigenmann [C. H.] 1908:103 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Arroyos Trementina and Chagalalina, Argentina; Brazil [probably Río Aquidaban, Concepcion, Paraguay]. Lectotype: CAS 70818. Paralectotype: CAS 70819 (1). Lectotype selected by Reia et al. 2019:224 [ref. 37037]. •Synonym of Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae (Steindachner 1907) -- (Benine in Reis et al. 2003:150 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:16 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:27 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35267]). •Valid as Moenkhausia australe Eigenmann 1908 -- (Dagosta et al. 2015:424 [ref. 33998], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], Dickens 2019:165 [ref. 37135]). •Valid as Moenkhausia australis Eigenmann 1908 -- (Reia et al. 2019:218 [ref. 37037], Mirande et al. 2020:4 [ref. 37445], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Reis et al. 2020:459 [ref. 38364], Reia et al. 2021:11 [ref. 38582], Marinho & Benine 2024:223 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia australis Eigenmann 1908. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: La Plata basin in lower portion of upper Paraná basin (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil; Misiones, Argentina), Rio Paraguai and Rio Uruguai basins, and Amazon basin at upper Rio Madeira basin (Rio Guaporé and Rio Mamoré) (Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.

barbouri, Moenkhausia Eigenmann [C. H.] 1908:103 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Villa Bella, Amazonas, Brazil. Syntypes: MCZ 20708 (2). •Valid as Moenkhausia barbouri Eigenmann 1908 -- (Chang & Ortega 1995:3 [ref. 24302], Benine 2002:293 [ref. 26541], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:145-146 [ref. 27061], Géry & Zarske 2004:42 [ref. 28287], Carvalho et al. 2014:378 [ref. 33383], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Marinho & Benine 2024:223 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia barbouri Eigenmann 1908. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

bellasomniosa, Moenkhausia Soares [I. M.], Lima [F. C. T.], Bastos [D. A.] & Rapp Py-Daniel [L. H.] 2019:232, Figs. 1, 2, 4A [Copeia v. 107 (no. 2); ref. 36688] Small tributary of Rio Curicuriari (a tributary of the Rio Negro), São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas, Brazil, 0°14'39"S, 67°03'31"W. Holotype: INPA 49753. Paratypes: ANSP, FMNH, INPA, MZUSP, ZUEC. •Valid as Moenkhausia bellasomniosa Soares, Lima, Bastos & Rapp Py-Daniel 2019. Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia bellasomniosa Soares, Lima, Bastos & Rapp Py-Daniel 2019. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Upper Rio Negro basin, Amazonas State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

beninei, Moenkhausia Lima [F. C. T.] & Soares [I. M.] 2018:70, Figs. 1-2 [Zootaxa 4461 (no. 1); ref. 36077] Igarapé at km 20 of the road between São Gabriel da Cachoeira and Cucuí, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas, Brazil, 0°2'59"S, 66°57'48"W. Holotype: ZUEC 16838. Paratypes: ANSP, FMNH, INPA, MZUSP. Plus non-type material. •Valid as Moenkhausia beninei Lima & Soares 2018 -- (Soares et al. 2019:237 [ref. 36688]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia beninei Lima & Soares 2018. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Upper Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

bipunctialbicaudalis, Astyanax Godoy [M. P. de] 1977:666, Figs. 6-8 [Revista Brasileira de Biologia v. 37 (no. 3); ref. 24840] Cachoeira de Emas, Rio Mogi Guassu, Pirassununga, Estado de São Paulo, elevation about 500 meters. Holotype (unique): EEBP 718. •Synonym of Moenkhausia intermedia Eigenmann 1908 -- (Benine in Reis et al. 2003:147 [ref. 27061], Mirande & Koerber 2015:27 [ref. 35117], Marinho & Benine 2024:229 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Moenkhausia intermedia Eigenmann 1908. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Habitat: freshwater.

bonita, Moenkhausia Benine [R. C.], Castro [R. M. C.] & Sabino [J.] 2004:68, Figs. 1-2 [Copeia 2004 (no. 1); ref. 27502] Rio Baía Bonita, 21°09'S, 56°25'W, Parque Baía Bonita, "Aguáio Natural", upper Rio Miranda, Rio Paraguay basin, Mato Grosso do Sul, southwestern Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 79805. Paratypes: LIRP 4273 (5), 4274 (3), 4277 (2, c&s); MCP 30686 (3); MZUSP 79806 (4); ZUEC 5972 (3). •Valid as Moenkhausia bonita Benine, Castro & Sabino 2004 -- (Pastana & Dagosta 2014:395 [ref. 33384], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], Dickens 2019:165 [ref. 37135], Koerber et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36736], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Reis et al. 2020:459 [ref. 38364], Loureiro et al. 2023:68 [ref. 40506], Marinho & Benine 2024:223 [ref. 40817], Reia et al. 2024:13 [ref. 40849]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia bonita Benine, Castro & Sabino 2004. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay and upper Paraná River basins (Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina and Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

britskii, Moenkhausia Azevedo-Santos [V. M.] & Benine [R. C.] 2016:204, Figs. 1, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5 [Zoosystematics and Evolution v. 92 (no. 2); ref. 34837] Rio Içá, approximately 60 km above its mouth, Santo Antônio do Içá Municipality, Amazonas, Brazil, 3°0'7.68"S, 69°2'49.52"W. Holotype: MZUSP 120691. Paratypes: MZUSP. •Valid as Moenkhausia britskii Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016. Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia britskii Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Içá River, Amazon basin, Amazonas, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

browni, Moenkhausia Eigenmann [C. H.] 1909:13 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 1222] Atuataima Falls, Potaro River, Guyana. Holotype: FMNH 52732 [ex CM]. Paratypes: (119, CM and IU) BMNH 1911.10.31.239-140 (2)/.241-242 (2)/.243 (1); CAS 61560 [ex IU 11712] (5), 61629 [ex IU 11713] (3), 61792 [ex IU 11714] (10), 62040 [ex IU 11715] (1); FMNH 7488-90 (2, 1, 2), 52677-81 (3, 10, 1, 2, 1), 52684 (1), 53517 (5), 69585 (6), 71293 (18), 52733 (1); MCZ 30012 (2), 30014 (1); NMW 56188-89 (1, 1); CAS-SU 21830 (1), 21924-25 (2, 2); USNM 66238 (2); ZMA 110639 (1), 110649 (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:66 [ref. 12305] as CM 1004, Böhlke 1953:25 [ref. 12291], Nijssen et al. 1982:22 [ref. 19236], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:57 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:30 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Moenkhausia browni Eigenmann 1909 -- (Benine 2002:293 [ref. 26541], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:146 [ref. 27061], Géry & Zarske 2004:43 [ref. 28287], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:51 [ref. 35633], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[9] [ref. 35679], Marinho & Benine 2024:224 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia browni Eigenmann 1909. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Potaro River drainage, Guyana. Habitat: freshwater.

calliurus, Knodus Ahl [E.] 1931:208, Fig. 2 [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1931 (nos. 4-7); ref. 16254] Rio Capim basin, Pará, Brazil. Holotype (unique): ZMB 23684. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847], Zarske & Géry 1995:116 [ref. 22674]. •Synonym of Moenkhausia lepidura (Kner 1858) -- (Zarske & Géry 1995:119 [ref. 22674], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:148 [ref. 27061], Marinho & Benine 2024:230 [ref. 40817]). •Mention -- (Ferreira & Lima 2006:637 [ref. 28919], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180]). •Not a synonym of Moenkhausia lepidura (Kner 1858) -- (Marinho & Langeani 2016:347 [ref. 34416]). Current status: Uncertain as Moenkhausia lepidura (Kner 1858). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Habitat: freshwater.

cambacica, Moenkhausia Marinho [M. M. F.], Ohara [W. M.] & Dagosta [F. C. P.] 2021:4, Figs. 1-5 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 19 (no. 2); ref. 38394] Tributary of igarapé Ávila, near BR-364 road, upper rio Machado, rio Madeira basin, Municipality of Vilhena, Rondônia State, Brazil, 12°30'36.9"S, 60°28'20.29"W. Holotype: MZUSP 125792. Paratypes: MCP, MZUSP. •Valid as Moenkhausia cambacica Marinho, Ohara & Dagosta 2021. Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia cambacica Marinho, Ohara & Dagosta 2021. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Machado drainage, Rondônia State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

celibela, Moenkhausia Marinho [M. M. F.] & Langeani [F.] 2010:880, Figs. 1-2 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 77 (no. 4); ref. 30927] Igarapé tributary of the Rio Tapajós, at the bridge of the road between Pimental and Itaituba, 2 km from Pimental, Pará State, Brazil, 4°33'48"S, 56°15'40"W. Holotype: MZUSP 102984. Paratypes: DZSJRP, MNRJ, MZUSP, UFRGS. Plus non-type specimens. Type catalog: Andrade et al. 2017:441 [ref. 35588]. •Valid as Moenkhausia celibela Marinho & Langeani 2010 -- (Oliveira & Marinho 2016:573 [ref. 34342], Marinho & Langeani 2016:348 [ref. 34416], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], Soares et al. 2017:261 [ref. 35237]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia celibela Marinho & Langeani 2010. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

ceros, Moenkhausia Eigenmann [C. H.] 1908:104 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Lake Hyanuary, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MCZ 49161. •Valid as Moenkhausia ceros Eigenmann 1908 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Benine 2002:293 [ref. 26541], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:146 [ref. 27061], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:51 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Marinho & Benine 2024:224 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia ceros Eigenmann 1908. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco river basins (Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

chlorophthalma, Moenkhausia Sousa [L. M. de], Netto-Ferreira [A. L.] & Birindelli [J. L. O.] 2010:256, Figs. 1-3 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 8 (no. 2); ref. 30863] Altamira, rio Terez de Maio, tributary of rio Curuá, rio Iriri basin, rio Xingu drainage, 8°45'06"S, 55°02'05"W, Pará, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 99412. Paratypes: ANSP, AUM, INPA, MCP, MNRJ, MPEG, MZUSP. Spelled clorophthalma on page 262. •Valid as Moenkhausia chlorophthalma Sousa, Netto-Ferreira & Birindelli 2010 -- (Pastana & Dagosta 2014:395 [ref. 33384], Dagosta et al. 2015:424 [ref. 33998] as clorophthalma, Ohara & Marinho 2016:[6] 42 [ref. 34383] as clorophthalma, Soares et al. 2019:237 [ref. 36688], Marinho et al. 2021:12 [ref. 38394] as clorophthalma). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia chlorophthalma Sousa, Netto-Ferreira & Birindelli 2010. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Xingu River basin, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

chrysargyreus, Tetragonopterus Günther [A.] 1864:328 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Essequibo River, Guyana. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1864.1.21.69. •Valid as Moenkhausia chrysargyrea (Günther 1864) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Géry et al. 1991:57 [ref. 21021], Taphorn 1992:266 [ref. 23654], Planquette et al. 1996:294 [ref. 22818], Lucena & Lucena 1999:235 [ref. 24225], Benine 2002:293 [ref. 26541], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:146 [ref. 27061], Marinho & Langeani 2010:886 [ref. 30927], Bertaco et al. 2011:60 [ref. 31234], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745] as chysargyrea, Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Petrolli et al. 2016:168 [ref. 34395], Melo et al. 2016:133 [ref. 34701], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:51 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Marinho & Benine 2024:224 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia chrysargyrea (Günther 1864). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco river basins (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, Guyana and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

collettii, Tetragonopterus Steindachner [F.] 1882:179 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 19 (no. 19); ref. 20487] Hyavary, Brazil; Obidos, Amazon River, Brazil. Syntypes: (several) ?MCZ 20843 (42) Obidos, ?MCZ 90154 [ex MCZ 20840a] (3) Obidos; NMW 57379-82 (3, 3, 2, 5). Species later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1882:33, Pl. 7 (fig. 3) [ref. 14353]. Spelled colletii in original description, which was obviously a mistake; corrected to collettii by Steindachner 1882:33 [ref. 14353]. •Valid as Moenkhausia collettii (Steindachner 1882) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708] as colletti, Taphorn 1992:269 [ref. 23654], Planquette et al. 1996:295bis [ref. 22818], Lasso et al. 2001:96 [ref. 25928], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:146 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Marinho et al. 2015:576 [ref. 33708], Petrolli et al. 2016:168 [ref. 34395], Melo et al. 2016:133 [ref. 34701], Soares & Bührnheim 2016:399 [ref. 34972], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:51 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Marinho & Benine 2024:225 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia collettii (Steindachner 1882). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Amazon basin (Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

comma, Moenkhausia Eigenmann [C. H.] 1908:102 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Lago Cudajas, Amazonas, Brazil. Syntypes: MCZ 20972 (2). •Valid as Moenkhausia comma Eigenmann 1908 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:146 [ref. 27061], Bertaco & Lucinda 2006:66 [ref. 28492], Bertaco et al. 2011:607 [ref. 31234], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:51 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Marinho & Benine 2024:225 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia comma Eigenmann 1908. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Peru and Bolivia). Habitat: freshwater.

conspicua, Moenkhausia Soares [I. M.] & Bührnheim [C. M.] 2016:393, Figs. 1-3 [Zootaxa 4208 (no. 4); ref. 34972] Igarapé near Tabocal community, rio Curuá-Una, Mojuí dos Campos, Pará, Brazil, 2°37'35.9"S, 54°42'36.3"W. Holotype: INPA 38782. Paratypes: ANSP, INPA, MCP, MPEG, MZUSP, UFAM, UFOPA, ZUEC. Plus additional non-type specimens. •Valid as Moenkhausia conspicua Soares & Bührnheim 2016. Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia conspicua Soares & Bührnheim 2016. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Lower Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

copei, Tetragonopterus Steindachner [F.] 1882:179 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 19 (no. 19); ref. 20487] Santarém, Amazon River, Pará, Brazil. Syntypes: (several) ?MCZ 89960 (30) Obidos; NMW 57383 (5). Species later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1882:35, Pl. 6 (fig. 6) [ref. 14353]. •Valid as Moenkhausia copei (Steindachner 1882) -- (Taphorn 1992:269 [ref. 23654], Benine 2002:293 [ref. 26541], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:146 [ref. 27061], Petrolli et al. 2016:168 [ref. 34395], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], Soares & Bührnheim 2016:399 [ref. 34972], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:51 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:90 [ref. 35773], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:455 [ref. 40760], Marinho & Benine 2024:225 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia copei (Steindachner 1882). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins (Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

cosmops, Moenkhausia Lima [F. C. T.], Britski [H. A.] & Machado [F. A.] 2007:47, Figs. 1-2 [aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology v. 13 (no. 2); ref. 29395] Sapezal, córrego Vinte e Cinco de Maio, near its mouth at the rio Papagaio, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 93494. Paratypes: (31) ANSP 187100 (1); MP 41348 (1); MNRJ 30777 (1); MZUSP 78722 (2), 91122 (3), 93495 (17 + 3 c&s), 93496 (3). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Moenkhausia cosmops Lima, Britski & Machado 2007 -- (Marinho & Langeani 2010:887 [ref. 30927], Pastana & Dagosta 2014:395 [ref. 33384], Dagosta et al. 2015:424 [ref. 33998], Ohara & Lima 2015:167 [ref. 34046], Ohara & Marinho 2016:[6] 42 [ref. 34383], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], Reia et al. 2021:11 [ref. 38582]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia cosmops Lima, Britski & Machado 2007. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Juruena River basin, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

costae, Tetragonopterus Steindachner [F.] 1907:84 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 44 (no. 6) (for 28 Feb. 1907); ref. 20499] Rio São Francisco, Joazeiro, Rio Grande; Cidade da Barra, Santa Rita do Rio Prato, Brazil. Syntypes: (several) MNHN 1907-0178 [ex NMW] (4); MZUT 1682 (3); NMW 57391-98 (8?), 57401-06 (6?), 57408-09 (2?) 57411 (1); ZSM 7586-87 [ex NMW 57393] (2). Type catalog: Tortonese 1940:138 [ref. 21559], Bertin 1948:17 [ref. 19577], Neumann 2011:247 [ref. 31652]. •Valid as Moenkhausia costae (Steindachner 1907) -- (Benine 2002:293 [ref. 26541], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:146 [ref. 27061], Géry & Zarske 2004:42 [ref. 28287], Petrolli & Benine 2015:417 [ref. 33887], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], Silva et al. 2020:6 [ref. 37809], Quintela et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40727], Marinho & Benine 2024:225 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia costae (Steindachner 1907). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: São Francisco and Itapicuru River basins (Brazil); introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater.

cotinho, Moenkhausia Eigenmann [C. H.] 1908:104 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Probably surroundings of Manaus, Pará, Brazil. Lectotype: MCZ 21070. Paralectotypes: MCZ 174214 (2) [ex MCZ 21070]. Lectotype selected by Mathubara & Toledo-Piza 2020:12 [ref. 37778]. •Valid as Moenkhausia cotinho Eigenmann 1908 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Taphorn 1992:221 [ref. 23654], Lima & Toledo-Piza 2001:1062 [ref. 25823], Benine 2002:292 [ref. 26541], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:146 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2006:11 [ref. 29010], Benine et al. 2007:262 [ref. 29279], Benine et al. 2009:161 [ref. 30250], Sousa et al. 2010:262 [ref. 30863], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Pastana & Dagosta 2014:395 [ref. 33384], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Dagosta et al. 2015:424 [ref. 33998], Ohara & Marinho 2016:[6] 42 [ref. 34383] as cf. cotinho, Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:51 [ref. 35633], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[10] [ref. 35679], Soares et al. 2019:237 [ref. 36688], Careaga et al. 2020:75 [ref. 37774], Mathubara & Toledo-Piza 2020:1 [ref. 37766], Mathubara & Toledo-Piza 2020:3 [ref. 37778], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Koerber et al. 2022:34 [ref. 39235], Marinho & Benine 2024:226 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia cotinho Eigenmann 1908. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins and rivers in Guyana (regions: upper Xingu, Iriri, Lower Xingu, Teles Pires, Juruena, Tapajós, Jamanxim, Guaporé, middle-lower Madeira, Madeira Shield tributaries, Purus, Negro, Branco, Urubu-Uatumã, Trombetas, Jari, Amazonas main channel, Essequibo, Lower Orinoco, Upper Orinoco) (Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela and Guyana). Habitat: freshwater.

crisnejas, Moenkhausia Pearson [N. E.] in Eigenmann & Myers 1929:524 [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 43 (pt 5); ref. 1263] Paipay, Río Crisnejas, Amazon System, Peru. Syntypes: CAS 60477 [ex IU 17641] (24). Probably in another genus (Marinho 2024:226 [ref. 40817]). •Valid as Moenkhausia crisnejas Pearson 1929 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:146 [ref. 27061], Marinho & Benine 2024:226 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia crisnejas Pearson 1929. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Crisnejas River drainage, western Amazon basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

dasalmas, Moenkhausia Bertaco [V. A.], Jerep [F. C.] & Carvalho [F. R.] 2011:58, Figs. 1-5 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 31234] Tributary of the rio das Almas, rio Paranã drainage, about 8 kilometers north of Cavalcante on road GO 241, between Cavalcante and Minaçu, 13°43'13"S, 47°27'20"W, Goiás, Brazil. Holotype: UFRGS [= DZUFRGS] 11221. Paratypes: MZUSP 106076 (8); UFRGS [= DZUFRGS] 11194 (24, 3 c&s), 11589 (4). The name dasalmas is a noun in apposition. •Valid as Moenkhausia dasalmas Bertaco, Jerep & Carvalho 2011 -- (Bertaco et al. 2011:37 [ref. 31403], Marinho et al. 2016:248 [ref. 34376], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], Marinho & Benine 2024:226 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia dasalmas Bertaco, Jerep & Carvalho 2011. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: rio das Almas drainage, upper rio Tocantins basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

diamantina, Moenkhausia Benine [R. C.], Castro [R. M. C.] & Santos [A. C. A.] 2007:260, Figs. 1-2 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 5 (no. 3); ref. 29279] Foz do rio Toalhas, rio Paraguaçu basin, Munic. de Lençóis, Bahia, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 30168. Paratypes: AMNH 239393 (5); LIRP 768 (14, 2 c&s); MNRJ 21995 (17, 2 c&s); MZUSP 49233 (4). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Moenkhausia diamantina Benine, Castro & Santos 2007 -- (Sousa et al. 2010:262 [ref. 30863], Marinho & Langeani 2010:887 [ref. 30927], Marinho et al. 2016:248 [ref. 34376], Silva et al. 2020:6 [ref. 37809]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia diamantina Benine, Castro & Santos 2007. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: upper and middle Paraguaçu River (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

dichrourus, Tetragonopterus Kner [R.] 1858:80 [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 30 (no. 13); ref. 13404] Brazil. Syntypes: NMW 56219 (4), 57593 (2). •Valid as Moenkhausia dichroura (Kner 1858) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Taphorn 1992:272 [ref. 23654], Fernández & Butí 1996:253 [ref. 22775], Britski et al. 1999:34 [ref. 24147], see Gómez & Chebez 1996:50 [ref. 23791], Lasso et al. 2001:96 [ref. 25928], Britski & de Silimon 2001:119 [ref. 27195], Benine 2002:293 [ref. 26541], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:146 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:28 [ref. 27366], Benine et al. 2004:72 [ref. 27502], Menni 2004:78 [ref. 28131], Mirande 2010:507 [ref. 31006], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Litz & Koerber 2014:16 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Petrolli & Benine 2015:417 [ref. 33887], Mirande & Koerber 2015:27 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:414 [ref. 34561], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], Melo et al. 2016:375 [ref. 35317], Nión et al. 2016:30 [ref. 35565] with author without parentheses, Koerber et al. 2017:41 [ref. 35267], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:51 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:89 [ref. 35773], Reis et al. 2020:459 [ref. 38364], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Koerber et al. 2022:34 [ref. 39235], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:455 [ref. 40760], Koerber et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40665], Marinho & Benine 2024:226 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia dichroura (Kner 1858). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Amazon, Paraguay and Orinoco River basins (Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Uruguay, Paraguay, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

diktyota, Moenkhausia Lima [F. C. T.] & Toledo-Piza [M.] 2001:1058, Figs 1-2 [Copeia 2001 (no. 4); ref. 25823] Rio Negro, igarapé at São João, near Santa Isabel do Rio Negro, 0°24'S, 65°02'W, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 62614. Paratypes: INPA 16200 (1); MZUSP 62615 (9, 1 c&s), 64107 (2); USNM 363175 (1). •Valid as Moenkhausia diktyota Lima & Toledo-Piza 2001 -- (Benine in Reis et al. 2003:147 [ref. 27061], Benine et al. 2007:262 [ref. 29279], Benine et al. 2009:161 [ref. 30250] as dyktiota, Marinho & Langeani 2010:887 [ref. 30927], Dagosta et al. 2015:424 [ref. 33998], Ohara & Marinho 2016:[6] 42 [ref. 34383], Bogotá-Gregory et al. 2020:1399 [ref. 37878], Reia et al. 2021:11 [ref. 38582]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia diktyota Lima & Toledo-Piza 2001. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Rio Negro drainage, Rio Orinoco basin (Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

dnophos, Astyanax Lima [F. C. T.] & Zuanon [J.] 2004:118, Figs. 1-3 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 27933] Rio Xingu, Costa Júnior, 3°29'37"S, 52°20'10"W, Altamira, Pará, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 22072. Paratypes: CAS 219762 (1); INPA 20505 (1), 20506 (4), 20507 (1), 20510 (2), 20512 (9), 20513 (3), 20516 (2), 20517 (3, 1 c&s); MZUSP 82460 (3, 1 c&s), 84416 (1), 84417 (1); UMMZ 243665 (1); ZUEC 4482 (3). •Valid as Astyanax dnophos Lima & Zuanon 2004 -- (Marinho et al. 2014:263 [ref. 33372]). •Synonym of Moenkhausia heikoi Géry & Zarske 2004 -- (Lima et al. 2006:31 [ref. 32268], Marinho & Benine 2024:228 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Moenkhausia heikoi Géry & Zarske 2004. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Habitat: freshwater.

doceanus, Tetragonopterus Steindachner [F.] 1877:572 [14] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 74 (1. Abth.); ref. 4224] Rio Doce, Brazil. Syntypes: (several) MNHN 1913-0135 and 0136 (2); NMW 57389 (2), 57591 (2). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:17 [ref. 19577]. On p. 14 of separate. •Valid as Moenkhausia doceana (Steindachner 1877) -- (Zarske & Géry 2001:9 [ref. 25156], Zarske & Géry 2002:19 [ref. 26554] dated 1875, Benine 2002:293 [ref. 26541], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:147 [ref. 27061], Bertaco & Lucinda 2006:66 [ref. 28492], Bertaco et al. 2011:60 [ref. 31234], Carvalho et al. 2014:377 [ref. 33383], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[10] [ref. 35679]). •Synonym of Moenkhausia vittata (Castelnau 1855) -- (Silva & Malabarba 2016:270 [ref. 34515], Marinho & Benine 2024:236 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Moenkhausia vittata (Castelnau 1855). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Habitat: freshwater.

dorsinuda, Moenkhausia Zarske [A.] & Géry [J.] 2002:13, Figs. 1-3 [Zoologische Abhandlungen; Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden No. 52; ref. 26554] Río Ipurupuru, not far from the crossing of the river and the road to San Ramón, about 73 kilometers north of Trinidad, 14°12'53.8"S, 64°56'26.8'W, Departamento Beni, Bolivia. Holotype: MTD F 24833. Paratypes: MTD F 24834-35 (1, 1); CIRA-UTB 969 (1); Géry Private coll. 1041:1-2 (2). Type catalog: Zarske 2003:18 [ref. 27474]. •Valid as Moenkhausia dorsinuda Zarske & Géry 2002 -- (Benine in Reis et al. 2003:147 [ref. 27061], Carvalho et al. 2014:378 [ref. 33383], Sarmiento et al. 2014:49, 185 [ref. 35004], Marinho & Benine 2024:226 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia dorsinuda Zarske & Géry 2002. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: western Amazon River basin, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

eigenmanni, Moenkhausia Géry [J.] 1964:30, Fig. 5 [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 12 (no. 5, Jan.); ref. 1582] Río Manacacias into upper Río Meta, at Restrepo, Colombia. Holotype: USNM 198640. Paratypes: (7) ANSP 112249 (1), 139712 (1); Géry's coll. M.358 (orig. 7); MNHN 1980-1445 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:45 [ref. 13621], Vari & Howe 1991:30 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Moenkhausia eigenmanni Géry 1964 -- (Benine in Reis et al. 2003:147 [ref. 27061], Bertaco et al. 2011:60 [ref. 31234], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:51 [ref. 35633], Marinho & Benine 2024:227 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia eigenmanni Géry 1964. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: upper Meta River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

eurystaenia, Moenkhausia Marinho [M. M. F.] 2010:656, Figs. 1-2 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 8 (no. 3); ref. 30977] Rio Von den Steinen, on the road to Agua Limpa, 13°14'19"S, 54°53'01"W, rio Ronura drainge, rio Xingu basin, Nova Ubiratã, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 106058. Paratypes: CPUFMT 610 (3); DZAJRP 12547 (3), INPA 34095 (3), MCP 4557 (3), MPEG 18924 (3), MZUSP 91404 (109, 3 c&s); USNM 398648 (3).l Type catalog: Andrade et al. 2017:442 [ref. 35588]. •Valid as Moenkhausia eurystaenia Marinho 2010 -- (Marinho et al. 2014:263 [ref. 33372], Marinho et al. 2016:248 [ref. 34376]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia eurystaenia Marinho 2010. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Rio Xingu basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

flava, Moenkhausia Britzke [R.], Troy [W. P.], Oliveira [C.] & Benine [R. C.] 2018:3, Figs. 1-2, 4, 6 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 16 (no. 2) (e170086); ref. 36024] Tributary of rio Sepotuba, rio Paraguay basin, Córrego São Jorge, Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, 14°27'24.9"S, 57°34'32.7"W. Holotype: MZUSP 123719. Paratypes: LBP, MZUEL, MZUSP. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Moenkhausia flava Britzke, Troy, Oliveira & Benine 2018. Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia flava Britzke, Troy, Oliveira & Benine 2018. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Upper rio Sepotuba drainage, rio Paraguay basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

forestii, Moenkhausia Benine [R. C.], Mariguela [T. C.] & Oliveira [C.] 2009:162, Figs. 1-2 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 7 (no. 2); ref. 30250] Cáceres, rio Sepotuba, rio Paraguay basin, 15°46'07"S, 57°38'54"W, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 97827. Paratypes: LBP 3793 (10); MZUSP 19111 (10), 90270 (16, 2 c&s). Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Moenkhausia forestii Benine, Mariguela & Oliveira 2009 -- (Dagosta et al. 2015:424 [ref. 33998], Mirande et al. 2020:4 [ref. 37445], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Reis et al. 2020:459 [ref. 38364], Reia et al. 2021:11 [ref. 38582], Marinho & Benine 2024:227 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia forestii Benine, Mariguela & Oliveira 2009. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin (Brazil and northern Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

goya, Moenkhausia Deprá [G. C.], Azevedo-Santos [V. M.], Vitorino Júnior [O. B.], Dagosta [F. C. P.], Marinho [M. M. F.] & Benine [R. C.] 2018:88, Figs. 1-4 [Zootaxa 4514 (no. 1); ref. 36283] Ribeirão Dois Irmãos, tributary of rio das Almas, rio Maranhão basin, Pirenópolis, Goiás, Brazil, 15°42'50"S, 49°2'39"W, elevation 713 meters. Holotype: MCP 51734. Paratypes: LBP, MCNIP, MCP, MNRJ, MZUSP, NUP, ZUEC. Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Moenkhausia goya Deprá, Azevedo-Santos, Vitorino Júnior, Dagosta, Marinho & Benine 2018. Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia goya Deprá, Azevedo-Santos, Vitorino Júnior, Dagosta, Marinho & Benine 2018. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: upper Tocantins River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

gracilimus, Moenkhausia lepidurus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1908:104 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Villa Bella; Serpa, Amazon River, Brazil. Syntypes: (21) MCZ 20983 (now 13), USNM 120279 [ex MCZ 20983] (4) Serpa. Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:30 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Moenkhausia gracilima Eigenmann 1908 -- (Géry 1992:71 [ref. 20972], Benine 2002:293 [ref. 26541], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:147 [ref. 27061], Marinho & Langeani 2010:60 [ref. 30941], Marinho & Langeani 2010:887 [ref. 30927], Oliveira & Marinho 2016:573 [ref. 34342], Marinho & Langeani 2016:348 [ref. 34416], Melo et al. 2016:133 [ref. 34701], Soares et al. 2017:261 [ref. 35237], Bogotá-Gregory et al. 2020:1399 [ref. 37878], Reis et al. 2020:459 [ref. 38364] as cf. gracilima, Marinho & Benine 2024:227 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia gracilima Eigenmann 1908. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin, Madeira, Tapajós, and Trombetas basins (Brazil and Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

grandisquamis, Tetragonopterus Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.] 1845:27, Pl. 8 (fig. 2) [Horae Ichthyologicae Nos 1 & 2; ref. 3071] Suriname. Syntypes: ?ZMB 3593 (1). •Valid as Moenkhausia grandisquamis (Müller & Troschel 1845) -- (Géry et al. 1991:56 [ref. 21021], Planquette et al. 1996:298 [ref. 22818], Lucena & Lucena 1999:235 [ref. 24225], Benine 2002:292 [ref. 26541], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:147 [ref. 27061], Géry & Zarske 2004:43 [ref. 28287], Benine et al. 2007:262 [ref. 29279], Marinho & Langeani 2010:886 [ref. 30927], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Petrolli et al. 2016:168 [ref. 34395], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837] as aff. grandisquamis and grandisquamis, Soares et al. 2017:261 [ref. 35237], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:51 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia grandisquamis (Müller & Troschel 1845). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco river basins (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

guaruba, Moenkhausia Lima [A. de], Vita [G.], Dutra [G. M.], Ohara [W. M.] & Pastana [M. N. L.] 2023:587, Figs. 1, 3, 4 [Zootaxa 5330 (no. 4); ref. 40391] Upper rio Braço Norte, tributary of rio Peixoto de Azevedo, rio Tapajós basin, Novo Progresso, Pará, Brazil, 9°21'47.72"S, 54°54'14.44"W. Holotype: MZUSP 128235. Paratypes: INPA, MZUSP. •Valid as Moenkhausia guaruba Lima, Vita, Dutra, Ohara & Pastana 2023. Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia guaruba Lima, Vita, Dutra, Ohara & Pastana 2023. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Teles Pires River drainage, Tapajós River basin, Pará State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

haerteli, Opisthanodus Ahl [E.] in Schreitmüller 1935:97, Abb. 1 [Wochenschrift für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde v. 32 (no. 7); ref. 21413] Amazon River at Pará, Brazil [aquarium import]. Lectotype: ZMB 20793. Paralectotype: ZMB 32428 (1). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847], Zarske & Géry 1995:116, Fig. 11 [ref. 22674]. Described later by Ahl 1935:47 [ref. 79]. Also appeared as new in Ahl in Anonymous 1936:91 [ref. 35697]. Lectotype selected by Zarske & Géry 1995:116 [ref. 22674]. •Synonym of Moenkhausia pittieri Eigenmann 1920 -- (Zarske & Géry 1995:119 [ref. 22674], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:149 [ref. 27061], Marinho & Benine 2024:234 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Moenkhausia pittieri Eigenmann 1920. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Habitat: freshwater.

hasemani, Moenkhausia lepidura Eigenmann [C. H.] 1917:102, Pls. 15 (fig. 3), 101 (fig. 5) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 43 (pt 1); ref. 1236] Santarém, Amazon River, Pará, Brazil. Holotype (unique): FNNH 55055 [ex CM 3746]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:66 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:57 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Moenkhausia hasemani Eigenmann 1917 -- (Géry 1992:73 [ref. 20972], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:147 [ref. 27061], Marinho & Langeani 2010:61 [ref. 30941], Marinho & Langeani 2010:887 [ref. 30927], Oliveira & Marinho 2016:573 [ref. 34342], Marinho & Langeani 2016:348 [ref. 34416], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Marinho & Benine 2024:228 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia hasemani Eigenmann 1917. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Amazon basin and drainages of the Guiana Shield (Brazil, Guyana and Suriname). Habitat: freshwater.

heikoi, Moenkhausia Géry [J.] & Zarske [A.] 2004:30, Figs. 1-7 [aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 28287] Rio Iriri, a left-hand tributary of the Rio Xingu well above Altamira, at edge of island between Rio Novo and Igarapé Grota, about 10 kilometers below mouth of River Novo, Para, Brazil, about 4°25'S, 53°40'W. Holotype: MZUSP 83536. Paratypes: MHNG 2644.30 (1), MTD F 27909 (1). Plus one non-type specimen. •Valid as Moenkhausia heikoi Géry & Zarske 2004 -- (Lima et al. 2006:32 [ref. 32268], Pastana & Dagosta 2014:395 [ref. 33384], Marinho et al. 2016:248 [ref. 34376], Lima & Flausino 2016:94 [ref. 34408], Soares et al. 2017:261 [ref. 35237], Marinho & Benine 2024:228 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia heikoi Géry & Zarske 2004. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Xingu River basin, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

hemigrammoides, Moenkhausia Géry [J.] 1965:109, Fig. 6 [Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde v. 35; ref. 7962] Matoekasie creek, on the road Albina-Moengo, Cottica River basin, Suriname. Holotype: ZMA 104227. Paratypes: (19) MNHN 1980-1446 (1); ZMA 104228-29 (4, 6). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:22 [ref. 19236]. Dated 1966 in Géry & Zarske 2004:42 [ref. 28287]. •Valid, placement uncertain -- (Weitzman & Palmer 1997:239 [ref. 22743]). •Valid as Moenkhausia hemigrammoides Géry 1965 -- (Planquette et al. 1996:302 [ref. 22818], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:147 [ref. 27061], Géry & Zarske 2004:42 [ref. 28287], Pastana & Dagosta 2014:390 [ref. 33384], Dagosta & Marinho 2016:[7] [ref. 34498], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], Carvalho et al. 2017:12 [ref. 35509], Méndez-López & Urbano-Bonilla 2019:868 [ref. 37004]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia hemigrammoides Géry 1965. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: French Guiana, Suriname, Colombia and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

hildae, Gymnotichthys Fernández-Yépez [A.] 1950:10, Pl. 2 (fig. 1) [Novedades Cientificas, Contribuciones Ocasionales del Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Serie Zoológica No. 2; ref. 1323] Río Autana, Hoya del Río Sipapo, Estado Amazonas, Venezuela. Holotype (unique): MHNLS 963 [ex AFY 48164]. Type catalog: Lasso et al. 1997:41 [ref. 23639]. •Valid as Gymnotichthys hildae Fernández-Yépez 1950 -- (Géry 1992:78 [ref. 20972], Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:128 [ref. 27061], Reis et al. 2016:13 [ref. 34496]). •Synonym of Moenkhausia lepidura (Kner 1858) -- (Marinho & Langeani 2016:340 [ref. 34416], Marinho & Benine 2024:230 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Moenkhausia lepidura (Kner 1858). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Habitat: freshwater.

hysterosticta, Moenkhausia Lucinda [P. H. F.], Malabarba [L. R.] & Benine [R. C.] 2007:62, Figs. 1-3 [Zootaxa No. 1525; ref. 29183] Rio Tocantins, Ipueiras, about 11°19'S, 48°28'W, Tocantins, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 32559. Paratypes: MCP 32560 (2), 32561 (19, 4 c&s); UNT 3887 (15), 4474 (7), 4475 (2), 4476 (12). Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Moenkhausia hysterosticta Lucinda, Malabarba & Benine 2007 -- (Marinho & Langeani 2010:60 [ref. 30941], Marinho & Langeani 2010:887 [ref. 30927], Bertaco et al. 2011:62 [ref. 31234], Bertaco et al. 2011:37 [ref. 31403], Oliveira & Marinho 2016:573 [ref. 34342], Marinho & Langeani 2016:348 [ref. 34416], Soares et al. 2017:261 [ref. 35237], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:51 [ref. 35633], Marinho & Benine 2024:228 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia hysterosticta Lucinda, Malabarba & Benine 2007. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco and Amazon River basins, Brazil, Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

icae, Moenkhausia lepidurus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1908:103 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Rio Iça, Amazonas, Brazil. Syntypes: (many) MCZ 20810 (1, missing), 20812 (30). Original as içae. •Synonym of Moenkhausia lepidura (Kner 1858), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Géry 1992:69 [ref. 20972]). •Valid as Moenkhausia icae Eigenmann 1908 -- (Benine in Reis et al. 2003:147 [ref. 27061], Marinho & Langeani 2010:66 [ref. 30941], Marinho & Langeani 2010:887 [ref. 30927], Oliveira & Marinho 2016:573 [ref. 34342], Marinho & Langeani 2016:348 [ref. 34416], Marinho & Benine 2024:228 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia icae Eigenmann 1908. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Solimões, Iça and Japurá River drainages, Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

inrai, Moenkhausia Géry [J.] 1992:74, Figs. 7-11 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 19 (no. 3); ref. 20972] "Crique Roche au-dessus du Saut Grand Canori, Approuague", French Guiana. Holotype: MNHN 1992-0943. Paratypes: (35) MNHN 1992-0944 (11, now 9), MTD F 27514 [ex Géry coll.] (1), ZMA 120798 (8); plus non-type material. Type catalog: Zarske 2003:18 [ref. 27474]. •Valid as Moenkhausia inrai Géry 1992 -- (Planquette et al. 1996:304 [ref. 22818], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:147 [ref. 27061], Géry & Zarske 2004:42 [ref. 28287], Marinho & Langeani 2010:60 [ref. 30941], Marinho & Langeani 2010:887 [ref. 30927], Oliveira & Marinho 2016:573 [ref. 34342], Marinho & Langeani 2016:348 [ref. 34416], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Marinho & Benine 2024:228 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia inrai Géry 1992. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: French Guiana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

intermedius, Moenkhausia dichrourus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1908:103 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Tabatinga, Amazonas, Brazil. Syntypes: MCZ 20762 (2). See Planquette et al. 1996:306 [ref. 22818]. •Valid as Moenkhausia intermedia Eigenmann 1908 -- (Fernández & Butí 1996:253 [ref. 22775], Miquelarena et al. 1997:67 [ref. 23469], Gómez & Chebez 1996:50 [ref. 23791], Britski et al. 1999:34 [ref. 24147], Britski & de Silimon 2001:119 [ref. 27195], Benine 2002:293 [ref. 26541], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:147-148 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:28 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:107 [ref. 28130], Benine et al. 2004:72 [ref. 27502], Menni 2004:78 [ref. 28131], Mirande 2010:507 [ref. 31006] as cf. intermedia, Sarmiento et al. 2014:49, 185 [ref. 35004], Petrolli & Benine 2015:417 [ref. 33887], Mirande & Koerber 2015:27 [ref. 35117], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:51 [ref. 35633], Careaga et al. 2020:75 [ref. 37774], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Reis et al. 2020:459 [ref. 38364] as aff. intermedia, Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Koerber et al. 2022:34 [ref. 39235], Vieira et al. 2023:17 [ref. 40759] as cf. intermedia, Marinho & Benine 2024:229 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia intermedia Eigenmann 1908. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

iris, Moenkhausia Marinho [M. M. F.] & Dagosta [F. C. P.] 2023:2, Figs. 1-3 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 103 (no. 5); ref. 40358] Affluent of rio Galera, upstream Uirapuru waterfall, rio Guaporé drainage, rio Madeira basin, municipality of Nova Lacerda, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, 14°24'50"S, 59°27'21"W. Holotype: MZUSP 125194. Paratypes: INPA, MCP, MUBIO, MZUSP, UFPB. •Valid as Moenkhausia iris Marinho & Dagosta 2023. Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia iris Marinho & Dagosta 2023. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Rio Galera drainage, upper Madeira River basin, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

ischyognatha, Moenkhausia Petrolli [M. G.] & Benine [R. C.] 2015:404, Figs. 2-3, 9c [Zootaxa 3986 (no. 4); ref. 33887] Mato Grosso, Gaúcha do Norte, Rio Curisevo, afluente rio Xingu, Porto Vitório, next ribeirão Kevuaieli, Brazil, 13°02'05"S, 53°25'19"W. Holotype: MZUSP 117140. Paratypes: LBP, MZUSP. •Valid as Moenkhausia ischyognatha Petrolli & Benine 2015 -- (Marinho & Benine 2024:229 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia ischyognatha Petrolli & Benine 2015. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Rio Curisevo drainage, Xingu River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

jamesi, Moenkhausia Eigenmann [C. H.] 1908:102 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Iça; Obidos; Lago do Maximo; Tajapuru, Amazon River, Brazil. Syntypes: MCZ 20734 (1), 20742 (1), 20816 (2), 20827 (1) •Valid as Moenkhausia jamesi Eigenmann 1908 -- (Zarske & Géry 2002:19 [ref. 26554], Benine 2002:293 [ref. 26541], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:148 [ref. 27061], Bertaco & Lucinda 2006:66 [ref. 28492], Bertaco et al. 2011:60 [ref. 31234], Carvalho et al. 2014:378 [ref. 33383], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Petrolli & Benine 2015:411 [ref. 33887], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:51 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Marinho & Benine 2024:229 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia jamesi Eigenmann 1908. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Bolivia). Habitat: freshwater.

justae, Moenkhausia Eigenmann [C. H.] 1908:102 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] [Rio Parahyba do Norte at Joao Pessoa, Parahíba, Brazil]. Probably Manaus, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MCZ 21014. •Valid as Moenkhausia justae Eigenmann 1908 -- (Zarske & Géry 2002:19 [ref. 26554], Benine 2002:293 [ref. 26541], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:148 [ref. 27061], Bertaco & Lucinda 2006:66 [ref. 28492], Bertaco et al. 2011:60 [ref. 31234], Carvalho et al. 2014:378 [ref. 33383], Petrolli & Benine 2015:413 [ref. 33887], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:51 [ref. 35633], Marinho & Benine 2024:229 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia justae Eigenmann 1908. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins: Brazil and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

latissimus, Moenkhausia Eigenmann [C. H.] 1908:101 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Tabatinga, Amazonas, Brazil. Syntypes: (many) MCZ 20767 (9), 20769 (now 9); USNM 120277 [ex MCZ 20769] (3). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:30 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Moenkhausia latissima Eigenmann 1908 -- (Benine in Reis et al. 2003:148 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Carvalho et al. 2014:378 [ref. 33383], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:51 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Marinho & Benine 2024:230 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia latissima Eigenmann 1908. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Brazil, Ecuador, Peru and Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

latus, Moenkhausia lepidurus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1908:103 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Northern part of Rio Tapajós, Pará, Brazil. Syntypes: (many) CAS 42760 [ex IU 15259 & MCZ 20860] (5, missing), MCZ 20860 (19), USNM 120278 [ex MCZ 20860] (4). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:30 [ref. 19022]. See Planquette et al. 1996:308 [ref. 22818]. •Valid as Moenkhausia lata Eigenmann 1908 -- (Géry 1992:72 [ref. 20972], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:148 [ref. 27061], Géry & Zarske 2004:42 [ref. 28287], Marinho & Langeani 2010:60 [ref. 30941], Marinho & Langeani 2010:887 [ref. 30927], Petrolli & Benine 2015:417 [ref. 33887], Oliveira & Marinho 2016:573 [ref. 34342], Marinho & Langeani 2016:348 [ref. 34416], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], Soares et al. 2017:261 [ref. 35237], Bogotá-Gregory et al. 2020:1400 [ref. 37878], Marinho & Benine 2024:229 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia lata Eigenmann 1908. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: western Amazon, Tapajós, Madeira and Oyapock River basins (Brazil, Colombia and French Guiana). Habitat: freshwater.

lepidurus, Tetragonopterus Kner [R.] 1858:80 [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 30 (no. 13); ref. 13404] Rio Guaporé, Rio Madeira, Rio Amazonas basin, Brazil. Lectotype: NMW 57566. Appeared in more detail in Kner 1859:176, Pl. 8 [ref. 2631]. Lectotype selected by Marinho & Langeani 2016:344 [ref. 34416]. •Valid as Moenkhausia lepidura (Kner 1858) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Géry 1992 [ref. 20972], Taphorn 1992:275 [ref. 23654], Lucena & Lucena 1999:235 [ref. 24225], Benine 2002:293 [ref. 26541], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:148 [ref. 27061], Marinho & Langeani 2010:878 [ref. 30927], Marinho & Langeani 2010:61 [ref. 30941], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Ramos et al. 2014:4 [ref. 35321], Oliveira & Marinho 2016:573 [ref. 34342], Marinho & Langeani 2016:340 [ref. 34416], Melo et al. 2016:133 [ref. 34701], Soares et al. 2017:262 [ref. 35237], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:51 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:89 [ref. 35773], Silvano et al. 2020:79 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Koerber et al. 2022:34 [ref. 39235], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:455 [ref. 40760], Marinho & Benine 2024:230 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia lepidura (Kner 1858). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco Lowlands (Bolivia, Ecuador, Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

leucopomis, Moenkhausia chrysargyrea Fowler [H. W.] 1914:244, Fig. 7 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 66; ref. 1390] Rupununi River, Guyana, 2°-3°N, 50°20'W. Holotype: ANSP 39330. Paratype: ANSP 39331 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:49 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Moenkhausia chrysargyrea (Günther 1864) -- (Benine in Reis et al. 2003:146 [ref. 27061], Marinho & Benine 2024:225 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Moenkhausia chrysargyrea (Günther 1864). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Habitat: freshwater.

levidorsa, Moenkhausia Benine [R. C.] 2002:290, Fig. 1, 3a, 4a [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 13 (no. 4); ref. 26541] Núcleo Aripuanã, Igarapé do Aeroporto, Furo Bahia, above cachoeira de Dardanelos, about 10°10'S, 59°25'W, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 16774. Paratypes: INPA 13259 (20, 2 c&s). •Valid as Moenkhausia levidorsa Benine 2002 -- (Benine in Reis et al. 2003:148 [ref. 27061], Benine et al. 2007:262 [ref. 29279], Marinho & Langeani 2010:887 [ref. 30927], Carvalho et al. 2014:378 [ref. 33383], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia levidorsa Benine 2002. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Middle Tapajõs River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

lineomaculata, Moenkhausia Dagosta [F. C. P.], Marinho [M. M. F.] & Benine [R. C.] 2015:418, Figs. 1-3 [Zootaxa 4032 (no. 4); ref. 33998] Campos de Júlio, rio Juruena at Fazenda Tiroleza, upper rio Tapajós basin, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, 14°16’37"S, 59°5’22"W. Holotype: MZUSP 117108. Paratypes: MZUSP. •Valid as Moenkhausia lineomaculata Dagosta, Marinho & Benine 2015 -- (Soares et al. 2019:237 [ref. 36688], Reia et al. 2021:11 [ref. 38582]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia lineomaculata Dagosta, Marinho & Benine 2015. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Upper Tapajós River basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

lopesi, Moenkhausia Britski [H. A.] & de Silimon [K. Z. de Sz.] 2001:113, Fig. 2 [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências da PUCRS, Série Zoologia v. 14 (no. 2); ref. 27195] Ribeirão Sozinho na rovia BR 163, entre Rondonópolis e Coxim (ca. 17°30"S, 55°10'W), munic. de Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 64480. Paratypes: ANSP 177924 (10), MCP 26672 (10), MNRJ 21045 (10), MZUSP 64481 (410). The original spelling was lopesi. Apparently apeared in the Zoological Record, printed version for 2006 as M. vanzoi. •Valid as Moenkhausia lopesi Britski & de Silimon 2001 -- (Benine in Reis et al. 2003:148 [ref. 27061] as lopezi, Bertaco et al. 2011:36 [ref. 31403], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], Marinho & Benine 2024:230 [ref. 40817], Reia et al. 2024:13 [ref. 40849]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia lopesi Britski & de Silimon 2001. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraguay River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

loweae, Moenkhausia Géry [J.] 1992:73, Fig. 6 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 19 (no. 3); ref. 20972] Rio das Mortes at Xavantina, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 44560. Paratypes: BMNH 1992.9.8.2-4 (4); J. Géry coll. G.949 (1); MTD F 27524 [ex Géry coll.] (1), MZUSP 44561-62 (2), 44563 (1). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:481-482 [ref. 23140], Zarske 2003:18 [ref. 27474]. •Valid as Moenkhausia loweae Géry 1992 -- (Lucena & Lucena 1999:235 [ref. 24225] as cf loveae, Benine in Reis et al. 2003:148 [ref. 27061], Bertaco & Lucinda 2006:66 [ref. 28492], Marinho & Langeani 2010:60 [ref. 30941], Marinho & Langeani 2010:887 [ref. 30927], Bertaco et al. 2011:62 [ref. 31234], Bertaco et al. 2011:37 [ref. 31403], Oliveira & Marinho 2016:573 [ref. 34342], Marinho & Langeani 2016:348 [ref. 34416], Soares et al. 2017:262 [ref. 35237], Koerber et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40665], Marinho & Benine 2024:231 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia loweae Géry 1992. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Rio Xingu and upper and middle rio Tocantins-Araguaia basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

madeirae, Moenkhausia lepidura Fowler [H. W.] 1913:540, Fig. 11 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 65; ref. 1389] Tributary of Rio Madeira near Porto Velho, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP 39224 (with paratypes). Paratypes: ANSP 39225-27 (3), 39350 (1, c&s). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:50 [ref. 13621], Lima et al. 2020:148 [ref. 38112]. •Synonym of Moenkhausia intermedia Eigenmann 1908 -- (Benine in Reis et al. 2003:147 [ref. 27061], Mirande & Koerber 2015:27 [ref. 35117]). •Valid as Moenkhausia madeirae Fowler 1913 -- (Lima et al. 2020:148 [ref. 38112], Marinho & Benine 2024:231 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia madeirae Fowler 1913. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: upper and middle Madeira River basin (Rondônia and Mato Grosso, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

margitae, Moenkhausia Zarske [A.] & Géry [J.] 2001:7, Figs. 1-2 [Zoologische Abhandlungen; Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden v. 51 (no. 1); ref. 25156] Quebrada on road Campo Verde-Nueva Requena (about half way), Ucayali, Peru. Holotype: MTD F 17256. Paratypes: GÉRY Coll. 1029.1-3.2000 (3), 1029.4.2000 (1); MTD F 17257-58 (2); MHNG 2610.01-04 (3, 16, 1, 13); ZFMK 26448 (1). Plus non-type material. Type catalog: Zarske 2003:18 [ref. 27474], Herder et al. 2010:117 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Moenkhausia margitae Zarske & Géry 2001 -- (Zarske & Géry 2002:19 [ref. 26554], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:148 [ref. 27061], Bertaco et al. 2011:60 [ref. 31234], Carvalho et al. 2014:378 [ref. 33383], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia margitae Zarske & Géry 2001. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Sout America: Rio Ucayali drainage, upper Amazon River basin (Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

megalops, Astyanax Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann & Ogle 1907:29 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1556); ref. 1266] Itaituba, rio Tapajós basin, Brazil. Holotype (unique): CAS 71433 [ex IU 5192]. •Valid as Moenkhausia megalops (Eigenmann 1907) -- (Lucena & Lucena 1999:235 [ref. 24225], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:148 [ref. 27061], Géry & Zarske 2004:43 [ref. 28287], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Oliveira & Marinho 2016:573 [ref. 34342], Marinho & Langeani 2016:348 [ref. 34416], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], Soares et al. 2017:256 [ref. 35237], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:51 [ref. 35633], Silvano et al. 2020:80 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Marinho & Benine 2024:231 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia megalops (Eigenmann 1907). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco river basins (Brazil, Colombia, Peru and possibly Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

melogrammus, Moenkhausia Eigenmann [C. H.] 1908:102 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Tabatinga, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MCZ 20825. •Valid as Moenkhausia melogramma Eigenmann 1908 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:148 [ref. 27061], Géry & Zarske 2004:43 [ref. 28287], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:52 [ref. 35633], Soares et al. 2020:3 [ref. 37743], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Marinho & Benine 2024:231 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia melogramma Eigenmann 1908. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

metae, Moenkhausia Eigenmann [C. H.] 1922:234, Pl. 34 (fig. 3) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 1243] Barrigón, Río Meta, Orinoco System, Colombia. Holotype: CAS 55610 [ex IU 15026a]. Paratypes: (20) CAS 55609 [ex IU 15026] (now 8), CAS 55608 [ex IU 13951] (6), FMNH 55214 (4). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:57 [ref. 12367]. Also appeared at same time in Eigenmann 1922:167 [ref. 12408]. •Valid as Moenkhausia metae Eigenmann 1922 -- (Benine in Reis et al. 2003:149 [ref. 27061], Bertaco et al. 2011:60 [ref. 31234], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:52 [ref. 35633], Marinho & Benine 2024:231 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia metae Eigenmann 1922. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: upper Meta River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

miangi, Moenkhausia Steindachner [F.] 1915:43 [29], Pl. 3 (fig. 5) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse. v. 93; ref. 4244] Miang, on the Venezuela border. Syntypes: (10) NMW 56297-300 (1, 2, 9, 1). On p. 29 of separate; also in Steindachner 1917 [ref. 15259]. Species not listed in earlier abstract [ref. 18909]. •Valid as Moenkhausia miangi Steindachner 1915 -- (Benine in Reis et al. 2003:149 [ref. 27061], Bertaco et al. 2011:60 [ref. 31234]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia miangi Steindachner 1915. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Upper Branco and upper Caroni River basins: Brazil and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

mikia, Moenkhausia Marinho [M. M. F.] & Langeani [F.] 2010:58, Figs. 1-5 [Zootaxa No. 2577; ref. 30941] Rio Tiquié, rio Negro drainage, igapó at Jabuti village, Amazonas, Brazil, 0°16'31.9"N, 69°53'36.4"W. Holotype: MZUSP 85166. Paratypes: DZSJPR, MNRG, MPEG, MZUSP. Plus many non-type specimens. Type catalog: Andrade et al. 2017:442 [ref. 35588]. •Valid as Moenkhausia mikia Marinho & Langeani 2010 -- (Oliveira & Marinho 2016:573 [ref. 34342], Marinho & Langeani 2016:348 [ref. 34416], Soares et al. 2017:262 [ref. 35237], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:52 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Reia et al. 2021:11 [ref. 38582], Marinho & Benine 2024:232 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia mikia Marinho & Langeani 2010. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins (Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

moisae, Moenkhausia Géry [J.], Planquette [P.] & Le Bail [P.-Y.] 1995:67, Figs. 1-2 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 22 (no. 3/4); ref. 21963] Balaté Creek, lower Maroni River, French Guiana. Holotype: MNHN 1995-1073. Paratypes: IRSCNB 807 (8); MHNG 2512-100 (8); MNHN 1995-1074 to 1082 (9); MTD F 16998-7001 (2, 2); plus 33 specimens in Géry coll. Type catalog: Zarske 2003:19 [ref. 27474]. •Valid as Moenkhausia moisae Géry, Planquette & Le Bail 1995 -- (Planquette et al. 1996:310 [ref. 22818], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:149 [ref. 27061], Zanata et al. 2010:2624 [ref. 30712], Bertaco et al. 2011:60 [ref. 31234], Carvalho et al. 2014:378 [ref. 33383], Brosse et al. 2019:134 [ref. 38320], Lima et al. 2023:593 [ref. 40391]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia moisae Géry, Planquette & Le Bail 1995. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Maroni and Mana River basins (French Guiana). Habitat: freshwater.

monicae, Moenkhausia Marinho [M. M. F.], Dagosta [F. C. P.], Camelier [P.] & Lima [F. C. T.] 2016:243, Fig. 1 [Copeia v. 104 (no. 1); ref. 34376] Rio Buriti, tributary of Rio Papagaio at Ilha do Papagaio, Rio Juruena drainage, Rio Tapajós basin, Sapezal, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 12°48’02.8"S, 58°23’54.5"W. Holotype: MZUSP 115489. Paratypes: INPA, MCP, MZUEL, MZUSP, UFRO-I, USNM, ZUEC. •Valid as Moenkhausia monicae Marinho, Dagosta, Camelier & Lima 2016 -- (Lima & Flausino 2016:94 [ref. 34408]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia monicae Marinho, Dagosta, Camelier & Lima 2016. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Upper Rio Tapajós basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

mutum, Moenkhausia Dagosta [F. C. P.] & Marinho [M. M. F.] 2016:[2], Fig. 1 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 14 (no. 2) e150052; ref. 34498] Stream at road Nobres-Nova Mutum, on the intersection before Nova Mutum, tributary of rio dos Patos, rio Arinos drainage, rio Tapajós basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 13°49'9"S, 56°10'53.9"W. Holotype: MZUSP 117071. Paratypes: CAS, MCP, MZUSP, ZUEC. •Valid as Moenkhausia mutum Dagosta & Marinho 2016 -- (Marinho & Dagosta 2023:6 [ref. 40358]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia mutum Dagosta & Marinho 2016. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Rio Tapajós basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

naponis, Moenkhausia Böhlke [J. E.] 1958:14, Pl. 2 (fig. 2); Figs. 1-2 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 110; ref. 12050] Headwaters of Río Arajuno, Ecuador, 1°24' to 1°26'S, 77°50' to 77°55'W, elevation 1000-1050 meters. Holotype: USNM 164067. Paratypes: ANSP 75900-01 (1, 3); USNM 164068 (2), 164071 (2), 175142 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:51 [ref. 13621], Vari & Howe 1991:30 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Moenkhausia naponis Böhlke 1958 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:29 [ref. 37559], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:149 [ref. 27061], Bertaco et al. 2011:60 [ref. 31234], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Marinho & Benine 2024:232 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia naponis Böhlke 1958. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

newtoni, Moenkhausia Travassos [H.] 1964:543, Figs. 6-9 [Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciéncias v. 36 (no. 4); ref. 3712] Rio Cachimbo, Cachimbo, Aeroporto da FAB, 9°22'S, 54°5'W, Pará, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 9177. Paratypes: MNRJ 9176 (1), 9178 (1, c&s), 9179-80 (1, 1), 9189a-b (2). •Valid as Moenkhausia newtoni Travassos 1964 -- (Benine in Reis et al. 2003:149 [ref. 27061], Carvalho et al. 2014:378 [ref. 33383], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[10] [ref. 35679]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia newtoni Travassos 1964. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Amazon River basin in Pará State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

nigromarginata, Moenkhausia Costa [W. J. E. M.] 1994:22, Figs. 1-2 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 232 (no. 1-2); ref. 22048] Small stream, tributary to Rio Tapajós, near road MT-170, about 10 kilometers north of Campo Novo do Parecis, Mato Grasso, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 12429. Paratypes: MHNG 2542.18 (5); MNRJ 12430 (5); MZUSP 45289 (5); NRM 20052 (5), UFRJ 1319 (7), 1320 (c&s). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:482 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Moenkhausia nigromarginata Costa 1994 -- (Benine 2002:292 [ref. 26541], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:149 [ref. 27061], Sousa et al. 2010:262 [ref. 30863], Pastana & Dagosta 2014:390 [ref. 33384], Dagosta et al. 2016:258 [ref. 34377], Dagosta & Marinho 2016:[7] [ref. 34498], Carvalho et al. 2017:9 [ref. 35509], Soares et al. 2019:237 [ref. 36688], Marinho & Dagosta 2023:6 [ref. 40358], Marinho & Benine 2024:232 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia nigromarginata Costa 1994. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: upper Tapajós River basin, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

ocoae, Moenkhausia lepidura Fowler [H. W.] 1943:234, Fig. 15 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 95; ref. 1443] Río Ocoá, south of Villavicencio, Río Meta basin, Colombia. Holotype (unique): ANSP 70497. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:52 [ref. 13621]. •Species inquirenda, in Moenkhausia -- (Benine in Reis et al. 2003:150 [ref. 27061], Marinho & Benine 2024:237 [ref. 40817]). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Habitat: freshwater.

oligolepis, Tetragonopterus Günther [A.] 1864:327 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Guyana. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1969.12.19.2. •Valid as Moenkhausia oligolepis (Günther 1864) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:29 [ref. 37559], Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Géry et al. 1991:55 [ref. 21021], Planquette et al. 1996:312 [ref. 22818], Britski et al. 1999:34 [ref. 24147], Lima & Toledo-Piza 2001:1061 [ref. 25823], Lasso et al. 2001:96 [ref. 25928], Benine 2002:292 [ref. 26541], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:149 [ref. 27061], Benine et al. 2004:72 [ref. 27502], Géry & Zarske 2004:43 [ref. 28287], Benine et al. 2007:261 [ref. 29279], Benine et al. 2009:161 [ref. 30250], Sousa et al. 2010:262 [ref. 30863], Marinho & Langeani 2010:887 [ref. 30927], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Domingos et al. 2014:7979 [ref. 35446], Pastana & Dagosta 2014:395 [ref. 33384], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Dagosta et al. 2015:424 [ref. 33998], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], Guimarães et al. 2016:203 [ref. 36424], Melo et al. 2016:133 [ref. 34701], Ohara & Marinho 2016:[6] 42 [ref. 34383], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:52 [ref. 35633], Reia et al. 2021:11 [ref. 38582], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Koerber et al. 2022:35 [ref. 39235], Vieira et al. 2023:17 [ref. 40759], Marinho & Benine 2024:232 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia oligolepis (Günther 1864). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Amazon basin (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

orteguasae, Moenkhausia Fowler [H. W.] 1943:233, Fig. 14 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 95; ref. 1443] Río Orteguasa, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia. Holotype (unique): ANSP 70496. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:52 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Moenkhausia orteguasae Fowler 1943 -- (Benine in Reis et al. 2003:149 [ref. 27061], Géry & Zarske 2004:42 [ref. 28287], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:52 [ref. 35633], Marinho & Benine 2024:233 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia orteguasae Fowler 1943. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Orteguasa River drainage, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

ovalis, Tetragonopterus Günther [A.] 1868:480 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 1 (no. 6) (art. 56); ref. 1992] Xeberos, Peru. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1867.6.13.87. Also published in Günther (Sept.) 1868:245 [ref. 5756]. •Valid as Moenkhausia ovalis (Günther 1868) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:149 [ref. 27061], Géry & Zarske 2004:42 [ref. 28287], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[10] [ref. 35679], Marinho & Benine 2024:233 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia ovalis (Günther 1868). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin, Peru and Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

pankilopteryx, Moenkhausia Bertaco [V. A.] & Lucinda [P. H. F.] 2006:59, Figs. 2-3 [Zootaxa No. 1120; ref. 28492] Rio Itacaiunas, rio Tocantins drainage, about 10 kilometers east of road N-4, Serra dos Carajás at Igarapé, about 5°32'S, 50°32'W, Pará, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 88258. Paratypes: MCP 38716 (15, 2 c&s); MZUSP 29931 (2), 30289 (10), 51999 (44); UNT 2445 (2). •Valid as Moenkhausia pankilopteryx Bertaco & Lucinda 2006 -- (Zanata et al. 2010:2624 [ref. 30712], Bertaco et al. 2011:60 [ref. 31234], Bertaco et al. 2011:37 [ref. 31403], Reia et al. 2021:12 [ref. 38582], Lima et al. 2023:593 [ref. 40391], Marinho & Benine 2024:233 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia pankilopteryx Bertaco & Lucinda 2006. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

parecis, Moenkhausia Ohara [W. M.] & Marinho [M. M. F.] 2016:[2] 38, Figs. 1-2 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 14 (no. 1) e150041; ref. 34383] Upper rio Machado, tributary of igarapé Piracolina, near road BR 364, rio Madeira basin, Vilhena, Rondônia, Brazil, 12°48’56.5"S, 60°06’37.6"W, elevation 585 meters. Holotype: MZUSP 116070. Paratypes: ANSP, INPA, MCP, MZUEL, MZUSP, UFRO-I. •Valid as Moenkhausia parecis Ohara & Marinho 2016 -- (Soares et al. 2019:237 [ref. 36688], Marinho et al. 2021:12 [ref. 38394]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia parecis Ohara & Marinho 2016. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Rio Madeira basin, Rondônia, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

petymbuaba, Moenkhausia Lima [F. C. T.] & Birindelli [J. L. O.] 2006:54, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 17 (no. 1); ref. 28635] Rio Curuá, Serra do Cachimbo, Santarém-Cuiabá road, about 8°44'S, 54°57'W, Estado do Pará, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 85577. Paratypes: ANSP 180647 (1); MPEG 3202 (1); MZUSP 30231 (5), 66681 (6, 2 c&s). •Valid as Moenkhausia petymbuaba Lima & Birindelli 2006 -- (Dagosta et al. 2015:424 [ref. 33998], Ohara & Marinho 2016:[6] 42 [ref. 34383], Marinho et al. 2021:12 [ref. 38394], Marinho & Benine 2024:233 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia petymbuaba Lima & Birindelli 2006. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: upper Cururá River drainage, Xingu River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

phaeonota, Moenkhausia Fink [W. L.] 1979:2, Figs. 1-2 [Breviora No. 450; ref. 8835] Shores of an island "below Rio dos Peixes", Rio Arinos, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 13793. Paratypes: ANSP 135924 (1), BMNH 1978.9.12.1 (1), CAS 41707 (1), FMNH 83856 (1), MCZ 54087 (3), MZUSP 13794-5 (1, 1), USNM 218798 (22 not 20, 1 c&s), ZMA 115273 (1). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:22 [ref. 19236], Böhlke 1984:52 [ref. 13621], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:57 [ref. 12367], Oyakawa 1996:482 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Moenkhausia phaeonota Fink 1979 -- (Benine 2002:293 [ref. 26541], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:149 [ref. 27061], Benine et al. 2004:72 [ref. 27502], Lima & Birindelli 2006:57 [ref. 28635], Sousa et al. 2010:262 [ref. 30863], Marinho et al. 2014:263 [ref. 33372], Pastana & Dagosta 2014:395 [ref. 33384], Marinho et al. 2016:248 [ref. 34376], Petrolli et al. 2016:168 [ref. 34395], Lima & Flausino 2016:94 [ref. 34408], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], Marinho & Benine 2024:233 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia phaeonota Fink 1979. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

pirahan, Moenkhausia Mathubara [K.] & Toledo-Piza [M.] 2020:25, Figs. 4B, 7C, 13-16 [Zootaxa 4852 (no. 1); ref. 37778] Igarapé Traíra, Transamazônica highway, 40 km from the ferryboat of Humaitá to Apuí, Humaitá, Rondônia, Brazil, 7°35'31"S, 62°44'45"W. Holotype: MZUSP 125777. Paratypes: MZUSP, UFRO, ZUEC. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Moenkhausia pirahan Mathubara & Toledo-Piza 2020 -- (Reia et al. 2021:11 [ref. 38582]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia pirahan Mathubara & Toledo-Piza 2020. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Madeira, Trombetas and Tapajós River basins (regions Teles Pires, middle-lower Madeira, Madeira Shield tributaries, Trombetas), Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

pirauba, Moenkhausia Zanata [A. M.], Birindelli [J. L. O.] & Moreira [C. R.] 2010:2616, Figs 1, 2b, 3b, 4b, 5 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 75 (no. 10) [for 2009]; ref. 30712] Rio Sucuri, tributary of Rio Culuene, Rio Xingu basin, 13°55'40"S. 53°17'10"W, Município de Campinápolis, Estado do Motto Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 07741. Paratypes: many at ANSP, INPA MZUSP •Valid as Moenkhausia pirauba Zanata, Birindelli & Moreira 2010 -- (Pastana & Dagosta 2014:395 [ref. 33384], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], Lima et al. 2023:593 [ref. 40391], Marinho & Benine 2024:234 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia pirauba Zanata, Birindelli & Moreira 2010. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Xingu, Tapajós and Araguaia River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

pittieri, Moenkhausia Eigenmann [C. H.] 1920:10, Pl. 3 [Indiana University Studies v. 7 (no. 44); ref. 11120] Concejo, Río Tiquirito, Venezuela. Holotype: CAS 62059 [ex IU 15136]. Paratypes: CAS 62060 [ex IU 15136] (27), 70732 [ex IU 15137] (1). •Valid as Moenkhausia pittieri Eigenmann 1920 -- (Weitzman & Palmer 1997:238 [ref. 22743], Lima & Gerhard 2001:112 [ref. 25355], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:149 [ref. 27061], Bertaco et al. 2011:60 [ref. 31234], Marinho 2017:1 [ref. 35491], Marinho 2022:[3] [ref. 39339], Marinho & Benine 2024:234 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia pittieri Eigenmann 1920. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Lake Valencia basin (Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

plumbea, Moenkhausia Sousa [L. M. de], Netto-Ferreira [A. L.] & Birindelli [J. L. O.] 2010:359, Figs. 6-9 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 8 (no. 2); ref. 30863] Novo Progresso, tributary to rio Braço Norte, at bridge of BR 163 road near Air Force Base, rio Peixoto de Azevedo, rio Teles Pires drainage, rio Tapajós basin, 9°17'59"S, 54°50'00"W, Pará, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 99415. Paratypes: ANSP, AUM, INPA, MCP, MNRJ, MPEG, MZUSP. •Valid as Moenkhausia plumbea Sousa, Netto-Ferreira & Birindelli 2010 -- (Dagosta et al. 2015:424 [ref. 33998], Ohara & Marinho 2016:[7] 43 [ref. 34383], Soares et al. 2019:237 [ref. 36688], Marinho et al. 2021:12 [ref. 38394]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia plumbea Sousa, Netto-Ferreira & Birindelli 2010. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Tapajós and Curuá River basins, Pará, Brazil and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

pyrophthalma, Moenkhausia Costa [W. J. E. M.] 1994:25, Figs. 3-4 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 232 (no. 1-2); ref. 22048] Stream crossing road between Agua Boa and Cocalinho, about 14°03'S, 51°47'W, Rio Araguaia-Tocantins basin, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 12431. Paratypes: MHNG 2542.18 (7), MNRJ 12432 (14), MZUSP 45290 (7), UFRJ 1292 (7), 1293 (4, c&s). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:482 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Moenkhausia pyrophthalma Costa 1994 -- (Lucena & Lucena 1999:235 [ref. 24225] as pyrophtalma, Lima & Toledo-Piza 2001:1061 [ref. 25823], Benine 2002:292 [ref. 26541] as pyrophtalma, Benine in Reis et al. 2003:149 [ref. 27061], Bertaco & Lucinda 2006:66 [ref. 28492], Benine et al. 2007:262 [ref. 29279], Benine et al. 2009:161 [ref. 30250], Bertaco et al. 2011:62 [ref. 31234], Bertaco et al. 2011:37 [ref. 31403], Marinho & Langeani 2010:887 [ref. 30927], Dagosta et al. 2015:424 [ref. 33998], Ohara & Marinho 2016:[7] 43 [ref. 34383], Reia et al. 2021:12 [ref. 38582]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia pyrophthalma Costa 1994. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Araguaia River basin, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

restricta, Moenkhausia Soares [N. C.] & Benine [R. C.] 2019:488, Figs. 1-2, 4b [Zootaxa 4700 (no. 4); ref. 37120] Rio Miuá, tribitary of the Rio Negro, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas, Brazil, 00°06'31"S, 66°52'58"W. Holotype: MZUSP 125291. Paratypes: LBP, MZUSP, ZUEC. •Valid as Moenkhausia restricta Soares & Benine 2019. Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia restricta Soares & Benine 2019. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Upper Rio Negro basin, Amazonas, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

robertsi, Moenkhausia Géry [J.] 1964:21, Fig. 1 [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 13 (no. 4, Dec.); ref. 2264] Upper Amazon, region surrounding Iquitos, Peru. Holotype: USNM 200427 [ex Géry coll. 398.1]. Paratypes: (3). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:30 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Moenkhausia robertsi Géry 1964 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:149 [ref. 27061], Géry & Zarske 2004:43 [ref. 28287], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:52 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia robertsi Géry 1964. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Ecuador, Peru and Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

rondoni, Moenkhausia Mathubara [K.] & Toledo-Piza [M.] 2020:18, Figs. 4C, 5B, 7B, 10-11 [Zootaxa 4852 (no. 1); ref. 37778] Igarapé Arara, tributary of rio Madeira, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil, 10°00'48"S, 65°19'05"W. Holotype: MZUSP 125775. Paratypes: MZUSP, UFRO, ZUEC. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Moenkhausia rondoni Mathubara & Toledo-Piza 2020. Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia rondoni Mathubara & Toledo-Piza 2020. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Madeira River and Purus River basins (regions Mamoré, Guaporé, Beni-Madre de Dios, middle-lower Madeira, Madeira Shield tributaries, Purus): Brazil and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

rubra, Moenkhausia Pastana [M. N. L.] & Dagosta [F. C. P.] 2014:390, Figs. 1-3 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 33384] Mato Grosso, município de Sapezal, Pequena Central Hidroelétrica (PCH) Sapezal, rio Juruena, rio Tapajós basin, 13°16’10"S, 59°01’26"W, Brazil. Holotype: LIRP 8183. Paratypes: LIRP, MZUSP. •Valid as Moenkhausia rubra Pastana & Dagosta 2014 -- (Dagosta & Marinho 2016:[7] [ref. 34498], Carvalho et al. 2017:9 [ref. 35509], Marinho & Dagosta 2023:6 [ref. 40358]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia rubra Pastana & Dagosta 2014. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Rio Juruena drainage, upper rio Tapajós basin, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

sanctaefilomenae, Tetragonopterus Steindachner [F.] 1907:82 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 44 (no. 6) (for 28 Feb. 1907); ref. 20499] Lagoon at Santa Filomena on Rio Parnahyba (Rio Parnaíba), Brazil. Syntypes: (several) NMW 57513-15 (5, 7, 2). Species originally spelled as sanctae Filomenae, correction mandatory. Comment on type locality see Schindler 1995:209 [ref. 38519]. •Valid as Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae (Steindachner 1907) -- (Schindler 1995:208 [ref. 38519], Gómez & Chebez 1996:50 [ref. 23791] as sanctae-filomenae, Britski et al. 1999:34 [ref. 24147], Fuller et al. 1999:185 [ref. 25838], Lima & Toledo-Piza 2001:1061 [ref. 25823], Lasso et al. 2001:96 [ref. 25928], Casatti et al. 2001:5 [ref. 25929], Britski & de Silimon 2001:119 [ref. 27195], Benine 2002:292 [ref. 26541], López et al. 2003:28 [ref. 27366], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:150 [ref. 27061], Casciotta et al. 2003:108 [ref. 28130], Benine et al. 2004:72 [ref. 27502], Menni 2004:78 [ref. 28131] as sancta-filomenae, Géry & Zarske 2004:43 [ref. 28287], Benine et al. 2007:261 [ref. 29279], Benine et al. 2009:161 [ref. 30250], Sousa et al. 2010:262 [ref. 30863], Mirande 2010:505 [ref. 31006], Marinho & Langeani 2010:887 [ref. 30927], Litz & Koerber 2014:16 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:49, 185 [ref. 35004], Ramos et al. 2014:4 [ref. 35321], Dagosta et al. 2015:424 [ref. 33998], Mirande & Koerber 2015:27 [ref. 35117], Ohara & Marinho 2016:[7] 43 [ref. 34383], Bertaco et al. 2016:414 [ref. 34561], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], Nión et al. 2016:30 [ref. 35565] as sanctafilomenae, Koerber et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35267], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Reis et al. 2020:459 [ref. 38364], Silva et al. 2020:6 [ref. 37809], Reia et al. 2021:12 [ref. 38582], Koerber et al. 2022:35 [ref. 39235], Marinho & Benine 2024:235 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae (Steindachner 1907). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Parnaíba, São Francisco, upper Paraná, Paraguay and Uruguay River basins (Brazil, Bolivia, Venezuela, Paraguay and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

schultzi, Moenkhausia Fernández-Yépez [A.] 1950:13, Pl. 2 (fig. 4) [Novedades Cientificas, Contribuciones Ocasionales del Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Serie Zoológica No. 2; ref. 1323] Río Autana, Venezuela. Holotype: AFY 48166 [not at MHNLS] (probably lost). Paratypes: AFY 48233 (3). Types not in MHNLS, Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:235 [ref. 40817]. •Species inquirenda in Moenkhausia -- (Benine in Reis et al. 2003:150 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Moenkhausia schultzi Fernández-Yépez 1950 -- (Marinho & Langeani 2010:66 [ref. 30941], Marinho & Benine 2024:235 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia schultzi Fernández-Yépez 1950. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Autana River drainage, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

shideleri, Moenkhausia Eigenmann [C. H.] 1909:15 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 1222] Bartica, Guyana. Holotype: FMNH 52961 [ex CM 1012]. Paratypes: BMNH 1911.10.31.244 (1), CAS 61851 [ex IU 11716] (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:66 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:58 [ref. 12367]. Possibly in another genus (Marinho 2024:235 [ref. 40817]). •Valid as Moenkhausia shideleri Eigenmann 1909 -- (Lucena & Lucena 1999:235 [ref. 24225], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:150 [ref. 27061], Géry & Zarske 2004:43 [ref. 28287], Marinho & Benine 2024:235 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia shideleri Eigenmann 1909. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Guyana. Habitat: freshwater.

simulatus, Astyanax Eigenmann [C. H.] in Pearson 1924:41 [Indiana University Studies v. 11 (no. 64); ref. 3396] Creek at Puerto Bermudez, Río Marañon system, Peru. Syntypes: CAS 62100 [ex IU 15860] (orig. 10, now 6), MCZ 31875 [ex IU 16860] (2), USNM 167811 [ex IU 15860] (2). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:30 [ref. 19022]. Author is C. H. Eigenmann. Appeared first as above with brief characterization, then in Eigenmann & Pearson in Eigenmann & Myers 1929:523, Pl. 57 (fig. 3) [ref. 1263]. Usually dated to 1929 but dates to 1924. •See Planquette et al. 1996:316 [ref. 22818]. •Valid as Moenkhausia simulata (Eigenmann 1924) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:150 [ref. 27061], Zarske et al. 2004:23 [ref. 28038], Géry & Zarske 2004:42 [ref. 28287], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Carvalho et al. 2014:378 [ref. 33383], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:52 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Marinho & Benine 2024:235 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia simulata (Eigenmann 1924). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: western Amazon River basin, Ecuador, Colombia, Peru and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

sthenosthoma, Moenkhausia Petrolli [M. G.] & Benine [R. C.] 2015:408, Figs. 6a-c, 9e-f [Zootaxa 3986 (no. 4); ref. 33887] Rondônia, Madeira, Rio Jaci-Paraná between Porto Velho and Jaci-Paraná, Brazil, 9°15'23"S, 64°23'13"W. Holotype: MCP 48789. Paratypes: ANSP, INPA, LBP, MCP, MZUSP, UFRO. •Valid as Moenkhausia sthenosthoma Petrolli & Benine 2015 -- (Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia sthenosthoma Petrolli & Benine 2015. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

surinamensis, Moenkhausia Géry [J.] 1965:102, Fig. 2 [Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde v. 35; ref. 7962] Brownscreek, between Saramacca and Suriname river systems, Suriname. Holotype: ZMA 104221. Paratypes: ZMA 104222 (2). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:22 [ref. 19236]. •Valid as Moenkhausia surinamensis Géry 1965 -- (Géry et al. 1991:55 [ref. 21021], Planquette et al. 1996:314 [ref. 22818], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:150 [ref. 27061], Bertaco & Lucinda 2006:66 [ref. 28492], Bertaco et al. 2011:60 [ref. 31234], Melo et al. 2016:133 [ref. 34701], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], Soares & Benine 2019:491 [ref. 37120]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia surinamensis Géry 1965. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Suriname, Saramacca, Oyapock, Approuague, Compté, and Sinnamary River basins: Brazil, French Guiana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

takasei, Moenkhausia Géry [J.] 1964:13, Fig. 1 [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 12 (no. 7, Mar.); ref. 2131] Creek near Belém do Pará, Rio Guama basin, lower Amazon, Brazil. Holotype: USNM 198136. Paratypes: Géry coll. M.349,2-5 (now 1 or 0), MHNG 2174.043 [ex Géry] (3), ZMA 113849 (1). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:22 [ref. 19236], Vari & Howe 1991:30 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Moenkhausia takasei Géry 1964 -- (Benine in Reis et al. 2003:150 [ref. 27061], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[11] [ref. 35679], Marinho & Benine 2024:236 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia takasei Géry 1964. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: lower Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

tergimacula, Moenkhausia Lucena [Z. M. S. de] & Lucena [C. A. S. de] 1999:232, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 10 (no. 3); ref. 24225] Rio Tocantins, 3 kilometers downstream of Serra da Mesa Dam, 13°50'51"S, 48°16'60"W, Minaçu, Goiás, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 20560. Paratypes: MCP 20287 (20, 2 c&s). •Valid as Moenkhausia tergimacula Lucena & Lucena 1999 -- (Zarske & Géry 2001:9 [ref. 25156], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:150 [ref. 27061], Géry & Zarske 2004:43 [ref. 28287], Bertaco & Lucinda 2006:66 [ref. 28492], Bertaco et al. 2011:62 [ref. 31234], Bertaco et al. 2011:37 [ref. 31403], Carvalho et al. 2014:378 [ref. 33383], Pastana & Dagosta 2014:395 [ref. 33384], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], Deprá et al. 2018:94 [ref. 36283]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia tergimacula Lucena & Lucena 1999. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Upper Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

tridentata, Moenkhausia Holly [M.] 1929:117 [1] [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 66 (no. 13) (for 2 May 1929); ref. 16088] Piquirão, Amazon River, Brazil. Holotype (unique): NMW 8947. Type catalog: Bogutskaya et al. 2022:47 [ref. 39277]. On p. 1 of separate. •Valid as Moenkhausia tridentata Holly 1929, but species inquirenda -- (Benine in Reis et al. 2003:150 [ref. 27061], Marinho & Benine 2024:237 [ref. 40817]). •Valid as Moenkhausia tridentata Holly 1929 -- (Zarske & Géry 2006:13 [ref. 29010]). Current status: Uncertain as Moenkhausia tridentata Holly 1929. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

uirapuru, Moenkhausia Ohara [W. M.] & Lima [F. C. T.] 2015:160, Figs. 1a, 2, 3a [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 26 (no. 2); ref. 34046] Tributary of rio Galero, upstream cascata Uirapuru, upper rio Guaporé, rio Madeira basin, Chapada dos Parecis, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 14°25’00"S, 59°27’17"W. Holotype: MZUSP 115988. Paratypes: ANSP, INPA, MZUSP, UFRO, ZUEC. RVL •Valid as Moenkhausia uirapuru Ohara & Lima 2015 -- (Reia et al. 2021:12 [ref. 38582], Marinho & Dagosta 2023:6 [ref. 40358]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia uirapuru Ohara & Lima 2015. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: upper rio Guaporé drainage, Madeira basin, and rio Juruena drainage, upper Tapajós basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

venerei, Moenkhausia Petrolli [M. G.], Azevedo-Santos [V. M.] & Benine [R. C.] 2016:160, Figs. 1, 2, 5a [Zootaxa 4105 (no. 2); ref. 34395] Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, rio Araguaia, Córrego Grande, Brazil, 15°44'S, 52°05'W. Holotype: MZUSP 119006. Paratypes: INPA, LBP, MCP, MZUEL, MZUSP, ZUEC. •Valid as Moenkhausia venerei Petrolli, Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016 -- (Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], Soares & Bührnheim 2016:398 [ref. 34972]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia venerei Petrolli, Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Rio Araguaia basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

vittatus, Tetragonopterus Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:66, Pl. 33 (fig. 3) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Probably the southern portion of Bahia, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-3088. •Synonym of Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Garutti & Britski 1997:225 [ref. 23650], Garutti 1998:121 [ref. 23797], Garutti 1999:587 [ref. 24920]). •Synonym of Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:108 [ref. 27061] with question, Mirande & Koerber 2015:1 [ref. 33698] with question). •Species inquirenda -- (Lucena & Soares 2016:119 [ref. 34169]). •Valid as Moenkhausia vittata (Castelnau 1855) -- (Silva & Malabarba 2016:270 [ref. 34515], Silva et al. 2020:6 [ref. 37809], Marinho & Benine 2024:236 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia vittata (Castelnau 1855). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: coastal streams of the Mata Atlântica ecoregion, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais and Bahia states, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

xinguensis, Tetragonopterus Steindachner [F.] 1882:178 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 19 (no. 19); ref. 20487] Rio Xingu, Brazil. Holotype (unique): NMW 57826. Species later described in more detail in Steindachner 1882:32 [ref. 14353]. See Géry & Zarske 2004:40 [ref. 28287] for a redescription of the type. •Valid as Moenkhausia xinguensis (Steindachner 1882) -- (Zarske & Géry 2002:18 [ref. 26554], Benine 2002:293 [ref. 26541] as cf. xinguensis, Géry & Zarske 2004:40 [ref. 28287], Mirande 2010:505 [ref. 31006], Petrolli et al. 2016:168 [ref. 34395], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia xinguensis (Steindachner 1882). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Xingu River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.