ascotanensis, Orestias Parenti [L. R.] 1984:196, Fig. 58 [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 178 (art. 2); ref. 5359] Lago Ascotán, Chile. Holotype: USNM 236790. Paratypes: CAS 46160 [ex IU 16060] (46), 51471 [ex CAS 46160] (2, c&s); USNM 167744 (15). Additional material: FMNH 77384 (160); MNHN 1905-0186 thru 0188 (3); MCZ 58680 (8). •Synonym of Orestias agassii Valenciennes 1846 -- (Lüssen et al. 2004:59 [ref. 29603]). •Valid as Orestias ascotanensis Parenti 1984 -- (Pequeño 1997:82 [ref. 23536], Martínez et al. 1999:7 [ref. 37225], Dyer 2000:85 [ref. 26678], Lazara 2001:234 [ref. 25711] as endangered, Costa in Reis et al. 2003:551 [ref. 27061], Vila 2006:475 [ref. 28797], Vila et al. 2012:352 [ref. 31748], Cruz-Jofré et al. 2015:747 [ref. 35413], Reis et al. 2016:17 [ref. 34496], Arratia et al. 2017:S2 [ref. 35512], Esmaeili et al. 2018:18 [ref. 36738]). Current status: Valid as Orestias ascotanensis Parenti 1984. Cyprinodontidae: Orestiinae. Distribution: South America: Ascotán salt pan, Altiplano (Chile). Habitat: freshwater.