Species that contain: Anguilla and anguilla [ 152 ] records

acerine, Muraena anguilla var. Schneider [J. G.] in Bloch & Schneider 1801:560 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] No locality. No types known. Based on "Acerine" (variety of Muraena anguilla Linnaeus 1758) of Lacepède 1800:261 [ref. 2709]. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:20 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

acuminata, Anguilla (Ophisurus) Swainson [W.] 1839:334 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Estuaries near Calcutta, India. Based on Gray, Ind. Zool. i. pl. 91. fig. 2 -- which is Gray 1832:Pl. 91 (fig. 2) [ref. 1878]. •Synonym of Pisodonophis boro (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 2013:47 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Pisodonophis boro (Hamilton 1822). Ophichthidae: Ophichthinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

acutirostris, Anguilla Risso [A.] 1827:198 [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Holotype (unique): MNHN (not found). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:124 [ref. 20810]. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:220 [ref. 7185], Castle 1984:34 [ref. 6171], Smith 1990:151 [ref. 13454], Tesch 1991:389 [ref. 24843], Kottelat 1997:35 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:20 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

aegyptiaca, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1857:40 [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Nile River, Egypt. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-3772 (1), 0000-3773 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:93 [ref. 20810]. Appeared first as name only in Kaup 1856:55 [ref. 2572]. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:221 [ref. 7185], Castle 1984:34 [ref. 6171], Smith 1990:152 [ref. 13454], Tesch 1991:389 [ref. 24843], Lévèque et al. 1991:133 [ref. 31367], Bauchot et al. 1993:93 [ref. 20810], Kottelat 1997:35 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

altirostris, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1857:37, Pl. 4 (fig. 24) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Mouth of Seine River, France, La Manche/English Channel, northeastern Atlantic. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-3768. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:93 [ref. 20810]. Appeared first as name only in Kaup 1856:55 [ref. 2572]. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:221 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:151 [ref. 13454], Tesch 1991:389 [ref. 24843], Kottelat 1997:35 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

amblodon, Anguilla Günther [A.] in Playfair & Günther 1867:125, Fig. [The fishes of Zanzibar; ref. 3490] Seychelles. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1867.3.9.422 (stuffed). •Synonym of Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844 -- (Ege 1939:151 [ref. 13172], Castle 1984:36 [ref. 6171]., Kottelat 2013:37 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

amboinensis, Anguilla Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1866:523 [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1866; ref. 3439] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype: ZMB 6178. •Synonym of Anguilla celebesensis Kaup 1857 -- (Ege 1939:10 [ref. 13172], Watanabe et al. 2009:388 [ref. 30611], Kottelat 2013:38 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla celebesensis Kaup 1857. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

anacamptoentera, Anguilla Balsamo-Crivelli [G. G.] & Maggi [L.] 1873:229, Pl. [Memorie del Reale Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e Lettere, Classe di Scienze Matematiche e Naturali v. 12 [=(Ser. 3) v. 3]; ref. 15763] Italy. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

ancestralis, Anguilla Ege [V.] 1939:36, Pl. 4 (fig. 1) [Dana Report No. 16; ref. 13172] Paigar River near Manado, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Syntypes: (158 elvers) ZMUC P31251-62 (12). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:52 [ref. 9588]. •Synonym of Anguilla celebesensis Kaup 1857 -- (Kottelat 2013:38 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla celebesensis Kaup 1857. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater.

ancidda, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1857:37, Pl. 4 (fig. 22) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Sicily and Pergamont, Italy. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-3767 (1), 0000-3780 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:93 [ref. 20810]. Appeared first as name only in Kaup 1856:55 [ref. 2572]. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:221 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:151 [ref. 13454], Tesch 1991:389 [ref. 24843], Kottelat 1997:35 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

aneitensis, Anguilla Günther [A.] 1870:34, Fig. [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 8; ref. 1995] Aneityum [Anatom] Island, Vanuatu. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1855.8.16.52. •In part a synonym of Anguilla megastoma Kaup 1857 -- (Ege 1939:10 [ref. 13172]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla megastoma Kaup 1857. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

anguilla, Glanapteryx Myers [G. S.] 1927:129 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 68 (no. 3); ref. 3096] Rapids of São Gabriel, Rio Negro system, Brazil. Holotype (unique): CAS 56048 [ex IU 17700]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:404 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Glanapteryx anguilla Myers 1927 -- (Burgess 1989:325 [ref. 12860], Nico & de Pinna 1996:27 [ref. 22300], Pinna 1998:35 [ref. 23575], de Pinna & Wosiacki 2002:721 [ref. 26545], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:273 [ref. 27061], Proudlove 2006:269 [ref. 28992], Ferraris 2007:404 [ref. 29155], de Pinna & Kirovsky 2011:493 [ref. 31517]). Current status: Valid as Glanapteryx anguilla Myers 1927. Trichomycteridae: Glanapteryginae. Distribution: Negro and Orinoco River basins: Brazil and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

anguilla, Ictalurus Evermann [B. W.] & Kendall [W. C.] 1898:125, Pl. 6 (fig. 1) [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 17 (art. 5) (for 1897); ref. 1281] Atchafalaya River, above Morgan City [= Morganza], Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 48788. Paratypes: CAS-SU 5772 (1, missing in 1995); USNM 48787 (1), 48789 (1), 61236 [ex USFC 1078] (1), 61240 [ex USFC 1079] (1). Type catalog: Ferraris & Vari 1992:18 [ref. 19771], Gilbert 1998:207-208 [ref. 23395], Ferraris 2007:210 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque 1818) -- (Gilbert 1998:208 [ref. 23395], Ferraris 2007:210 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque 1818). Ictaluridae. Habitat: freshwater.

anguilla, Muraena Linnaeus [C.] 1758:245 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Europe, Mediterranean Sea, Baltic Sea, northeastern Atlantic [original: "in Europa; maxima in lacu Cornachio Ferrariensi"]; localities include Sweden; England; Belgium; Germany; Poland; France; Ferrara and Rome, Italy; Lesbos Island, Greece; Syria. No types known. Originally spelled angvilla, also angvilla in Linnaeus 1766:426 [ref. 2786]. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:19 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. Originally based on at least 34 pre-Linnaean sources including Artedi 1738:24 [ref. 30578], Artedi 1738:66 [ref. 30529] and Artedi 1738:39 [ref. 30349] as Muræna unicolor, maxilla inferiore longiore; Wootton 1552:148 [ref. 30584] as Anguilla, Rondelet 1555:198 [ref. 30378] as Anguilla, Salviani 1558:65, Pls. (p. 64, 66) [ref. 30229] as Anguilla, Charleton 1668:153 [ref. 30580] as Anguilla, Willughby 1686:109 [ref. 30164] and Ray 1713:37 [ref. 30231] as Anguilla. •Valid as Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Ege 1939:90 [ref. 13172], Berg 1949:938 [ref. 20662], Blache et al. 1973:220 [ref. 7185], Dor 1984:26 [ref. 29757], Castle 1984:34 [ref. 6171], Bauchot in Whitehead et al. 1986:535 [ref. 13676], Okamura & Machida 1987:111 [ref. 22279], Lelek 1987:63 [ref. 22962], Scott & Scott 1988:79 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:46 [ref. 14674], Smith 1989:899 [ref. 13285], Smith 1990:151 [ref. 13454], Tesch 1991:389 [ref. 24843], Lévèque et al. 1991:133 [ref. 31367], Poll & Gosse 1995:83 [ref. 24781], Goren & Dor 1994:6 [ref. 25356], Coad 1995:7 [ref. 23608], Mrakovcic et al. 1995:183 [ref. 23079], Aoyama et al. 1996:374 [ref. 24707], Chereshnev 1996:599 [ref. 24659], Coad 1996:84 [ref. 25304], Tagliavini et al. 1996:271 [ref. 25516], Bianco et al. 1996:55 [ref. 26724], Kottelat 1997:34 [ref. 22952], Santos et al. 1997:18 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:54 [ref. 24952], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:734 [ref. 24702], Bianco 1997:612 [ref. 26725], Reshetnikov 1998:54 [ref. 23570], Scott & Crossman 1998:624 [ref. 24570], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:128 [ref. 25013], Fricke 1999:18 [ref. 24101], Fuller et al. 1999:36 [ref. 25838], Azeroual et al. 2000:20 [ref. 25366], Huang et al. 2001:42 [ref. 25846], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:194 [ref. 26728], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:30 [ref. 26753], Dekker 2003:787 [ref. 27171], Hanel 2003:48 [ref. 27894], Seegers et al. 2003:30 [ref. 28087], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:28 [ref. 28183], Golani 2005:16 [ref. 37112], Hanel & Lusk 2005:182 [ref. 28804], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:174 [ref. 28369], Watanabe et al. 2005:677 [ref. 39169], Fricke 2007:25 [ref. 30577], Fricke et al. 2007:22 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:61 [ref. 29996], Vasil'eva 2007:41 [ref. 30517], Fricke 2008:14 [ref. 30182], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:164 [ref. 31251], Teng et al. 2009:817 [ref. 30569], Esmaeili et al. 2010:366 [ref. 33391], Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:58 [ref. 35264], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:17 [ref. 36649], Mecklenburg et al. 2011:117 [ref. 31212], Page & Burr 2011:146 [ref. 31215], Khalaf 2013:4 [ref. 37897], Parin et al. 2014:47 [ref. 33547], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:859 [ref. 34062], Barbieri et al. 2015:38 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:143 [ref. 35151], Smith 2016:1605 [ref. 34556], Neumann et al. 2016:303 [ref. 35036], Esmaeili et al. 2017:27 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:8 [ref. 36089], Martins & Carneiro 2018:23 [ref. 36550], Artüz & Fricke 2019:553 [ref. 36612], Ćaleta et al. 2019:145 [ref. 37026], Carneiro et al. 2019:69 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:92 [ref. 36864], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Bariche & Fricke 2020:31 [ref. 37515], Bayçelebi 2020:751 [ref. 37964], Çiçek et al. 2020:243 [ref. 37644], Dyldin et al. 2020:106 [ref. 37569], Freyhof et al. 2020:5 [ref. 37614], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:20 [ref. 37983], Kovačić et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37519], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[4] [ref. 37535], Abliazov et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38576], Baikeche et al. 2021:959 [ref. 39080], Bañón & Maño 2021:50 [ref. 38883], Golani 2021:13 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39014], Dyldin et al. 2022:[13] [ref. 39193], Kuroki et al. 2022:177 [ref. 39912], Çiçek et al. 2023:455 [ref. 40601], Çiçek et al. 2023:330 [ref. 40625], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2023:30 [ref. 40667], Nagy et al. 2023:356 [ref. 40348], Saad et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40501], Shumka et al. 2023:36 [ref. 40747], Çiçek et al. 2024:33 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: larvae in Sargasso Sea and Gulf Stream; eastern Atlantic, Baltic Sea, North Sea, White Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, Black Sea: European seas and adjacent watersheds, spawning and larval migration routes to and from the western Atlantic. Introduced in the Caspian Sea basin. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

anguilla, Nemachilus Annandale [N.] 1919:127, Pls. 1 (fig. 3), 3 (fig. 1) [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 16 (pt 1); ref. 15202] Yenna River at Medha, Satara District, Maharashtra (Mumbai Presidency), India. Holotype: ZSI, Kolkatta, F9692/1. Paratypes: ZSI uncat. (2). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:121 [ref. 20743], Menon 1987:156 [ref. 14149]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. See Das 2003:363 [ref. 27706]. •Valid as Nemacheilus anguilla Annandale 1919 -- (Menon 1987:154 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:469 [ref. 20764], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:435 [ref. 23187], Menon 1999:183 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus, Yadav 2000:41 [ref. 25661], Yadav 2003:16 [ref. 27711], Arunachalam & Muralidharan 2007:2724 [ref. 29138], Arunachalam & Muralidharan 2009:148 [ref. 30462], Bleher 2018:160 [ref. 36647]). •Valid as 'Nemacheilus' anguilla Annandale 1919 -- (Kottelat 2012:90 [ref. 32367], Šlechtová et al. 2021:[11] [ref. 38212]). Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus anguilla Annandale 1919. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Western Ghats, Maharashtra and Karnataka, India. Habitat: freshwater.

anguillaris, Tribranchus Peters [W. (C. H.)] in Müller 1846:193, footnote [Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin for 1844; ref. 13283] Perhaps available, very brief description in footnote. •Synonym of Anguilla mossambica (Peters 1852) -- (Ege 1939:90 [ref. 13172]). •Name only, not available -- (Castle 1984:36 [ref. 6171]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla mossambica (Peters 1852). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

anguillechien, Muraena anguilla Schneider [J. G.] in Bloch & Schneider 1801:560 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] No locality [Seine River, France]. No types known. Based on "Anguille chien" (variety of Muraena anguilla Linnaeus 1758) of Lacepède 1800:263 [ref. 2709]. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:20 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

angustidens, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1846:49, Pl. 7 (fig. 39) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] No locality. Holotype (unique): MNHN B-3153. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:93 [ref. 20810]. Appeared first as name only in Kaup 1856:56 [ref. 2572]. •Synonym of Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel 1846 -- (Kottelat 2013:38 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel 1846. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

argentea, Muraena Lesueur [C. A.] 1817:82 [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 1 (pt 1, no. 5) (19 Aug.); ref. 17509] Boston Harbor, Massachutsetts, U.S.A. No types known. •Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817) -- (Ege 1939:89 [ref. 13172], Smith 1989:34 [ref. 13285], Scott & Crossman 1998:628 [ref. 24570], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27061], Denys et al. 2022:388 [ref. 40085]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

arracana, Anguilla McClelland [J.] 1844:178, 202, 209, Pl. 6 (fig. 2) [Calcutta Journal of Natural History v. 5 (no. 18); ref. 2928] Sandoway, Arrakan, Myanmar. Syntypes: SMF 768 (2). •Questionably a synonym of Anguilla nebulosa McClelland 1844 -- (Ege 1939:36 [ref. 13172]). •Synonym of Anguilla bengalensis (Gray 1831) -- (Menon 1999:5 [ref. 24904], Kottelat 2013:37 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla bengalensis (Gray 1831). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

aterrima, Anguilla Rafinesque [C. S.] 1820:245 [Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine: a monthly publ., devoted to literature and science, Lexington, KY v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 5088] Tennessee River, Cumberland River, etc., U.S.A. No types known. Also in Rafinesque 1820:78 [ref. 3592]. •Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817) -- (Ege 1939:89 [ref. 13172], Smith 1989:34 [ref. 13285], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27061], Denys et al. 2022:388 [ref. 40085]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

aucklandii, Anguilla Richardson [J.] 1848:113, Pl. 45 (figs. 7-13) [Ichthyology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus & Terror v. 2 (2); ref. 3740] Auckland Islands, New Zealand. Syntypes: BMNH 1848.3.18.230-231 (?). •Synonym of Anguilla dieffenbachii Gray 1842 -- (Ege 1939:90 [ref. 13172] as dieffenbachi). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla dieffenbachii Gray 1842. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

australis, Anguilla Richardson [J.] 1841:22 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1841 (pt 9); ref. 18626] Port Arthur, Tasmania, Australia; Auckland Island Southern Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1848.3.18.236. Also described in Richardson 1844:157 [ref. 20295]. •Valid as Anguilla australis subspecies australis Richardson 1841 -- (Hammer et al. 2012:63 [ref. 32389]). •Valid as Anguilla australis Richardson 1841 -- (Ege 1939:152 [ref. 13172], Cadwallader & Backhouse 1983:53 [ref. 25473], Paxton et al. 1989:122 [ref. 12442], Paulin et al. 1989:67 [ref. 24556], Kuiter 1993:29 [ref. 23929], Gomon et al. 1994:203 [ref. 22532], Aoyama et al. 1996:374 [ref. 24707], Beumer in McDowall 1996:39 [ref. 22909], Chilcott & Humphries 1996:145 [ref. 25528], McDowall et al. 1998:2 [ref. 23822], Marquet & Mary 1999:31 [ref. 23933], Smith 1999:1633 [ref. 24661], Johnson 1999:721 [ref. 25471], Fuller et al. 1999:37 [ref. 25838], Hutchins 2001:16 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2002:60 [ref. 25930], Larson & Pidgeon 2004:196 [ref. 28107], Hammer & Walker 2004:88 [ref. 28129], Hoese & Gates 2006:236 [ref. 28997], Gomon 2008:157 [ref. 30616], Teng et al. 2009:817 [ref. 30569], Fricke et al. 2011:348 [ref. 31242], McDowall et al. 2015:221 [ref. 34232], Kuiter 2018:11 [ref. 36369], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Kuroki et al. 2022:177 [ref. 39912]). Current status: Valid as Anguilla australis Richardson 1841. Anguillidae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific. Introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

avisotis, Anguilla Richardson [J.] 1845:no p., Pl. 51 (fig. 1) [Ichthyology.--Part 2. The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur; ref. 20574] Canton, China. No types known. Available from plate. Text in Richardson 1845:104 [ref. 20275]. Based solely on illustration by Reeves (see Whitehead 1970:297 [ref. 11606]). Anguillidae.

bengalensis, Muraena Gray [J. E.] 1831:no page number, Pl. 95 (fig. 5) [Illustrations of Indian zoology; ref. 1878] India. No types known. •Questionably a synonym of Anguilla nebulosa McClelland 1844 -- (Ege 1939:36 [ref. 13172]). •Valid as Anguilla bengalensis (Gray 1831) subspecies bengalensis -- (Abdul Kadir et al. 2017:103 [ref. 35571], Kuroki et al. 2022:179 [ref. 39912]). •Valid as Anguilla bengalensis (Gray 1831) -- (Shrestha 1978:40 [ref. 15970], Ataur Rahman 1989:41 [ref. 24860], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:74 [ref. 20764], Skelton 1993:107 [ref. 24071], Zacharias et al. 1996:41 [ref. 25526], Manimekalan 1998:434 [ref. 24989], Fricke 1999:37 [ref. 24106], Menon 1999:5 [ref. 24904], Raju Thomas et al. 2000:444 [ref. 25319], Bijukumar & Sushama 2000:184 [ref. 25703], Skelton 2001:107 [ref. 27406], Raju Thomas et al. 2002:49 [ref. 26359], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S94 [ref. 27377], Khan 2003:6 [ref. 27710] with author as Gray and Hardwicke, Seegers et al. 2003:30 [ref. 28087] with subspecies, Ataur Rahman 2003:55[ref. 31338], Snoeks 2004:20 [ref. 28111], Shrestha 2008:43 [ref. 29923] as subspecies, Teng et al. 2009:817 [ref. 30569], Conway et al. 2011:1756 [ref. 31594], Marshall 2011:62 [ref. 31755] with 2 subspecies, Gurung et al. 2013:4482 [ref. 32969], Kottelat 2013:37 [ref. 32989], Suresh et al. 2018:56 [ref. 36495], Arndt & Fricke 2019:9 [ref. 36883], Ng et al. 2019:519 [ref. 36606], Freyhof et al. 2020:110 [ref. 37658], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 5 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:287 [ref. 37272], Jamaluddin et al. 2022:[5] [ref. 39245], Smith 2022:84 [ref. 39684], Tudu et al. 2022:43 [ref. 40484], Esmaeili & Hamidan 2023:205 [ref. 40377], Çiçek et al. 2024:34 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Anguilla bengalensis (Gray 1831). Anguillidae. Distribution: Indian Ocean and adjacent freshwater habitats: South Africa north to Kenya, east to Malaysia, north to Nepal. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

bibroni, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1856:54 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 22 (pt. 1); ref. 2572] Sicily, Italy. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-3760 (1), 0000-3779 (3). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:93 [ref. 20810]. Also in Kaup 1856:33, Pl. 3 (fig. 16) [ref. 2573]. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:221 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:152 [ref. 13454], Tesch 1991:389 [ref. 24843], Kottelat 1997:35 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

bicolor, Anguilla McClelland [J.] 1844:178, 202, 209, Pl. 6 (fig. 1) [Calcutta Journal of Natural History v. 5 (no. 18); ref. 2928] Sandoway, Malay coast, India. Syntypes: SMF 776 (1). •Valid as Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844 -- (Ege 1939:151 [ref. 13172], Castle 1984:34 [ref. 6171], Castle 1986:160 [ref. 5644], Paxton et al. 1989:123 [ref. 12442], Allen 1991:39 [ref. 21090], Pethiyagoda 1991:44 [ref. 20075], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:75 [ref. 20764], Kottelat et al. 1993:7 [ref. 23448], Skelton 1993:106 [ref. 24071], Quéro & Saldanha 1995:63 [ref. 22017], Zhu 1995:18 [ref. 25213], Rainboth 1996:57 [ref. 22772], Reinthal & Stiassny 1997:354 [ref. 22780], Fricke 1999:37 [ref. 24106], Keith et al. 1999:74 [ref. 24548], Smith 1999:1634 [ref. 24661], Menon 1999:6 [ref. 24904], Allen et al. 2000:29 [ref. 27467], Hutchins 2001:16 [ref. 25847], Skelton 2001:106 [ref. 27406], Allen et al. 2002:61 [ref. 25930], Raju Thomas et al. 2002:49 [ref. 26359], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S94 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:610 [ref. 27495], Seegers et al. 2003:30 [ref. 28087], Morgan et al. 2004:150 [ref. 27718], Heemstra et al. 2004:3316 [ref. 27945] dated 1845, Watanabe et al. 2005:677 [ref. 39169] subspecies bicolor, Hoese & Gates 2006:236 [ref. 28997], Allen et al. 2008:34 [ref. 30265], Tan & Kottelat 2009:25 [ref. 30261], Fricke et al. 2009:13 [ref. 30213], Teng et al. 2009:817 [ref. 30569], Zhang et al. 2010:180 [ref. 31511], Morgan et al. 2011:10 [ref. 31262], Marshall 2011:59 [ref. 31755], Larson et al. 2013:24 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:37 [ref. 32989], Morgan et al. 2014:11 [ref. 36567], Zhang et al. 2016:46 [ref. 34477], Miesen et al. 2016:80 [ref. 34492], Pusey et al. 2017:16 [ref. 35250], Abdul Kadir et al. 2017:103 [ref. 35571], Fricke et al. 2018:30 [ref. 35805], Suresh et al. 2018:57 [ref. 36495], Arndt & Fricke 2019:10 [ref. 36883], Ng et al. 2019:518 [ref. 36606], Zajonz et al. 2019:61 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 5 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:287 [ref. 37272], Freyhof et al. 2020:113 [ref. 37658], Amick & Toko 2021:4 [ref. 38599], Fu et al. 2021:9567 [ref. 39347], Taki et al. 2021:46 [ref. 39830], Eudeline 2022:128 [ref. 39191] as bicolor bicolor, Jamaluddin et al. 2022:[5] [ref. 39245], Kuroki et al. 2022:176 [ref. 39912], Smith 2022:85 [ref. 39684], Zajonz et al. 2022:38 [ref. 40522], Esmaeili & Hamidan 2023:206 [ref. 40377], Jamandre 2023:159 [ref. 40455], Çiçek et al. 2024:34 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844. Anguillidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Mayotte (France), Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to China, Philippines and New Britain (Papua New Guinea), south to northern Western Australia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

bleekeri, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1856:56, Pl. 9 (fig. 45) [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 22 (pt. 1); ref. 2572] India. Holotype: MNHN B-2099. Paratypes: MNHN B-3124 [ex B-2099]. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:93 [ref. 20810]. Appeared first as name only in Kaup 1856:56 [ref. 2572]. •Synonym of Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844 -- (Ege 1939:151 [ref. 13172], Castle 1984:35 [ref. 6171], Kottelat 2013:37 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

blephura, Anguilla Rafinesque [C. S.] 1817:120 [American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 18584] Southwestern shore of Long Island, New York, U.S.A. No types known. As name only in Ref 1817:453 [ref. 18585]. •Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817) -- (Ege 1939:89 [ref. 13172], Smith 1986:62 [ref. 22186], Smith 1989:34 [ref. 13285], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27061], Denys et al. 2022:388 [ref. 40085]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

borneensis, Anguilla Popta [C. M. L.] 1924:73 [Zoologische Mededeelingen (Leiden) v. 8 (no. 2) (art. 7); ref. 15466] Bo River, eastern Borneo. Syntypes: RMNH 7654 (2). •Synonym of Anguilla malgumora Kaup 1856 -- (authors). •Valid as Anguilla borneensis Popta 1924 -- (Ege 1939:89 [ref. 13172], Kottelat et al. 1993:7 [ref. 23448], Huang et al. 2001:42 [ref. 25846], Watanabe et al. 2005:677 [ref. 39169], Kottelat 2013:38 [ref. 32989], Watanabe et al. 2014:568 [ref. 35475], Wilkinson & Tan 2018:597 [ref. 36226], Kuroki et al. 2022:177 [ref. 39912], Jamandre 2023:159 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Anguilla borneensis Popta 1924. Anguillidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: northeast Borneo and western Philippines. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

bostoniensis, Muraena Lesueur [C. A.] 1817:81 [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 1 (pt 1, no. 5) (19 Aug.); ref. 17509] Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. No types known. •Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817) -- (Ege 1939:89 [ref. 13172], Smith 1986:62 [ref. 22186], Smith 1989:34 [ref. 13285], Scott & Crossman 1998:628 [ref. 24570], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:96 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:128 [ref. 25013], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27061], Denys et al. 2022:388 [ref. 40085]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

breviceps, Anguilla Chu [Y.-T.] & Jin [Y.-T.] in Chu 1984:183, Fig. 122 [ ref. 8173] Fuchow, China. Holotype (unique): SFC 57-2318. •Synonym of Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel 1846 -- (Zhang et al. 2010:178 [ref. 31511], Zhang et al. 2016:46 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel 1846. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

brevirostris, Anguilla McClelland [J.] 1844:177, 202, 208, Pl. 5 (fig. 1) [Calcutta Journal of Natural History v. 5 (no. 18); ref. 2928] Bengal, India and Arrakan, Burma. Syntypes: lost. •Questionably a synonym of Anguilla nebulosa McClelland 1844 -- (Ege 1939:36 [ref. 13172]). •Synonym of Anguilla bengalensis (Gray 1831) -- (Menon 1999:5 [ref. 24904], Kottelat 2013:37 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla bengalensis (Gray 1831). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

brevirostris, Anguilla Cisternas [R.] 1877:108 [Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, Madrid v. 6 (for 7 Mar. 1877); ref. 14239] Valencia, Spain. No types known. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:221 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:152 [ref. 13454], Tesch 1991:389 [ref. 24843], Kottelat 1997:36 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

brevirostris, Leptocephalus Kaup [J. J.] 1857:150, Pl. 18 (fig. 15) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Holotype: MNHN 0000-2901. Possible types: BMNH 1860.9.31.4 (1), ZMB 4742 (1) Messina. Type catalog: Bertin 1935:100 [ref. 21550], Bauchot et al. 1993:120 [ref. 20810]. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Anguilla by Anguilla brevirostris Cisternas 1877. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:221 [ref. 7185], Smith 1989:899 [ref. 13285], Smith 1990:152 [ref. 13454], Tesch 1991:390 [ref. 24843], Kottelat 1997:36 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37983]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

caeca, Anguilla Smith [H. M.] 1904:121, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 17; ref. 10233] Western Atlantic, 60 miles south of Noman's Land, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 51483 (lost). Type lost; unidentifiable (D. G. Smith, pers. Comm. 12/2000). Anguillidae. Habitat: marine.

callensis, Anguilla Guichenot [A.] 1850:111, Pl. 7 (fig. 1) [Histoire naturelle des reptiles et poissons; ref. 1940] La Calle, Algeria, western Mediterranean Sea. Syntypes: (10) MNHN 0000-3160 (5), 0000-3220 (1), 0000-3774 (4). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:93-94 [ref. 20810]. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:221 [ref. 7185], Castle 1984:34 [ref. 6171], Smith 1990:151 [ref. 13454], Tesch 1991:389 [ref. 24843], Kottelat 1997:35 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

canariensis, Anguilla Valenciennes [A.] 1843:88, Pl. 20 (fig. 1) [Ichthyologie des îles Canaries v. 2 (pt 2); ref. 4502] Teneriffe, Canary Islands. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-3783. Paralectotypes: MNHN 0000-3784 (3). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:94 [ref. 20810] as holotype and paratypes, but no type was established originally. Lectotype designated by Eschmeyer 1998:316 [ref. 23416]. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:220 [ref. 7185], Castle 1984:34 [ref. 6171], Smith 1990:151 [ref. 13454], Kottelat 1997:35 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:20 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

cantori, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1857:52, Pl. 9 (fig. 46) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Mumbai, India. Syntypes: ?MNHN B-3125 [ex MNHN 0000-3207], 0000-3207 (1),. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:94 [ref. 20810]. Appeared first as name only in Kaup 1856:56 [ref. 2572]. •Synonym of Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844 -- (Ege 1939:151 [ref. 13172], Castle 1984:35 [ref. 6171], Kottelat 2013:37 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

canutus, Apristurus Springer [S.] & Heemstra [P. C.] in Springer 1979:16, Figs. 10-13 [NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Technical Report NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) Circular No. 422; ref. 4175] Leeward Islands near Anguilla, Lesser Antilles, 18°18'N, 63°23'W, Caribbean Sea, Oregon II station 10834, depth 687 meters. Holotype: USNM 206176. Paratypes: USNM 206180 (5). Type catalog: Howe & Springer 1993:5 [ref. 21812]. •Valid as Apristurus canutus Springer & Heemstra 1979 -- (Compagno 1984:263 [ref. 6846], Nakaya & Sato 1998:155 [ref. 23477], Nakaya & Stehmann 1998:78 [ref. 23495], Nakaya & Sato 1999:316 [ref. 23941], Nakaya & Séret 1999:307 [ref. 24247], Compagno 1999:478 [ref. 25589], Compagno 2003:450 [ref. 26984], Kiraly et al. 2003:13 [ref. 28226], Iglésias & Nakaya 2004:218 [ref. 27975], Iglésias et al. 2004:355 [ref. 28061], Nakaya et al. 2008:68 [ref. 29711], Castro 2011:299 [ref. 31457], Kawauchi et al. 2014:12 [ref. 33554], Weigmann 2016:30 [ref. 34211], Ehemann et al. 2019:[3] [ref. 36861], Robertson et al. 2020:160 [ref. 38098], Page et al. 2023:38 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Apristurus canutus Springer & Heemstra 1979. Pentanchidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: including Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

capensis, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1859:18, Pl. 2 (fig. 3) [Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften herausgegeben von dem Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg v. 4 (no. 2); ref. 2586] Holotype (unique): ZSM [old collection] destroyed in WWII. Type catalog: Neumann 2006:265 [ref. 28925]. •Synonym of Anguilla mossambica (Peters 1852) -- (Ege 1939:90 [ref. 13172] with question, Castle 1984:37 [ref. 6171]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla mossambica (Peters 1852). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

capensis, Anguilla Castelnau [F. L.] 1861:73 [Mémoire sur les poissons de l'Afrique australe; ref. 767] Grand Namaquois (Namaquas), South Africa. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-2337. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:94 [ref. 20810]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Anguilla capensis Kaup 1860. •Synonym of Anguilla mossambica (Peters 1852) -- (Bauchot et al. 1993:94 [ref. 20810]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Anguilla mossambica (Peters 1852). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

capitone, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1857:34, Pl. 3 (fig. 17) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Naples, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-3762. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:94 [ref. 20810]. Appeared first without description in Kaup 1856:55 [ref. 2572]. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:221 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:152 [ref. 13454], Tesch 1991:389 [ref. 24843], Kottelat 1997:35 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

celebesensis, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1857:42, Pl. 6 (fig. 31) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Lake Tondano, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-2150. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:94 [ref. 20810]. •Valid as Anguilla celebesensis Kaup 1857 -- (Ege 1939:10 [ref. 13172], Kottelat et al. 1993:7 [ref. 23448], Aoyama et al. 1996:374 [ref. 24707], Smith 1999:1634 [ref. 24661], Aoyama et al. 2000:159 [ref. 24529], Huang et al. 2001:42 [ref. 25846], Larson & Pidgeon 2004:196 [ref. 28107], Watanabe et al. 2005:677 [ref. 39169], Teng et al. 2009:817 [ref. 30569], Watanabe et al. 2009:387 [ref. 30611], Kottelat 2013:38 [ref. 32989] dated 1857, Ho et al. 2015:142 [ref. 34130], Miesen et al. 2016:80 [ref. 34492], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 5 [ref. 38321], Kuroki et al. 2022:178 [ref. 39912], Jamandre 2023:159 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Anguilla celebesensis Kaup 1857. Anguillidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Philippines to central Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

chrisypa, Anguilla Rafinesque [C. S.] 1817:120 [American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 18584] Lake George, Lake Champlain, and Hudson River above the Falls, U.S.A. No types known. Spelled chrysypa in early literature. •Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817) -- (Ege 1939:89 [ref. 13172] as chrysypoa, Smith 1986:62 [ref. 22186] as chrysypa, Smith 1989:34 [ref. 13285], Scott & Crossman 1998:628 [ref. 24570] as chrysypa, Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:96 [ref. 24550] as chrysypa, Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:243 [ref. 25013], Ross et al. 2001:101 [ref. 25978], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27061], Boschung & Mayden 2004:129 [ref. 27995], Denys et al. 2022:388 [ref. 40085]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

cloacina, Anguilla Bonaparte [C. L.] 1846:38 [Atti della Settima Adunanza degli Scienziati Italiani Sesta Riunione, Milano 7a Adunanza, Napoli, Part 2; ref. 519] France. No types known. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:220 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:151 [ref. 13454], Kottelat 1997:35 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:20 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

conger, Anguilla Shaw [G.] 1803:20 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Mediterranean Sea, North Sea. No types known. •Evidently a synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

cubana, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1857:44 [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Cuba. Holotype (unique): MNHN B-2105. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:94 [ref. 20810]. Appeared first as name only in Kaup 1856:55 [ref. 2572]. •Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817) -- (Ege 1939:90 [ref. 13172], Smith 1989:34 [ref. 13285], Bauchot et al. 1993:94 [ref. 20810], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27061], Denys et al. 2022:388 [ref. 40085]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

cuvieri, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1856:54 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 22 (pt. 1); ref. 2572] Abbeville, France. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-3758 (2), 0000-3759 (7). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:94 [ref. 20810]. Also in Kaup 1856:33 [ref. 2573]. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Smith 1990:152 [ref. 13454], Tesch 1991:389 [ref. 24843], Kottelat 1997:35 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

delalandi, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1857:50, Pl. 8 (fig. 41) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Great Fish River, Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Holotype (unique): MNHN (not found). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:124 [ref. 20810]. Appeared first without description in Kaup 1856:55 [ref. 2572]. •Synonym of Anguilla mossambica (Peters 1852) -- (Ege 1939:90 [ref. 13172], Castle 1984:37 [ref. 6171], Castle 1986:161 [ref. 5644], Fricke et al. 2018:31 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla mossambica (Peters 1852). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

dieffenbachii, Anguilla Gray [J. E.] 1842:73 [Zoological Miscellany [No. 1]; ref. 18157] River Thames, New Zealand. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1965.11.5.9. •Valid as Anguilla dieffenbachii Gray 1842 -- (Ege 1939:90 [ref. 13172], Paulin et al. 1989:67 [ref. 24556], McDowall et al. 1998:1 [ref. 23822], Huang et al. 2001:42 [ref. 25846], Watanabe et al. 2005:677 [ref. 39169], Teng et al. 2009:817 [ref. 30569], Watanabe et al. 2014:574 [ref. 35475], McDowall et al. 2015:222 [ref. 34232], Kuroki et al. 2022:177 [ref. 39912]). Current status: Valid as Anguilla dieffenbachii Gray 1842. Anguillidae. Distribution: New Zealand. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

dussumieri, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1857:51, Pl. 8 (fig. 43) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Mahé, Malabar, India. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-3209. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:95 [ref. 20810]. Appeared first without distinguishing features in Kaup 1856:56 [ref. 2572]. •Synonym of Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844 -- (Ege 1939:151 [ref. 13172], Castle 1984:35 [ref. 6171], Kottelat 2013:37 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

elphinstonei, Anguilla Sykes [W. H.] 1839:165 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1838 (pt 6) (for 27 Nov. 1838); ref. 18720] Deccan, India. Appeared first as above, then in Sykes 1839:62 [ref. 4306]; more complete treatment in Sykes 1841:377, Pl. 67 (fig. 3) [ref. 18868]. •Questionably a synonym of Anguilla nebulosa McClelland 1844 -- (Ege 1939:36 [ref. 13172]). •Synonym of Anguilla bengalensis (Gray 1831) -- (Menon 1999:5 [ref. 24904], Kottelat 2013:37 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel 1846 -- (Zhang et al. 2010:178 [ref. 31511]) Current status: Synonym of Anguilla bengalensis (Gray 1831). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

eurylaema, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1857:50, Pl. 8 (fig. 40) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] No locality. Holotype (unique): MNHN (not found). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:124 [ref. 20810]. Appeared first without description in Kaup 1856:56 [ref. 2572]. Anguillidae.

eurystoma, Anguilla Heckel [J. J.] & Kner [R.] 1857:325, Fig. 168 [Die Süsswasserfische der Österreichischen Monarchie; ref. 2078] Dalmatia, Croatia, Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea). Syntypes: (2) NMW 9284 (1). •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:221 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:152 [ref. 13454], Tesch 1991:389 [ref. 24843], Kottelat 1997:36 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

fasciata, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1857:48, Pl. 7 (fig. 37) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] No locality. Holotype (unique): RMNH ancient collection (whereabouts unknown). Appeared first without distinguishing features in Kaup 1856:56 [ref. 2572]. Anguillidae.

fidjiensis, Anguilla Günther [A.] 1870:26 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 8; ref. 1995] Fiji Islands: Kandavu, Nairai. Syntypes: (2) BMNH 1869.11.12.59 (1). •Synonym of Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard 1824 -- (Ege 1939:36 [ref. 13172], Okada 1961:592 [ref. 6363], Kottelat 2013:38 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard 1824. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

fluviatilis, Anguilla Anslijn [N.] 1828:226, Pl. 93 [Systematische Beschrijving der voor ons meest belangrijke visschen.; ref. 13455] •Unneeded new name for Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:220 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:151 [ref. 13454], Kottelat 1997:35 [ref. 22952], Parin et al. 2014:47 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

fluviatilis, Anguilla Gistel [J.] 1848:104 [Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs; ref. 1822] Der Gauzen Erde. No types known. Perhaps not an original description. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:20 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

foochowensis, Anguilla Chu [Y.-T.] & Jin [Y.-T.] in Chu 1984:187, Fig. 126 [ ref. 8173] Fuzhou [Fuchow], China. Holotype (unique): SFC 57-4104. •Synonym of Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844 -- (Zhang et al. 2010:180 [ref. 31511]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

grassii, Leptocephalus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.] 1902:84, Figs. 1, 1a-b [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 21 (1901); ref. 11071] Atlantic, Albatross station 2103, 38°47'20"N, 72°37'W, depth 0-1091 fathoms; 38°25'N, 72°40'W. Syntypes USNM 49751-52 (1, 1). Type catalog: Smith 1994:3 [ref. 21917]. Appeared as Leptocephalus grassii, sp. nov. = Anguilla chrysypa. •Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817) -- (Smith 1989:35, 898 [ref. 13285], Scott & Crossman 1998:628 [ref. 24570], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27061], Denys et al. 2022:389 [ref. 40085]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

guiseau, Muraena anguilla Schneider [J. G.] in Bloch & Schneider 1801:560 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] "Sequanam" [Seine River, northern France]. No types known. Based on "Guiseau" (variety of Muraena anguilla Linnaeus 1758) of Lacepède 1800:262 [ref. 2709]. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:20 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

halmaherensis, Muraena Bleeker [P.] 1863:158 [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 1; ref. 17001] Galéla, Halmahera, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844 -- (Ege 1939:151 [ref. 13172], Kottelat 2013:37 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

hibernica, Anguilla Couch [J.] 1865:328, Pl. 235 [The history of the fishes of the British islands v. 4; ref. 18055] Liffey River, Dublin, Ireland. No types known. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:221 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:152 [ref. 13454], Tesch 1991:389 [ref. 24843], Kottelat 1997:36 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

hildebrandti, Anguilla Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1881:19 [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1881 (no. 2) (for 15 Feb. 1881); ref. 18546] Northwestern Madagascar. Holotype: ZMB 11385. Paratypes: ?MNHN 1880-0508 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:95 [ref. 20810] but as MNHN A.4146, holotype, for Sauvage 1891:499; Fricke et al. 2018:31 [ref. 35805]. •Synonym of Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard 1824 -- (Ege 1939:36 [ref. 13172], Castle 1984:36 [ref. 6171], Kottelat 2013:38 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2018:31 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard 1824. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

huangi, Anguilla Teng [H.-Y.], Lin [Y.-S.] & Tzeng [C.-S.] 2009:812, Figs. 1-2 [Zoological Studies v. 48 (no. 6); ref. 30569] Cagayan River, Luzon Island, Philippines. Holotype: ASIZP 0069360. Paratypes: ASIZP 0069361-9 (9). Anguilla huangi was published Nov. 2009, luzonensis Mar. 2009. •Synonym of Anguilla luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama & Tsukamoto 2009 -- (Kottelat 2013:38 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:46 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama & Tsukamoto 2009. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater.

immaculata, Anguilla (Ophisurus) Swainson [W.] 1839:334 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Estuaries near Calcutta, India. Based on Gray, Ind. Zool. i. pl. 91. fig. 1 -- which is Gray 1832:Pl. 91 (fig. 1) [ref. 1878]. •Synonym of Pisodonophis boro (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 2013:47 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Pisodonophis boro (Hamilton 1822). Ophichthidae: Ophichthinae. Habitat: marine.

inferior, Leptocephalus Shen [S.-C.] 1963:261, Figs. 1-3 [Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum (Taipei) v. 16 (nos 3-4); ref. 5280] Estuary of the Tam-sui River, northern Taiwan. Syntypes: NTUM uncat. (2). Type catalog: Ho & Shao 2011:63 [ref. 31432]. •Larvae, may belong to a species of Anguilla -- (Ho & Shao 2011:63 [ref. 31432]). Anguillidae. Habitat: marine.

interioris, Anguilla Whitley [G. P.] 1938:224, Fig. 1 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 20 (no. 3); ref. 4693] Gumanj, a tributary of Wahgi River, Mt. Hagen District, upper Purari River, central New Guinea, elevation 5700 feet. Holotype (unique): AMS IA.6075. •Synonym of Anguilla reinhardti Steindachner 1867 -- (Allen 1991:41 [ref. 21090]). •Valid as Anguilla interioris Whitley 1938 -- (Ege 1939:10 [ref. 13172], Aoyama et al. 2000:159 [ref. 24529], Smith 1999:1634 [ref. 24661], Huang et al. 2001:42 [ref. 25846], Watanabe et al. 2005:677 [ref. 39169], Teng et al. 2009:817 [ref. 30569], Watanabe et al. 2009:387 [ref. 30611], Kottelat 2013:38 [ref. 32989] with question, Miesen et al. 2016:80 [ref. 34492], Keith et al. 2021:20 [ref. 38257], Kuroki et al. 2022:178 [ref. 39912], Jamandre 2023:159 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Anguilla interioris Whitley 1938. Anguillidae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Sumatra (Indonesia) east to Philippines and New Guinea. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

isinglaena, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1856:50, Pl. 8 (fig. 40) [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 22 (pt. 1); ref. 2572] No locality. Original not seen; still researching. Anguillidae.

japonica, Anguilla Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1846:258, Pl. 13 (fig. 1) [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Japan. Lectotype: RMNH 3661a. Paralectotypes: RMNH 3659 (1), 3660 (2), 3661b (1). Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:185 [ref. 12876]. On the Official List of specific names, Opinion 901. •Valid as Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel 1846 -- (Ege 1939:89 [ref. 13172], Kuroda 1953:277 [ref. 39545], Okada 1961:589 [ref. 6363], Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:21 [ref. 6441], Wang 1984:10 [ref. 22951], Kuang & Yu in Kuang et al. 1986:27 [ref. 26639], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:47 [ref. 25598], Zheng et al. 1989:34 [ref. 21202], Kuang in Pan et al. 1991:53 [ref. 23876], Ding 1994:41 [ref. 21531], Zhu 1995:18 [ref. 25213], Aoyama et al. 1996:374 [ref. 24707], Tagliavini et al. 1996:271 [ref. 25516], Chen et al. 1997:18 [ref. 26476], Cheng & Zhou 1997:96 [ref. 26385], Kim 1997:144 [ref. 24032], Takahashi et al. 1997:42 [ref. 24971] as jaonica, Chen in Chen 1998:40 [ref. 23556], Sato et al. 1998:30 [ref. 24972], Smith 1999:1635 [ref. 24661], Mizuno et al. 1999:5 [ref. 25311], Fuller et al. 1999:36 [ref. 25838], Nakabo 2000:192 [ref. 25086], Matsuura et al. 2000:16 [ref. 26000], Huang et al. 2001:42 [ref. 25846], Kottelat 2001:13 [ref. 25482], Pietsch et al. 2001:139 [ref. 25688], Sakai et al. 2001:85 [ref. 25693], Tang et al. 2001:12 [ref. 25373], Wang et al. 2001:187 [ref. 26566] dated 1847, Kim & Park 2002:42 [ref. 25913], Nakabo 2002:192 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:141, 489 [ref. 26218], Hagiwara 2003:34 [ref. 27188], Jang et al. 2003:119 [ref. 27681], Watanabe et al. 2005:677 [ref. 39169], Teng et al. 2009:817 [ref. 30569], Yonezawa et al. 2010:250 [ref. 30902], Motomura et al. 2010:70 [ref. 31256], Zhang et al. 2010:178 [ref. 31511], Ho & Shao 2011: 21 [ref. 31432], Psomadakis et al. 2012:15 [ref. 33457], Kottelat 2013:38 [ref. 32989] dated 1847, Watanabe et al. 2014:574 [ref. 35475], Ho et al. 2015:7 [ref. 34116], Ho et al. 2015:142 [ref. 34130], Zhang et al. 2016:46 [ref. 34477], Koeda et al. 2016:6 [ref. 35333], Zhang et al. 2019:125 [ref. 36699], Kim et al. 2020:51 [ref. 39118], Guo 2021:79 [ref. 38617], Kuroki et al. 2022:173 [ref. 39912], Jamandre 2023:159 [ref. 40455], Yamamoto et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40214]). Current status: Valid as Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel 1846. Anguillidae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

johannae, Anguilla Günther [A.] in Playfair & Günther 1867:124, fig'd. [The fishes of Zanzibar; ref. 3490] Johanna Island, Anjouan Island, Comoro Islands. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1867.3.9.419 (stuffed). •Synonym of Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard 1824 -- (Ege 1939:36 [ref. 13172], Okada 1961:592 [ref. 6363], Castle 1984:36 [ref. 6171], Kottelat 2013:38 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2018:30 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard 1824. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

kieneri, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1856:54 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 22 (pt. 1); ref. 2572] Toulon, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Holotype: MNHN 0000-3757. Type information: Bauchot et al. 1993:95 [ref. 20810]. Also in Kaup 1856:22, Fig. 15 [ref. 2573]. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:221 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:152 [ref. 13454], Tesch 1991:389 [ref. 24843], Kottelat 1997:35 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

labiata, Muraena (Anguilla) Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1852:684 [Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1852; ref. 18539] Zambezi and Licuare River, Mozambique. Syntypes: ZMB 6227 (1), 6228 (3, now 2). Also in Peters 1868:94, Pl. 17 [ref. 3440] as anguilla labiata. •Synonym of Anguilla nebulosa McClelland 1844, but a valid subspecies -- (Ege 1939:36 [ref. 13172]). •Synonym of Anguilla bengalensis (Gray 1831), but a valid subspecies labita (Peters 1852) -- (Castle 1984:34 [ref. 6171], Castle 1986:160 [ref. 5644], Skelton 1993:107 [ref. 24071], Fricke 1999:37 [ref. 24106], Keith et al. 1999:72 [ref. 24548], Skelton 2001:107 [ref. 27406], Seegers et al. 2003:30 [ref. 28087], Snoeks 2004:20 [ref. 28111], Teng et al. 2009:817 [ref. 30569], Marshall 2011:59 [ref. 31755], Kottelat 2013:37 [ref. 32989], Kuroki et al. 2022:179 [ref. 39912]). •Valid as Anguilla labiata (Peters 1852) -- (Fricke et al. 2009:13 [ref. 30213]). Current status: Valid as Anguilla labiata (Peters 1852). Anguillidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean and Africa: South African, East African, Réunion and Mauritius (western Mascarenes) watersheds and adjacent waters of Western Indian Ocean. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

labrosa, Anguilla Richardson [J.] 1848:113 [Ichthyology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus & Terror v. 2 (2); ref. 3740] South Seas. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1848.5.18.198. •Synonym of Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard 1824 -- (Ege 1939:36 [ref. 13172], Okada 1961:592 [ref. 6363], Kottelat 2013:38 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard 1824. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

laticanda, Anguilla Rafinesque [C. S.] 1818:447 [American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review v. 3 (no. 6) (art. 6) (Oct.); ref. 3587] Ohio River, Wabash River, Green River, etc., U.S.A. No types known. Spelled laticanda twice but laticauda intended based on subsequent use by Rafinesque (e.g., 1820:245 [ref. 5088]). See Smith 1989:35 [ref. 13285] for nomenclatural discussion. •Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817) -- (Ege 1939:89 [ref. 13172], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27061] as laticauda, Denys et al. 2022:388 [ref. 40085] as laticauda). •Probably fictional -- (see Markle 1997:439 [ref. 23370]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

latirostris, Anguilla Risso [A.] 1827:199 [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Holotype (unique): MNHN (not found). •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:220 [ref. 7185], Castle 1984:34 [ref. 6171], Smith 1990:151 [ref. 13454], Tesch 1991:389 [ref. 24843], Kottelat 1997:35 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

latirostris, Anguilla Yarrell [W.] 1836:298 [A history of British fishes; ref. 4812] Great Britain. No types known. Apparently independent of, and preoccupied by Anguilla latirostris Risso 1827; objectively invalid. Appeared earlier as the "Grig" without Latinization in Yarrel 1832 [ref. 17746] and perhaps Jenyns 1835 [ref. 18335] (not researched). 1°Homonym. Anguillidae.

linnei, Anguilla Malm [A. W.] 1877:590 [ ref. 2881] Original as Linnéi. Unneeded replacement name for Muraena anguilla Linnaeus 1758 (to avoid "Strickland tautonomy"). Locality Sweden. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:36 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37983]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

lutea, Anguilla Rafinesque [C. S.] 1820:246 [Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine: a monthly publ., devoted to literature and science, Lexington, KY v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 5088] Cumberland, Green and Licking rivers, U.S.A. No types known. Also in Rafinesque 1820:78 [ref. 3592]. •Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817) -- (Ege 1939:89 [ref. 13172], Smith 1989:34 [ref. 13285], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27061], Denys et al. 2022:388 [ref. 40085]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

luzonensis, Anguilla Watanabe [S.], Aoyama [J.] & Tsukamoto [K.] 2009:389, Fig. 2 [Fisheries Science (Tokyo) v. 75; ref. 30611] Upper reaches of the Pinacanauan River near Saua, north Luzon Island, Philippines. Holotype: NSMT-P 90000. Paratypes: NSMT-P 90001 (1), 90002 (1), 90003 (1), 90004-28 (25). Predates Anguilla huangi Lin & Tzeng 2009 (Nov.); luzonensis published in Mar. 2009. •Valid as Anguilla luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama & Tsukamoto 2009 -- (Kottelat 2013:38 [ref. 32989], Ho et al. 2015:142 [ref. 34130], Zhang et al. 2016:46 [ref. 34477], Kita et al. 2021:32 [ref. 38645], Kuroki et al. 2022:176 [ref. 39912], Jamandre 2023:159 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Anguilla luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama & Tsukamoto 2009. Anguillidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Philippines and Taiwan, north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

macrocephala, Muraena Lesueur [C. A.] 1817:82 [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 1 (pt 1, no. 5) (19 Aug.); ref. 17509] Saratoga, New York; Philadelphia market, U.S.A. No types known. •Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817) -- (Ege 1939:89 [ref. 13172], Smith 1986:62 [ref. 22186], Smith 1989:34 [ref. 13285], Scott & Crossman 1998:628 [ref. 24570], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27061], Denys et al. 2022:388 [ref. 40085]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

macrocephala, Muraena Rapp [W. L. von] 1849:142, Pl. 2 [Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg v. 4; ref. 19492] Umlaas River/Umlazi River, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): SMNS 26204. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Muraena macrocephala Lesueur 1817. •Synonym of Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844 -- (Ege 1939:151 [ref. 13172], Castle 1984:35 [ref. 6171], Kottelat 2013:37 [ref. 32989] with question). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

macrophthalmos, Muraena (Anguilla) Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1852:684 [Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1852; ref. 18539] Tette [Tete], Zambezi River, Mozambique. Holotype (unique): ZMB 6226. Also in Peters 1868:99, Pl. 19 [ref. 3440] as Anguilla macrophthalma. •Synonym of Anguilla nebulosa McClelland 1844, subspecies labiata (Peters 1852) -- (Ege 1939:36 [ref. 13172]). •Synonym of Anguilla bengalensis (Gray 1831) subspecies labiata (Peters 1852) -- (Castle 1984:35 [ref. 6171]). •Synonym of Anguilla bengalensis (Gray 1931) -- (Kottelat 2013:37 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Anguilla labiata (Peters 1852). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla labiata (Peters 1852). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

macrops, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1857:49, Pl. 7 (fig. 38) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] No locality. Holotype (unique): MNHN B-3154. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:95 [ref. 20810]. Appeared first as name only in Kaup 1856:56 [ref. 2572]. •Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817) -- (Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27061], Denys et al. 2022:389 [ref. 40085]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

macroptera, Anguilla McClelland [J.] 1843:407, Pl. 25 (fig. 1) [Calcutta Journal of Natural History v. 4 (no. 4) (for 1844); ref. 2927] Chusan, China. Anguillidae.

maculatus, Anguilla (Pterurus) Swainson [W.] 1839:334 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Ganges, India. Holotype: lost. Based on Ham. p. 25 -- which is Hamilton 1822:25 [ref. 2031]. Unneeded new name for Muraena raitaborus Hamilton 1822. •Objective synonym of Moringua raitaborua (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 2013:40 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Moringua raitaborua (Hamilton 1822). Moringuidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

malabarica, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1857:52, Pl. 9 (fig. 47) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Malabar, India. Holotype: MNHN 0000-3208. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:95 [ref. 20810]. Appeared first as name only in Kaup 1856:56 [ref. 2572]. •Synonym of Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844 -- (Ege 1939:151 [ref. 13172], Castle 1984:35 [ref. 6171], Bauchot et al. 1993:94 [ref. 20810], Kottelat 2013:37 [ref. 32989] dated 1857). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

malgumora, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] (ex Schlegel) 1857:42, Pl. 6 (fig. 30) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Borneo [in error]. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-9954. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:95 [ref. 20810]. Appeared first as name only in Kaup 1856:55 [ref. 2572]. •Synonym of Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844 -- (Menon 1999:6 [ref. 24904]). •Valid as Anguilla malgumora Kaup 1856 -- (Martin-Smith & Tan 1998:579 [ref. 23647], Smith 1999:1635 [ref. 24661], Teng et al. 2009:817 [ref. 30569]). •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Ege 1939:90 [ref. 13172] with question, Watanabe et al. 2014:568 [ref. 35475], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

manabei, Anguilla Jordan [D. S.] 1913:359, Pl. 57 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 44 (no. 1957); ref. 14960] Rapid in tributary of Yoshino River, near Koyadaira, a village at foot of Mt. Tsurugi, Awa, Shikoku, Japan. Holotype (unique): USNM 74118. Type catalog: Smith 1994:3 [ref. 21917]. •Synonym of Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel 1846 -- (Okada 1961:589 [ref. 6363], Kottelat 2013:38 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel 1846. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

manillensis, Muraena Bleeker [P.] 1864:31 [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 2; ref. 13922] Manila, Philippines. No types known. •Synonym of Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard 1824 -- (Ege 1939:36 [ref. 13172], Kottelat 2013:38 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard 1824. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

marginata, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1857:36, Pl. 4 (fig. 20) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Valencia, Spain. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-3765. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:95 [ref. 20810]. Appeared first as name only in Kaup 1856:55 [ref. 2572]. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:221 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:152 [ref. 13454], Tesch 1991:389 [ref. 24843], Kottelat 1997:35 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

marginipinnis, Anguilla Macleay [W.] 1883:210 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 8 (pt 2); ref. 14342] Lillesmere Lagoon, Burdekin River, Queensland, Australia. Syntypes: AMS A.17994 (1), A.17997-99 (1, 1, 1), A.18001 (1); QM I.3497 (1); Macleay Mus. [ex AMS I.17995] (1). Syntype AMS A.17998 is Anguilla reinhardtii Steindachner 1867 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:123 [ref. 12442]). •Synonym of Anguilla reinhardtii Steindachner 1867 -- (Ege 1939:36 [ref. 13172] as reinhardti). •In part a synonym of Anguilla obscura Günther 1872 -- (Ege 1939:152 [ref. 13172], Paxton et al. 1989:123 [ref. 12442], Hoese & Gates 2006:237 [ref. 28997], Kottelat 2013:39 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla obscura Günther 1872. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

marmorata, Anguilla Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1824:241, Pl. 51 (fig. 2) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Waigeo [Waigiou], Indonesia. Syntypes: MNHN A-4109 (1), 0000-3130 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:95 [ref. 20810]. •Valid as Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard 1824 -- (Ege 1939:36 [ref. 13172], Okada 1961:592 [ref. 6363], Castle 1984:36 [ref. 6171], Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:21 [ref. 6441], Castle 1986:161 [ref. 5644], Kuang & Yu in Kuang et al. 1986:28 [ref. 26639], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:50 [ref. 25598], Zheng et al. 1989:33 [ref. 21202], Allen & Coates 1990:53 [ref. 25561], Allen 1991:40 [ref. 21090], Kuang in Pan et al. 1991:55 [ref. 23876], Allen et al. 1992:298 [ref. 21400], Kottelat et al. 1993:8 [ref. 23448], Skelton 1993:108 [ref. 24071], Quéro & Saldanha 1995:63 [ref. 22017], Kottelat & Lim 1996:228 [ref. 23210], Zhu 1995:18 [ref. 25213], Rainboth 1996:57 [ref. 22772], Tagliavini et al. 1996:271 [ref. 25516], Kim 1997:146 [ref. 24032], Yue & Chen 1998:51 [ref. 26415], Marquet & Mary 1999:31 [ref. 23933], Marquet et al. 1999:43 [ref. 23934], Fricke 1999:37 [ref. 24106], Keith et al. 1999:69 [ref. 24548], Smith 1999:1635 [ref. 24661], Nakabo 2000:192 [ref. 25086], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:56 [ref. 25191], Stiassny & Harrison 2000:147 [ref. 25252], Matsuura et al. 2000:20 [ref. 26000], Kottelat 2001:13 [ref. 25482], Sakai et al. 2001:85 [ref. 25693], Kottelat 2001:26 [ref. 25780], Huang et al. 2001:42 [ref. 25846], Skelton 2001:108 [ref. 27406], Keith et al. 2002:84 [ref. 31473], Kim & Park 2002:45 [ref. 25913], Nakabo 2002:192 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:141, 490 [ref. 26218], Myers & Donaldson 2003:610 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:6 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3316 [ref. 27945], Larson & Pidgeon 2004:196 [ref. 28107], Mundy 2005:110 [ref. 28379], Watanabe et al. 2005:677 [ref. 39169], Watanabe et al. 2008:680 [ref. 29821], Fricke et al. 2009:14 [ref. 30213], Teng et al. 2009:817 [ref. 30569], Yonezawa et al. 2010:250 [ref. 30902], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:188 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:70 [ref. 31256], Zhang et al. 2010:181 [ref. 31511], Matsunuma et al. 2010:81 [ref. 31558], Fricke et al. 2011:348 [ref. 31242], Marshall 2011:60 [ref. 31755], Kottelat 2013:38 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2014:16 [ref. 33932], Kottelat 2015:40 [ref. 33971], Ho et al. 2015:142 [ref. 34130], Zhang et al. 2016:46 [ref. 34477], Miesen et al. 2016:80 [ref. 34492], Koeda et al. 2016:6 [ref. 35333], Abdul Kadir et al. 2017:103 [ref. 35571], Fricke et al. 2018:30 [ref. 35805], Sulaiman et al. 2018:26 [ref. 35802], Wilkinson & Tan 2018:597 [ref. 36226], Arndt & Fricke 2019:10 [ref. 36883], Fricke et al. 2019:50 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:61 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 6 [ref. 38321], Amick & Toko 2021:5 [ref. 38599], Fu et al. 2021:9562 [ref. 39347], Keith et al. 2021:16 [ref. 38257], Taki et al. 2021:46 [ref. 39830], Eudeline 2022:128 [ref. 39191], Jamaluddin et al. 2022:[5] [ref. 39245], Kuroki et al. 2022:173 [ref. 39912], Smith 2022:85 [ref. 39684], Jamandre 2023:159 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard 1824. Anguillidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: South Africa, East Africa, Mayotte (France), Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Caroline Islands (Micronesia), Mariana Islands, Gambier Islands and Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia), north to southern Japan, south to South Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

mauritiana, Anguilla Bennett [E. T.] 1831:128 [Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1830-31 (pt 1); ref. 16794] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. No types known. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Dor 1984:26 [ref. 29757]). •Synonym of Anguilla bengalensis (Gray 1831) -- (Menon 1999:5 [ref. 24904]). •Synonym of Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard 1824 -- (Ege 1939:36 [ref. 13172], Okada 1961:592 [ref. 6363], Castle 1984:36 [ref. 6171], Castle 1986:161 [ref. 5644], Kuang & Yu in Kuang et al. 1986:28 [ref. 26639], Kuang in Pan et al. 1991:55 [ref. 23876], Kim 1997:540 [ref. 24032], Fricke 1999:37 [ref. 24106], Choi et al. 2003:490 [ref. 26218], Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:316 [ref. 28867], Fricke et al. 2011:348 [ref. 31242], Kottelat 2013:38 [32989], Ho et al. 2015:142 [ref. 34130]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard 1824. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

mediorostris, Anguilla Risso [A.] 1827:199 [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Holotype (unique): MNHN (not found). •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:220 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:151 [ref. 13454], Tesch 1991:389 [ref. 24843], Kottelat 1997:35 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:20 [ref. 37983], Bañón & Maño 2021:50 [ref. 38883]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

megastoma, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1857:50, Pl. 8 (fig. 42) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Mangareva, Gambier Islands, French Polynesia. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-9952. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:96 [ref. 20810]. Appeared first as name only in Kaup 1856:56 [ref. 2572]. •Valid as Anguilla megastoma Kaup 1857 -- (Ege 1939:10 [ref. 13172], Allen 1991:40 [ref. 21090], Marquet & Mary 1999:31 [ref. 23933], Marquet et al. 1999:43 [ref. 23934], Smith 1999:1636 [ref. 24661], Aoyama et al. 2000:159 [ref. 24529], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:56 [ref. 25191], Huang et al. 2001:42 [ref. 25846], Keith et al. 2002:86 [ref. 31473], Randall et al. 2004:6 [ref. 27624], Watanabe et al. 2005:677 [ref. 39169], McCosker et al. 2007:144 [ref. 28973], Teng et al. 2009:817 [ref. 30569], Watanabe et al. 2009:387 [ref. 30611], Fricke et al. 2011:348 [ref. 31242], Amick & Toko 2021:6 [ref. 38599], Keith et al. 2021:18 [ref. 38257], Kuroki et al. 2022:179 [ref. 39912]). Current status: Valid as Anguilla megastoma Kaup 1857. Anguillidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: New Britain (Papua New Guinea) and New Caledonia to Society and Gambier islands. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

melanochir, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1857:35, Pl. 4 (fig. 19) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Tiber River, Italy. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-3764. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:96 [ref. 20810]. Appeared first as name only in Kaup 1856:55 [ref. 2572]. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:221 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:152 [ref. 13454], Tesch 1991:389 [ref. 24843], Kottelat 1997:35 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

microptera, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1857:36, Pl. 4 (fig. 21) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Bay of Algeciras, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-3766. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:96 [ref. 20810]. Appeared first as name only in Kaup 1856:55 [ref. 2572]. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:221 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:152 [ref. 13454], Tesch 1991:389 [ref. 24843], Kottelat 1997:35 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

migratoria, Anguilla Krøyer [H. N.] 1849:616 [Danmarks Fiske; ref. 18437] Denmark. No types known. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:221 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:151 [ref. 13454], Tesch 1991:389 [ref. 24843], Kottelat 1997:35 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:20 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

moa, Anguilla Bleeker [P.] 1849:22 [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 23 (no. 12); ref. 16883] Jakarta, Banjumas, Ambarawa, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: SMNS 10652 (1) Java. •Synonym of Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844 -- (Ege 1939:151 [ref. 13172], Menon 1999:6 [ref. 24904], Kottelat 2013:37 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

morena, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1857:35, Pl. 3 (fig. 18) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Naples, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-3763. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:96 [ref. 20810]. Appeared first as name only in Kaup 1856:55 [ref. 2572]. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:221 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:152 [ref. 13454], Tesch 1991:389 [ref. 24843], Kottelat 1997:35 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

mossambica, Muraena (Anguilla) Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1852:684 [Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1852; ref. 18539] Molumbo [Lumbo] River, Mozambique [East Africa]. Holotype (unique): ZMB 6230. Also in Peters 1868:98, Pl. 18 (fig. 1) [ref. 3440] as Anguilla mossambica. •Valid as Anguilla mossambica (Peters 1852) -- (Ege 1939:90 [ref. 13172], Castle 1984:36 [ref. 6171], Castle 1986:161 [ref. 5644], Skelton 1993:105 [ref. 24071], Quéro & Saldanha 1995:63 [ref. 22017], Tagliavini et al. 1996:271 [ref. 25516], Aoyama et al. 1996:374 [ref. 24707], Reinthal & Stiassny 1997:354 [ref. 22780], Fricke 1999:38 [ref. 24106], Keith et al. 1999:76 [ref. 24548], Stiassny & Harrison 2000:147 [ref. 25252], Huang et al. 2001:42 [ref. 25846], Skelton 2001:105 [ref. 27406], Seegers et al. 2003:30 [ref. 28087], Watanabe et al. 2005:677 [ref. 39169], Fricke et al. 2009:14 [ref. 30213], Teng et al. 2009:817 [ref. 30569], Marshall 2011:61 [ref. 31755], Fricke et al. 2018:31 [ref. 35805], Arndt & Fricke 2019:10 [ref. 36883], Eudeline 2022:129 [ref. 39191], Kuroki et al. 2022:179 [ref. 39912], Smith 2022:85 [ref. 39684]). Current status: Valid as Anguilla mossambica (Peters 1852). Anguillidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: South Africa and East Africa, Mayotte (France), Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

mowa, Anguilla Bleeker [P.] 1852:16 [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 25 (art. 5); ref. 339] Jakarta, Banjoemas, Ambarawa, and Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: (5). Unjustified emendatioin of Anguilla moa Bleeker 1849. •In the synonym of Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844 -- (Ege 1939:151 [ref. 13172], Menon 1999:6 [ref. 24904], Kottelat 2013:37 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

myriaster, Anguilla Brevoort [J. C.] 1856:282 [30], Pl. 11 (fig. 2) [Notes on some figures of Japanese fish taken from recent specimens by the artists of the U. S. Japan Expedition. Pp. 253-288, Pls. 3-12 (color) In: M. C. Perry, Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan.; ref. 17284] Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan. No types known. On p. 30 of separate. Based on a drawing. •Valid as Conger myriaster (Brevoort 1856) -- (Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:28 [ref. 6441], Machida in Okamura & Kitajima 1984:93, 318 [ref. 8057], Smith 1989:515 [ref. 13285], Cheng & Zhou 1997:98 [ref. 26385], Nakabo 2000:229 [ref. 25086], Smith in Randall & Lim 2000:586 [ref. 25122], Shimizu 2001:20 [ref. 25799], Shinohara et al. 2001:294 [ref. 25995], Nakabo 2002:229 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:146,494 [ref. 26218], Shinohara et al. 2005:401 [ref. 28370], Zhang et al. 2010:199 [ref. 31511], Shinohara et al. 2014:237 [ref. 33330], Ho et al. 2015:146 [ref. 34130], Motomura et al. 2015:14 [ref. 34709], Smith et al. 2016:737 [ref. 34834], Smith & Ho 2018:178 [ref. 36044], Kim et al. 2020:57 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:19 [ref. 37637], Ramos-Castro et al. 2021:516 [ref. 38842]). Current status: Valid as Conger myriaster (Brevoort 1856). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: China and Taiwan to Korea and Japan. Habitat: marine.

nebulosa, Anguilla McClelland [J.] 1844:179, 202, Pl. 5 (fig. 2) [Calcutta Journal of Natural History v. 5 (no. 18); ref. 2928] Bengal, India and Sandoway, Burma. Syntypes: SMF 993 (1). •Synonym of Anguilla bengalensis (Gray 1831) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:74 [ref. 20764], Menon 1999:5 [ref. 24904], Ataur Rahman 2003:55 [ref. 31338], Kottelat 2013:37 [ref. 32989]). •Valid as Anguilla nebulosa McClelland 1844, subspecies nebulosa McClelland 1844 -- (Watanabe et al. 2005:677 [ref. 39169]). •Valid as Anguilla nebulosa McClelland 1844 -- (Ege 1939:36 [ref. 13172], Pethiyagoda 1991:46 [ref. 20075], Kottelat et al. 1993:8 [ref. 23448], Zhu 1995:18 [ref. 25213], Huang et al. 2001:42 [ref. 25846], Zhang et al. 2010:182 [ref. 31511], Zhang et al. 2016:46 [ref. 34477], Miesen et al. 2016:81 [ref. 34492]). Current status: Valid as Anguilla nebulosa McClelland 1844. Anguillidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

nigricans, Anguilla Chu [Y.-T.] & Wu [Y. T.] in Chu 1984:185, Fig. 124 [ ref. 8173] Xiamen, China. Holotype (unique): SFC 60-9452. Second author is H. W. Wu. •Valid as Anguilla nigricans Chu & Wu 1984 -- (Kuang in Pan et al. 1991:54 [ref. 23876]). •Synonym of Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel 1846 -- (Zhang et al. 2010:178 [ref. 31511], Zhang et al. 2016:46 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel 1846. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

nilotica, Anguilla Heckel [J. J.] 1847:313 [Reisen in Europa, Asien und Africa v. 2 (pt 3); ref. 2068] Nile River, Egypt, North Africa. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-3769 to 0000-3771 (1, 1, 1). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:96 [ref. 20810] but with authorship as Kaup 1857. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) [sometimes with authorship as Kaup 1856 or 1857] -- (Blache et al. 1973:221 [ref. 7185], Castle 1984:34 [ref. 6171], Smith 1990:152 [ref. 13454], Tesch 1991:389 [ref. 24843], Kottelat 1997:35 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:20 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

nilotica, Muraena anguilla var. Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:487 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] No locality. No types known. Name Latinized in index from niloticam.

novaeorleanensis, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1857:43, Pl. 6 (fig. 33) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A. Syntypes: MNHN B-2111 (2). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:96 [ref. 20810]. Appeared first as name only in Kaup 1856:55 [ref. 2572]. •Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817) -- (Ege 1939:90 [ref. 13172], Smith 1989:34 [ref. 13285], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27061], Denys et al. 2022:388 [ref. 40085]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

novaeterrae, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1857:45, Pl. 7 (fig. 35) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Newfoundland, Canada. Holotype (unique): MNHN B-2106. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:96 [ref. 20810]. Appeared first as name only in Kaup 1856:55 [ref. 2572] as novaterrae. •Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Leusuer 1817) -- (Ege 1939:90 [ref. 13172], Smith 1989:34 [ref. 13285], Bauchot et al. 1993:94 [ref. 20810], Scott & Crossman 1998:628 [ref. 24570], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27061], Denys et al. 2022:388 [ref. 40085]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

oblongirostris, Anguilla Blanchard [C. E.] 1866:496 [Les poissons des eaux douces de la France; ref. 310] Huveaune stream, near Marseille, France; Lot river; Lake Bourget, France. Syntypes: MNHN 1880-0343 (5), 9985 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:96 [ref. 20810]. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:221 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:152 [ref. 13454], Tesch 1991:389 [ref. 24843], Kottelat 1997:36 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

obscura, Anguilla Günther [A.] 1872:673 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871 (pt 3) (art. 1) (for 21 Nov. 1871); ref. 1997] Kanathea, Fiji Islands. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1871.9.13.145. •Valid as Anguilla obscura Günther 1872 -- (Ege 1939:152 [ref. 13172], Castle 1984:37 [ref. 6171], Paxton et al. 1989:123 [ref. 12442], Allen 1991:41 [ref. 21090], Marquet & Mary 1999:31 [ref. 23933], Marquet et al. 1999:43 [ref. 23934], Smith 1999:1636 [ref. 24661], Pusey et al. 2000:72 [ref. 24466], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:56 [ref. 25191], Huang et al. 2001:42 [ref. 25846], Allen et al. 2002:62 [ref. 25930], Keith et al. 2002:88 [ref. 31473], Randall et al. 2004:6 [ref. 27624], Watanabe et al. 2005:677 [ref. 39169], McCosker et al. 2007:144 [ref. 28973], Hoese & Gates 2006:237 [ref. 28997], Teng et al. 2009:817 [ref. 30569], Fricke et al. 2011:348 [ref. 31242], Kottelat 2013:39 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2014:16 [ref. 33932], Miesen et al. 2016:81 [ref. 34492], Pusey et al. 2017:17 [ref. 35250], Kuroki et al. 2022:179 [ref. 39912]). Current status: Valid as Anguilla obscura Günther 1872. Anguillidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: eastern Australia and Papua New Guinea east to Tuamotu Archipelago and Gambier Islands. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

obtusa, Anguilla (Ophisoma) Swainson [W.] 1839:334, 395 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Sicily, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Smith 1990:159 [ref. 13454]). Current status: Synonym of Conger conger (Linnaeus 1758). Congridae: Congrinae. Habitat: marine.

occidentalis, Anguilla australis forma Schmidt [E. J.] 1928:198, 203, Fig. 9d-f [Records of the Australian Museum v. 16 (no. 4); ref. 18703] Eastern Australia and Lord Howe Island. Syntypes: (several) ?AMS IA.3995-97 (3) Lord Howe I. Appeared first as a postscript in Schmidt 1928:388 [ref. 18704] but without identifying characters. Described as a new "forma" along with A. a. orientalis, the forma occurring in New Zealand (for which features were provided). •Synonym of Anguilla australis Richardson 1841 -- (Ege 1939:152 [ref. 13172], Paxton et al. 1989:122 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:304 [ref. 22532], Hoese & Gates 2006:236 [ref. 28997], Kuiter 2018:11 [ref. 36369]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla australis Richardson 1841. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

oceanica, Anguilla Mitchill [S. L.] 1818:407 [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 17775] Near Block Island, off New York, U.S.A. No types known. •Valid as Conger oceanicus (Mitchill 1818) -- (Smith 1986:393 [ref. 22186], Robins & Ray 1986:57 [ref. 23100], Edwards & Glass 1987:628 [ref. 9166], Scott & Scott 1988:82 [ref. 25518], Smith 1989:509 [ref. 13285], Smith 1989:742 [ref. 13285], McAllister 1990:49 [ref. 14674], Boschung 1992:37 [ref. 23239], Murdy et al. 1997:64 [ref. 23144], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:300 [ref. 23897], Smith & Tighe in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:101 [ref. 26158], Smith 2003:750 [ref. 26989], Moore et al. 2003:174 [ref. 27076], Nelson et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27807]. Page et al. 2013:64 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Conger oceanicus (Mitchill 1818). Congridae: Congrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic; reported from St. Helena. Habitat: marine.

orientalis, Anguilla australis forma Schmidt [E. J.] 1928:388 [Transactions of the New Zealand Institute v. 58 (no. 4); ref. 18704] New Zealand. Syntypes: (several) Carlsberg Lab., Copenhagen or NMNZ. Name first mentioned in the postscript of the above reference, but treated in more detail in Schmidt 1928 [ref. 18703]. •Synonym of Anguilla australis Richardson 1841, subspecies schmidtii Phillipps 1925 -- (Ege 1939:152 [ref. 13172] as schmidti). •Synonym of Anguilla australis Richardson 1841 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:122 [ref. 12442]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla australis Richardson 1841. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

orthoentera, Anguilla Balsamo-Crivelli [G. G.] & Maggi [L.] 1873:229, Pl. [Memorie del Reale Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e Lettere, Classe di Scienze Matematiche e Naturali v. 12 [=(Ser. 3) v. 3]; ref. 15763] Italy. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

otaheitensis, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1859:17, Pl. 2 (fig. 2) [Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften herausgegeben von dem Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg v. 4 (no. 2); ref. 2586] Tahiti, Society Islands. Holotype (unique): ZMH H388. Type catalog: Ladiges et al. 1958:160 [ref. 19181], Wilkens & Dohse 1993:404 [ref. 21161]. •Synonym of Anguilla megastoma Kaup 1857 -- (Ege 1939:10 [ref. 13172]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla megastoma Kaup 1857. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

oxyrhina, Muraena Ekström [C. U.] 1832:287 [Kongliga Vetenskaps-Academiens Handlingar, Stockholm; ref. 13467] Mörkö Island, near Stockholm, Sweden. No types known. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:220 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:151 [ref. 13454], Tesch 1991:390 [ref. 24843], Kottelat 1997:35 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:20 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

pacifica, Anguilla Schmidt [E. J.] 1928:190, 206 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 16 (no. 4); ref. 18703] Pacific, north of the equator. Syntypes: (several) whereabouts unknown. Written description of this species is apparently lacking in the text, but several tables within the work list meristic counts. Often seen dated to Schmidt 1932. •Synonym of Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844 -- (Ege 1939:152 [ref. 13172], Kottelat 2013:37 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844, but a valid subspecies pacifica Schmidt 1928 -- (Allen & Coates 1990:54 [ref. 25561], Allen et al. 1992:298 [ref. 21400], Keith et al. 1999:74 [ref. 24548], Huang et al. 2001:42 [ref. 25846], Watanabe et al. 2005:677 [ref. 39169], Teng et al. 2009:817 [ref. 30569], Motomura et al. 2010:69 [ref. 31256], Inoue et al. 2021:39 [ref. 38532], Kuroki et al. 2022:176 [ref. 39912]). •Valid as Anguilla pacifica Schmidt 1928 -- (Fricke et al. 2014:16 [ref. 33932], Ho et al. 2015:141 [ref. 34130] as Anguilla bicolor pacifica). Current status: Valid as Anguilla pacifica Schmidt 1928. Anguillidae. Distribution: Western Pacific; north of the equator, north to Iriomote Island (Japan). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

pekinensis, Muraena Basilewsky [S.] 1855:246, Pl. 3 (fig. 2) [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] China: streams near Tianjin and Beijing. No types at ZIN. •Synonym of Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel 1846 -- (Ege 1939:89 [ref. 13172], Zhang et al. 2010:178 [ref. 31511], Kottelat 2013:38 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel 1846. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

pictus, Anguilla (Ophisurus) Swainson [W.] 1839:334, 395 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Ophichthidae: Ophichthinae. Habitat: marine.

platycephala, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1857:38, Pl. 5 (fig. 25) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Abbeville, France. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-3210 (1), 0000-5707 (now 4). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:97 [ref. 20810] with 3210 as holotype. Appeared first as name only in Kaup 1856:55 [ref. 2572]. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:221 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:152 [ref. 13454], Tesch 1991:389 [ref. 24843] as platycephalo, Kottelat 1997:35 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

platyrhina, Muraena Ekström [C. U.] 1832:287 [Kongliga Vetenskaps-Academiens Handlingar, Stockholm; ref. 13467] Mörkö Island, near Stockholm, Sweden. No types known. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:220 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:151 [ref. 13454], Tesch 1991:390 [ref. 24843], Kottelat 1997:35 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:20 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

platyrhynchus, Anguilla Costa [O. G.] 1850:Anguilla p. 50, Pls. 58, 60 (figs. 3a, 3b) [Fauna del regno di Napoli Part 1; ref. 976] Lake Ligola, Italy. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Published 10 July 1850. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:221 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:151 [ref. 13454], Tesch 1991:389 [ref. 24843], Kottelat 1997:35 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

poonaensis, Nemachilus Menon [A. G. K.] 1950:226, Fig. 1 a [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 47 (pt 2) (for 1949); ref. 2981] Moola-Mootha [Mula-Mutha] River, Kistna draiage, Poona, Mumbai State, India. Holotype: ZSI F242/2. Paratypes: ZSI F243/2 (7). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:124 [ref. 20743]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. See Das 2003:364 [ref. 27706] as poonanensis. •Synonym of Nemacheilus anguilla Annandale 1919 -- (Menon 1987:156 [ref. 14149] as Noemachilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:469 [ref. 20764], Menon 1999:183 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus). •Valid as Nemacheilus poonaensis Menon 1950 -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:435 [ref. 23187]). •Synonym of 'Nemacheilus' poonaensis Annondale 1949 -- (Kottelat 2012:90 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Nemacheilus anguilla Annandale 1919. Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

porphyrea, Anguilla Günther [A.] (ex Hodgson) 1861:226 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861 (pt 2) (art. 3) (for 28 May 1861); ref. 18214] Rosi Khola, a clear hill-stream, central region of Nepal. No types known. Based on a drawing. Perhaps not intended as new by Günther, who cited Hodgson's species name. Anguillidae.

punctatissima, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1857:44 [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Niagara Falls, U.S.A. and Canada. Holotype (unique): MNHN (not found). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:124 [ref. 20810]. Appeared first without description in Kaup 1856:55 [ref. 2572]. •Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817) -- (Ege 1939:90 [ref. 13172], Smith 1986:62 [ref. 22186], Smith 1989:34 [ref. 13285], Scott & Crossman 1998:628 [ref. 24570], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27061], Denys et al. 2022:388 [ref. 40085]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

puncticulata, Anguilla (Ophisurus) Swainson [W.] 1839:334 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Based on Ham. fig. 5 -- which is Hamilton 1822:Pl. 5 (fig. 5) [ref. 2031]. Unneeded new name for Ophisurus hijala Hamilton 1822. •Synonym of Pisodonophis hijala (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 2013:47 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Pisodonophis hijala (Hamilton 1822). Ophichthidae: Ophichthinae. Habitat: marine.

pusillipinna, Mixomyrophis McCosker [J. E.] 1985:10, Figs. 1-2, 6b [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 44 (no. 2); ref. 5238] Off Anguilla, Lesser Antilles, 18°26.4'N, 63°12.6'W to 18°28'N, 63°11.1'W, depth 393-451 meters. Holotype (unique): ANSP 152305 [ex UMML 30290]. •Valid as Mixomyrophis pusillipinna McCosker 1985 -- (McCosker et al. 1989:279 [ref. 13288], Leiby in Smith 1989:770 [ref. 13285], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:149 [ref. 27754], McCosker 2003:732 [ref. 26993], Hibono et al.2014:xx [ref. 33410]). Current status: Valid as Mixomyrophis pusillipinna McCosker 1985. Ophichthidae: Myrophinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

reinhardtii, Anguilla Steindachner [F.] 1867:15, Figs. a-b [Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften v. 55 (1. Abth.); ref. 4214] Fitzroy River, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): NMW 3307. •Valid as Anguilla reinhardtii Steindachner 1867 -- (Ege 1939:36 [ref. 13172] as reinhardti, Cadwallader & Backhouse 1983:56 [ref. 25473], Paxton et al. 1989:123 [ref. 12442], Allen 1991:41 [ref. 21090], Kuiter 1993:29 [ref. 23929], Gomon et al. 1994:205 [ref. 22532], Aoyama et al. 1996:374 [ref. 24707] as reinharddtii, Beumer in McDowall 1996:42 [ref. 22909], Chilcott & Humphries 1996:145 [ref. 25528], McDowall et al. 1998:1 [ref. 23822], Marquet & Mary 1999:31 [ref. 23933], Smith 1999:1636 [ref. 24661], Johnson 1999:721 [ref. 25471], Pusey et al. 2000:72 [ref. 24466], Allen et al. 2000:30 [ref. 27467], Huang et al. 2001:42 [ref. 25846] as reinhardti, Allen et al. 2002:63 [ref. 25930], Larson & Pidgeon 2004:196 [ref. 28107], Watanabe et al. 2005:677 [ref. 39169], Hoese & Gates 2006:237 [ref. 28997], Gomon 2008:157 [ref. 30616], Teng et al. 2009:817 [ref. 30569], Fricke et al. 2011:348 [ref. 31242], Kottelat 2013:39 [ref. 32989], McDowall et al. 2015:223 [ref. 34232], Pusey et al. 2017:16 [ref. 35250], Kuiter 2018:12 [ref. 36369], Amick & Toko 2021:6 [ref. 38599], Kuroki et al. 2022:177 [ref. 39912]). Current status: Valid as Anguilla reinhardtii Steindachner 1867. Anguillidae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Australia, New Guinea and New Caledonia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

remifera, Anguilla Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1902:325, Fig. 7 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 25 (no. 1289); ref. 2447] Hokoto [Hokuto, Taipei City], Taiwan. Holotype: ZUMT uncat. (lost) (ex. No. 12064). Type catalog: Ho & Shao 2011:21 [ref. 31432], Aizawa et al. 2022:140 [ref. 39647]. The holotype is apparently lost (Kazuo Sakamoto, pers. comm. 2007, cited in Ho & Shao 2011:21 [ref. 31432]). •Synonym of Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel 1846 -- (Ege 1939:89 [ref. 13172], Okada 1961:589 [ref. 6363], Ho & Shao 2011:21 [ref. 31432], Kottelat 2013:38 [ref. 32989], Ho et al. 2015:142 [ref. 34130], Ho et al. 2015:7 [ref. 34116]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel 1846. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

rostrata, Muraena Lesueur [C. A.] 1817:81 [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 1 (pt 1, no. 5) (19 Aug.); ref. 17509] Cayuga and Geneva lakes, New York, U.S.A. No types known. See Smith 1989:35 [ref. 13285] for nomenclatural discussion. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Chereshnev 1996:599 [ref. 24659]). •Valid as Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817) -- (Ege 1939:89 [ref. 13172], Lee et al. 1980:59 [ref. 22416], Villa 1982:81 [ref. 36708], Smith 1986:59 [ref. 22186], Robins & Ray 1986:49 [ref. 23100], Bussing 1987:64 [ref. 22927], Robison & Buchanan 1988:102 [ref. 23393], Scott & Scott 1988:75 [ref. 25518], Smith 1989:34, 898 [ref. 13285], McAllister 1990:46 [ref. 14674], Tomelleri & Eberle 1990:33 [ref. 24089], Page & Burr 1991:32 [ref. 18983], Cervigón 1991:28 [ref. 24472], Boschung 1992:31 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:254 [ref. 23827], Gamboa Pérez 1992:309 [ref. 38704], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:8 [ref. 22290], Etnier & Starnes 1993:119 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:203 [ref. 21581], Warren et al. 1994:132 [ref. 25557], Knight & Hastings 1994:149 [ref. 25560], Stauffer et al. 1995:44 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:39 [ref. 23394], Tagliavini et al. 1996:271 [ref. 25516], Aoyama et al. 1996:374 [ref. 24707], Mettee et al. 1996:111 [ref. 25836], Greenfield & Thomerson 1997:53 [ref. 22947], Murdy et al. 1997:62 [ref. 23144], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:222 [ref. 23897], Bussing 1998:64 [ref. 24179], Aguilera 1998:46 [ref. 24221], Scott & Crossman 1998:624 [ref. 24570], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:95 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:128 [ref. 25013], Fuller et al. 1999:37 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:21 [ref. 26594], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:147 [ref. 27754], Huang et al. 2001:42 [ref. 25846], Ross et al. 2001:99 [ref. 25978], Smith & Tighe in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:93 [ref. 26158], Lim et al. 2002:64 [ref. 28310], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27061], Smith 2003:692 [ref. 26989], Nelson et al. 2004:60 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:67 [ref. 27882], Miller & Robison 2004:64 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:129 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:9 [ref. 28940], Watanabe et al. 2005:677 [ref. 39169], Miller 2006:87 [ref. 28615], Teng et al. 2009:817 [ref. 30569], Minckley & Marsh 2009:70 [ref. 31114], Matamoros et al. 2009:7 [ref. 31241], Møller et al. 2010:20 [ref. 31169], Mecklenburg et al. 2011:117 [ref. 31212], Page & Burr 2011:146 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:60 [ref. 32708], Phillip et al. 2013:14 [ref. 32896], Angulo et al. 2013:989 [ref. 33194], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:22 [ref. 33341], Springer & Johnson 2015:607 [ref. 33937], Robins et al. 2018:61 [ref. 35886], Carneiro et al. 2019:69 [ref. 37250], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Rodríguez-Barrera et al. 2020:45 [ref. 37800], Denys et al. 2022:388 [ref. 40085], Kuroki et al. 2022:177 [ref. 39912], Simian et al. 2022:374 [ref. 40776], Angulo et al. 2023:16 [ref. 40676], Page et al. 2023:58 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817). Anguillidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: north to Newfoundland and Greenland; North, Central and South America; West Indies and in Atlantic and Caribbean draining rivers; eastern Atlantic: rarely Azores. Introduced in Italy. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

savignyi, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1856:55 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 22 (pt. 1); ref. 2572] [Napoli] Naples, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Holotype: MNHN 0000-3131 [?3731]. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:97 [ref. 20810]. Also in Kaup 1856:34 [ref. 2573]. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:221 [ref. 7185], Smith 1990:152 [ref. 13454], Tesch 1991:390 [ref. 24843], Kottelat 1997:35 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

schmidtii, Anguilla Phillipps [W. J.] 1925:30, Fig. 4 [The New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology v. 8 (no. 2); ref. 23932] Foxton, western coast of Wellington, New Zealand. Holotype (unique): NMNZ. •Synonym of Anguilla australis Richardson 1841, but a valid subspecies -- (Ege 1939:152 [ref. 13172], Marquet & Mary 1999:31 [ref. 23933], Huang et al. 2001:42 [ref. 25846] as schmidti and Phillips, Watanabe et al. 2005:677 [ref. 39169], Teng et al. 2009:817 [ref. 30569], Kuroki et al. 2022:177 [ref. 39912]). •Synonym of Anguilla australis Richardson 1841 -- (Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:316 [ref. 28867], Fricke et al. 2011:348 [ref. 31242]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla australis Richardson 1841. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

serpens, Anguilla Shaw [G.] 1803:23 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Mediterranean Sea, [northern seas] northeastern Atlantic Ocean. No types known. •Synonym of Ophichthus ophis (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Ophichthus ophis (Linnaeus 1758). Ophichthidae: Ophichthinae. Habitat: marine.

serpentina, Muraena Lesueur [C. A.] 1817:81 [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 1 (pt 1, no. 5) (19 Aug.); ref. 17509] Harbor of Newport, Rhode Island, U.S.A. No types known. •Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817) -- (Ege 1939:89 [ref. 13172], Smith 1989:34 [ref. 13285], Scott & Crossman 1998:628 [ref. 24570], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27061], Denys et al. 2022:388 [ref. 40085]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

sidat, Anguilla Bleeker [P.] 1852:17 [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 25 (art. 5); ref. 339] Tjikandi, Tjampea, Jakarta, and western Java, Indonesia. Syntypes and/or Bleeker specimens: (12) AMS B.8207 (1), BMNH 1867.11.28.231 [or .231] (1) no locality, NMV A947 (2). •Synonym of Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844 -- (Ege 1939:151 [ref. 13172], Kottelat 2013:37 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

sinensis, Anguilla McClelland [J.] 1843:406, Pl. 25 (fig. 2) [Calcutta Journal of Natural History v. 4 (no. 4) (for 1844); ref. 2927] Chusan, China. No types known. •Synonym of Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel 1846 -- (Zhang et al. 2010:178 [ref. 31511], Ho et al. 2015:142 [ref. 34130]). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel 1846. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

spengeli, Anguilla Weber [M.] 1912:591, Fig. G [Zoologische Jahrbücher, Jena, Supplementband v. 15 (pt. 1); ref. 17832] Java, Indonesia; Borneo. Syntypes: (several) ZMA 116466 (1). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:7 [ref. 19236]. •Synonym of Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844 -- (Ege 1939:152 [ref. 13172], Kottelat et al. 1993:7 [ref. 23448], Kottelat 2013:37 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

tenuirostris, Anguilla DeKay [J. E.] 1842:310, Pl. 53 (fig. 173) [Zoology of New-York; ref. 1098] New York, U.S.A. No types known. •Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817) -- (Ege 1939:89 [ref. 13172], Smith 1986:62 [ref. 22186], Smith 1989:34 [ref. 13285], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27061], Denys et al. 2022:388 [ref. 40085]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

texana, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1857:45, Pl. 7 (fig. 36) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Texas, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): MNHN B-2109. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:97 [ref. 20810]. Appeared first as name only in Kaup 1856:56 [ref. 2572]. •Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817) -- (Ege 1939:90 [ref. 13172], Smith 1989:34 [ref. 13285], Bauchot et al. 1993:94 [ref. 20810], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27061], Denys et al. 2022:388 [ref. 40085]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

tobianus, Ammodytes Linnaeus [C.] 1758:247 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Mediterranean Sea, Northeastern Atlantic, Baltic Sea [original: "in Oceano Europæo"]; localities include Scania and Öland Island, Sweden; Cornwall, England; Rome and Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Syntypes: LS 41 (right half-skin), NRM 5716 (1). Type catalog: Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:267 [ref. 20707] who indicate that NHRM 5716 is A. marinus Raitt 1934, Wheeler 1985:67 [ref. 20705]. Lectotype or neotype fixation needed. Originally based on multiple species and at least 18 pre-Linnaean sources including Artedi 1738:16 [ref. 30578], Artedi 1738:55 [ref. 30529] and Artedi 1738:29 [ref. 30349] as Ammodytes; Salviani 1558:70, Pl. (p. 69) [ref. 30229] as Sandilz, Charleton 1668:146 [ref. 30580] as Anguilla de arena, Willughby 1686:113 [ref. 30164] and Ray 1713:38 [ref. 30231] as Ammodytes Gesneri. •Valid as Ammodytes tobianus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Wheeler 1973:446 [ref. 7190], Reay in Whitehead et al. 1986:947 [ref. 13676], Ida et al. 1994:258 [ref. 22075], Amaoka in Okamura et al. 1995:219 [ref. 22531], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:177 [ref. 26753], Parin 2003:S20 [ref. 28536], Fricke 2007:27 [ref. 30577], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:30 [ref. 36649], Psomadakis et al. 2012:17 [ref. 33457], Parin et al. 2014:465 [ref. 33547], Turanov & Kartavtsev 2014:447 [ref. 34455], Orr et al. 2015:155 [ref. 33719], Mecklenburg et al. 2018:418 [ref. 36370] see remarks, Artüz & Fricke 2019:558 [ref. 36612], Carneiro et al. 2019:291 [ref. 37250], Bañón & Maño 2021:79 [ref. 38887], Kovačić et al. 2021:85 [ref. 39014]). Current status: Valid as Ammodytes tobianus Linnaeus 1758. Ammodytidae. Distribution: Baltic Sea; North Sea; northeastern Atlantic: Iceland and Norway south to Portugal. Habitat: marine.

tyrannus, Anguilla Girard [C. F.] 1858:171 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 10; ref. 1813] Mouth of Rio Grande del Norte (Rio Bravo), Texas, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 857 [= USNM 43108]. See also Girard 1859:75, Pl. 40 [ref. 13405]. •Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817) -- (Ege 1939:90 [ref. 13172], Smith 1989:34 [ref. 13285], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:96 [ref. 24550], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27061], Denys et al. 2022:389 [ref. 40085]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

variegata, Anguilla McClelland [J.] 1844:179, 204, 208, Pl. 9 (fig. 7) [Calcutta Journal of Natural History v. 5 (no. 18); ref. 2928] Ganges at Behar, Bengal, India. No types known. •Synonym of Anguilla bengalensis (Gray 1831) -- (Menon 1999:5 [ref. 24904], Kottelat 2013:37 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla bengalensis (Gray 1831). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

virescens, Muraena (Anguilla) Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1852:684 [Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1852; ref. 18539] Licuare River at Boror, Mozambique. Syntypes: ZMB 6229 (2). Also in Peters 1868:101, Pl. 18 (fig. 2) [ref. 3440] as Anguilla virescens. •Synonym of Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844 -- (Ege 1939:151 [ref. 13172], Castle 1984:35 [ref. 6171], Kottelat 2013:37 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla bicolor McClelland 1844. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

vulgaris, Anguilla Shaw [G.] 1803:15 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] No locality. No types known. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:18 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. Based in part on Muraena anguilla Linnaeus 1758. •Valid as Anguilla vulgaris Shaw 1803 -- (Herrera 1896:31 [ref. 39336] with author as Linnaeus). •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Blache et al. 1973:220 [ref. 7185], Castle 1984:34 [ref. 6171], Smith 1990:151 [ref. 13454], Lévèque et al. 1991:133 [ref. 31367], Kottelat 1997:35 [ref. 22952], Fricke 1999:18 [ref. 24101], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:30 [ref. 26753], Golani 2005:16 [ref. 37112], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:17 [ref. 36649], Zhang et al. 2010:177 [ref. 31511], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:20 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:33 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

vulgaris, Anguilla Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:37 [Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ref. 3595] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. New name for Muraena anguilla Linnaeus 1758. •Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2019:102 [ref. 37117], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:20 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

wabashensis, Anguilla Kaup [J. J.] 1857:46 [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Wabash River, tributary of Ohio River, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): MNHN B-2117. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:97 [ref. 20810]. Appeared first as name only in Kaup 1856:56 [ref. 2572]. •Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817) -- (Ege 1939:90 [ref. 13172], Smith 1989:34 [ref. 13285], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27061], Denys et al. 2022:388 [ref. 40085]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

waitei, Anguilla Phillipps [W. J.] 1925:28, Fig. 1 [The New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology v. 8 (no. 2); ref. 23932] Smith's Bay, Makara, North Island, New Zealand. Holotype: NMNZ. Other material or paratypes: (1) Karori, (1) near Kaikohe. •Synonym of Anguilla dieffenbachii Gray 1842 -- (Ege 1939:90 [ref. 13172] as dieffenbachi). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla dieffenbachii Gray 1842. Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

xanthomelas, Anguilla Rafinesque [C. S.] 1820:245 [Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine: a monthly publ., devoted to literature and science, Lexington, KY v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 5088] Ohio River, U.S.A. No types known. Also in Rafinesque 1820:78 [ref. 3592]. •Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817) -- (Ege 1939:89 [ref. 13172], Smith 1989:34 [ref. 13285], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27061], Denys et al. 2022:388 [ref. 40085]). Current status: Synonym of Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817). Anguillidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.