Species that contain: Callichthys and callichthys [ 39 ] records

adspersus, Callichthys Steindachner [F.] 1876:135 [87], Pl. 11 (figs. 2, 2a-b) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 74 (1. Abth.); ref. 4225] Xingu River at Porto de Moz; Amazonas River at Cudajas and Tabatinga, Brazil. Syntypes: (several) MCZ 8223 (8), 8245 + 8265 (8), 8266 (1); NMW 47667-69 (2, 2, 2), 47672-73 (2, 2); USNM 41518 [ex MCZ 8245 or 8265] (2, now 1, 1 missing) Bourget, Tabatinga, Brazil. Type catalog: Ferraris & Vari 1992:12 [ref. 19771], Ferraris 2007:127 [ref. 29155]. On p. 87 of separate. •Synonym of Dianema longibarbis Cope 1872 -- (Reis in Reis et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27061] dated 1877, Ferraris 2007:127 [ref. 29155] dated 1877). Current status: Synonym of Dianema longibarbis Cope 1872. Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

affinis, Callichthys Günther [A.] 1864:226 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Rio Grande [Rio Grande do Sul], Brazil. Syntypes: BMNH 1861.5.7.1-4 (4). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:111 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Reis in Reis et al. 2003:293 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:111 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:22 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:39 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

albidus, Callichthys Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:316 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] Cayenne, French Guiana. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-4276-77 (1, 1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:66 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:128 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock 1828) -- (Reis 1997:302 [ref. 22747], Reis in Reis et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:128 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:23 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:39 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock 1828). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

arcifer, Callichthys Hensel [R.] 1868:373 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 34 (pt 1); ref. 14075] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype (unique): ZMB 7433. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:111 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Reis in Reis et al. 2003:293 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:111 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:22 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:39 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

armatus, Callichthys Günther [A.] 1868:476 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 1 (no. 6) (art. 56); ref. 1992] Río Huallaga, Amazon system, Peru. Lectotype: BMNH 1867.6.13.51. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1867.6.13.52 (1), 1867.6.13.30 (1); ZMA 109952 [ex BMNH 1867.6.13.31] (1). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:40 [ref. 19236], Ferraris 2007:113 [ref. 29155]. Also appeared in Günther 1868:230, Fig. 1 [ref. 5756]. Lectotype selected by Nijssen & Isbrücker 1908:194 [ref. 6910]. •Valid as Corydoras armatus (Günther 1868) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:365 [ref. 12860], Lasso et al. 2001:98 [ref. 25928], Isbrücker 2001:221 [ref. 26805], Reis in Reis et al. 2003:295 [ref. 27061], Britto & Lima 2003:89 [ref. 27314], Ferraris 2007:113 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:111 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:190 [ref. 35004], Tencatt & Ohara 2016:[12] [ref. 34353], Tencatt et al. 2016:[16] [ref. 34388], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[16] [ref. 35679], Bogotá-Gregory et al. 2020:1401 [ref. 37878], Careaga et al. 2020:77 [ref. 37774], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:25 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Corydoras armatus (Günther 1868). Callichthyidae: Corydoradinae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Ecuador, Peru, Colombia and Bolivia). Habitat: freshwater.

asper, Callichthys Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1824:232 [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil [= Rio Macacu at the village of Japuíba, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 22°33'40"S, 42°41'40"W]. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-1951 (2). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:64 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:110 [ref. 29155]. Type locality restricted by Koerber & Reis 2020:4 [ref. 37463]. •Listed under Callichthys aff. callichthys (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Malabarba 1989:146-146 [ref. 14217]). •Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Reis in Reis et al. 2003:293 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:110 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:22 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:39 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

asper, Callichthys Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:302 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] Cayenne, French Guiana; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. No types known. •Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Reis in Reis et al. 2003:293 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:22 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:39 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

asper, Callichthys Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:157 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] American Rivers. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.193 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:213 [ref. 13434] but as holotype, Ferraris 2007:167 [ref. 29155] •Synonym of Doras cataphractus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wheeler 1958:213 [ref. 13434]). •Synonym of Acanthodoras cataphractus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Sabaj & Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:458 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:167 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthodoras cataphractus (Linnaeus 1758). Doradidae: Acanthodoradinae. Habitat: freshwater.

barbatus, Callichthys Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1824:234 [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Fazenda da Japuhyba near Angra dos Reis, 22°59'S, 44°17'W, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Neotype: CAS 16006 [ex CAS-SU 68290]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:129 [ref. 29155]. Neotype designated by Nijssen & Isbrücker 1980:202 [ref. 6910]. Original type locality specified by Koerber & Reis 2020:4 [ref. 37463] as Rio Inhomirim, village of Inhomirim, city of Magé, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 22°34'34"S, 43°11'05"W. •Valid as Corydoras barbatus (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Nijssen & Isbrücker 1980:202 [ref. 6910], Burgess 1989:365 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:221 [ref. 26805], Reis in Reis et al. 2003:295 [ref. 27061], Shimabukuro-Dias et al. 2004:141 [ref. 27796]). •Valid as Scleromystax barbatus (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Britto 2003:147 [ref. 27338], Britto & Reis 2005:481 [ref. 28458], Knaack 2007:36 [ref. 29221], Ferraris 2007:129 [ref. 29155], Ottoni et al. 2016:133 [ref. 34756], Britto et al. 2016:[9] [ref. 34806], Reis et al. 2020:465 [ref. 38364]). Current status: Valid as Scleromystax barbatus (Quoy & Gaimard 1824). Callichthyidae: Corydoradinae. Distribution: South America: coastal drainages from Rio de Janeiro to Santa Catarina states (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

bolteni, Callichthys callichthys Hoedeman [J. J.] 1952:9 [Beaufortia v. 1 (no. 12); ref. 12773] Suriname. Holotype: ZMA 100303a (head missing). Paratypes: ZMA 100303b (1), 100305 (1), 100307-08 (1, 1), 100313-14 (2, 1). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:40 [ref. 19236], Ferraris 2007:111 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Burgess 1989:364 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Reis in Reis et al. 2003:293 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:111 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:22 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:39 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

caelatus, Callichthys Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:308 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] Bahia and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-4258 (2), 0000-4259 (1 or 2) Bahia. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:64 [ref. 19575] as coelatus, Ferraris 2007:111 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Reis in Reis et al. 2003:293 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:111 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:22 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:39 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

callichthys, Silurus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:307 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] American rivers. Syntypes (?): BMNH 1853.11.12.194 (1, left half skin); NRM 7015 (2), 7018 (1); ZMUU 55 (1). Type information: Wheeler 1989:210-211, Fig. 2B [ref. 21873]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:110 [ref. 29155]. Spelled callychthis in Bloch 1794, pl. 377. The neotype selection by Knaack 2008:21 [ref. 29619] is rejected until possible syntypes are investigated; these potential syntypes have been listed in the Catalog of Fishes database and in Ferraris 2007:110 [ref. 29155] - references not cited by Knaack. •Valid as Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:36 [ref. 37559], Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708], see Malabarba 1989:146 [ref. 14217], Burgess 1989:364 [ref. 12860], Gómez & Chebez 1996:61 [ref. 23791], Torelli et al. 1997:70 [ref. 24612], Britski et al. 1999:124 [ref. 24147], Fuller et al. 1999:218 [ref. 25838], Le Bail et al. 2000:178 [ref. 24549], Marín 2000:69 [ref. 26252], Lasso et al. 2001:97 [ref. 25928], Camargo & Isaac 2001:145 [ref. 27639], Reis in Reis et al. 2003:293 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:42 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:130 [ref. 28130], Trajano et al. 2004:317 [ref. 27653], Menni 2004:81 [ref. 28131] as Callichtys, Ferraris 2007:110 [ref. 29155], Knaack 2008:21 [ref. 29619], Di Dario et al. 2013:262 [ref. 37503], Phillip et al. 2013:18 [ref. 32896], Barriga Salazar 2014:111 [ref. 35745], Litz & Koerber 2014:22 [ref. 33622], Ramos et al. 2014:4 [ref. 35321], Sarmiento et al. 2014:190 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:39 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:416 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:31 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35267], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:72 [ref. 35633], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36506], Brosse et al. 2019:134 [ref. 38320], Dickens 2019:171 [ref. 37135], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2020:5 [ref. 39606], Reis et al. 2020:464 [ref. 38364], Silva et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37809], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:24 [ref. 39298], Brandão et al. 2022:151 [ref. 40464] as Callychthys callychthys, Koerber et al. 2022:45 [ref. 39235], Giora & Wingert 2023:60 [ref. 41026], Loureiro et al. 2023:92 [ref. 40506], Quintela et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40727], Vieira et al. 2023:20 [ref. 40759]). Current status: Valid as Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Distribution: South America. Habitat: freshwater.

chiquitos, Callichthys Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:38, Pl. 18 (fig. 2) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Vicinity of the dry swamps, Province of Chiquitos, Bolivia. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-4285. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:67 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:128 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock 1828) -- (Reis 1997:302 [ref. 22747], Reis in Reis et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:128 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:23 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:39 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock 1828). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

demararae, Callichthys callichthys Hoedeman [J. J.] 1952:10 [Beaufortia v. 1 (no. 12); ref. 12773] Demarara, Guyana. Holotype: ZMA 100304. Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:40 [ref. 19236], Ferraris 2007:111 [ref. 29155]. Based also on specimens described by Eigenmann 1912 (not investigated for type status). •Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Burgess 1989:364 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Reis in Reis et al. 2003:293 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:111 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:23 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:39 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

depressus, Cataphractus Swainson [W.] 1839:304 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Type locality not stated. No types known. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:111 [ref. 29155]. Based on Bloch, pl. 377 -- which is Bloch 1794:Pl. 377 [ref. 463]. •Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Reis in Reis et al. 2003:293 [ref. 27061] Ferraris 2007:111 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:23 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:39 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

exaratus, Callichthys Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.] 1849:630 [Reisen in Britisch-Guiana; ref. 3072] Guyana. Syntypes: ?ZMB 3150 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:129 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Megalechis personata (Ranzani 1841) -- (Reis 1997:313 [ref. 22747], Reis in Reis et al. 2003:305 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Megalechis thoracata (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Reis et al. 2005:678 [ref. 28320], Ferraris 2007:129 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Megalechis thoracata (Valenciennes 1840). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

fabricioi, Callichthys Román-Valencia [C.], Lehmann A. [P.] & Muñoz [A.] 1999:54, Figs. 1-2 [Dahlia (Revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Ictiólogos, ACICTIOS). No. 3; ref. 24926] Zanjón Bagazal, tributary to Rio Cauca, Municipio Buenos Aires, Colombia, 3°03'59"N, 76°33'55"W, elevation 980 meters. Holotype: IUQ 295. Paratypes: ICNMHN 3842 (3); IUQ 152 (1), 305 (4), 306 (4), 307 (1); MCP 21174-75 (2, 3); UV 89018 (2), 91063 (5), 93001-04 (1, 1, 3, 3), 98002 (2), 98031 (3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:111 [ref. 29155], Mojica & Agudelo-Zamora 2018:29 [ref. 36127]. •Valid as Callichthys fabricioi Román-Valencia, Lehmann A. & Muñoz 1999 -- (Reis in Reis et al. 2003:293 [ref. 27061], Trajano et al. 2004:317 [ref. 27653], Ardila Rodríguez 2006:7 [ref. 29567], Ferraris 2007:111 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:72 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Callichthys fabricioi Román-Valencia, Lehmann A. & Muñoz 1999. Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Distribution: Cauca River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

hemiphractus, Callichthys Hensel [R.] 1868:374 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 34 (pt 1); ref. 14075] Costa da Serra, Brazil. Holotype: ZMB 7434 (1 of 2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:111 [ref. 29155]. •Listed under Callichthys aff. callichthys (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Malabarba 1989:146 [ref. 14217]). •Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Reis in Reis et al. 2003:293 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:111 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:23 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:39 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

kneri, Callichthys Gill [T. N.] 1858:394 [34] [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 6 (nos 10-13, art. 38); ref. 1750] Trinidad Island, West Indies. No types known. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:111 [ref. 29155]. On p. 34 of separate. •Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Reis in Reis et al. 2003:293 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:111 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:23 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:39 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

laeviceps, Callichthys Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:309 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] La Mana River, French Guiana. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-1947 (1) La Mana R., 0000-4259 (1) Rio de Janeiro, 0000-4261 (1) La Mana R. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:64 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:111 [ref. 29155] Syntype locality of MNHN 0000-4259 specified by Koerber & Reis 2020:4 [ref. 37463] as Rio Inhomirim, village of Inhomirim, city of Magé, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 22°34'34"S, 43°11'05"W. •Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Reis in Reis et al. 2003:293 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:111 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:23 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:39 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

laevigatus, Callichthys Valenciennes [A.] 1834:Pl. 5 (fig. 2) [Voyage dans l'Amérique méridionale; ref. 20720] Buenos Aires, Argentina. Holotype: in either of MNHN 0000-4271 (2), 0000-4272 (2) Buenos Aires. Non-types: MNHN 0000-4274 (1) Trinidad. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950 [ref. 19575] with syntypes; technically the unique holotype is the figured specimen if it can be determined, Ferraris 2007:127 [ref. 29155]. Name available from plate, description in Valenciennes 1847:7 [ref. 5010]. Pl. 5 was published in 1834. See also Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:314 [ref. 1008]. There is a unique holotype if it can be distinguished. •Synonym of Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock 1828) -- (Burgess 1989:364 [ref. 12860], Reis 1997:302 [ref. 22747], Reis in Reis et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:127 [ref. 29155] dated to 1836, Litz & Koerber 2014:23 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:39 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock 1828). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

littoralis, Callichthys Hancock [J.] 1828:244 [Zoological Journal, London v. 4; ref. 18242] Demerara, Guyana. Holotype: BMNH 1996.7.11.1. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:127 [ref. 29155]. Uncertain if name was based on 1 or more than 1 specimen. •Mention -- (Malabarba 1989:148 [ref. 14217]). •Valid as Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock 1828) [sometimes as littoralis in earlier literature] -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:364 [ref. 12860], Gómez & Chebez 1996:61 [ref. 23791], Fernández & Butí 1996:254 [ref. 22775], Reis 1997:302 [ref. 22747], de Oliveira & de Moraes Junior 1997:1 [ref. 23461], Sverlij et al. 1998:65 [ref. 27632], Britski et al. 1999:125 [ref. 24147], Román-Valencia et al. 1999:60 [ref. 24926], Butí & Cancino 1999:71 [ref. 25277], Fuller et al. 1999:220 [ref. 25838], Le Bail et al. 2000:180 [ref. 24549], Lasso et al. 2001:98 [ref. 25928], Reis in Reis et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:43 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:131 [ref. 28130], Nelson et al. 2004:83 [ref. 27807], Menni 2004:81 [ref. 28131], Ferraris 2007:127 [ref. 29155], Scharpf 2007:5 [ref. 30398], Page & Burr 2011:369 [ref. 31215], Di Dario et al. 2013:262 [ref. 37503], Page et al. 2013:81 [ref. 32708], Phillip et al. 2013:19 [ref. 32896], Barriga Salazar 2014:111 [ref. 35745], Litz & Koerber 2014:23 [ref. 33622], Ramos et al. 2014:4 [ref. 35321], Sarmiento et al. 2014:149, 190 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:39 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:416 [ref. 34561], Melo et al. 2016:376 [ref. 35317], Nión et al. 2016:31 [ref. 35565], Costa et al. 2017:45 [ref. 35684], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:72 [ref. 35633], Koerber et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35267], Robins et al. 2018:143 [ref. 35886], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:76 [ref. 35773], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2020:5 [ref. 39606], Reis et al. 2020:465 [ref. 38364], Silva et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37809], Silvano et al. 2020:222 [ref. 38135], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:25 [ref. 39298], Brandão et al. 2022:153 [ref. 40464], Koerber et al. 2022:46 [ref. 39235], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:457 [ref. 40760], Giora & Wingert 2023:64 [ref. 41026], Loureiro et al. 2023:92 [ref. 40506], Page et al. 2023:80 [ref. 40505], Quintela et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40727], Vieira et al. 2023:20 [ref. 40759]). Current status: Valid as Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock 1828). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Distribution: Widespread in South America. Introduced in Florida (U.S.A). Habitat: freshwater.

longifilis, Callichthys Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:317 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] Cayenne, French Guiana. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-4284. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:66-67 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:129 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Megalechis thoracata (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Reis 1997:310 [ref. 22747], Reis in Reis et al. 2003:305 [ref. 27061], Reis et al. 2005:678 [ref. 28320], Ferraris 2007:129 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Megalechis thoracata (Valenciennes 1840). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

loricatus, Callichthys Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:157 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Tropical America. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1853.11.12.194. Type information: Wheeler 1989:212, Fig. 2B [ref. 21873]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:111 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Reis in Reis et al. 2003:293 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:111 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:23 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:39 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

maculatus, Corydoras Steindachner [F.] 1879:32 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 16 (no. 4); ref. 20480] La Plata [river], Argentina. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:122 [ref. 29155]. No types known, and species not included in subsequent detailed work (Steindachner 1879 [ref. 4228]), but may be referable to Corydoras marmoratus found in main work [ref. 4228] but not abstract [ref. 20480]. Original entry as "Corydoras maculatus Steind. = Coryd. (Callichthys) punctatus Valenc. partim, nec. Bloch.". Probably later described as "Corydoras marmoratus n. sp.? (an. Coryd. punctatus sp. Bloch, var. argentina Steind.)". See also Nijssen & Isbrücker 1980:204 [ref. 6910], Grant 2018:28 [ref. 36057]. •Doubtful species -- (Isbrücker 2001:229 [ref. 26805]). •Synonym of Corydoras paleatus (Jenyns 1842) -- (Nijssen & Isbrücker 1980:204 [ref. 6910], Reis in Reis et al. 2003:301 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:122 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:23 [ref. 33622], Grant 2018:26 [ref. 36057]). •Not a synonym of Corydoras paleatus (Jenyns 1842) -- (Tencatt et al. 2016:[10] [ref. 34388]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Corydoras paleatus (Jenyns 1842). Callichthyidae: Corydoradinae. Habitat: freshwater.

melampterus, Callichthys Cope [E. D.] 1872:275, Pl. 14 (figs. 4-5) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Río Ambyiacu, Peru. Lectotype: ANSP 8318. Paralectotypes: ANSP 8319-28 (10, 1 c&s). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:32 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:128 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype selected by Reis 1997:303 [ref. 22747]. •Valid as Cataphractops melampterus (Cope 1872) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:364 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock 1828) -- (Reis 1997:302 [ref. 22747], Reis in Reis et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:128 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:23 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:39 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock 1828). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

oibaensis, Callichthys Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2006:3, Figs. 2, 3A, 4A-C, 5A-C, 6A-B, 7, 8A-B [Dahlia (Revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Ictiólogos, ACICTIOS). v. 9; ref. 29567] Vereda Las Monjas, Río Oibita, tributary of Río Suárez, Departamento de Santander, Colombia, elevation 1450 meters. Holotype: CAR 251. Paratypes: CAR 250 (7); IMCN 3310 (2), CZUT-IC 1837 (2), IAvH-P 5730 (1), ICNMNH 13396 (2), MBUCV-V 32798 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:111 [ref. 29155]; DoNascimiento et al. 2016:409 [ref. 34787], Mojica & Agudelo-Zamora 2018:30 [ref. 36127]. Appeared first in ref. 28601 as unavailable -- distributed primarily to members of a symposium and not published. •Valid as Callichthys oibaensis Ardila Rodríguez 2006 -- (Ferraris 2007:111 [ref. 29155] dated 2005, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:72 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Callichthys oibaensis Ardila Rodríguez 2006. Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Distribution: Suárez River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

paleatus, Callichthys Jenyns [L.] 1842:113 [The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Beagle; ref. 2344] Laguna del Potrero, Maldonado, Uruguay, 34°50'28"S, 55°08'43"W. Lectotype: BMNH 1917.7.14.18 [ex Cambridge Mus.]. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1917.7.14.19 and 19a [ex Cambridge Mus.] (2) South America. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:122 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype selected by Nijssen & Isbrücker 1980:204 [ref. 6910]. But Knaack 2007:23 [ref. 29220] regarded BMNH 1917.1.14.18 as not the lectotype, finding the lectotype to be lost; he selected BMNH 1917.7.14.19 as the neotype (following Art. 75). Knaack 2008:15 [ref. 29618] retracted his neotype designation and supported the lectotype designation by Nijssen & Isbrücker. Callichthys punctatus Valenciennes 1834 is the senior synonym of C. paleatus Jenyns 1842, but C. paleatus is a nomen protectum when in Corydoras due to secondary homonymy of C. punctatus (see Grant 2018:26 [ref. 36057]). Comments on type locality by Calvino 2020:60 [ref. 38040]. •Valid as Corydoras paleatus (Jenyns 1842) -- (Nijssen & Isbrücker 1980:204 [ref. 6910], Malabarba 1989:147 [ref. 14217], Burgess 1989:366 [ref. 12860], Gómez & Chebez 1996:62 [ref. 23791], Haro et al. 1996:6 [ref. 25004], Sverlij et al. 1998:64 [ref. 27632], Britski et al. 1999:126 [ref. 24147], Britto et al. 2002:735 [ref. 26546], Isbrücker 2001:232 [ref. 26805], Reis in Reis et al. 2003:301 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:43 [ref. 27366], Axenrot & Kullander 2003:265 [ref. 27393], Britto & Lima 2003:89 [ref. 27314], Shimabukuro-Dias et al. 2004:141 [ref. 27796], Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131], Knaack 2007:23 [ref. 29220], Knaack 2007:23 [ref. 29220], Knaack 2007:36 [ref. 29221], Ferraris 2007:122 [ref. 29155], Calviño & Alonso 2010:200 [ref. 30829], Mabragaña et al. 2011:table S2 [ref. 31800], Tencatt et al. 2014:78 [ref. 33230], Tencatt et al. 2014:91 [ref. 33232], Fabiano et al. 2014:8 [ref. 33530], Litz & Koerber 2014:23 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:190 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:40 [ref. 35117], Tencatt & Pavanelli 2015:294 [ref. 35434], Tencatt & Ohara 2016:[13] [ref. 34353], Tencatt & Evers 2016:[11] [ref. 34387], Tencatt et al. 2016:[3] [ref. 34388], Ottoni et al. 2016:133 [ref. 34756], Bertaco et al. 2016:416 [ref. 34561], Koerber & Litz 2016:5 [ref. 35098], Nión et al. 2016:31 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:6 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35632], Grant 2018:26 [ref. 36057], Koerber et al. 2019:7 [ref. 36736], Calvino 2020:60 [ref. 38040], Koerber et al. 2020:5 [ref. 37480], Lima & Britto 2020:528 [ref. 37324], Koerber et al. 2021:6 [ref. 38894], Giora & Wingert 2023:62 [ref. 41026], Koerber et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40355], Loureiro et al. 2023:94 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Corydoras paleatus (Jenyns 1842). Callichthyidae: Corydoradinae. Distribution: South America: lower Paraná River basin and coastal rivers (southern Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay and Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

pectoralis, Callichthys Boulenger [G. A.] 1895:525 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1895 (pt 3); ref. 14576] Monte Sociedad, Chaco Dept., Paraguay. Lectotype: BMNH 1895.5.17.57. Paralectotypes: (several) BMNH 1895.5.17.58-61 (4). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:128 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype selected by Knaack 2006:54 [ref. 30731]. •Valid as Hoplosternum pectorale (Boulenger 1895) -- (Burgess 1989:364 [ref. 12860], de Oliveira & de Moraes Junior 1997:2 [ref. 23461], Britski et al. 1999:125 [ref. 24147]). •Valid as Lepthoplosternum pectorale (Boulenger 1895) -- (Reis 1997:316 [ref. 22747], Reis 1998:353 [ref. 23849], Reis in Reis et al. 2003:305 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:43 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:132 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:81 [ref. 28131], Reis & Kaefer 2005:724 [ref. 28481], Knaack 2006:49 [ref. 30731], Ferraris 2007:128 [ref. 29155], Zarucki et al. 2010:192 [ref. 34811], Litz & Koerber 2014:23 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:190 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:39 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:416 [ref. 34561], Koerber et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35267], Reis et al. 2020:465 [ref. 38364], Loureiro et al. 2023:92 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Lepthoplosternum pectorale (Boulenger 1895). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

personatus, Callichthys Ranzani [C.] 1841:62 [Nuovi annali delle scienze naturali e rendiconto dei lavori dell'Accademia della Scienze dell'Instituto di Bologna con appendice agraria. Bologna Anno III, Tomo V; ref. 24074] Brazil. Holotype (unique): MZUB 934. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:129 [ref. 29155]. Also appeared in more detail in Ranzani 1842:322, Pl. 24 [ref. 18607]. •Valid as Hoplosternum personatum (Ranzani 1841) -- (Britski et al. 1999:125 [ref. 24147]). •Valid as Megalechis personata (Ranzani 1841) -- (Reis 1997:313 [ref. 22747], Román-Valencia et al. 1999:60 [ref. 24926], Reis in Reis et al. 2003:305 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Megalechis thoracata (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Reis et al. 2005:678 [ref. 28320], Ferraris 2007:129 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento 2016:531 [ref. 34727]). Current status: Synonym of Megalechis thoracata (Valenciennes 1840). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

pictus, Callichthys Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.] 1849:630 [Reisen in Britisch-Guiana; ref. 3072] Guyana. Syntypes: ZMB 3151 (1). •Synonym of Megalechis thoracata (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Reis 1997:310 [ref. 22747], Reis in Reis et al. 2003:305 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento 2016:531 [ref. 34727]). •Valid as Megalechis picta (Müller & Troschel 1849) -- (Reis et al. 2005:680 [ref. 28320], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:72 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:77 [ref. 35773], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:25 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Megalechis picta (Müller & Troschel 1849). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Distribution: South America: east of the Andes in the Amazon, Orinoco and Essequibo river basins (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

punctatus, Callichthis Valenciennes [A.] 1834:Pl. 5 (fig. 1) [Voyage dans l'Amérique méridionale; ref. 20720] Probably around Montevideo (Valenciennes 1840). Holotype not preserved. Genus should have been Callichthys (see Grant 2018:26 [ref. 36057]). Secondary homonym of Cataphractus punctatus Bloch 1794 when in Corydoras. Name available from plate, description in Valenciennes 1847:8 [ref. 5010] as Callichthys punctatus. See also Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:318 [ref. 1008]. Holotype is the specimen illustrated on Pl. 5, which was published in 1834. •Synonym of Corydoras paleatus (Jenyns 1842) or Corydoras geoffroy Lacepède 1803 -- (Isbrücker 1999:38 [ref. 24040]). •Senior synonym of Corydoras paleatus (Jenyns 1842) and nomen oblitum -- (Grant 2018:26 [ref. 36057]). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Corydoras paleatus (Jenyns 1842). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

serralabium, Callichthys Lehmann A. [P.] & Reis [R. E.] 2004:339, Figs. 1, 2B, 3A [Copeia 2004 (no. 2); ref. 27654] Laguna Tonina, 1 kilometer upstream from La Esmeralda, upper Río Orinoco, 3°08'00"N, 65°32'00"W, La Esmeralda, Estado amazonas, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV-V 30980. Paratypes: AMNH 9613 (2), 74817 (1); ANSP 162690 (16); MCP 30693 (5); MHNUC 300 (1); MZUSP 64365 (1), 64367 (1); USNM 268859 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:111 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Callichthys serralabium Lehmann A. & Reis 2004 -- (Ferraris 2007:111 [ref. 29155], Bogotá-Gregory et al. 2020:1400 [ref. 37878]). Current status: Valid as Callichthys serralabium Lehmann A. & Reis 2004. Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Distribution: South America: upper Orinoco and upper Negro River basins (southern Venezuela, Colombia and northern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

splendens, Callichthys Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:39, Pl. 18 (fig. 3) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Rio Tocantins, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-4291. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:65 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:125 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Brochis splendens (Castelnau 1855) -- (Nijssen & Isbrücker 1970:157 [ref. 22239], Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:364 [ref. 12860], Britski et al. 1999:127 [ref. 24147], Isbrücker 2001:218 [ref. 26805], Reis in Reis et al. 2003:293 [ref. 27061], Barriga S. 2012:111 [ref. 35745]). •Valid as Corydoras splendens (Castelnau 1855) -- (Ferraris 2007:125 [ref. 29155], Tencatt et al. 2013:258 [ref. 32752], Barriga Salazar 2014:111 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:190 [ref. 35004], Tencatt et al. 2014:78 [ref. 33230], Tencatt & Pavanelli 2015:294 [ref. 35434], Tencatt & Evers 2016:[12] [ref. 34387], Tencatt & Ohara 2016:[13] [ref. 34353], Tencatt et al. 2016:[18] [ref. 34388], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:73 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:25 [ref. 39298], Koerber et al. 2022:48 [ref. 39235]). Current status: Valid as Corydoras splendens (Castelnau 1855). Callichthyidae: Corydoradinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

subulatus, Callichthys Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:311 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] Cayenne, French Guiana; Buenos Aires, Argentina. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-4268 to 4269 (1, 1) Cayenne, 0000-4270 (1) Buenos Aires. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:66 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:127 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock 1828) -- (Reis 1997:302 [ref. 22747], Reis in Reis et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:127 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:23 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:39 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock 1828). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

sulcatus, Callichthys Kner [R.] 1855:110 [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 17; ref. 2629] Marabitanos, Rio Branco, Brazil. Lectotype: NMW 47755 [as 4775 on p. 312]. Paralectotypes: NMW 47748 (1), 47756 (1), 47760 (1), 47767 (2), 47771 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:129 [ref. 29155]. Appeared first as name only in Kner 1854:141 [separate p. 6] [ref. 18262]. Lectotype selected by Reis 1997:311, 313 [ref. 22747]. •Synonym of Megalechis thoracata (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Reis 1997:310 [ref. 22747], Reis in Reis et al. 2003:305 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Megalechis picta (Müller & Troschel 1849) -- (Reis et al. 2005:680 [ref. 28320], Ferraris 2007:129 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Megalechis picta (Müller & Troschel 1849). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

taiosh, Callichthys Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:39, Pl. 19 (fig. 1) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Chiquitos, Bolivia. Holotype: MNHN 0000-4290. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:125 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Brochis taiosh (Castelnau 1855) -- (Isbrücker 2001:218 [ref. 26805] as a doubtful species). •Synonym of Brochis splendens (Castelnau 1855) -- (Nijssen & Isbrücker 1970:157 [ref. 22239], Reis in Reis et al. 2003:293 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Corydoras splendens (Castelnau 1855) -- (Ferraris 2007:125 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Corydoras splendens (Castelnau 1855). Callichthyidae: Corydoradinae. Habitat: freshwater.

tamoata, Callichthys Bleeker [P.] 1864:22 [Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlem (Ser. 2) v. 20; ref. 14181] Suriname. Syntypes: (10) RMNH and literature sources. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:111 [ref. 29155]. Based on name given by Linnaeus in 1754, and named by Linnaeus in 1758 as callichthys (see Boeseman 1972:315 [ref. 19698]). •Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Reis in Reis et al. 2003:293 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:111 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:23 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:39 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

thoracatus, Callichthys Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:309, Pl. 443 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] Mana River, French Guiana. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-4266. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:65 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:129 [ref. 29155]. •Mention -- (Malabarba 1989:148 [ref. 14217]). •Valid as Hoplosternum thoracatum (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:37 [ref. 37559], Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:364 [ref. 12860], de Oliveira & de Moraes Junior 1997:2 [ref. 23461], Galvis et al. 1997:78 [ref. 23651], Torelli et al. 1997:70 [ref. 24612]). •Valid as Megalechis thoracata (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Reis 1997:310 [ref. 22747], Román-Valencia et al. 1999:60 [ref. 24926], Le Bail et al. 2000:182 [ref. 24549], Lasso et al. 2001:98 [ref. 25928], Camargo & Isaac 2001:145 [ref. 27639], Reis in Reis et al. 2003:305 [ref. 27061], Reis et al. 2005:678 [ref. 28320], Ferraris 2007:129 [ref. 29155], Phillip et al. 2013:19 [ref. 32896], Barriga Salazar 2014:111 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:150, 190 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento 2016:531 [ref. 34727], Melo et al. 2016:134 [ref. 34701], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:72 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:25 [ref. 39298], Koerber et al. 2022:47 [ref. 39235], Gurgel-Lourenço et al. 2023:75 [ref. 41056], Vieira et al. 2023:20 [ref. 40759]). Current status: Valid as Megalechis thoracata (Valenciennes 1840). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon, Orinoco and Paraguay River basins, and coastal rivers of the Guianas and northern Brazil (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.