Species that contain: Carassius and auratus and auratus [ 48 ] records

abbreviatus, Cyprinus Richardson [J.] 1846:292 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China. No types known. Based solely on illustration by Reeves (see Whitehead 1970:209, Pl. 12c [ref. 11606]). •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 2013:85 [ref. 32989]). •Not treated by Zhang et al. 2016:83 [ref. 34477] Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

americanus, Carassius auratus var. Wolf [H. T.] 1908:39, Fig. 6 [ ref. 34771] Domesticated goldfish. No types known. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

argenteaphthalmus, Carassius auratus Nguyen [V. H.] in Nguyen & Ngô 2001:570, Fig. 294 [Freshwater fishes of Viet Nam. Volume I. Family Cyprinidae v. 1; ref. 28301] Diên Biên Phu, Lai Châu, Vietnam. Holotype: VNCNTTS I: H.01.105.02.01. Paratypes: VNCNTTS I: H.01.105.02.02 (5). •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies argenteaphthalmus Nguyen 2001 as described. •Mention -- (Kalous et al. 2012:11 [ref. 32063]). •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1728) -- (Kottelat 2013:85 [ref. 32989] with question, Rylková et al. 2018:[5] [ref. 35881] with question). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Distribution: Northwestern Vietnam: Diên Biên, Tuân Giáo, Lai Châu and Thuân Châu County Son La [this subspecies if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

ater, Carassius auratus Bade [E.] 1894:13 [ ref. 34766] Domesticated aquarium fish. No types known. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

auratus, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:322 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] China; Japanese rivers. No types known. Neotype designation by Fricke 1999:83 [ref. 24106] is invalid; see Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. Paepke 1999:70 [ref. 24282] treats types for Cyprinus auratus var. a and var. c of Bloch 1784. Also appeared in Linnaeus 1759:252 [ref. 24770]. •Valid as Cyprinus auratus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Herrera 1896:21 [ref. 39336]). •Valid as Carassius carassius (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies auratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kuroda 1953:276 [ref. 39545]). •Valid as Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies auratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Cheng & Zhou 1997:185 [ref. 26385], Szczerbowski in Bănărescu & Paepke 2002:5 [ref. 25856], López et al. 2003:9 [ref. 27366], Jang et al. 2003:119 [ref. 27681], Hammer & Walker 2004:91 [ref. 28129], Menni 2004:71 [ref. 28131], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:60 [ref. 28183], Mundy 2005:150 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:346 [ref. 29004], Fricke et al. 2007:36 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:142 [ref. 29996], McPhail 2007:60 [ref. 31199], Shrestha 2008:55 [ref. 29923], Fricke et al. 2009:23 [ref. 30213], Minckley & Marsh 2009:175 [ref. 31114], Coad 2010:156 [ref. 36620], Esmaeili et al. 2010:368 [ref. 33391], Fricke et al. 2011:355 [ref. 31242], Page & Burr 2011:154 [ref. 31215], Marshall 2011:121 [ref. 31755], Yang 2011:4747 [ref. 37585], Kalous et al. 2012:11 [ref. 32063], Kottelat 2013:84 [ref. 32989], Angulo et al. 2013:991 [ref. 33194], Khalaf 2013:4 [ref. 37897], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], McDowall & Stewart 2015:312 [ref. 34241], Zhang et al. 2016:83 [ref. 34477], Miesen et al. 2016:82 [ref. 34492]). •Valid as Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:820 [ref. 20661], Okada 1961:526 [ref. 6363], Chen & Huang 1977:432 [ref. 8497], Mai 1978:24 [ref. 13511], Lee et al. 1980:147 [ref. 22416], Coad 1981:9 [ref. 22348], Cadwallader & Backhouse 1983:164 [ref. 25473], Wang 1984:15 [ref. 22951], Kuang in Kuang et al. 1986:143 [ref. 26639], Smith 1986:119 [ref. 22186], Lelek 1987:171 [ref. 22962], Robison & Buchanan 1988:173 [ref. 23393], Paxton et al. 1989:216 [ref. 12442], Zhou in Chu & Chen 1989:350 [ref. 13584], Paulin et al. 1989:81 [ref. 24556], Zheng et al. 1989:239 [ref. 21202], McAllister 1990:58 [ref. 14674], Tomelleri & Eberle 1990:81 [ref. 24089], Page & Burr 1991:64 [ref. 18983], Coad 1991:15 [ref. 15702], Yang 1991:198 [ref. 13585], Liu in Pan et al. 1991:229 [ref. 23876], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:161 [ref. 20764], Wu & Wu 1992:517 [ref. 21205], Boschung 1992:45 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:141 [ref. 22809], Kottelat et al. 1993:33 [ref. 23448], Skelton 1993:189 [ref. 24071], Ding 1994:419 [ref. 21531], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:275 [ref. 21581], La Rivers 1994:454 [ref. 23389], Coad 1995:14 [ref. 23608], Baxter & Stone 1995:58 [ref. 23374], Stauffer et al. 1995:61 [ref. 23376], Yang & Chen 1995:99 [ref. 23555], Cross & Collins 1995:53 [ref. 23394], Zhu 1995:99 [ref. 25213], Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079], Brumley in McDowall 1996:99 [ref. 22909], Coad 1996:84 [ref. 25304], Mettee et al. 1996:151 [ref. 25836], Sigler & Sigler 1996:66 [ref. 25943], Murdy et al. 1997:85 [ref. 23144], Kim 1997:158 [ref. 24032], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:736 [ref. 24702], Vu & Nguyen 1997:26 [ref. 26438], Bianco 1997:620 [ref. 26725], Chen in Chen 1998:259 [ref. 23556], Bogutskaya 1998:91 [ref. 23589], Castro et al. 1998:79 [ref. 24271], Scott & Crossman 1998:391 [ref. 24570], Fricke 1999:83 [ref. 24106], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:147 [ref. 25013], Fuller et al. 1999:53 [ref. 25838], Dyer 2000:89 [ref. 26678], Rafique 2000:324 [ref. 25220], Luo & Yue in Yue 2000:429 [ref. 25272], Kim et al. 2000:224 [ref. 25434], Lyons et al. 2000:47 [ref. 26594], Tang et al. 2001:13 [ref. 25373], Kottelat 2001:20 [ref. 25482], Pietsch et al. 2001:139 [ref. 25688], Kottelat 2001:42 [ref. 25780], Hutchins 2001:21 [ref. 25847], Ross et al. 2001:130 [ref. 25978], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:44 [ref. 26178], Wang et al. 2001:164 [ref. 26566], Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:194 [ref. 26728], Skelton 2001:189 [ref. 27406], Kim & Park 2002:55 [ref. 25913], Allen et al. 2002:360 [ref. 25930], Choi et al. 2003:156, 501 [ref. 26218], Moyle 2002:170 [ref. 26449], Mirza 2003:12 [ref. 27265], Wydoski & Whitney 2003:120 [ref. 27816], Bailey et al. 2004:72 [ref. 27882], Nelson et al. 2004:68 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:88 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:155 [ref. 27995], Hanel & Lusk 2005:263 [ref. 28804], Scharpf 2005:12 [ref. 28940], Hammer et al. 2012:66 [ref. 32389], Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:869 [ref. 34062], Barbieri et al. 2015:48 [ref. 35029], Esmaeili et al. 2015:120 [ref. 35030], Mirande & Koerber 2015:10 [ref. 35117], Çiçek et al. 2015:144 [ref. 35151], Esmaeili et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35254], Kottelat 2017:327 [ref. 35658], Esmaeili et al. 2018:23 [ref. 36089], Fricke et al. 2018:58 [ref. 35805], Kuiter 2018:98 [ref. 36369], Rylková et al. 2018:[6] [ref. 35881], Al-Moussawi & Afrasiab 2019:36 [ref. 37204], Ćaleta et al. 2019:152 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Zhang et al. 2019:351 [ref. 36699], Çiçek et al. 2020:248 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:61 [ref. 37983], Reis et al. 2020:456 [ref. 38364], Rodríguez-Barrera et al. 2020:45 [ref. 37800], Angulo 2021:13 [ref. 38913], Baikeche et al. 2021:959 [ref. 39080], Fu et al. 2021:9571 [ref. 39347], Guo 2021:472 [ref. 38617], Taki et al. 2021:153 [ref. 39830], Çiçek et al. 2022:4 [ref. 38985], Jamaluddin et al. 2022:[5] [ref. 39245], Pozdeev et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39511] species complex, Chan et al. 2023:134 [ref. 40365], Chen et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40668], Çiçek et al. 2023:22 [ref. 40326], Çiçek et al. 2023:458 [ref. 40601], Çiçek et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2023:362 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[11] [ref. 40328], Jamandre 2023:165 [ref. 40455], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2023:30 [ref. 40667], Page et al. 2023:66 [ref. 40505], Saad et al. 2023:18 [ref. 40501], Shumka et al. 2023:37 [ref. 40747], Çiçek et al. 2024:137 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Distribution: East Asia: China and Japan. Introduced widely elsewhere; many cultivated goldfish varieties. Habitat: freshwater.

auratus, Leuciscus Mauduyt [F.] 1849:32 [Bulletin Société Académique d'Agriculture, Belles-Lettres, Sciences et Arts de Poitiers 1848, v. 3, fasc. 9-12; ref. 17615] Treated as available by Kottelat 1997:51 [ref. 22952] and as a secondary homonym of Cyprinus auratus Linnaeus 1758. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

burgeri, Carassius Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1846:194, Pl. 98 (figs. 2, 2a-b) [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Japan. Lectotype: RMNH 2392. Paralectotypes: (12) RMNH 2389 (4), 2390 (1), 2391 (2), 36375 (2). Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:154 [ref. 12876]. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:820 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Carassius carassius (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:342 [ref. 25598]). •Mention -- (Kalous et al. 2012:11 [ref. 32063]). •Valid as Carassius buergeri Temminck & Schlegel 1846, valid subspecies buergeri Temminck & Schlegel 1846 -- (Saiki et al. 2023:69 [ref. 40766]). •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:57 [ref. 6441] as buergeri, Nakabo 2000:254 [ref. 25086] as buergeri, Nakabo 2002:254 [ref. 26001] as buergeri). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

cantonensis, Carassius auratus var. Tchang [T.-L.] 1933:27, Fig. 8 [Zoologica Sinica Ser. B v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 16463] Canton, China. Holotype (unique): ZMFMIB (now ASIZB) 9236. •Synonym of Carassius carassius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Chen & Huang 1977:432 [ref. 8497]). •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Zheng et al. 1989:239 [ref. 21202], Liu in Pan et al. 1991:229 [ref. 23876], Luo & Yue in Yue 2000:430 [ref. 25272] as contonensis, Kottelat 2013:85 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

chinensis, Cyprinus Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:181 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Chinese rivers. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.149-152 (4, skins). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:212 [ref. 13434]. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wheeler 1958:212 [ref. 13434], Kottelat 2013:85 [ref. 32989]). •Not treated by Zhang et al. 2016:83 [ref. 34477]. Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

coeruleus, Carassius Basilewsky [S.] 1855:229, Pl. 9 (fig. 2) [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] Northern China. No types at ZIN. •Synonym of Carassius carassius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Chen & Huang 1977:432 [ref. 8497]). •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Luo & Yue in Yue 2000:429 [ref. 25272], Kottelat 2013:85 [ref. 32989]). •Not treated by Zhang et al. 2016:83 [ref. 34477]. Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

coeruleus, Carassius auratus Bade [E.] 1894:13 [ ref. 34766] Domesticated aquarium fish. No types known. Primary homonym of Carassius coeruleus Basilewsky 1855, permanently invalid. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

coeruleus, Cyprinus Brind [W. L.] 1914:25 [Domesticated fish; ref. 21099] Japan. No types known. Domesticated goldfish described earlier by Bade 1894. 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

cuvieri, Carassius Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1846:194, 195, Pl. 98 (figs. 3, 3a-b) [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Japan. Lectotype: RMNH 2386. Paralectotypes: (19) RMNH 2382-85 (7, 2, 3, 1), ?2386 (1). Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:155 [ref. 12876]. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:58 [ref. 6441], Zhou in Chu & Chen 1989:352 [ref. 13584], Zhu 1995:99, 203 [ref. 25213]). •Valid as Carassius cuvieri Temminck & Schlegel 1846 -- (Okamura & Machida 1987:101 [ref. 22279], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:346 [ref. 25598], Kim 1997:509 [ref. 24032], Watanabe 1998:262 [ref. 23491], Nakabo 2000:253 [ref. 25086], Matsuura et al. 2000:73 [ref. 26000], Sakai et al. 2001:87 [ref. 25693], Nakabo 2002:253 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:157, 501 [ref. 26218], Kalous et al. 2012:11 [ref. 32063], Rylková et al. 2018:[6] [ref. 35881]). Current status: Valid as Carassius cuvieri Temminck & Schlegel 1846. Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Distribution: Japan and Taiwan. Habitat: freshwater.

discolor, Carassius Basilewsky [S.] 1855:229 [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] Northern China. No types at ZIN. •Synonym of Carassius carassius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Chen & Huang 1977:432 [ref. 8497]). •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Luo & Yue in Yue 2000:429 [ref. 25272], Kottelat 2013:85 [ref. 32989]). •Not treated by Zhang et al. 2016:83 [ref. 34477] Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

discolor, Carassius auratus Bade [E.] 1894:13 [ ref. 34766] Domesticated aquarium fish. No types known. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

elegans, Carassius auratus Bade [E.] 1894:13 [ ref. 34766] Domesticated aquarium fish. No types known. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

europensis, Carassius auratus var. Wolf [H. T.] 1908:39, Fig. 7 [ ref. 34771] Domesticated goldfish. No types known. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

gibelio, Cyprinus Bloch [M. E.] 1782:71, Pl. 12 [M. Marcus Elieser Bloch's ..., ausübenden Arztes zu Berlin, Oeconomische Naturgeschichte der Fische Deutschlands v. 1; ref. 19643] Olsche River pond, Odra River system, near Czech Teschen, Czech Republic, 49°47'11"N, 18°35'24"E. Neotype: ZMB 33979. On p. 61 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 1 [ref. 21381]. See discussion of systematics in Kottelat 2006:28 [ref. 28831]. Neotype selected by Kalous et al. 2012:15 [ref. 32063]. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Berg 1949:826 [ref. 20661], Chen & Huang 1977:432 [ref. 8497], Wang 1984:17 [ref. 22951], Mitrofanov et al. 1988:212 [ref. 37734], Coad 1995:14 [ref. 23608], Zhu 1995:99 [ref. 25213], Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:45 [ref. 22798], Chereshnev 1996:599 [ref. 24659], Cheng & Zhou 1997:187 [ref. 26385] dated 1783, Nikiforov et al. 1997:330 [ref. 24694], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:736 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:91 [ref. 23589], Luo & Yue in Yue 2000:432 [ref. 25272], Chereshnev et al. 2001:40 [ref. 26736], Zemnukhov et al. 2001:420 [ref. 25412], Sheiko & Fedorov 2000:17 [ref. 25650], Szczerbowski in Bănărescu & Paepke 2002:6 [ref. 25856], Sideleva 2001:52 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:10 [ref. 27815], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:167 [ref. 28369], Zhang et al. 2016:84 [ref. 34477]). •Valid as Carassius gibelio (Bloch 1782) -- (Herrera 1896:23 [ref. 39336] with author as Gmelin, Kottelat 1997:52 [ref. 22952], Gabrielyan 2001:26 [ref. 25867], Hanel 2003:53 [ref. 27894], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:61 [ref. 28183], Kottelat 2006:27 [ref. 28831], Ocock et al. 2006:32 [ref. 28933], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:145 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:321 [ref. 30085] with question, Esmaeili et al. 2010:368 [ref. 33391], Kalous et al. 2012:11 [ref. 32063] as possibly involving two species, Parin et al. 2014:71 [ref. 33547], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:869 [ref. 34062], Barbieri et al. 2015:49 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:144 [ref. 35151], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:657 [ref. 34853], Semenchenko et al. 2016:186 [ref. 34974], Esmaeili et al. 2017:43 [ref. 35254], Kottelat 2017:327 [ref. 35658], Romanov et al. 2017:821 [ref. 35687], Esmaeili et al. 2018:23 [ref. 36089], Rylková et al. 2018:[6] [ref. 35881], Ćaleta et al. 2019:152 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Özuluğ & Saç 2019:26 [ref. 36599], Bayçelebi 2020:752 [ref. 37964], Çiçek et al. 2020:248 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:62 [ref. 37983], Kaya et al. 2020:330 [ref. 37582], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[4] [ref. 37535], Bayhan 2021:242 [ref. 40683], Dyldin et al. 2021:20 [ref. 38804], Dyldin & Orlov 2021:64 [ref. 38158], Al-Faisal et al. 2022:1399 [ref. 39565], Çiçek et al. 2022:4 [ref. 38985], Çiçek et al. 2023:51 [ref. 40326], Çiçek et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2023:362 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2023:152 [ref. 40728], Dyldin et al. 2023:[11] [ref. 40328], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2023:30 [ref. 40667], Nagy et al. 2023:356 [ref. 40348], Page et al. 2023:66 [ref. 40505], Saad et al. 2023:18 [ref. 40501], Shumka et al. 2023:37 [ref. 40747], Çiçek et al. 2024:138 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Carassius gibelio (Bloch 1782). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Distribution: Eurasia: eastern Europe, Russia to northeastern China. Introduced widely elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

gibelioides, Cyprinus Cantor [T. E.] 1842:485 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (New Series) v. 9 (nos 58, 59, 60); ref. 17344] Chusan Island, China. No types known. •Synonym of Carassius carassius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Chen & Huang 1977:432 [ref. 8497]). •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Luo & Yue in Yue 2000:429 [ref. 25272], Kottelat 2013:85 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies auratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Szczerbowski in Bănărescu & Paepke 2002:5 [ref. 25856], Zhang et al. 2016:83 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

grandoculis, Carassius Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1846:195, Pl. 98 (figs. 4, 4a-b) [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Japan. Holotype (unique): RMNH 2393. Type information: Boeseman 1947:155 [ref. 12876]. •Synonym of Carassius carassius (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:344 [ref. 25598]). Mention -- (Kalous et al. 2012:11 [ref. 32063]). •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:58 [ref. 6441], Watanabe 1998:262 [ref. 23491], Nakabo 2000:254 [ref. 25086], Matsuura et al. 2000:61 [ref. 26000], Nakabo 2002:254 [ref. 26001]). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

gyrantes, Carassius auratus Bade [E.] 1894:13 [ ref. 34766] Domesticated aquarium fish. No types known. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

indigentiaus, Carassius auratus Yang [P.-H.] 2011:4747, Fig. 1 [Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences v. 39 (no. 8); ref. 37585] Beiming Lake, Dongtinghu Lake Li County, Hunan Province, China. Holotype: 021218002. Paratypes: Institute? 021218010 (1), 021218016 (1), 021218021 (1). Types kept at Hunan Aquatic Engineering Technique Research Center, Changde, Hunan, China? •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

italianus, Carassius auratus Bade [E.] 1894:13 [ ref. 34766] Domesticated aquarium fish. No types known. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

jacuticus, Carassius carassius Kirillov [F. N.] in Kirillov et al. 1956:90 [Trudy Instituta biologii Yakutskogo filiala Akademii Nauk SSSR = Proceedings of the Institute of Biology of the Yakut Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR No. 2; ref. 23016] See also Bogutskaya 1998:92 [ref. 23589]. •Questionably a synonym of Carassius carassius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:51 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Carassius carassius (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Chereshnev 1996:599 [ref. 24659], Chereshnev et al. 2001:41 [ref. 26736] dated 1972, Fedorov et al. 2003:25 [ref. 27579]). •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies gibelio (Bloch 1783) -- (Szczerbowski in Bănărescu & Paepke 2002:6 [ref. 25856]). •Synonym of Carassius carassius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 2006:27 [ref. 28831], Parin et al. 2014:71 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Carassius carassius (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

japonicus, Carassius Mulertt [H.] 1883:14, Fig. [The goldfish; ref. 34765] Aquarium specimens, domesticated fish (Japan). No types known. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

kinyu, Cyprinus auratus Walbaum [J. J.] 1792:25 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] No locality stated. No types known. Originally kin-yu. Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

kolenty, Carassius vulgaris var. Dybowski [B. N.] 1877:11 [Izvestiya Zapadno Sibirskogo Otdela Imperatorskago Russkago Geograpficheskago Obshchestva, Irkutsk v. 8 (nos. 1-2); ref. 1171] Amur River System, Russia. Syntypes: (many) whereabouts unknown. Treated as infrasubspecific and not available by Kottelat 1997:52 [ref. 22952]. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758) subspecies gibelio (Bloch 1782) -- (Berg 1949:826 [ref. 20661], Sideleva 2001:52 [ref. 26181], Szczerbowski in Bănărescu & Paepke 2002:6 [ref. 25856], Sideleva 2003:10 [ref. 27815]). •Synonym of Carassius carassius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Szczerbowski & Szczerbowski in Bănărescu & Paepke 2002:43 [ref. 25856]). •Synonym of Carassius gibelio (Bloch 1782) -- (Kottelat 1997:51 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2006:27 [ref. 28831], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:657 [ref. 34853], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:62 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Carassius gibelio (Bloch 1782). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

langsdorfii, Carassius Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1846:192, Pl. 98 (figs. 1, 1a-b) [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Japan. Syntypes: (10 of the following) RMNH D1712 (1, stuffed), D1715-16 (1, 1) and D1718-19 (1, 1) all stuffed, 2369 (1), 2379 (10), 2387-88 (3, 1). Type information: Boeseman 1947:153 [ref. 12876]. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:820 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Carassius gibelio (Bloch 1782), but a valid subspecies -- (Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:352 [ref. 25598]). •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:57 [ref. 6441], Sato 1995:48 [ref. 25531], Takahashi et al. 1997:42 [ref. 24971], Sato et al. 1998:30 [ref. 24972], Mizuno et al. 1999:5 [ref. 25311], Nakabo 2000:253 [ref. 25086], Matsuura et al. 2000:62 [ref. 26000], Sakai et al. 2001:87 [ref. 25693], Nakabo 2002:253 [ref. 26001], Hagiwara 2003:35 [ref. 27188]). •Valid as Carassius langsdorfii Temminck & Schlegel 1846 -- (Yonezawa et al. 2010:251 [ref. 30902] as langsdorfi, Matsunuma et al. 2010:82 [ref. 31558], Kalous et al. 2012:11 [ref. 32063], Barbieri et al. 2015:50 [ref. 35029], Rylková et al. 2018:[6] [ref. 35881], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Page et al. 2023:66 [ref. 40505], Shumka et al. 2023:37 [ref. 40747] as langsdorfi, Çiçek et al. 2024:139 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Carassius langsdorfii Temminck & Schlegel 1846. Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Distribution: East Asia: Japan. Introduced in Albania, Greece, Italy, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

longicaudatus, Carassius auratus Dürigen [B.] 1897:199 [ ref. 34767] Domesticated aquarium form. No types known. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

macrophthalmos, Carassius auratus Dürigen [B.] 1886:27 [ ref. 34764] Aquarium specimens, domesticated form (China). No types known. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

magnificus, Carassius auratus Bade [E.] 1894:12 [ ref. 34766] Domesticated aquarium fish. No types known. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

maillardi, Cyprinus Guichenot [A.] 1863:C-14 [Faune ichthyologique 2nd Partie, Annexe C.; ref. 1943] Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-1319 (poor condition). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:12 [ref. 19574]. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Fricke 1999:83 [ref. 24106], Fricke et al. 2009:23 [ref. 30213], Kottelat 2013:85 [ref. 32989]) Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

mauritianus, Cyprinus Bennett [E. T.] 1832:167 [Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1830-31 (pt 1); ref. 4944] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. No types known. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Fricke 1999:83 [ref. 24106], Kottelat 2013:85 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

orientalis, Carassius Mulertt [H.] 1883:20 [The goldfish; ref. 34765] Aquarium specimens, domesticated form (China). No types known. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

ovatus, Carassius auratus Dürigen [B.] 1897:224 [ ref. 34767] Domesticated aquarium fish. No types known. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

oviformis, Carassius auratus var. Zernecke [E.] 1897:144 [ ref. 34768] Domesticated aquarium fish. No types known. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

pekinensis, Carassius Basilewsky [S.] 1855:229, Pl. 3 (fig. 3) [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] Beijing, China. No types at ZIN. •Synonym of Carassius carassius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Chen & Huang 1977:432 [ref. 8497]). •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Luo & Yue in Yue 2000:429 [ref. 25272], Kottelat 2013:85 [ref. 32989]., Zhang et al. 2016:83 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

ploetzia, Carassius auratus Bade [E.] 1894:13 [ ref. 34766] Domesticated aquarium fish. No types known. Original as plötzia. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

quadricolor, Carassius auratus Bade [E.] 1894:13 [ ref. 34766] Domesticated aquarium fish. No types known. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

quadrilobatus, Cyprinus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1803:494, 554, Pl. 18 (fig. 3) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] Based on Chinese paintings. Spelled quadrilobus in Shaw 1804:212 [ref. 4015]. Kottelat also cites a Leuciscus auratus Mauduyy 1848. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 2013:85 [ref. 32989]). •Not treated by Zhang et al. 2016:83 [ref. 34477]. Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

ruber, Carassius auratus Bade [E.] 1894:12 [ ref. 34766] Domesticated aquarium fish. No types known. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

simplex, Carassius auratus var. Zernecke [E.] 1897:140 [ ref. 34768] Domesticated aquarium fish. No types known. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

telescopus, Cyprinus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1803:494, 554, Pl. 18 (fig. 2) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] China. No types known. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 2013:84 [ref. 32989]). •Not treated by Zhang et al. 2016:83 [ref. 34477]. Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

thoracatus, Cyprinus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1842:97, Pl. 460 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 16; ref. 1009] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-0849 (2), 0000-1043 (4), 0000-3376 (1), 0000-3377 to 3378 (3). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:11-12 [ref. 19574]. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Fricke 1999:83 [ref. 24106], Kottelat 2013:85 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

uranoscopus, Carassius auratus var. Zernecke [E.] 1897:143 [ ref. 34768] Domesticated aquarium form. No types known. Also named by Dürigen 1897, first describer not researched. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

uranoscopus, Carassius auratus Dürigen [B.] 1897:224 [ ref. 34767] Domesticated aquarium form. No types known. Also named by Zernecke 1897, first describer not researched. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

ventricosus, Neocarassius Castelnau [F. L.] 1872:237 [Proceedings of the Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria, Melbourne v. 1; ref. 757] Saltwater River, Footscray, Victoria, Australia. Syntypes: (2). Genus misspelled Neocarassuis in species heading. •Based on an introduced goldfish -- (Jordan 1919 [ref. 4904]). •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 2013:85 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

wui, Carassius auratus var. Tchang [T.-L.] 1930:65 [Thèses: présentées à la Faculté des Sciences de Paris pour obtenir le grade de docteur des sciences naturelles, Sér. A. No. 209 (order no. 233); ref. 16212] Chekiang, China. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1934-0014. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:12 [ref. 19574]. •Synonym of Carassius carassius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Chen & Huang 1977:432 [ref. 8497]). •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Luo & Yue in Yue 2000:430 [ref. 25272], Kottelat 2013:85 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:83 [ref. 34477], Zhang et al. 2019:351 [ref. 36699]). Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.