Species that contain: Citharus and linguatula [ 4 ] records

cithara, Solea Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:14, 52 [Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ref. 3595] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2019:117 [ref. 37117]). Current status: Synonym of Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus 1758). Citharidae. Habitat: marine.

citharus, Pleuronectes Spinola [M.] 1807:374 [Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 10; ref. 18741] Gulf of Genoa, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Desoutter et al. 2001:335 [ref. 25922]. •Synonym of Citharus macrolepidotus (Bloch 1787) -- (Nielsen 1973:615 [ref. 6885]). •Synonym of Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Nielsen 1990:1025 [ref. 16246], Kottelat 1997:181 [ref. 22952], Desoutter et al. 2001:335 [ref. 25922]). Current status: Synonym of Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus 1758). Citharidae. Habitat: marine.

linguatula, Pleuronectes Linnaeus [C.] 1758:270 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] European seas [Mediterranean Sea]. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.128-129 [Gronovius coll.] (2, skins). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:243 [ref. 13434]. •Synonym of Citharus macrolepidotus (Bloch 1787) -- (Nielsen 1973:615 [ref. 6885], Evseenko 1996:744 [ref. 24666]). •Valid as Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Nielsen in Whitehead et al. 1986:1286 [ref. 13677], Klausewitz 1989:261 [ref. 13650], Nielsen 1990:1025 [ref. 16246], Kottelat 1997:181 [ref. 22952], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:147 [ref. 26753], Golani 2005:62 [ref. 37112], Fricke et al. 2007:113 [ref. 29533], Fricke 2008:57 [ref. 30182], Bañon et al. 2010:23 [ref. 31029], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:71 [ref. 36649], Wirtz et al. 2013:135 [ref. 32972], Munroe in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2952 [ref. 34618], Martins & Carneiro 2018:81 [ref. 36550], Artüz & Fricke 2019:560 [ref. 36612], Carneiro et al. 2019:186 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:101 [ref. 36864], Reiner 2019:289 [ref. 38139], Bariche & Fricke 2020:100 [ref. 37515], Kovačić et al. 2020:27 [ref. 37519], Bañón & Maño 2021:95 [ref. 38887], Golani 2021:84 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:47 [ref. 39014], Fermon et al. 2022:230 [ref. 39448], Shumka et al. 2023:37 [ref. 40747]). Current status: Valid as Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus 1758). Citharidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; eastern Atlantic: Galicia (Spain) south to Angola, including Madeira, Canary Islands, and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

macrolepidotus, Pleuronectes Bloch [M. E.] 1787:34, Pl. 190 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 3; ref. 468] "Brazil" [erroneous, Tranquebar, India]. Remaining syntypes: ZMB 7491 (1, left skin) Type catalog: Paepke 1999:68 [ref. 24282]. See Paepke 1999:68-69 [ref. 24282]; 2 species involved -- figured/described specimen a different species -- probably linguatula Linnaeus, and lost. •Valid as Pleuronectes macrolepidotus Bloch 1787 -- (Nielsen 1973:615 [ref. 6885]). •Valid as Citharus macrolepidotus (Bloch 1787) -- (Evseenko 1996:726 [ref. 24666]). •Specimen in Berlin is a synonym of Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & Schneider 1801) in Cynoglossidae -- (Paepke 1999:68 [ref. 24282]). •Synonym of Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Nielsen in Whitehead et al. 1986:1286 [ref. 13677], Nielsen 1990:1025 [ref. 16246], Kottelat 1997:181 [ref. 22952], Golani 2005:62 [ref. 37112], Munroe in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2952 [ref. 34618]). Current status: Synonym of Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus 1758). Citharidae. Habitat: marine.