Species that contain: Cynoglossus and arel [ 11 ] records

arel, Pleuronectes Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:159 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Tranquebar [Tharangambadi], India. Lectotype: ZMB 2431. Paralectotypes: (3, lost) Type catalog: Paepke 1999:68 [ref. 24282]. Lectotype selected by Paepke 1999:68 [ref. 24282]. •Valid as Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Menon 1977:60 [ref. 7071], Dor 1984:271 [ref. 29757], Ochiai in Masuda et al. 1984:356 [ref. 6441], Ataur Rahman 1989:34 [ref. 24860], Coad 1991:27 [ref. 15702], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:209 [ref. 21500], Krishnan & Mishra 1993:235 [ref. 24016] as areal, Krishnan & Mishra 1994:300 [ref. 24014], Goren & Dor 1994:72 [ref. 25356], Li & Wang 1995:341 [ref. 16193], Randall 1995:363 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:599 [ref. 27969] with author as Schneider, Carpenter et al. 1997:231 [ref. 23922], Chen et al. 1997:177 [ref. 26476], Munroe in Randall & Lim 2000:646 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1389 [ref. 25182], Bijukumar & Sushama 2000:187 [ref. 25703], Munroe 2001:3894 [ref. 26314] with author as Schneider, Nakabo 2002:1389 [ref. 26193], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S123 [ref. 27377], Ataur Rahman 2003:49 [ref. 31338], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:47 [ref. 27712] with author as Schneider, Ho et al. 2009:13 [ref. 31461], Kimura in Matsuura & Kimura 2009:322 [ref. 31170], Yoshida et al. 2013:221 [ref. 34464], Kimura in Kimura et al. 2015:95 [ref. 34319], Psomadakis et al. 2015:328 [ref. 34104], Voronina et al. 2016:403 [ref. 35064], Fricke et al. 2017:83 [ref. 35160], Ali et al. 2018:345 [ref. 36183], Kimura in Kimura et al. 2018:299 [ref. 36460], Eagderi et al. 2019:121 [ref. 37020], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 12 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:598 [ref. 37272], Taki et al. 2021:495 [ref. 39830], Munroe 2022:370 [ref. 40234], Tashiro 2022:86 [ref. 39012]). Current status: Valid as Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Cynoglossidae: Cynoglossinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Indonesia and Vietnam, north to southern Japan. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

cantoris, Plagusia Bleeker [P.] 1853:78, 153 [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 25 (art. 8); ref. 341] Malay Peninsula. Syntypes: BMNH 1860.3.19.429 (skin), 1860.3.19.478 (skin). Based on Plagusia potous of Cantor 1849 (not of Cuvier). Günther 1862:502 [ref. 1969] treats Cynoglossus cantoris Bleeker on p. 502 and Trulla cantori Kaup 1858 (replacement name for Plagusia trulla Cantor) in Cynoglossus, but the difference in spelling apparently avoids homonymy. •Synonym of Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Menon 1977:60 [ref. 7071], Munroe 2022:370 [ref. 40234]). Current status: Synonym of Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Cynoglossidae: Cynoglossinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

elongatus, Cynoglossus Günther [A.] 1862:501 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 4; ref. 1969] Penang, Malaysia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1860.3.19.477 (skin). Based on literature sources and 1 specimen. •Synonym of Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Menon 1977:60 [ref. 7071], Li & Wang 1995:341 [ref. 16193], Munroe 2022:370 [ref. 40234]). Current status: Synonym of Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Cynoglossidae: Cynoglossinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

grandisquamis, Plagusia Cantor [T. E.] 1849:1214 [323] [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 18 (pt 2); ref. 715] Sea of Penang, Malaysia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1860.3.19.433 (skin). On p. 232 of separate. •Synonym of Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Menon 1977:60 [ref. 7071], Fricke et al. 2017:83 [ref. 35160], Munroe 2022:370 [ref. 40234]). Current status: Synonym of Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Cynoglossidae: Cynoglossinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

kaupii, Arelia Bleeker [P.] 1860:73 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 8 (art. 2); ref. 375] Benkulen, Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 6783. •Synonym of Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Menon 1977:60 [ref. 7071], Munroe 2022:370 [ref. 40234]). Current status: Synonym of Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Cynoglossidae: Cynoglossinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

macrolepidota, Plagusia Bleeker [P.] 1851:415 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1 (no. 4); ref. 6831] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Lectotype: RMNH 6785. Paralectotypes: (possible 6) RMNH 26209 [ex RMNH 6785] (4 of 5), SMNS 10586 (1). Lectotype selected by Menon 1977:60 [ref. 7071]. Type information as given by Fricke 1991:12 [ref. 13474] apparently is in error, transposed with Plagusia marmorata Bleeker 1851. Type catalog: Fricke 2005:30 [ref. 29864]. •Synonym of Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Dor 1984:271 [ref. 29757], Munroe 2001:3896 [ref. 26314] with author as Schneider). •Valid as Cynoglossus macrolepidotus (Bleeker 1851) -- (Li & Wang 1995:342 [ref. 16193], Mishra et al. 1999:89 [ref. 25315], Fricke et al. 2017:84 [ref. 35160], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 12 [ref. 38321] misidentified). Current status: Valid as Cynoglossus macrolepidotus (Bleeker 1851). Cynoglossidae: Cynoglossinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

macrolepidotus, Pleuronectes Bloch [M. E.] 1787:34, Pl. 190 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 3; ref. 468] "Brazil" [erroneous, Tranquebar, India]. Remaining syntypes: ZMB 7491 (1, left skin) Type catalog: Paepke 1999:68 [ref. 24282]. See Paepke 1999:68-69 [ref. 24282]; 2 species involved -- figured/described specimen a different species -- probably linguatula Linnaeus, and lost. •Valid as Pleuronectes macrolepidotus Bloch 1787 -- (Nielsen 1973:615 [ref. 6885]). •Valid as Citharus macrolepidotus (Bloch 1787) -- (Evseenko 1996:726 [ref. 24666]). •Specimen in Berlin is a synonym of Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & Schneider 1801) in Cynoglossidae -- (Paepke 1999:68 [ref. 24282]). •Synonym of Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Nielsen in Whitehead et al. 1986:1286 [ref. 13677], Nielsen 1990:1025 [ref. 16246], Kottelat 1997:181 [ref. 22952], Golani 2005:62 [ref. 37112], Munroe in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2952 [ref. 34618]). Current status: Synonym of Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus 1758). Citharidae. Habitat: marine.

melampetala, Plagusia Richardson [J.] 1846:281 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, coast of China. No types known. Based solely on illustration by Reeves (see Whitehead 1970:218, Pl. 29a [ref. 11606] as melamptela). •Valid as Cynoglossus melampetalus (Richardson 1846) -- (Feng in Pan et al. 1991:533 [ref. 23876], Li & Wang 1995:344 [ref. 16193]). •Synonym of Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Menon 1977:60 [ref. 7071], Munroe 2022:370 [ref. 40234]). Current status: Synonym of Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Cynoglossidae: Cynoglossinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: China [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

oligolepis, Plagusia Bleeker [P.] 1855:445 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 7 (no. 3); ref. 16941] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 6786. Bleeker specimens: AMS B.7912 (1), BMNH 1862.6.3.2 (1), RMNH 26310 [ex RMNH 6786] (1). •Synonym of Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Menon 1977:60 [ref. 7071], Munroe 2022:370 [ref. 40234]). •Valid as Cynoglossus oligolepis (Bleeker 1855) -- (Li & Wang 1999:334 [ref. 16193], Fricke et al. 2017:85 [ref. 35160]). Current status: Valid as Cynoglossus oligolepis (Bleeker 1855). Cynoglossidae: Cynoglossinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

pinangensis, Cantoria Kaup [J. J.] 1858:106 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 24 (pt. 1); ref. 2579] Type catalog: Desoutter et al. 2001:347-348 [ref. 25922]. •Synonym of Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Menon 1977:60 [ref. 7071] as pinangenensis, Desoutter et al. 2001:348 [ref. 25922], Munroe 2022:370 [ref. 40234]). Current status: Synonym of Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Cynoglossidae: Cynoglossinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

schneideri, Arelia Kaup [J. J.] 1858:107 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 24 (pt. 1); ref. 2579] Lectotype: ZMB 2431. Type catalog: Desoutter et al. 2001:329 [ref. 25922] but with wrong types; this is a replacement name and takes the types of Pleuronectes arel (probably proposed to replace Strickland tautonymy). Unneeded new name for Pleuronectes arel Bloch & Schneider 1801. •Synonym of Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Current status: Synonym of Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Cynoglossidae: Cynoglossinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.