Species that contain: Cynoglossus and trulla [ 10 ] records

borneensis, Plagusia Bleeker [P.] 1858:6 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 5 (art. 7); ref. 364] Singkawang, Borneo, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 6792. Originally as borneënsis. •Valid as Cynoglossus borneensis (Bleeker 1858) -- (Menon 1977:34 [ref. 7071] with older trulla in synonymy, Kottelat et al. 1993:169 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Lim 1996:250 [ref. 23210], Munroe 2001:3894 [ref. 26314]). •Synonym of Cynoglossus trulla (Cantor 1849) -- (Rainboth 1996:224 [ref. 22772], Kottelat 2013:467 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Cynoglossus trulla (Cantor 1849). Cynoglossidae: Cynoglossinae. Habitat: marine.

cantori, Trulla Kaup [J. J.] 1858:109 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 24 (pt. 1); ref. 2579] Sea of Penang, Malaysia. Presumed syntypes: BMNH 1860.3.19.431 (2, stuffed). Type catalog: Desoutter et al. 2001:353 [ref. 25922]. Unneeded new name for Plagusia trulla Cantor 1849; probably to avoid Strickland tautonymy. •Synonym of Cynoglossus borneensis (Bleeker 1858) -- (Menon 1977:34 [ref. 7071], Desoutter et al. 2001:353 [ref. 25922]). •Synonym of Cynoglossus trulla (Cantor 1849) -- (Kottelat 2013:467 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Cynoglossus trulla (Cantor 1849). Cynoglossidae: Cynoglossinae. Habitat: marine.

cantoris, Plagusia Bleeker [P.] 1853:78, 153 [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 25 (art. 8); ref. 341] Malay Peninsula. Syntypes: BMNH 1860.3.19.429 (skin), 1860.3.19.478 (skin). Based on Plagusia potous of Cantor 1849 (not of Cuvier). Günther 1862:502 [ref. 1969] treats Cynoglossus cantoris Bleeker on p. 502 and Trulla cantori Kaup 1858 (replacement name for Plagusia trulla Cantor) in Cynoglossus, but the difference in spelling apparently avoids homonymy. •Synonym of Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Menon 1977:60 [ref. 7071], Munroe 2022:370 [ref. 40234]). Current status: Synonym of Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Cynoglossidae: Cynoglossinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

capensis, Trulla Kaup [J. J.] 1858:109 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 24 (pt. 1); ref. 2579] Presumably Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Desoutter et al. 2001:353 [ref. 25922]. •Valid as Cynoglossus capensis (Kaup 1858) -- (Menon 1977:59 [ref. 7071], Heemstra 1986:866 [ref. 5660], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:180 [ref. 25472], Evseenko 1998:61 [ref. 23643], Desoutter et al. 2001:353 [ref. 25922], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:436 [ref. 28072], Fricke et al. 2017:83 [ref. 35160], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 12 [ref. 38321] misidentified, Munroe 2022:371 [ref. 40234]). Current status: Valid as Cynoglossus capensis (Kaup 1858). Cynoglossidae: Cynoglossinae. Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic, western Indian Ocean: Namibia south to Cape of Good Hope (South Africa). Habitat: brackish, marine.

dollfusi, Cynoglossus (Trulla) Chabanaud [P.] in Gruvel & Chabanaud 1937:8, Figs. 9-12 [Mémoires présentées à l'Institut d'Égypte N. S., v. 35; ref. 17405] Suez, Gulf of Suez, Egypt. Holotype (unique): MNHN (not found). Type catalog: Desoutter et al. 2001:348 [ref. 25922]. Regarded as independent of Paraplagusia dollfusi Chabanaud 1931 (see Desoutter et al. 2001:348 [ref. 25992]). But, on the contrary, a new combination for Paraplagusia dollfusi Chabanaud 1931 according to Munroe & Kong 2016:21 [ref. 34480]. •Placement uncertain -- (Desoutter et al. 2001:348 [ref. 25922]). •In the synonymy of Cynoglossus dollfusi (Chabanaud 1931) -- (Munroe & Kong 2016:21 [ref. 34480], Munroe 2022:373 [ref. 40234]). Current status: Synonym of Cynoglossus dollfusi (Chabanaud 1931). Cynoglossidae: Cynoglossinae. Habitat: marine.

itina, Trulla Snyder [J. O.] 1909:609 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 36 (no. 1688); ref. 4151] Naha market, Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Holotype (unique): USNM 62957. •Valid as Cynoglossus itinus (Snyder 1909) -- (Menon 1977:48 [ref. 7071], Ochiai in Masuda et al. 1984:356 [ref. 6441], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:216 [ref. 21500], Li & Wang 1995:378 [ref. 16193], Uyeda & Sasaki 2000:401 [ref. 25120], Munroe in Randall & Lim 2000:646 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1390 [ref. 25182], Munroe 2001:3894 [ref. 26314], Nakabo 2002:1390 [ref. 26193], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:47 [ref. 27712], Evseenko 2003:S71 [ref. 28535], Yokogawa et al. 2008:121 [ref. 29585], Ho et al. 2009:13 [ref. 31461], Ohashi & Motomura 2011:112 [ref. 32413], Allen & Erdmann 2012:1058 [ref. 31980], Parin et al. 2014:549 [ref. 33547], Imamura in Kimura et al. 2015:97 [ref. 34319], Wang et al. 2016:139 [ref. 34517], Voronina et al. 2016:403 [ref. 35064], Fricke et al. 2017:84 [ref. 35160], Munroe 2022:375 [ref. 40234] with question, Tashiro 2022:86 [ref. 39012]). Current status: Valid as Cynoglossus itinus (Snyder 1909). Cynoglossidae: Cynoglossinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: eastern India to China and Japan. Not in China or Vietnam [ref. 34517]; now Japan and Southeast Asia. Records from Red Sea, Comoros and Madagascar need confirmation. Habitat: marine.

marleyi, Cynoglossus (Trulla) Regan [C. T.] 1921:418 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 9) v. 7 (no. 41); ref. 3672] 15-20 miles off Umvoti River, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean, depth 130 fathoms. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1921.3.1.21. •Valid as Cynoglossus marleyi Regan 1921 -- (Menon 1977:85 [ref. 7071], Heemstra 1986:867 [ref. 5660], Fricke et al. 2017:83, 85 [ref. 35160], Fricke 2019:39 [ref. 36893]). Current status: Valid as Cynoglossus marleyi Regan 1921. Cynoglossidae: Cynoglossinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

sinicus, Cynoglossus Wu [H.-W.] 1932:146 [Contribution à l'étude morphologique, biologique et systématique des poissons hétérosomes (Pisces Heterosomata) de la Chine; ref. 16406] Wen-chou, Chekiang, China. Syntypes: (3). Type catalog: Desoutter et al. 2001:349 [ref. 25922] with no types at MNHN. •Synonym of Cynoglossus borneensis (Bleeker 1856) -- (Menon 1977:34 [ref. 7071], Desoutter et al. 2001:349 [ref. 25922]). •Valid as Cynoglossus sinicus Wu 1932 -- (Feng in Pan et al. 1991:532 [ref. 23876], Li & Wang 1995:353 [ref. 16193]). •Synonym of Cynoglossis trulla (Canton 1849) -- (Kottelat 2013:467 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Cynoglossus trulla (Cantor 1849). Cynoglossidae: Cynoglossinae. Distribution: China (if valid). Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

trulla, Plagusia Cantor [T. E.] 1849:1213 [231] [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 18 (pt 2); ref. 715] Sea of Penang, Malaysia. Presumed syntypes: BMNH 1860.3.19.431 (2, stuffed). On p. 231 of separate. •Wrongly as a synonym of the younger Cynoglossus borneensis (Bleeker 1858) -- (Menon 1977:34 [ref. 7071]). •Valid as Cynoglossus trulla (Cantor 1849) -- (Rainboth 1996:224 [ref. 22772], Munroe in Randall & Lim 2000:646 [ref. 25122], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S123 [ref. 27377], Kottelat 2013:467 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2017:85 [ref. 35160], Taki et al. 2021:496 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Cynoglossus trulla (Cantor 1849). Cynoglossidae: Cynoglossinae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean and western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

zanzibarensis, Cynoglossus (Trulla) Norman [J. R.] 1939:105, Fig. 36 [Scientific Reports, John Murray Expedition v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 6556] Near Zanzibar, Tanzania, western Indian Ocean, station 106, depth 183-194 meters. Holotype: BMNH 1939.5.24.1813 [the largest, now 146.7 mm SL]. Paratypes: (3 + 2) BMNH 1939.5.24.1810-11 (2), 1939.5.24.1812 and 1814 (2). A lectotype was designated by Menon 1977:59 [ref. 7071], but a holotype was established in the original description. •Valid as Cynoglossus zanzibarensis Norman 1939 -- (Menon 1977:58 [ref. 7071], Heemstra 1986:867 [ref. 5660], Quéro & Maugé 1989:392 [ref. 19513], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:180 [ref. 25472] as zanzibariensis, Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S123 [ref. 27377], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:435 [ref. 28072], Fricke et al. 2017:85 [ref. 35160], Munroe 2017:31 [ref. 35375], Fricke et al. 2018:374 [ref. 35805], Munroe 2022:380 [ref. 40234]). Current status: Valid as Cynoglossus zanzibarensis Norman 1939. Cynoglossidae: Cynoglossinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: South Africa and East Africa (Tanzania, Kenya) east to Madagascar. Habitat: marine.