Species that contain: Epinephelus and akaara [ 5 ] records

akaara, Serranus Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1843:9, Pl. 3 (fig. 1) [Fauna Japonica Part 1; ref. 4370] Nagasaki, Nagasaki Prefecture, Kyūshū, Japan, Lectotype: RMNH D85 (dry). Paralectotypes: RMNH D82 (1), D83 (1), D84 (1); ZMB 5218 [ex RMNH] (1, stuffed). Possible paralectotype: BMNH 1844.2.21.16 (1, stuffed). Type catalog: Paepke 2001:331 [ref. 25566]. Originally as aka-ara. Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:26 [ref. 12876]. •Valid as Epinephelus akaara (Temminck & Schlegel 1843) -- (Katayama in Masuda et al. 1984:129 [ref. 6441], Lee 1990:35 [ref. 19830], Randall & Heemstra 1991:91 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:106 [ref. 21042], Heemstra & Randall 1999:2485 [ref. 24815], Nakabo 2000:717 [ref. 25086], Randall in Randall & Lim 2000:609 [ref. 25122], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:79 [ref. 25480], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:98 [ref. 26368], Shimizu 2001:28 [ref. 25799], Nakabo 2002:717 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:309, 590 [ref. 26218], Craig et al. 2011:75 [ref. 31786], Ma & Craig 2018:455 [ref. 36100], Kim et al. 2020:115 [ref. 39118], Parenti & Randall 2020:61 [ref. 37354], Sonoyama et al. 2020:53 [ref. 37637]). Current status: Valid as Epinephelus akaara (Temminck & Schlegel 1843). Epinephelidae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: China and Taiwan to Korea and Japan. Habitat: marine.

ionthas, Epinephelus Jordan [D. S.] & Metz [C. W.] 1913:32, Pl. 6 (fig. 2) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 2490] Pusan, South Korea. Holotype (unique): FMNH 55797 [ex CM 4559]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:91 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:34 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Epinephelus akaara (Temminck & Schlegel 1843) -- (Randall & Heemstra 1991:91 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:106 [ref. 21042], Choi et al. 2003:590 [ref. 26218], Parenti & Randall 2020:62 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus akaara (Temminck & Schlegel 1843). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

lobotoides, Epinephelus Nichols [J. T.] 1913:179, Fig. 1 [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 32 (art. 7); ref. 14964] Shimonoseki Market, Honshu, Japan. Holotype (unique): AMNH 3957. •Synonym of Epinephelus akaara (Temminck & Schlegel 1843) -- (Randall & Heemstra 1991:91 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:106 [ref. 21042], Parenti & Randall 2020:61 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus akaara (Temminck & Schlegel 1843). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

shihpan, Serranus Richardson [J.] 1846:231 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China. Syntypes: BMNH (apparently lost). Type information: Whitehead 1970:212 [ref. 11606]. •Synonym of Epinephelus akaara (Temminck & Schlegel 1843) -- (Randall & Heemstra 1991:91 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:106 [ref. 21042], Parenti & Randall 2020:61 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus akaara (Temminck & Schlegel 1843). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

variegatus, Serranus Richardson [J.] 1846:231 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China. No types known. Based solely on illustration by Reeves (see Whitehead 1970:212, Pl. 4a [ref. 11606]). •Synonym of Epinephelus akaara (Temminck & Schlegel 1843) -- (Randall & Heemstra 1991:91 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:106 [ref. 21042], Parenti & Randall 2020:61 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus akaara (Temminck & Schlegel 1843). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.