Species that contain: Epinephelus and guaza [ 10 ] records

brachysoma, Epinephelus Cope [E. D.] 1871:466 [Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (New Series) v. 14 (pt 3) (art. 5); ref. 920] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype (unique): ANSP 13372. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:154 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Epinephelus guaza [or gvaza] (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Smith 1990:700 [ref. 18227]). •Synonym of Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe 1834) -- (Heemstra 1991:38 [ref. 19323], Randall & Heemstra 1991:198 [ref. 19601] with question, Heemstra & Randall 1993:186 [ref. 21042], Parenti & Randall 2020:74 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe 1834). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

cernioides, Serranus de Brito Capello [F.] 1867:156 [Jornal do Sciências Mathemáticas, Physicas e Naturaes, Lisboa v. 1 (no. 2); ref. 14041] Portugal. MB (not found). Figured in Capello 1867, Pl. 4 (fig. 1) [ref. 14042]. •Synonym of Epinephelus guaza [= gvaza] (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Tortonese 1973:359 [ref. 7192], Smith 1990:700 [ref. 18227]). •Questionably a synonym of Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe 1834) -- (Heemstra 1991:38 [ref. 19323], Randall & Heemstra 1991:198 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:186 [ref. 21042], Parenti & Randall 2020:74 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Uncertain as Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe 1834). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

dichropterus, Serranus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828:293 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 2; ref. 997] Japan? [probably Indonesia]. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-7403 (2) Brazil; ZMB 5533 [not 365] (dry, lectotype of ongus), ?5214 (1, dry) Japan. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:27, 60 [ref. 19232], Paepke 1999:137 [ref. 24282]. Based on Holocentrus ongus Bloch 1790 and authors, plus specimens; not regarded as a replacment name. •Synonym of Epinephelus guaza (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Smith 1990:700 [ref. 18227]). •Synonym of Epinephelus ongus (Bloch 1790) -- (Randall & Heemstra 1991:219 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:208 [ref. 21042], Parenti & Randall 2020:77 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus ongus (Bloch 1790). Epinephelidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

fimbriatus, Serranus Lowe [R. T.] 1838:195, Pl. 1 (fig. 1) [Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society v. 6 (pts 1); ref. 2828] Off Madeira. Neotype: MMF 3388. Possible syntype: BMNH 1858.4.2.81 (1). Unneeded replacement name for Serranus marginatus Lowe 1834, not preoccupied by Serranus marginalis Valenciennes 1828. •Synonym of Epinephelus guaza (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Daget & Smith 1986:302 [ref. 6204], Smith 1990:700 [ref. 18227]). •Synonym of Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe 1834) -- (Heemstra 1991:38 [ref. 19323], Randall & Heemstra 1991:198 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:186 [ref. 21042], Parenti & Randall 2020:74 [ref. 37354], Heemstra 2022:62 [ref. 39742]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe 1834). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

gigas, Perca Brünnich [M. T.] 1768:65 [Ichthyologia Massiliensis, sistens piscium descriptiones eorumque apud incolas nomina; ref. 17290] Marseille, France, western Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Unused senior synonym of Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch 1790); name should be suppressed by ICZN (Parenti & Randall 2020:74 [ref. 37354]). •Synonym of Epinephelus guaza (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Tortonese 1973:359 [ref. 7192], Tortonese in Whitehead et al. 1986:785 [ref. 13676], Daget & Smith 1986:302 [ref. 6204], Smith 1990:700 [ref. 18227], Bauchot in Lévêque et al. 1992:666 [ref. 21590]). •Regarded as a nomen dubium -- (Heemstra 1991:33, 38 [ref. 19323], Randall & Heemstra 1991:199 [ref. 19601]). •Possibly the same as Epinephelus haifensis Ben-Tuvia 1953 -- (Heemstra & Randall 1993:162 [ref. 21042]). •Synonym of Hyporthodus haifensis (Ben-Tuvia 1953) -- (Heemstra & Anderson in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2396 [ref. 34618]). •Synonym of Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch 1790) -- (Parenti & Randall 2020:74 [ref. 37354]). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch 1790). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

gvaza, Labrus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:285 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] "Pelago" [Cumana, Caribbean coast of Venezuela]. No types known. Spelled guaza by authors; "u" mistypset "v" in original; spelling guaza regarded as in prevailing usage. Based on a specimen from Venezuela mentioned in a letter by Pehr Löfling (1729-1756), one of the 'Linnaeus apostles'. Subsequently confused by authors with a Mediterranean serranid, which is now classified as Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe 1834). •Valid as Epinephelus guaza (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Tortonese 1973:359 [ref. 7192], Tortonese in Whitehead et al. 1986:785 [ref. 13676], Daget & Smith 1986:302 [ref. 6204], Smith 1990:700 [ref. 18227], Bauchot in Lévêque et al. 1992:666 [ref. 21590], Evseenko 1996:727 [ref. 24666] as quaza). •In genus Mycteroperca, as güaza, regarded as a nomen dubium with discussion of locality -- (Heemstra 1991:38, 41 [ref. 19323], Randall & Heemstra 1991:198 [ref. 19601] as gvasa, Heemstra & Randall 1993:188 [ref. 21042], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:207 [ref. 25013], Carneiro et al. 2019:243 [ref. 37250]). •Possibly the same as Mycteroperca cidi Cervigón 1966, Mycteroperca interstitialis (Poey 1860), or Mycteroperca phenax Jordan & Swain 1884 -- (Heemstra & Randall 1993:188, 264, 266 [ref. 21042]). •Nomen dubium in Mycteroperca -- (Smith Vaniz et al. 1999:207 [ref. 25013]). •Synonym of Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe 1834) -- (Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:79 [ref. 26753] as guaza). •Regarded as of uncertain status in Mycteroperca. •Questionably in synonymy of Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe 1834) -- (Parenti & Randall 2020:74 [ref. 37354]). Nomen Dubium. Current status: Uncertain as Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe 1834). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

marginatus, Serranus Lowe [R. T.] 1834:142 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1833 (pt 1) (for 24 Dec.); ref. 2826] Off Madeira. Neotype: MMF 3388. Possible syntype: BMNH 1858.4.2.81 (1) [from Lowe]. Neotype designated by Heemstra 1991:39 [ref. 19323]. •Synonym of Epinephelus guaza [or gvaza] (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Smith 1990:700 [ref. 18227]). •Valid as Mycteroperca marginata (Lowe 1834) -- (Ma & Craig 2018:456 [ref. 36100] as marginatus). •Valid as Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe 1834) -- (Heemstra 1991:38 [ref. 19323], Randall & Heemstra 1991:198 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:186 [ref. 21042], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:155 [ref. 25472], Grace et al. 1994:23 [ref. 25512], Heemstra in Smith & Heemstra 1995:x [ref. 21953], Randall 1995:133 [ref. 22896], Louisy 1996:21 [ref. 22516], Santos et al. 1997:80 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:79 [ref. 24952], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:207 [ref. 25013], Afonso et al. 1999:84 [ref. 25466], Parenti & Bressi 2001:281 [ref. 25708], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:79 [ref. 26753], López et al. 2002:65 [ref. 26808], Machado et al. 2003:133 [ref. 26945], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S104 [ref. 27377], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:76 [ref. 27192], Luiz et al. 2004:1176 [ref. 27860], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:169 [ref. 28072], Golani 2005:36 [ref. 37112], Fricke et al. 2007:80 [ref. 29533], Wirtz et al. 2007:30 [ref. 30263], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:42 [ref. 36649], Craig et al. 2011:185 [ref. 31786], Wirtz et al. 2013:123 [ref. 32972], Heemstra & Anderson in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2393 [ref. 34618], Nión et al. 2016:46 [ref. 35565], Reid et al. 2016:100 [ref. 36644], Martins & Carneiro 2018:124 [ref. 36550], Spier et al. 2018:9 [ref. 36103], Almeida & Alves 2019:272 [ref. 37509], Carneiro et al. 2019:244 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:96 [ref. 36864], Reiner 2019:171 [ref. 38139], Ribeiro et al. 2019:7 [ref. 36717], Bariche & Fricke 2020:85 [ref. 37515], Béarez et al. 2020:252 [ref. 37874], Bogorodsky et al. 2020:515 [ref. 38001], Kovačić et al. 2020:41 [ref. 37519], Parenti & Randall 2020:74 [ref. 37354], Akhilesh et al. 2021:52 [ref. 38701], Bañón & Maño 2021:81 [ref. 38887], Golani 2021:41 [ref. 38303], González-Lorenzo et al. 2021:148 [ref. 38374], Kovačić et al. 2021:77 [ref. 39014], Yağlıoğlu & Turan 2021:134 [ref. 38884], Fermon et al. 2022:288 [ref. 39448], Heemstra 2022:62 [ref. 39742], Zajonz et al. 2022:83 [ref. 40522], Carvalho-Filho 2023:117 [ref. 40480], Ceríaco et al. 2023:55 [ref. 40710], Hoff et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40463], He et al. 2024:3 [ref. 40897]). Current status: Valid as Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe 1834). Epinephelidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Espiritu Santo (Brazil) south to Argentina; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; southern Black Sea; eastern Atlantic: British Isles south to Angola, including Azores (Portugal), Madeira (Portugal), Canary Islands (Spain) and São Tomé and Principe; western Indian Ocean: Western Cape, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) north to southern Mozambique, east to Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion); Socotra (Yemen); southern Oman; southern India. Hybridizes with Mycteroperca rubra (Bloch 1793). Habitat: marine.

mentzelii, Serranus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828:291 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 2; ref. 997] Coast of Brazil. Syntypes: MNHN 0137 (1), 7368 (1), A-5777 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:31 [ref. 19232]. For remarks on type see Heemstra 1991:37 [ref. 19323]. •Synonym of Epinephelus guaza (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Smith 1990:700 [ref. 18227]). •Questionably a synonym of Epinephelus itajara (Lichtenstein 1822) -- (Heemstra 1991:35 [ref. 19323], Heemstra & Randall 1993:171 [ref. 21042], Sadovy & Eklund 1999:2 [ref. 24110], Parenti & Randall 2020:71 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Uncertain as Epinephelus itajara (Lichtenstein 1822). Epinephelidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

merou, Holocentrus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:337, 377 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] No locality. No types known. New name for Perca gigas Brünnich 1768. Unused senior synonym of Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe 1834); name should be suppressed by ICZN (Parenti & Randall 2020:74 [ref. 37354]). •Status uncertain -- (Heemstra 1991:38 [ref. 19323]). •Synonym of Epinephelus guaza [or gvaza] (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Daget & Smith 1986:302 [ref. 6204], Smith 1990:700 [ref. 18227]). •In synonymy of Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe 1834) -- (Parenti & Randall 2020:74 [ref. 37354]). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe 1834). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

robusta, Perca Couch [J.] 1832:21, Fig. 7 [Magazine of Natural History and Journal of Zoology, Botany, Minerology, Geology, and Meterology v. 5 (no. 23, art. 4); ref. 5557] Polperro, Cornwall, England. No types known. •Synonym of Epinephelus guaza [or gvaza] (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Smith 1990:700 [ref. 18227]). •Questionably a synonym of Epinephelus aeneus (Geoffroy St. Hiliare 1817) -- (Heemstra 1991:20 [ref. 19323], Heemstra & Randall 1993:104 [ref. 21042], Parenti & Randall 2020:61 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Uncertain as Epinephelus aeneus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1817). Epinephelidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.