Species that contain: Epinephelus and guttatus [ 11 ] records

arara, Serranus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828:377 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 2; ref. 997] Havana, Cuba. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-0885 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:24 [ref. 19232], with MNHN 885 as holotype. Based in part on the 'Bonací arará' of Parra 1787:30, Pl. 16 (fig. 2) [ref. 6840]. •Synonym of Epinephelus guttatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Heemstra & Randall 1993:161 [ref. 21042], Parenti & Randall 2020:70 [ref. 37354], Fricke et al. 2021:43 [ref. 38901]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus guttatus (Linnaeus 1758). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

catus, Serranus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828:373 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 2; ref. 997] Martinique Island, West Indies. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-7238 (1); ?ZMB 265 [ex MNHN] Martinique. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:25 [ref. 19232]. Unneeded replacement name for Perca maculata Bloch 1792, which is now considered as a synonym of Epinephelus adscensionis (Osbeck 1765). •Synonym of Epinephelus adscensionis (Osbeck 1765) -- (Parenti & Randall 2020:61 [ref. 37354], Fricke et al. 2021:37 [ref. 38901], part). •Synonym of Epinephelus guttatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Heemstra & Randall 1993:161 [ref. 21042], Parenti & Randall 2020:70 [ref. 37354], Fricke et al. 2021:43 [ref. 38901], part). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus guttatus (Linnaeus 1758). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

cubanus, Epinephelus Poey [F.] 1865:202 [Repertorio Fisico-Natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 1; ref. 18562] Cuba. Holotype (?): MCZ 10058. Poey specimens: ZMB 5222 (1). •Synonym of Epinephelus guttatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Heemstra & Randall 1993:161 [ref. 21042], Parenti & Randall 2020:70 [ref. 37354], Fricke et al. 2021:44 [ref. 38901]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus guttatus (Linnaeus 1758). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

guttata, Perca Linnaeus [C.] 1758:292 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] America [Brazil]. Neotype: UF 139198. Type information: Goode & Bean 1885:203 [ref. 1841], Wheeler 1985:49 [ref. 20705]. Based on the 'Gvarvgvarv' of Markgraf von Liebstadt 1648:169, fig. [ref. 30347], the 'Cugupuguacu cogener, corpore rotundiore' of Sloane 1725:280, pl. 247, fig. 2 [ref. 30320], the 'Cugupu-guacu brasiliensibus' of Willughby 1686:303 [ref. 30164], the 'Cugupu guacu' of Ray 1713:127 [ref. 30231], and the 'Cugupuguacu' of Catesby 1771:14, Pl. 14 [ref. 774]. Current usage here maintained, although E. guttatus does not occur in Brazil, and Markgraf von Liebstadt's description was apparently based on E. adscensionis (Osbeck 1765). Neotype selected by Fricke et al. 2021:49 [ref. 38901]. •Valid as Epinephelus guttatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:132 [ref. 23100], Bullock & Smith 1991:99 [ref. 36591], Cervigón 1991:331 [ref. 24472], Boschung 1992:106 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:428 [ref. 23827], Heemstra & Randall 1993:161 [ref. 21042], Grace et al. 1994:21 [ref. 25512], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:285 [ref. 24545], Aguilera 1998:48 [ref. 24221], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:266 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:207 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:157 [ref. 27754], Collette et al. 2003:107 [ref. 26784], Heemstra et al. 2003:1342 [ref. 27060], Smith et al. 2003:22 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:127 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:145 [ref. 28815], Craig et al. 2011:149 [ref. 31786], Page et al. 2013:130 [ref. 32708], Angulo et al. 2013:999 [ref. 33194], Smith-Vaniz & Collette 2013:172 [ref. 32953], Robertson et al. 2016:144 [ref. 34961], Ma & Craig 2018:455 [ref. 36100], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:346 [ref. 36407], Parenti & Randall 2020:70 [ref. 37354], Robertson et al. 2020:162 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:79 [ref. 38844], Fricke et al. 2021:43 [ref. 38901]). Current status: Valid as Epinephelus guttatus (Linnaeus 1758). Epinephelidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda and North Carolina (U.S.A.) south to Trinidad and Tobago, including eastern and southern Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

guttulatus, Serranus Macleay [W.] 1878:33, Pl. 2 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 3 (pt 1); ref. 2868] Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype (unique): AMS I.16324-001 [ex MAMU F1166]. Type catalog: Stanbury 1969:207 [ref. 19518]. •Valid as Epinephelus guttatus (Macleay 1878) -- (Evseenko 1996:727 [ref. 24666]). •Synonym of Epinephelus undulatostriatus (Peters 1866) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:498 [ref. 12442] as undulostriatus, Randall & Heemstra 1991:283 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:249 [ref. 21042], Heemstra & Randall 1999:2528 [ref. 24815], Hoese et al. 2006:1020 [ref. 28999], Parenti & Randall 2020:83 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus undulatostriatus (Peters 1866). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

lunulatus, Lutianus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] (ex Parra) 1801:329 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Locality not stated [Havana, Cuba]. No types known. Not same as lunulatus Park. Based on 'Cabrilla' Parra 1787:93, Pl. 36 (fig. 1) [ref. 6840]. •Synonym of Epinephelus guttatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Heemstra & Randall 1993:161 [ref. 21042] with author as Parra, Parenti & Randall 2020:70 [ref. 37354], Fricke et al. 2021:43 [ref. 38901]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus guttatus (Linnaeus 1758). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

maculosus, Serranus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828:332 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 2; ref. 997] No locality [? Martinique]. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-7360. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:31 [ref. 19232], Bauchot & Daget 1996:241 [ref. 22899]. •Synonym of Epinephelus guttatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Heemstra & Randall 1993:161 [ref. 21042], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:266 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:207 [ref. 25013], Parenti & Randall 2020:70 [ref. 37354], Fricke et al. 2021:43 [ref. 38901]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus guttatus (Linnaeus 1758). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

pirapixanga, Holocentrus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:339, 380 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Brazil. As pira-pixangua on p. 380. Unneeded replacement name for Holocentrus punctatus Bloch 1790. •Synonym of Epinephelus guttatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2020:70 [ref. 37354]). •Synonym of Epinephelus adscensionis (Osbeck 1765) -- (Fricke et al. 2021:37 [ref. 38901]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus adscensionis (Osbeck 1765). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

pixanga, Serranus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828:383 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 2; ref. 997] Brazil. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:47 [ref. 19232]. New name for Holocentrus punctatus Bloch 1790:88, pl. 241. On Pira pixanga of Markgraf von Liebstadt 1648: 152, fig. on p. 153 [ref. 30347]. •Synonym of Epinephelus guttatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2020:70 [ref. 37354]). •Synonym of Epinephelus adscensionis (Osbeck 1765) -- (Heemstra 1991:17 [ref. 19323], Smith 1990:696 [ref. 18227], Heemstra & Randall 1993:103 [ref. 21042], Parenti & Randall 2020:61 [ref. 37354], Fricke et al. 2021:38 [ref. 38901]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus adscensionis (Osbeck 1765). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

punctatus, Holocentrus Bloch [M. E.] 1790:88, Pl. 241 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 4; ref. 469] Brazil. No types known. On p. 69 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 7 [ref. 21381]. •Questionably a synonym of Epinephelus guttatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Heemstra & Randall 1993:161 [ref. 21042], Parenti & Randall 2020:70 [ref. 37354]). •Synonym of Epinephelus adscensionis (Osbeck 1765) -- (Fricke et al. 2021:37 [ref. 38901]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus adscensionis (Osbeck 1765). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

stathouderi, Serranus Vaillant [L. L.] & Bocourt [F.] 1878:69 [Mission scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amérique centrale Part 4; ref. 4498] No locality. Holotype: MNHN 0000-7360. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:31, 35, 60 [ref. 19232] as stathouderi. Replacement name for Serranus maculosus Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828. •Synonym of Epinephelus guttatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Heemstra & Randall 1993:161 [ref. 21042], Parenti & Randall 2020:70 [ref. 37354], Fricke et al. 2021:45 [ref. 38901]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus guttatus (Linnaeus 1758). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.