Species that contain: Epinephelus and multinotatus [ 4 ] records

jayakari, Serranus Boulenger [G. A.] 1889:237 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1889 (pt 2); ref. 14491] Muscat, Oman, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: (3) BMNH 1888.12.29.32 (1, skin), 1888.12.29.33 (1, skin), 1888.12.29.34 (1, skin). •Synonym of Epinephelus multinotatus (Peters 1876) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:496 [ref. 12442], Randall & Heemstra 1991:213 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:198 [ref. 21042], Randall 1995:134 [ref. 22896], Hoese et al. 2006:1015 [ref. 28999]). •Valid as Epinephelus jayakari (Boulenger 1889) -- (Psomadakis et al. 2015:199 [ref. 34104], Parenti & Randall 2020:72 [ref. 37354], Heemstra 2022:59 [ref. 39742], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:675 [ref. 40722]). Current status: Valid as Epinephelus jayakari (Boulenger 1889). Epinephelidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf. Habitat: marine.

leprosus, Epinephelus Smith [J. L. B.] 1955:310, Pl. 1 (fig. A) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 8 (no. 88) (art. 38); ref. 4096] Aldabra Island, Seychelles, western Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 434. Paratypes: (many) not researched. •Valid as Epinephelus leprosus Smith 1955 -- (Kyushin et al. 1977:226 [ref. 19756]). •Synonym of Epinephelus multinotatus (Peters 1876) -- (Heemstra & Randall 1986:529 [ref. 5667], Randall & Heemstra 1991:213 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:198 [ref. 21042], Randall 1995:134 [ref. 22896], Fricke et al. 2018:151 [ref. 35805], Parenti & Randall 2020:77 [ref. 37354], Heemstra 2022:65 [ref. 39742]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus multinotatus (Peters 1876). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

multinotatus, Serranus Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1876:435 [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1876; ref. 18495] Mauritius [Île aux Fouquets, 8 kilometers east of Mahébourg] Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): ZMB 9452. Type information: Cao et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39784]. Type locality see Möbius 1880 [ref. 30489]. Several SAIAB and ZMUA specimens erroneously listed as paratypes by Cao et al. 2022:10 [ref. 39784]. •Valid as Epinephelus multinotatus (Peters 1876) -- (Heemstra & Randall 1986:529 [ref. 5667], Allen & Swainston 1988:58 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:496 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:25 [ref. 13251], Randall & Heemstra 1991:213 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:198 [ref. 21042], Randall 1995:134 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:86 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:145 [ref. 23922], Fricke 1999:195 [ref. 24106], Heemstra & Randall 1999:2545 [ref. 24815], Hutchins 2001:262 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:30 [ref. 25847], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S104 [ref. 27377], Heemstra et al. 2004:3319 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:166 [ref. 28072], Hoese et al. 2006:1015 [ref. 28999], Fricke et al. 2009:46 [ref. 30213], Craig et al. 2011:200 [ref. 31786], Allen & Erdmann 2012:277 [ref. 31980], Almukhtar et al. 2012:175 [ref. 41009], Larson et al. 2013:101 [ref. 32988], Psomadakis et al. 2015:199 [ref. 34104] as cf. multinotatus, Ali et al. 2018:319 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:151 [ref. 35805], Ma & Craig 2018:455 [ref. 36100], Eagderi et al. 2019:109 [ref. 37020], Zajonz et al. 2019:71 [ref. 36871], Parenti & Randall 2020:77 [ref. 37354], Psomadakis et al. 2020:392 [ref. 37272], Akhilesh et al. 2021:53 [ref. 38701], Cao et al. 2022:10 [ref. 39784], Heemstra 2022:65 [ref. 39742], Zajonz et al. 2022:85 [ref. 40522], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:683 [ref. 40722]). Current status: Valid as Epinephelus multinotatus (Peters 1876). Epinephelidae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa (Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya), Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Aldabra (Seychelles), Comoros, Madagascar, Saint Brandon's Shoals (Cargados Carajos) and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to India and Myanmar. Habitat: marine.

rankini, Epinephelus Whitley [G. P.] 1945:24 [Australian Zoologist v. 11 (pt 1); ref. 4707] Off Onslow, Western Australia. Holotype (unique): WAM P.2847-001. Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:19 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:20 [ref. 30117], Cao et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39784]. Several ZMUA specimens erroneously listed as paratypes by Cao et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39784]. •Synonym of Epinephelus multinotatus (Peters 1876) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:496 [ref. 12442], Randall & Heemstra 1991:213 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:198 [ref. 21042], Hoese et al. 2006:1015 [ref. 28999], Parenti & Randall 2020:77 [ref. 37354]). •Valid as Epinephelus rankini Whitley 1945 -- (Cao et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39784]). Current status: Valid as Epinephelus rankini Whitley 1945. Epinephelidae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean: southern Indonesia; Northern Territory (Australia) south to Shark Bay (Western Australia). Habitat: marine.