Species that contain: Garra and rufa and rufa [ 6 ] records

crenulatus, Discognathus Heckel [J. J.] 1847:262 [Reisen in Europa, Asien und Africa v. 2 (pt 3); ref. 2068] Confluents of Araks River and sources of Saadi and Kara-Agatsch rivers. Syntypes: NMW 53236-37 (14, 7). •Synonym of Garra rufa (Heckel 1843), but a valid subspecies crenulata (Heckel 1847) -- (Bianco & Bănărescu 1982:82 [ref. 8508]). •Synonym of Garra rufa (Heckel 1843) -- (Coad 1991:17 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:17 [ref. 23608], Esmaeili et al. 2010:369 [ref. 33391], Sayyadzadeh et al. 2015:86 [ref. 34042], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:871 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2016:108 [ref. 34620], Esmaeili et al. 2017:47 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:28 [ref. 36089], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:126 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Garra rufa (Heckel 1843). Cyprinidae: Labeoninae. Habitat: freshwater.

gymnothorax, Garra rufa Berg [L. S.] 1949:792, Figs. 4-5 [Trudy Instituta Zoologii/ Akademiia Nauk SSSR v. 8 (no. 4); ref. 12936] Tigris River, Iran. Syntypes: ZIN 13214-15 (6, 6+), plus additional specimen 24429 (1), 24435-36 (10, 3). •Synonym of Garra rufa (Heckel 1843) -- (Coad 1991:17 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:17 [ref. 23608], Esmaeili et al. 2010:369 [ref. 33391], Sayyadzadeh et al. 2015:85 [ref. 34042] and Garra cf. gymnothorax Berg 1949 on p. 86, Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:871 [ref. 34062]). •Valid as Garra gymnothorax Berg 1949 -- (Esmaeili et al. 2016:93 [ref. 34620], Esmaeili et al. 2017:46 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:26 [ref. 36089], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:71 [ref. 37983], Zamani-Faradonbe et al. 2021:267 [ref. 38079], Zamani-Faradonbe et al. 2021:385 [ref. 38714], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2022:433 [ref. 39728], Çiçek et al. 2024:117 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Garra gymnothorax Berg 1949. Cyprinidae: Labeoninae. Distribution: Middle East: Karun River system, Balarud River and Bashar River drainages (Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

obtusus, Discognathus Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1072 [82] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Aleppo, Syria and Mosul, Iraq. Syntypes: NMW 53257 (10), 53238 (4), 79372 (1, dry); SMF 447 (1) and 5408 (2) [ex NMW in 1843]. Illustrated by Heckel 1843, Pl. 8 (fig. 3) [ref. 2067]. On p. 82 of separate [ref. 2067]. •Synonym of Garra rufa (Heckel 1843) -- (see Coad 1981:10 [ref. 22348], Coad 1991:17 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:17 [ref. 23608], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:871 [ref. 34062], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:126 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Garra rufa (Heckel 1843). Cyprinidae: Labeoninae. Habitat: freshwater.

persica, Garra Berg [L. S.] 1914:61 [Ezhegodnik. Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Akademii Nauk SSSR. v. 18 (for 1913); ref. 14942] Bampur River, southern Iran; Kiabad in Zirkuh, eastern Khorassan. Syntypes: (7) ZIN 11706-07 (1, 6). Non-types: ?ZSI F11101/1 (3). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:111 [ref. 20743], Bianco & Banarescu 1982 [ref. 8508]. •Synonym of Garra rufa (Heckel 1843), but a valid subspecies -- (Bianco & Bănărescu 1982:76 [ref. 8508]). •Valid as Garra persica Berg 1914 -- (Coad 1982:97 [ref. 20636], Coad 1995:17 [ref. 23608], Coad 1996:4 [ref. 23831], Coad 1996:71 [ref. 25297], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Esmaeili et al. 2010:369 [ref. 33391], Sayyadzadeh et al. 2015:78, 86 [ref. 34042], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:871 [ref. 34062], Teimori et al. 2015:90 [ref. 34095], Esmaeili et al. 2015:121 [ref. 35030] dated 1913, Mousavi-Sabet & Eagderi 2016:45 [ref. 34341], Esmaeili et al. 2016:110 [ref. 34620] dated 1913, Freyhof 2016:500 [ref. 34805], Esmaeili et al. 2017:47 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:27 [ref. 36089], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2019:231 [ref. 36979], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:75 [ref. 37983], Zamani-Faradonbe et al. 2021:268 [ref. 38079], Zamani-Faradonbe et al. 2021:385 [ref. 38714], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2022:434 [ref. 39728], Çiçek et al. 2024:124 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Garra persica Berg 1914. Cyprinidae: Labeoninae. Distribution: Widespread in Iran and possibly in adjacent Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater.

rufus, Discognathus Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1071 [81] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Aleppo, Syria. Lectotype: NMW 53240 (108 mm SL). Paralectotypes: NMW 53240 (7 of 8), SMF 553 [ex NMW] (1). Illustrated by Heckel 1843, Pl. 8 (fig. 2) [ref. 2067]. On p. 81 of separate [ref. 2067]. Lectotype selected by Krupp & Schneider 1989:368 [ref. 13651]. •Valid as Garra rufa (Heckel 1843) -- (Goren 1974:80 [ref. 7502], Coad 1981:10 [ref. 22348], Krupp & Schneider 1989:369 [ref. 13651], Coad 1991:17 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:17 [ref. 23608], Coad 1996:71 [ref. 25297], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Hamidan 2004:388 [ref. 37679], Fricke et al. 2007:39 [ref. 29533], Coad 2010:180 [ref. 36620], Esmaeili et al. 2010:369 [ref. 33391], Khalaf 2013:5 [ref. 37897], Hamidan et al. 2014:234 [ref. 33626], Sayyadzadeh et al. 2015:78 [ref. 34042], Çiçek et al. 2015:144 [ref. 35151], Mousavi-Sabet & Eagderi 2016:45 [ref. 34341], Esmaeili et al. 2016:107 [ref. 34620], Freyhof 2016:500 [ref. 34805], Esmaeili et al. 2017:47 [ref. 35254], Bayçelebi et al. 2018:232 [ref. 36324], Esmaeili et al. 2018:28 [ref. 36089], Sun et al. 2018:67 [ref. 35784], Yoğurtçuoğlu et al. 2018:287 [ref. 36205], Çiçek et al. 2020:248 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37983], Zamani-Faradonbe et al. 2021:267 [ref. 38079], Bayçelebi et al. 2021:170 [ref. 38238], Zamani-Faradonbe et al. 2021:385 [ref. 38714], Al-Faisal et al. 2022:1401 [ref. 39565], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2022:434 [ref. 39728], Çiçek et al. 2023:50 [ref. 40326], Çiçek et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2023:360 [ref. 40625], Malek-Hosseini et al. 2023:104 [ref. 40632], Saad et al. 2023:15 [ref. 40501], Çiçek et al. 2024:126 [ref. 40789], Kaya et al. 2024:351 [ref. 40963]). Current status: Valid as Garra rufa (Heckel 1843). Cyprinidae: Labeoninae. Distribution: Asia Minor, Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran). A hypogean phenotype found in southwestern Iran (Malek-Hosseini et al. 2023:104 [ref. 40632]). Dead Sea tributary populations belong to Garra jordanica Hamidan, Geiger & Freyhof 2014. Habitat: freshwater.

turcica, Garra rufa Karaman [M. S.] 1971:234, Pl. 2 (fig. 3) [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 67; ref. 2560] Ceyhan, Turkey. Holotype (unique): ZMH H1687. •Valid as Garra turcica Karaman 1971 -- (Bayçelebi et al. 2018:230 [ref. 36324], Bayçelebi 2020:753 [ref. 37964], Çiçek & Sungur 2020:117 [ref. 38064], Çiçek et al. 2020:248 [ref. 37644], Bayçelebi et al. 2021:170 [ref. 38238], Çiçek et al. 2023:360 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:130 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Garra turcica Karaman 1971. Cyprinidae: Labeoninae. Distribution: Asia Minor: rivers Kızıl (Mersin), Seyhan, Ceyhan and the small coastal streams south of the Ceyhan until Arsuz (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.