Species that contain: Gasterosteus and williamsoni and microcephalus [ 1 ] records

japonicus, Gasterosteus williamsoni Franz [V.] 1910:19, Pl. 3 (fig. 10) [Abhandlungen der math.-phys. Klasse der K. Bayer Akademie der Wissenschaften v. 4 (Suppl.) (no. 1); ref. 1481] Misaki, Japan. Syntypes: ZSM [old collection] (2) destroyed in WWII. Type catalog: Neumann 2006:275 [ref. 28925]. •Permanently invalid, preoccupied by Gasterosteus japonicus Houttuyn 1782. •Synonym of Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus 1758, subspecies microcephalus Girard 1854 -- (Okada 1961:612 [ref. 6363], Denys et al. 2022:398 [ref. 40085]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus 1758. Gasterosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.