Species that contain: Geophagus and surinamensis [ 5 ] records

altifrons, Geophagus Heckel [J. J.] 1840:385, Pl. 29 (figs. 21-25) [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Manaus, Brazil. Syntypes: NMW 17007-08 (2). •Synonym of Geophagus surinamensis (Bloch 1791) -- (Gosse 1976:25 [ref. 7029]). •Valid as Geophagus altifrons Heckel 1840 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:632 [ref. 27061], López-Fernández & Taphorn 2004:3 [ref. 27573], Staeck & Schindler 2006:74 [ref. 28755], Lucinda et al. 2010:42 [ref. 30771], Kottelat 2013:374 [ref. 32989], Barriga Salazar 2014:118 [ref. 35745] as cf. altifrons, Deprá et al. 2014:745 [ref. 33631], Silvano et al. 2020:349 [ref. 38134], Ximenes et al. 2021:4 [ref. 38836], Koerber et al. 2022:71 [ref. 39235], Chuctaya et al. 2022:12 [ref. 39723]). Current status: Valid as Geophagus altifrons Heckel 1840. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Ecuador); introduced in Singapore. Habitat: freshwater.

megasema, Geophagus Heckel [J. J.] 1840:388 [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Syntypes: NMW 16246 (1, dry), 90309 (1, dry), 92453 (1, dry); SMF 3125 [ex NMW in 1844] (1, dry). •Synonym of Geophagus surinamensis (Bloch 1791) -- (Gosse 1976:26 [ref. 7029]). •Valid as Geophagus megasema Heckel 1840 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:633 [ref. 27061], López-Fernández & Taphorn 2004:3 [ref. 27573], Staeck & Schindler 2006:74 [ref. 28755], Lucinda et al. 2010:42 [ref. 30771], Deprá et al. 2014:745 [ref. 33631], Sarmiento et al. 2014:189 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:98 [ref. 35633], Ximenes et al. 2021:4 [ref. 38836], Chuctaya et al. 2022:13 [ref. 39723]). Current status: Valid as Geophagus megasema Heckel 1840. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Bolivia, Colombia and Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

proxima, Chromys Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:14, Pl. 7 (fig. 1) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Río Ucayali, Mission Saraycu, Peru. Syntypes: MNHN A-9510 (1), B-3001 [ex MNHN A-9510] (1). Type catalog: Blanc 1962:205 [ref. 20868], Bauchot et al. 1978:46 [ref. 20862]. Original genus should have been Chromis. •Synonym of Geophagus surinamensis (Bloch 1791) -- (Gosse 1976:26 [ref. 7029]). •Valid as Geophagus proximus (Castelnau 1855) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:20 [ref. 9708], Kullander 1986:122 [ref. 12439], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:633 [ref. 27061], López-Fernández & Taphorn 2004:3 [ref. 27573], Staeck & Schindler 2006:74 [ref. 28755], Lucinda et al. 2010:42 [ref. 30771], Deprá et al. 2014:745 [ref. 33631], Sarmiento et al. 2014:189 [ref. 35004], Ximenes et al. 2021:4 [ref. 38836], Chuctaya et al. 2022:14 [ref. 39723]). Current status: Valid as Geophagus proximus (Castelnau 1855). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Bolivia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

surinamensis, Sparus Bloch [M. E.] 1791:112, Pl. 277 (fig. 2) [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 5; ref. 4867] Suriname. Holotype (unique): ZMB 2825. Type catalog: Kullander & Nijssen 1989:38 [ref. 14136], Paepke 1999:63 [ref. 24282], Paepke & Schindler 2013:270 [ref. 32895]. On p. 89 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 8 [ref. 21381]. •Valid as Geophagus surinamensis (Bloch 1791) -- (Gosse 1976:25 [ref. 7029], Kullander & Nijssen 1989:31 [ref. 14136], Page & Burr 1991:330 [ref. 18983], Fuller et al. 1999:430 [ref. 25838], Keith et al. 2000:188 [ref. 24547], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:634 [ref. 27061], López-Fernández & Taphorn 2004:3 [ref. 27573], Staeck & Schindler 2006:74 [ref. 28755], Schindler & Staeck 2006:96 [ref. 29420], Scharpf 2009:6 [ref. 30400], Page & Burr 2011:608 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:156 [ref. 32708], Hauser & López-Fernández 2013:284 [ref. 32965], Kottelat 2013:374 [ref. 32989], Melo et al. 2016:135 [ref. 34701], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:98 [ref. 35633], Robins et al. 2018:373 [ref. 35886], Koerber et al. 2022:72 [ref. 39235], Page et al. 2023:136 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Geophagus surinamensis (Bloch 1791). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: French Guiana, Brazil, Colombia and Suriname; established in southern Florida, U.S.A. and Singapore. Habitat: freshwater.

trimaculatus, Sparus Shaw [G.] in Shaw & Nodder 1809:no page number, Pl. 867 [The Naturalist's Miscellany; ref. 4013] American Seas. •Unneeded new name for, and objective synonym of Sparus surinamensis Bloch 1791. •Synonym of Geophagus surinamensis (Bloch 1791) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:634 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Geophagus surinamensis (Bloch 1791). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.