Species that contain: Gymnogeophagus and balzanii [ 3 ] records

balzanii, Geophagus Perugia [A.] 1891:623 [23] [Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova (Serie 2) v. 10; ref. 3431] Cáceres (formerly Villa María), Río Paraguay, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MSNG 7683. On p. 23 of separate. •Valid as Gymnogeophagus balzanii (Perugia 1891) -- (Gosse 1976:126 [ref. 7029], Reis & Malabarba 1988:268 [ref. 6638], Wimburger et al. 1998:510 [ref. 23857], Britski et al. 1999:146 [ref. 24147], Casciotta et al. 2000:53 [ref. 24908], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:634 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:77 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:155 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:87 [ref. 28131], Staeck 2006:104 [ref. 29421], Litz & Koerber 2014:34 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:189 [ref. 35004], Malabarba et al. 2015:660 [ref. 34105], Mirande & Koerber 2015:58 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:426 [ref. 34561], Koerber 2016:142 [ref. 35012], Nión et al. 2016:50 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:80 [ref. 35267], Casciotta et al. 2017:19 [ref. 35727], Hablützel & Huanto 2020:55 [ref. 37939], Reis et al. 2020:472 [ref. 38364], Loureiro et al. 2023:151 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Gymnogeophagus balzanii (Perugia 1891). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Paraná River basin and lower Uruguay drainage (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

cyanopterus, Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1918:790 [6] [Revista do Museu Paulista v. 10; ref. 3724] Itaqui, Rio Uruguay, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MZUSP [ex DZSASP] 2549. Type catalog: Britski 1969:211 [ref. 12401]. On p. 6 of separate. •Synonym of Gymnogeophagus balzanii (Perugia 1891) -- (Gosse 1976:127 [ref. 7029], Reis & Malabarba 1988:268 [ref. 6638], Wimburger et al. 1998:510 [ref. 23857], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:634 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:34 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:58 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:80 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnogeophagus balzanii (Perugia 1891). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

duodecimspinosus, Geophagus Boulenger [G. A.] 1895:524 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1895 (pt 3); ref. 14576] Paraguay. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1895.5.17.12. •Synonym of Gymnogeophagus balzanii (Perugia 1891) -- (Gosse 1976:126 [ref. 7029], Reis & Malabarba 1988:268 [ref. 6638], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:634 [ref. 27061], Casciotta et al. 2003:155 [ref. 28130], Litz & Koerber 2014:34 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:58 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:80 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnogeophagus balzanii (Perugia 1891). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.