Species that contain: Gymnotus and carapo [ 11 ] records

australis, Gymnotus carapo Craig [J. M.], Crampton [W. G. R.] & Albert [J. S.] 2017:427, Fig. 3A [Zootaxa 4318 (no. 3); ref. 35568] Arroyo Verde, Río Iguazú basin, Misiones province, Argentina, 25°40'15"S, 53°56'00.8"W. Holotype: MLP 11221. Paratypes: MCP, MLP. Plus additional non-type material. •Synonym of Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758 -- (Koerber et al. 2017:8 [ref. 35632], Craig et al. 2018:52 [ref. 35800]). •Synonym of Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies australis -- (Dickens 2019:168 [ref. 37135], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758. Gymnotidae: Gymnotinae. Distribution: South America: La Plata, Uruguay and Jacuí basins (Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil) (if treated as a valid subspecies). Habitat: freshwater.

brachiurus, Gymnotus Bloch [M. E.] 1786:61, Pl. 157 (fig. 1) [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 2; ref. 465] Brazil. No types known. Type catalog: Ferraris et al. 2017:[17] [ref. 35236]. Name available from plate. Based in part on Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758. On p. 52 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 5 [ref. 21381]. •Synonym of Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758 -- (Mago-Leccia 1994:55 [ref. 21320], Albert 2001:124 [ref. 25614], Albert & Crampton 2003:7 [ref. 27077], Campos-da-Paz in Reis et al. 2003:484 [ref. 27061], Ferraris et al. 2017:[17] [ref. 35236], Craig et al. 2017:419 [ref. 35568]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758. Gymnotidae: Gymnotinae. Habitat: freshwater.

caatingaensis, Gymnotus carapo Craig [J. M.], Crampton [W. G. R.] & Albert [J. S.] 2017:427, Fig. 3B [Zootaxa 4318 (no. 3); ref. 35568] Río Gurgueia aff. Río Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil, 08°32'24"S, 44°25'48". Holotype: AUM 20624. Paratypes: AUM. Plus additional non-type material. •Synonym of Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758. Current status: Synonym of Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758. Gymnotidae: Gymnotinae. Distribution: Caatinga ecoregion, Parnaíba basin, northeastern Brazil (if treated as a valid subspecies). Habitat: freshwater.

caerulescens, Gymnotus carapo var. Walbaum [J. J.] 1792:164 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] No locality stated. No types known. •Synonym of Sternopygus macrurus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (P. Parenti, pers. comm.). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Sternopygus macrurus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Sternopygidae: Sternopyginae. Habitat: freshwater.

carapo, Gymnotus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:246 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] "America" [South America]. Syntypes: NRM 64 (1), NRM 8224 (1), UUZM 56 (1), ?ZMUU Linn. coll. 57 (1). Type catalog: Lönnberg 1896:23 [ref. 23530], Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:216-217 [ref. 20707], Wheeler 1991:162-163, Fig. 6 [ref. 20102], Ferraris et al. 2017:[17] [ref. 35236]. See Britski 2001:21 [ref. 26046] Not in Paraguay (Koerber et al. 2017:70 [ref. 35267]). •Mention -- (Malabarba 1989:158 [ref. 14217]). •Valid as Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:33 [ref. 37559], Ortega & Vari 1986:12 [ref. 9708], Mago-Leccia 1994:55 [ref. 21320], Planquette et al. 1996:412 [ref. 22818], Gómez & Chebez 1996:56 [ref. 23791], Castro & Casatti 1997:342 [ref. 23333], Torelli et al. 1997:70 [ref. 24612], Albert & Campos-da-Paz 1998:423 [ref. 23853], Sverlij et al. 1998:38 [ref. 27632], Albert & Fernandes-Matioli 1999:415 [ref. 23798], Fernandes-Matioli et al.2000:803 [ref. 30364], Albert 2001:124 [ref. 25614], Albert & Crampton 2001:243 [ref. 25031], Lasso et al. 2001:100 [ref. 25928], Camargo & Isaac 2001:140 [ref. 27639] as Gimnotus, Campos-da-Paz 2002:185 [ref. 26073], Miquelarena et al. 2002:79 [ref. 26517] as cf. carapo, Crampton et al. 2003:2 [ref. 27064], Albert & Crampton 2003:7 [ref. 27077], Campos-da-Paz in Reis et al. 2003:484 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:64 [ref. 27366] as cf. carapo, Crampton & Albert 2003:2 [ref. 27433], Casciotta et al. 2003:141 [ref. 28130], Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2004:2 [ref. 27978], Crampton et al. 2005:99 [ref. 28092], Menni 2004:84 [ref. 28131], Fernandes et al. 2005:8 [ref. 28147], Fernandes et al. 2005:8 [ref. 28147], Milhomem et al. 2007:55 [ref. 28947] as cf. carapo, Milhomem et al. 2012:804 [ref. 31815], Rangel-Pereira 2012:364 [ref. 32319], Di Dario et al. 2013:262 [ref. 37503] as aff. carapo, Phillip et al. 2013:19 [ref. 32896], Barriga Salazar 2014:116 [ref. 35745], Ramos et al. 2014:4 [ref. 35321], Sarmiento et al. 2014:104, 188 [ref. 35004], Bertaco et al. 2016:422 [ref. 34561] as aff. carapo, Ferraris et al. 2017:[17] [ref. 35236], Craig et al. 2017:418 [ref. 35568], Koerber et al. 2017:8 [ref. 35632], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:65 [ref. 35633], Craig et al. 2018:52 [ref. 35800], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36506], Brosse et al. 2019:134 [ref. 38320], Campos-da-Paz & de Santana 2019:150 [ref. 36608], Koerber et al. 2019:8 [ref. 36736], Craig et al. 2019:34 [ref. 37060] in subgenus Gymnotus, Azevedo-Santos et al. 2020:5 [ref. 39606], Careaga et al. 2020:77 [ref. 37774], Ochoa et al. 2020:63 [ref. 37781], Silva et al. 2020:9 [ref. 37809], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39298], Koerber et al. 2022:43 [ref. 39235], Quintela et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40727], Vieira et al. 2023:19 [ref. 40759]). Current status: Valid as Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758. Gymnotidae: Gymnotinae. Distribution: South America: Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

carapus, Sternopygus Günther [A.] 1870:7 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 8; ref. 1995] Unjustified emendation of Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758. The name Gymnotus carapus was used earlier by Gill 1864:151 [ref. 1698]. •Synonym of Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758. Unjustified Emend.. Current status: Synonym of Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758. Gymnotidae: Gymnotinae. Habitat: freshwater.

madeirensis, Gymnotus carapo Craig [J. M.], Crampton [W. G. R.] & Albert [J. S.] 2017:428, Fig. 3D [Zootaxa 4318 (no. 3); ref. 35568] Sandia, Río Candamo, Puno, Peru, 13°31'S, 69°41'W. Holotype: MUSM 12949. Paratypes: MUSM. Plus additional non-type material. •Synonym of Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Craig et al. 2018:116 [ref. 35904]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758. Gymnotidae: Gymnotinae. Distribution: Upper Madeira basin, Peru and Bolivia (if treated as a valid subspecies). Habitat: freshwater.

occidentalis, Gymnotus carapo Craig [J. M.], Crampton [W. G. R.] & Albert [J. S.] 2017:429, Fig. 3E [Zootaxa 4318 (no. 3); ref. 35568] Río Pacaya, Cocha Zapote, Loreto, Peru, 05°20'02"S, 74°29'05"W. Holotype: UF 126181. Paratype: UF. Plus additional non-type material. •Synonym of Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies occidentalis Craig, Crampton & Albert 2017 -- (Torgersen et al. 2023:778 [ref. 40692]). •Valid as Gymnotus occidentalis Craig, Crampton & Albert 2017. Current status: Valid as Gymnotus occidentalis Craig, Crampton & Albert 2017. Gymnotidae: Gymnotinae. Distribution: South America: western and northern Amazon basin (Peru, Colombia, Brazil and Guyana). Habitat: freshwater.

orientalis, Gymnotus carapo Craig [J. M.], Crampton [W. G. R.] & Albert [J. S.] 2017:430, Fig. 3F [Zootaxa 4318 (no. 3); ref. 35568] Rio Itacaiuna, Rio Tocantins, Serra Norte, Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brazil, 05°05'S, 50°22'W. Holotype: MZUSP 30025. Paratypes: MZUSP. Plus additional non-type material. •Synonym of Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758. Current status: Synonym of Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758. Gymnotidae: Gymnotinae. Distribution: Eastern Amazon basin, Pará, Brazil (if treated as a valid subspecies). Habitat: freshwater.

putaol, Gymnotus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1800:145, 176 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 2; ref. 2709] Brazil. No types known. Type catalog: Ferraris et al. 2017:[17] [ref. 35236]. •Synonym of Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758 -- (Mago-Leccia 1994:55 [ref. 21320], Albert 2001:124 [ref. 25614], Albert & Crampton 2003:7 [ref. 27077], Campos-da-Paz in Reis et al. 2003:484 [ref. 27061], Ferraris et al. 2017:[17] [ref. 35236], Craig et al. 2017:419 [ref. 35568]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758. Gymnotidae: Gymnotinae. Habitat: freshwater.

septentrionalis, Gymnotus carapo Craig [J. M.], Crampton [W. G. R.] & Albert [J. S.] 2017:432, Fig. 3G [Zootaxa 4318 (no. 3); ref. 35568] Río Apure, E. dike in UNELLEZ module, Apure, Venezuela, 09°55'7.26"N, 68°17'56.82"W. Holotype: UF 80734. Paratypes: UF. Plus additional non-type material. •Synonym of Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758. •Synonym of Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758 but a valid subspecies septentrionalis -- (Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:72 [ref. 35773]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758. Gymnotidae: Gymnotinae. Distribution: Orinoco basin: Colombia, Venezuela and Trinidad (if treated as a valid subspecies). Habitat: freshwater.