Species that contain: Leuciscus and cephalus [ 52 ] records

agdamicus, Squalius Kamensky [S. N.] 1901:49 [German p. 160] [Die Cypriniden der Kaukasusländer und ihrer angrenzenden Meere. 2.; ref. 14761] Near Agdam, Kuyra River basin, Azerbaijan. Holotype (unique): ?ZMT (not at ZIN). •Valid as Leuciscus agdamicus (Kamensky 1901) -- (Berg 1949:563 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608], Kottelat 1997:66 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566], Bogutskaya 1998:63 [ref. 23589], Fricke et al. 2007:41 [ref. 29533]). •Valid as Squalius agdamicus Kamensky 1901 -- (Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Kaya et al. 2020:337 [ref. 37582], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37535], Turan 2022:340 [ref. 39758], Çiçek et al. 2023:409 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:254 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Squalius agdamicus Kamensky 1901. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: Kura basin (Turkey and Azerbaijan). Habitat: freshwater.

albiensis, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:194 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Elbe River, Germany. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

albula, Cyprinus Nardo [G. D.] 1827:482, 488 [Isis (Oken) v. 20 (no. 6); ref. 19740] Adriatic Sea basin and France. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952] "restricted" the type description on one source with a locality to France, but the Code does not provide for such restriction in that manner. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •? Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

albus, Leuciscus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1838:fasc. 22, punt. 104, Pl. 113 (fig. 2) [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 4894] Lake Trasimeno, Italy. Syntypes: ANSP 6335-36 (2), MNHN 0000-3903 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:61-62 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1127 [ref. 20712], Böhlke 1984:68 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Bianco & Taraborelli 1984:114 [ref. 21915], Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079]). •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975]). •Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Bianco 2013:6 [ref. 32897]). •Valid as Squalius albus (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:261 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174]). Current status: Valid as Squalius albus (Bonaparte 1838). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southern Europe: Lake Trasimeno (Italy). Habitat: freshwater.

athurensis, Squalius cephalus var. Roule [L.] & Cardaillac de Saint-Paul [G. del P. de] 1903:732 [Comptes rendus de la ... session, Association Française pour l'Avancement des Sciences. Paris v. 31 (pt 2); ref. 18642] Adour River, southwestern France. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:66 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

berak, Squalius Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1078 [88] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Aleppo, Syria. Syntypes: NMW 48915 (6), SMF 469 [ex NMW] (3). Illustrated by Heckel 1843, Pl. 10 (fig. 1) [ref. 2067]. On p. 88 of separate [ref. 2067]. Appeared as name only and spelled Berag on p. 1041 [51]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608], Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566], Fricke et al. 2007:41 [ref. 29533]). •Valid as Squalius berak Heckel 1843 -- (Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Turan et al. 2009:60 [ref. 30540], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:108 [ref. 31360], Turan et al. 2013:322 [ref. 32584], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Khaefi et al. 2016:155 [ref. 34748], Esmaeili et al. 2016:119 [ref. 34985], Turan et al. 2017:2 [ref. 35136], Esmaeili et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:38 [ref. 36089], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:147 [ref. 37983], Turan 2022:339 [ref. 39758], Çiçek et al. 2023:22 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2023:410 [ref. 40625], Saad et al. 2023:32 [ref. 40501], Çiçek et al. 2024:255 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Squalius berak Heckel 1843. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River basin (Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

brutius, Leuciscus Costa [O. G.] 1838:Cyprinoides p. 22, Pl. 18 [Fauna del regno di Napoli Part 1; ref. 976] Crati River near Cosenza, Italy. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-0198. Paralectotypes: MNHN B-2590 [ex MNHN 0000-0198] (1), MZUF 5673 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:61 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1126 [ref. 20712], Vanni 1991:221 [ref. 20099]. Lectotype selected by Almaça 1969:1126 [ref. 20712]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •? Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

cabeda, Leuciscus Risso [A.] 1827:438 [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Lectotype: MNHN B-0846. Type catalog: Bertin 1945:375 [ref. 21554], Bertin & Estève 1948:61 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1124 [ref. 20712]. Lectotype selected by Almaça 1969:1124 [ref. 20712]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Squalius cabeda, subspecies cabeda (Risso 1827) -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:22 [ref. 28742], Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975]). •Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:275 [ref. 29996]). Current status: Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

capito, Cyprinus Scopoli [J. A.] 1786:73 [Deliciae florae et faunae Insubricae; ref. 18712] Lakes of Insubria, northern Italy. No types known. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Cyprinus capito Güldenstädt 1772. •Questionably a synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952]). •Questionably a synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •? Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

cavedanus, Leuciscus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1838:fasc. 22, punt. 104, Pl. 113 (fig. 3) [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 4894] Piccolo Reno stream, Bologna, Italy. Syntypes and/or Bonaparte specimens: ANSP 6313-18 (6), ?MNHN 0000-2623 (1) Rome. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:62 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1124 [ref. 20712], Böhlke 1984:72 [ref. 13621]. See Kottelat 1997:67 [ref. 22952] for note on types. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •? Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

cephaloides, Leuciscus Battalgil [F.] 1942:298, Fig. 8 [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles v. 7 (no. 4); ref. 13190] Armutlu, near Mudanya, northwestern Turkey. Syntypes: IUSHM 2009-982 (6). Type catalog: Özuluğ & Saç 2018:47 [ref. 35782]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bogutskaya 1997:173 [ref. 23566]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •Valid as Squalius cephaloides (Battalgil 1942) -- (Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:127 [ref. 31360], Turan et al. 2013:322 [ref. 32584], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644]). •Synonym of Squalius cii (Richardson 1857) -- (Bayçelebi et al. 2022:279 [ref. 39463], Çiçek et al. 2024:257 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cii (Richardson 1857). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Marmara Sea tributary, Bursa Province (Turkey) [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

cephalopsis, Squalius Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1080 [90] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Aleppo, Syria. Syntypes: NMW 49438 (3), 49440 (2). On p. 90 of separate [ref. 2067]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608], Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566], Fricke et al. 2007:41 [ref. 29533]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

cephalus, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:322 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Northern Europe. Syntypes: NRM 51 (1), ZMUU Linn. coll. 213 (1). Type catalog: Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:212-213 [ref. 20707], Wheeler 1991:163 [ref. 20102]. Kottelat 1997:66 [ref. 22952] "restricted" the name to the species described by Artedi, but the Code does not provide for such restriction in that manner. •Valid as Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:555 [ref. 20661], Bianco & Knezevic 1987:53 [ref. 21912], Mitrofanov et al. 1987:102 [ref. 37731], Bianco 1988:4 [ref. 22381], Bianco 1988:151 [ref. 22383], Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Bogutskaya 1994:617 [ref. 23569], Coad 1995:18 [ref. 23608], Chereshnev 1996:600 [ref. 24659], Coad 1996:71 [ref. 25297], Bianco et al. 1996:50 [ref. 26724], Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:738 [ref. 24702], Bianco 1997:616 [ref. 26725], Bogutskaya 1998:63 [ref. 23589], Ketmaier et al. 1998:47 [ref. 23809], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Briolay et al. 1998:101 [ref. 25586], Gabrielyan 2001:27 [ref. 25867], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:194 [ref. 26728], Hanel 2003:48 [ref. 27894], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:169 [ref. 28369], Hanel & Lusk 2005:195 [ref. 28804], Fricke 2007:28 [ref. 30577], Fricke et al. 2007:41 [ref. 29533]). •Valid as Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:212 [ref. 28742], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:89 [ref. 28183], Kottelat & Economidis 2006:181 [ref. 28769], Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Doadrio et al. 2007:252 [ref. 29342], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:264 [ref. 29996], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:167 [ref. 31251], Turan et al. 2009:60 [ref. 30540], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Coad 2010:193 [ref. 36620], Esmaeili et al. 2010:371 [ref. 33391], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Zupančič et al. 2010:155 [ref. 31002], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:107 [ref. 31360], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:880 [ref. 34062], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Al-Moussawi & Afrasiab 2019:37 [ref. 37204], Ćaleta et al. 2019:166 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108], Özuluğ & Saç 2019:31 [ref. 36599], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Bayhan 2021:247 [ref. 40683], Pozdeev et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39511], Çiçek et al. 2023:411 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[35] [ref. 40328] with question, Nagy et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40348], Çiçek et al. 2024:257 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Europe and Middle East. Introduced in Italy. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

chaptalii, Mugil Eydoux [J. F. T.] & Souleyet [F. A.] 1850:171, Pl. 4 (fig. 1) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 4501] Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-8100. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:685-686 [ref. 21541]. •Synonym of Neomyxus leuciscus (Günther 1872) -- (Randall 2005:77 [ref. 28239], Randall 2007:136 [ref. 30952]). •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Thomson 1997:484 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2096 [ref. 24780], Mundy 2005:278 [ref. 28379], Kottelat 2013:281 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

cii, Leuciscus Richardson [J.] 1857:375 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1856 (pt 24) (art. 2); ref. 18632] Gemlek [Gemelik] River, north of Bursa, northwestern Turkey. Lectotype: BMNH 1865.5.2.8-9 (99.5 mm SL specimen). Paralectotypes: BMNH 1856.5.2.8-9 (1 of 2). •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566]). •Valid as Squalius cii (Richardson 1857) -- (Stoumboudi et al. 2006:133 [ref. 28767], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:265 [ref. 29996] as cf. cii, Turan et al. 2009:61 [ref. 30540], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:130 [ref. 31360], Turan et al. 2013:322 [ref. 32584], Barbieri et al. 2015:67 [ref. 35029] as cf. cii dated 1856, Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Bayçelebi et al. 2022:279 [ref. 39463], Çiçek et al. 2023:411 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:257 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Squalius cii (Richardson 1857). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: southern Marmara Sea basin and (Kara) Menderes River (northwestern Anatolia, Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

clathratus, Squalius Blanchard [C. E.] 1866:398, Fig. 94 [Les poissons des eaux douces de la France; ref. 310] Lot River in Cahors, France. Lectotype: MNHN A-2260. Paralectotypes: MNHN B-2589 [ex MNHN A-2260] (1), A-2261 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:63 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1125 [ref. 20712]. Lectotype selected by Almaça 1969:1125 [ref. 20712]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

fellowesii, Leuciscus Günther [A.] 1868:224, Fig. [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Xanthos, Turkey. Syntypes: BMNH 1845.7.9.58-59 (2). •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •Valid as Squalius fellowesii (Günther 1868) -- (Turan et al. 2009:61 [ref. 30540], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:134 [ref. 31360], Turan et al. 2013:322 [ref. 32584], Barbieri et al. 2015:64 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:15 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:411 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:257 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Squalius fellowesii (Günther 1868). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Eşen Çayı (Mediterranean tribitary), Antalya Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

frigidus, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:234 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Probably Germany. Based on one specimens and Cyprinus idus Bloch. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

kietaibeli, Cyprinus Reisinger [J.] 1830:77 [Specimen ichthyologiae sistens pisces aquarium dulcium Hungariae; ref. 18620] Lake Balaton, Hungary. No types known. •Mentioned as kittaibeli by Valenciennes 1844:380 [ref. 1010]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

kosswigi, Leuciscus Karaman [M. S.] 1972:146, Fig. 12 [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 69; ref. 2561] Gumuldur [Gümüldür], south from Izmir, Turkey. Holotype: ZMH H4555. Paratypes: ZMH H4556 (2). Type catalog: Wilkens 1977:158 [ref. 22013]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bogutskaya 1997:173 [ref. 23566]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •Valid as Squalius kosswigi (Karaman 1972) -- (Turan et al. 2009:60 [ref. 30540], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:108 [ref. 31360], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:15 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:412 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:258 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Squalius kosswigi (Karaman 1972). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Mediterranean Sea tributary, Izmir Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

lapacinus, Leuciscus Stefani [R.], Serra [G. P.], Loffredo [F.] & Fossa [I.] 1987:15, Pls. 1, 2 (fig. 2) [Atti del Regio Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti v. 145; ref. 17733] Southern Croce Lake, Alpago, Italy. Holotype: IZUCS. Paratypes: IZUCS (11). •Hybrid between Alburnus alburnus x Leuciscus cephalus -- (Bianco 1988:152 [ref. 22383], Kottelat 1997:184 [ref. 22952], Bianco & Delmastro 2011:4 [ref. 31648]). •Hybrid between Alburnus alburnus x Squalius cephalus. Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

latifrons, Leuciscus Nilsson [S.] 1855:309 [Skandinavisk fauna; ref. 3205] Sweden; Finland. Syntypes: NRM (not found). •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

lugdunensis, Cyprinus Walbaum [J. J.] 1792:29 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] Rhine River near Leiden, Netherlands. Holotype: BMNH 1853.11.12.128. Based on material of Gronovius. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

macedonicus, Leuciscus (Leucos) Steindachner [F.] 1892:377 [21] [131], Pl. 2 (fig. 2) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 59 (1. Abth.); ref. 14517] Lake Dojran, Republic of Macedonia and Greece. Syntypes: NMW 7025028 (4), 49811-13 (1, 5, 2). On p. 21 of separate; on p. 131 of abstract. •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:23 [ref. 28742]). •Valid as Pachychilon macedonicum (Steindachner 1892) -- (Kottelat 1997:72 [ref. 22952], Ráb et al. 2000:107 [ref. 24487], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:209 [ref. 29996], Perea et al. 2010:16 [ref. 31802], Barbieri et al. 2015:56 [ref. 35029]). Current status: Valid as Pachychilon macedonicum (Steindachner 1892). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Greece and Macedonia. Habitat: freshwater.

macedonicus, Leuciscus cephalus Karaman [S. L.] 1955:185 [Acta Musei Macedonici Scientiarum Naturalium v. 3 (no. 7); ref. 12279] Struma River system, Yugoslavia. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Leuciscus macedonicus Steindachner 1892. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:66 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

meridionalis, Squalius Blanchard [C. E.] 1866:396, Fig. 33 [Les poissons des eaux douces de la France; ref. 310] Original localities: River Sâve [lot-et-Garonne] and River Sorgue near Avignon in Rhone basin, France. Lectotype: MNHN A-2257. Paralectotypes: MNHN A-2257 (1), ?USNM 28580 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:63 [ref. 19574] with a holotype, since there were multiple localities this does not establish a lectotype. Lectotype designation probably dates to Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

meunier, Squalius Heckel [J. J.] 1852:68 [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 9; ref. 18260] Based on literature sources. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

moreoticus, Leuciscus (Squalius) cephalus Stephanidis [A.] 1971:197, Fig. 8 [Biologia Gallo-Hellenica v. 3 (no. 2) (for 1970); ref. 7540] Stymphalis Lake, Peloponnesus, Greece. Syntypes: (11) Lab. Zool. de l'Univ. de Thessalonique, Greece. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:66 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius peloponensis (Valenciennes 1844), but a valid subspecies -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:23 [ref. 28742]). •Valid as Squalius moreoticus (Stephanidis 1971) -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:269 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Barbieri et al. 2015:65 [ref. 35029]). Current status: Valid as Squalius moreoticus (Stephanidis 1971). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Greece. Habitat: freshwater.

nothulus, Leuciscus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1841:fasc. 30, intro p. 5, Pl. 112 (fig. 2) [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 512] No locality. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

orientalis, Leuciscus Nordmann [A. von] 1840:484 [Voyage dans la Russie méridionale et la Crimée; ref. 3209] Abkhazia [Abasie], Georgia [Asia]. No types known. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Berg 1949:557 [ref. 20661], Bianco & Bănărescu 1982:77 [ref. 8508]). •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608], Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566], Bogutskaya 1998:63 [ref. 23589]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:23 [ref. 28742]). •Valid as Squalius orientalis (Nordmann 1840) -- (Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Turan et al. 2009:60 [ref. 30540], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:880 [ref. 34062], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Khaefi et al. 2016:157 [ref. 34748], Turan et al. 2017:2 [ref. 35136], Esmaeili et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35254], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644]. Kaya et al. 2020:328 [ref. 37582], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37535], Çiçek et al. 2023:412 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[35] [ref. 40328] with question, Çiçek et al. 2024:261 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Squalius orientalis (Nordmann 1840). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: Caspian Sea region. Habitat: freshwater.

orientalis, Squalius Heckel [J. J.] 1847:225, Pl. 16 (fig. 2) [Reisen in Europa, Asien und Africa v. 2 (pt 3); ref. 2068] Kueik River near Aleppo, Syria. Syntypes: NMW 49438 (3), ?49440 (2). Possibly not intended by Heckel as an original species description; otherwise it is a homonym of Leuciscus orientalis Nordmann 1840. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566]). •Synonym of Squalius berak Heckel 1843 -- (Çiçek et al. 2024:255 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Squalius berak Heckel 1843. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

orthonotus, Cyprinus Hermann [J.] 1804:322 [Observationes zoologicae; ref. 2146] France. No types known. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

pacificus, Myxus Steindachner [F.] 1900:175 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 37 (no. 16) (for 21 June 1900); ref. 20498] Laysan Island, Leeward Islands, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): UMB (not found). Type catalog: Wahlert 1955:326 [ref. 21527]. Species later described in detail in Steindachner 1900:500 [ref. 14892] (p. 18 of separate). •Questionably a synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Mundy 2005:278 [ref. 28379]). •Possibly young of Chaenomugil leuciscus (Günther 1872) -- (Thomson 1997:545 [ref. 23428]). Current status: Uncertain as Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

pamvoticus, Leuciscus cabeda var. Stephanidis [A.] 1939:30, Pl. 6 [The freshwater fishes of northern Greece and the island of Corfu.; ref. 21156] Lake Pamvotis, central Greece. Syntypes: apparently lost. Named pamvotis by Schmidt-Ries 1943:334 [ref. 23019]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:66 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Squalius pamvoticus (Stephanidis 1939) -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:271 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Zupančič et al. 2010:155 [ref. 31002], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Barbieri et al. 2015:66 [ref. 35029], Shumka et al. 2023:40 [ref. 40747]). Current status: Valid as Squalius pamvoticus (Stephanidis 1939). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Albania and Greece. Habitat: freshwater.

pareti, Squalius Bonaparte [C. L.] 1841:fasc. 30, Intro. 16 [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 515] Liguria, Italy. Syntypes: ANSP 6332-34 (3), USNM 10139 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:86 [ref. 13621]. Also described as new in Bonaparte 1842:148 [ref. 16977] with locality fish market of Scoglietto del Durazzo, Genoa, Italy. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •? Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

peloponensis, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:197 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Morea, Peloponnese Peninsula, Greece. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-3905. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:62 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1127 [ref. 20712]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Squalius peloponensis (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:23 [ref. 28742] as peloponnensis, Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:271 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Zupančič et al. 2010:156 [ref. 31002], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Barbieri et al. 2015:66 [ref. 35029], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174]). Current status: Valid as Squalius peloponensis (Valenciennes 1844). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Greece. Habitat: freshwater.

platycephala, Squalius turcicus var. Kamensky [S. N.] 1897:85, Pl. 4 (figs. 6-8) [Trudy Obshchestva estestvoispitatelei pri Imperatorskom, Kharkov Universitet v. 31; ref. 18369] Lake Taparavani and Kyrchbulach River, Caucasus, Georgia, Eurasia. Syntypes: (5) not found at ZIN. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) subspecies orientalis Nordmann 1840 -- (Berg 1949:559 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608], Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

prespensis, Leuciscus cephalus Fowler [H. W.] 1977:28 [Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum (Taipei) v. 30 (nos 1/2); ref. 9336] Lake Prespa and tributaries, southwestern Yugoslavia/southeastern Albania. Available by indication to Squalius cephalus cavedanus var. prespensis Karaman 1924. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:66 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:23 [ref. 28742]). •Valid as Squalius prespensis (Fowler 1977) -- (Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:272 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Zupančič et al. 2010:156 [ref. 31002]. Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Barbieri et al. 2015:66 [ref. 35029], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174], Shumka et al. 2023:40 [ref. 40747]). Current status: Valid as Squalius prespensis (Fowler 1977). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Lakes Prespa basin (Greece, Macedonia and Albania). Habitat: freshwater.

pursakensis, Leuciscus orientalis var. Hankó [B.] 1925:140, Pl. 3 (fig. 1) [Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici v. 21 (for 29 Dec. 1924); ref. 2035] Kara-Chehir, Kötschke-Kissik and Eski-Chehir, Turkey. Syntypes: (2) lost. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:66 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •Valid as Squalius pursakensis (Hankó 1925) -- (Turan et al. 2009:60 [ref. 30540], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:139 [ref. 31360], Turan et al. 2013:322 [ref. 32584], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:15 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Kelleci et al. 2021:282 [ref. 38359], Çiçek et al. 2023:413 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:262 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Squalius pursakensis (Hankó 1925). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Sakarya River drainage, Black Sea tributaries (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

rissoi, Leuciscus Schinz [H. R.] 1840:326 [Europaïsche Fauna; ref. 18695] Brooks near Nice, Département des Alpes-Maritimes, France. No types known. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

ruffoi, Leuciscus cephalus Bianco [P. G.] & Recchia [F.] 1983:16, Fig.1 [Bollettino di Zoologia v. 50 (nos 1-2); ref. 8982] Savuto River, Calabria, Italy. Holotype: IZA 830a. Paratypes: IZA 830 (32). •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:66 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837) but probably a distinct taxon -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:275 [ref. 29996]). •Valid as Squalius ruffoi (Bianco & Recchia 1983) -- (Bianco & Delmastro 2011:4 [ref. 31648], Bianco 2013:6 [ref. 32897]). •May be a valid species -- (Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905]). Current status: Valid as Squalius ruffoi (Bianco & Recchia 1983). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southern Europe: southern Italy. Habitat: freshwater.

rufus, Cyprinus Vallot [J.-N.] 1837:185 [Ichthyologie française, ou histoire naturelle des poissons d'eau douce de la France.; ref. 17873] Pontailler and Auxonne, France. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

salmoneus, Cyprinus Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:186 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Rhine River near Leiden, Netherlands. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.138 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:212 [ref. 13434] as holotype. •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wheeler 1958:212 [ref. 13434]). •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

squalius, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:191 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Italy. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-3914. Paralectotypes: MNHN B-2588 [ex MNHN 0000-3914] (1), 5421 (4). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:62 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1124 [ref. 20712]. Lectotype selected by Almaça 1969:1124 [ref. 20712]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •? Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

squalus, Leuciscus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1837:fasc. 19, punt. 96, Pls. 111 (fig. 1), 112 (fig. 2) [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 4893] River Tiber, Italy. Lectotype: ANSP 6273. Syntypes and/or Bonaparte specimens: ANSP 6274-6309 (36), MNHN 0000-5421 (4) Tiber R. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:61 [ref. 19574], Böhlke 1984:91 [ref. 13621]. Lectotyope designated by Bianco 2014:91 [ref. 33536]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •Valid as Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:274 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Zupančič et al. 2010:155 [ref. 31002], Perea et al. 2010:13 [ref. 31802], Bianco 2013:6 [ref. 32897], Bianco 2014:92 [ref. 33536], Ćaleta et al. 2019:167 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174] with authors Heckel & Kner 1858). Current status: Valid as Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southern Europe: Italy and France; eastern Adriatic basin (Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina). Habitat: freshwater.

tauricus, Alburnus Kessler [K. F.] 1859:534 [Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou v. 32 (pt 1); ref. 18392] Simferopol market, Crimea, Ukraine. Holotype (unique): not at ZIN. Also appeared as new in Kessler 1860:118 [ref. 18393]. •A hybrid between Leuciscus cephalus x Chalcalburnus chalcoides -- (Berg 1949:557 [ref. 20661], Kottelat 1997:183 [ref. 22952]). •Hybrid between Squalius cephalus x Alburnus chalcoides. Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

trichilus, Mugil Vaillant [L. L.] & Sauvage [H.-E.] 1875:281 [Revue et Magasin de Zoologie (Sér. 3) v. 3; ref. 17853] Hawaiian Islands. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-8073 (3), 0000-8074 (3), A-0467 (2). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:699-700 [ref. 21541]. •Synonym of Chaenomugil leuciscus (Günther 1872) -- (Thomson 1997:477 [ref. 23428], Kottelat 2013:282 [ref. 32989] with question). •Synonym of Neomyxus leuciscus (Günther 1872). •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758, but available as a Hawaiian subspecies if needed -- (Randall 2007:135 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

turcicus, Squalius De Filippi [F.] 1865:359 [Note di un viaggio in Persia nel 1862; ref. 13943] River Arax [Aras Nehri] near Erzurum, Turkey. ?MZUT. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies orientalis Nordmann 1840 -- (Berg 1949:557 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608], Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566]). •Valid as Squalius turcicus De Filippi 1865 -- (Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Turan et al. 2013:323 [ref. 32584], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Khaefi et al. 2016:156 [ref. 34748], Esmaeili et al. 2016:119 [ref. 34985], Turan et al. 2017:2 [ref. 35136], Esmaeili et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35254], Çiçek et al. 2018:16 [ref. 36267], Esmaeili et al. 2018:38 [ref. 36089], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:152 [ref. 37983], Kaya et al. 2020:337 [ref. 37582], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37535], Çiçek et al. 2023:414 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:264 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Squalius turcicus De Filippi 1865. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Kura-Aras River and southern Caspian Sea basins (Turkey, Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

tyberinus, Squalius Bonaparte [C. L.] 1841:Fasc. 30, Intro. 5 [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 512] Tevere and Arno rivers, streams of Toscana, [Stato Romano and Regno di Napoli] Rome and Naples, Italy. Syntypes: ANSP 6273-6309 (37), MNHN 0000-5421 (4), NMW 48290 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:94 [ref. 13621], Bertin & Estève 1948:61 [ref. 19574]. Based on Leuciscus ciscus squalius of Bonaparte, Pl. 111 (fig. 1), Pl. 112 (fig. 2). •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •? Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

vandoisulus, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:317 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] No locality. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-1686 (2). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:63 [ref. 19574], Gilbert 1998:160-161 [ref. 23395]. The same as and treated as a synonym of Clinostomus funduloides Girard 1856, but vandoisulus with wrong locality information. •Synonym of European Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Lachner & Deubler 1960 [ref. 21967], Gilbert 1998:161 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

vardarensis, Squalius cephalus Karaman [S.] 1928:156 [Glasnik Skopskog Nauchnog Drustva [Glasnik -- Bulletin de la Société Scientifique de Skopje]. v. 6; ref. 15903] Yugoslavia. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Also in Karaman 1929:172 [ref. 15904]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:66 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies vardarensis Karaman 1928 -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:23 [ref. 28742], Freyhof et al. 2006:418 [ref. 28484]). •Valid as Squalius vardarensis Karaman 1928 -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:277 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:108 [ref. 31360], Barbieri et al. 2015:67 [ref. 35029], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174]). Current status: Valid as Squalius vardarensis Karaman 1928. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Greece and Macedonia. Introduced in Italy. Habitat: freshwater.

wjatkensis, Leuciscus cephalus var. Lukasch [B. S.] 1933:50 [Trudy Vyatskogo Nauch.-issl. Inst. Kraev. No. 6; ref. 18459] Lower Vyatka River near Mulino and vicinity, Volga River basin, Russia. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:66 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1998:63 [ref. 23589]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.