Species that contain: Leuciscus and leuciscus [ 469 ] records

acinaces, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:347 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Mysore, India. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-3952. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:85 [ref. 19574]. •Valid as Salmostoma acinaces (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Bănărescu 1971:16 [ref. 20612], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:321 [ref. 20764], Easa & Shaji 1996:305 [ref. 24977], Menon 1999:24 [ref. 24904], Raju Thomas et al. 2002:50 [ref. 26359], Yadav 2003:6 [ref. 27711], Shrestha 2008:87 [ref. 29923], Arunkumar & Manimekalan 2018:1739 [ref. 36172] as Salmophasia, Bleher 2018:772 [ref. 36647]). Current status: Valid as Salmostoma acinaces (Valenciennes 1844). Danionidae: Chedrinae. Distribution: Nepal, India and Bangladesh. Habitat: freshwater.

acutus, Leuciscus Richardson [J.] (ex Broussonet) 1846:297 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China. No types known. Type information: Whitehead 1970:210 [ref. 11606]. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

adele, Leuciscus Warpachowski [N. A.] 1892:150, Figs. 2-3 [Vestnik Rybopromyshlennosti St. Petersburg v. 7 (no. 4); ref. 19484] Vladivostok, Russia. Holotype (unique): ZIN 8785. •Synonym of Leuciscus brandtii Dybowski 1872 -- (Berg 1949:570 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Tribolodon brandtii (Dybowski 1872) -- (Dyldin & Orlov 2016:666 [ref. 34853]). •Synonym of Pseudaspius brandtii (Dybowski 1872). Current status: Synonym of Pseudaspius brandtii (Dybowski 1872). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

aeneus, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:361 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] China. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

aethiops, Leuciscus Basilewsky [S.] 1855:233, Pl. 6 (fig. 1) [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] Near Tien-tsin at and Beijing [Peking], China. Syntypes: ?BMNH 1873.7.30.92-93 (2), ZIN 5900 (1). •Synonym of Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson 1846) -- (Berg 1949:537 [ref. 20661], Yang & Hwang 1964:9 [ref. 13497], Mai 1978:118 [ref. 13511], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:44 [ref. 22798], Bogutskaya 1998:90 [ref. 23589], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:100 [ref. 23878], Bíró 1999:347 [ref. 24857], Kottelat 2013:125 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson 1846). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

affinis, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:150 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Gand [=Ghent], Belgium. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-3354. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:57-58 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1119 [ref. 20712]. •Based on a hybrid between Rutilus rutilus x Scardinius erythrophthalmus -- (Kottelat 1997:184 [ref. 22952]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

agassii, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:254, Pl. 495 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Danube River at Munich, Germany; introduced elsewhere. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-0712. Paralectotypes: MNHN B-2586 [ex MNHN 0000-0712] (4). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:63 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1123 [ref. 20712]. Spelled agassizii on plate and agassii in text (on "L'Able d'Agassiz"); the latter is correctly formed; Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes serves as first reviser selecting agassii according to Kottelat & Freyhof 2009:80 [ref. 30320]. Lectotype selected by Almaça 1969:1123 [ref. 20712]. See Kottelat & Freyhof 2009:80 [ref. 30320] for more details. •Synonym of Leuciscus souffia Risso 1827, but a valid subspecies -- (Lelek 1987:210 [ref. 22962] as agassizi). •Valid as Telestes agassizii (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:200 [ref. 26728] as agassizi). •Synonym of Leuciscus souffia Risso 1827 -- (Kottelat 1997:70 [ref. 22952], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:288 [ref. 29996] as agassii, Kottelat & Freyhof 2009:80 [ref. 30320] as agassii). Current status: Synonym of Telestes souffia (Risso 1827). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

agdamicus, Squalius Kamensky [S. N.] 1901:49 [German p. 160] [Die Cypriniden der Kaukasusländer und ihrer angrenzenden Meere. 2.; ref. 14761] Near Agdam, Kuyra River basin, Azerbaijan. Holotype (unique): ?ZMT (not at ZIN). •Valid as Leuciscus agdamicus (Kamensky 1901) -- (Berg 1949:563 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608], Kottelat 1997:66 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566], Bogutskaya 1998:63 [ref. 23589], Fricke et al. 2007:41 [ref. 29533]). •Valid as Squalius agdamicus Kamensky 1901 -- (Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Kaya et al. 2020:337 [ref. 37582], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37535], Turan 2022:340 [ref. 39758], Çiçek et al. 2023:409 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:254 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Squalius agdamicus Kamensky 1901. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: Kura basin (Turkey and Azerbaijan). Habitat: freshwater.

albidus, Leuciscus Costa [O. G.] 1838:Cyprinoides p. 16, Pl. 14 [Fauna del regno di Napoli Part 1; ref. 976] Campania, Cilento, Alento River near Fasana village, Italy. Neotype: IZA 7899. Neotype designated by Bianco 1980:32 [ref. 20633]. •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Coad 1995:11 [ref. 23608]). •Valid as Alburnus albidus (Costa 1838) -- (Bianco 1980:31 [ref. 20633], Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079], Lelek 1987:139 [ref. 22962], Oliva et al. 1988:216 [ref. 26137], Kottelat 1997:45 [ref. 22952], Fricke et al. 2007:29 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:163 [ref. 29996], Buj et al. 2010:130 [ref. 30888], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108]). Current status: Valid as Alburnus albidus (Costa 1838). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southern Europe: Adriatic basin, Croatia, Italy and Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

albiensis, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:194 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Elbe River, Germany. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

albolineatus, Alestes nurse Holly [M.] 1928:312, Fig. 1 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 76 (nos 11/12) (art. 9); ref. 15854] Senegal. Syntypes: (23) NMW 13113-33 (21), 13334-35 (2). Type catalog: Bogutskaya et al. 2022:46 [ref. 39277]. •Synonym of Alestes leuciscus Günther 1867 -- (Paugy 1984:150 [ref. 6183]). •Synonym of Bryconalestes leuciscus (Günther 1867) -- (Boden & Geelhand de Merxem 2024:33 [ref. 40817]). •Synonym of Brycinus leuciscus (Günther 1867). Current status: Synonym of Brycinus leuciscus (Günther 1867). Alestidae. Habitat: freshwater.

alborella, Aspius De Filippi [F.] 1844:402 [16] [Pesci finora osservati in Lombardia v. 1; ref. 19961] Lombardy, northern Italy. Syntypes: ?NMW 55408 (7). On p. 16 of separate. Also appeared in De Filippi 1845:98 [ref. 18079]. Leuciscus alburnellus Martens 1857:179, Pl. 9 (fig. 6) is an unjustified emendation (not investigated). •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758), but a questionable subspecies -- (Lelek 1987:142 [ref. 22962]). •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Bianco 1980:36 [ref. 20633], Bianco & Taraborelli 1984:112 [ref. 21915]). •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies arborella (Bonaparte 1841) -- (Bianco 1988:151 [ref. 22383]). •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:45 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Alburnus alborella (De Filippi 1844) -- (Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:194 [ref. 26728] as arborella, Bianco 2013:9 [ref. 32897]). •Synonym of Alburnus arborella (Bonaparte 1841) -- (Kottelat & Bianco 2005:179 [ref. 28261]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus arborella (Bonaparte 1841). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Italy. Habitat: freshwater.

albula, Cyprinus Nardo [G. D.] 1827:482, 488 [Isis (Oken) v. 20 (no. 6); ref. 19740] Adriatic Sea basin and France. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952] "restricted" the type description on one source with a locality to France, but the Code does not provide for such restriction in that manner. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •? Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

albula, Leuciscus Lesniewski [P. E.] 1837:38, 39 [Rybactwo krajowe czyli historyja naturalna ryb krajowych. I.; ref. 22005] Poland. •Status uncertain. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

albuloides, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:298 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Iran rivers. •Questionably a synonym of Chalcalburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772) -- (Coad 1995:15 [ref. 23608]). •Synonym of Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:125 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:214 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

alburnoides, Leuciscus Steindachner [F.] 1866:263 [3], Pl. 1 (fig. 3) [Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften v. 54 (1. Abth.); ref. 18777] Stream near Merida, Spain. Lectotype: NMW 49749:2. Paralectotypes: NMW 49749:1, 3-15 (13), 49778 (12). Species not listed in earlier abstract (Steindachner 1866 [ref. 21716]). Also in Steindachner 1866:5 [ref. 18757]. Lectotype selected by Bogutskaya 2000:20 [ref. 24891]. •Valid as Rutilus alburnoides (Steindachner 1866) -- (Kottelat 1997:76 [ref. 22952]). •See Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975]. •Valid as Iberocypris alburnoides (Steindachner 1866) -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:199 [ref. 29996]). •Valid as Leuciscus alburnoides Steindachner 1866 -- (Collares-Pereira et al. 1999:466 [ref. 39857]). •Valid as Tropidophoxinellus alburnoides (Steindachner 1866) -- (Bogutskaya 2000:20 [ref. 24891], Bogutskaya et al. 2000:62 [ref. 24445], Bogutskaya & Coad 2009:171 [ref. 30270]). •Valid as Squalius alburnoides (Steindachner 1866) -- (Alves et al. 2002:649 [ref. 28744], Collares-Pereira & Coelho 2010:707 [ref. 31439]). Current status: Valid as Squalius alburnoides (Steindachner 1866). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southwestern Europe: Portugal and Spain. Habitat: freshwater.

alburnus, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:325 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Europe. No types known. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:21 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Valid as Leuciscus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Herrera 1896:20 [ref. 39336]). •Valid as Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:746 [ref. 20661], Lelek 1987:144 [ref. 22962], Mitrofanov et al. 1988:114 [ref. 37734], Oliva et al. 1988:204 [ref. 26137], Coad 1995:10 [ref. 23608], Chereshnev 1996:599 [ref. 24659], Kottelat 1997:45 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:164 [ref. 23566], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:735 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:56 [ref. 23589], Briolay et al. 1998:101 [ref. 25586], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Fricke 1999:22 [ref. 24101], Bogutskaya et al. 2000:62 [ref. 24445], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Hanel 2003:51 [ref. 27894], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:79 [ref. 28183], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:166 [ref. 28369], Hanel & Lusk 2005:236 [ref. 28804], Fricke 2007:28 [ref. 30577], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:164 [ref. 29996], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2008:310 [ref. 29389], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:166 [ref. 31251], Bogutskaya & Coad 2009:170 [ref. 30270], Coad 2009:63 [ref. 30710], Buj et al. 2010:130 [ref. 30888], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Esmaeili et al. 2010:367 [ref. 33391], Parin et al. 2014:67 [ref. 33547], Barbieri et al. 2015:43 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:145 [ref. 35151], Bogutskaya et al. 2017:106 [ref. 35513], Romanov et al. 2017:821 [ref. 35687], Özuluğ et al. 2018:33 [ref. 35953], Ćaleta et al. 2019:156 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Çiçek et al. 2020:250 [ref. 37644], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37535], Pozdeev et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39511], Çiçek et al. 2023:53 [ref. 40326], Çiçek et al. 2023:388 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[28] [ref. 40328], Nagy et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40348], Çiçek et al. 2024:211 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia, east to the Black Sea region. Introduced in Italy. Habitat: freshwater.

albus, Leuciscus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1838:fasc. 22, punt. 104, Pl. 113 (fig. 2) [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 4894] Lake Trasimeno, Italy. Syntypes: ANSP 6335-36 (2), MNHN 0000-3903 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:61-62 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1127 [ref. 20712], Böhlke 1984:68 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Bianco & Taraborelli 1984:114 [ref. 21915], Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079]). •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975]). •Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Bianco 2013:6 [ref. 32897]). •Valid as Squalius albus (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:261 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174]). Current status: Valid as Squalius albus (Bonaparte 1838). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southern Europe: Lake Trasimeno (Italy). Habitat: freshwater.

alfredianus, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:xvi (77), Pl. 488 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Mysore, India [not Nepal]. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-2750. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:81 [ref. 19574]. As duvaucelii on p. 77, but duvaucelii used for another species on p. 95. Changed to alfredianus on the "Avis au relieur" found at the end of the volume and on p. xvi (on which p. 77 and Pl. 488 are cited) and Pl. 488 •Synonym of Osteobrama vigorsii (Sykes 1839) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:242 [ref. 20764]). •Synonym of Osteobrama cotio (Hamilton 1822), subspecies cunma (Day 1888) -- (Menon 1999:65 [ref. 24904] as alfrediana). •Valid as Osteobrama alfredianus (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Doi 1997:9 [ref. 22832] as alfrediana). Current status: Valid as Osteobrama alfredianus (Valenciennes 1844). Cyprinidae: Smiliogastrinae. Distribution: Southeast Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

alter, Cyprinus leuciscus var. Forsskål [P. S.] 1775:71 [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, or Luhaiya, Yemen, Red Sea. No types known. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

altus, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:237 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Lago Maggiore, Italy. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Based on a figure from Bonaparte. •Synonym of Rutilus aula (Bonaparte 1841) -- (Kottelat 1997:76 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Leucos aula (Bonaparte 1841) Current status: Synonym of Leucos aula (Bonaparte 1841). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

anastoma, Leuciscus (Chela) Swainson [W.] 1839:285 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] No types known. Based on Gray 1834:259, Indian Zoology. •Synonym of Chela cachius (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1999:35 [ref. 24904], Kottelat 2013:87 [ref. 32989] with question). Current status: Synonym of Chela cachius (Hamilton 1822). Danionidae: Danioninae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

anatolicus, Leuciscus lepidus Bogutskaya [N. G.] 1997:173 [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 94; ref. 23566] Beyşehir Gölü, central Turkey. Holotype: ZMH 8864. Paratypes: ZMH 1134 (1), 2463 (8), 6635 (1), 6638 (1), 22787 (2). •Synonym of Leuciscus lepidus (Heckel 1843), but presumed valid as a subspecies as described. •Valid as Leuciscus anatolicus Bogutskaya 1997 -- (Fricke et al. 2007:41 [ref. 29533]). •Valid as Squalius anatolicus (Bogutskaya 1997) -- (Turan et al. 2009:57 [ref. 30540], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:114 [ref. 31360], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36267], Bayçelebi et al. 2020:140 [ref. 37381], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:409 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2023:152 [ref. 40728], Çiçek et al. 2024:254 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Squalius anatolicus (Bogutskaya 1997). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Beyşehir Gölü and Beyşehir Gölü tributaries, Isparta and Konya provinces (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

angrenicus, Leuciscus Serov [N. P.] 1941:72 [Izvestija Uzbekistanskogo Filiala Akademii Nauk SSSR v. 4; ref. 21754] Angren River in basin of Syr-Darya, Uzbekistan. •Synonym of Leuciscus lehmanni Brandt 1852 -- (Berg 1949:548 [ref. 20661]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus lehmanni Brandt 1852. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

aphipsi, Leuciscus Aleksandrov [A. I.] 1927:155, Fig. [Trudy Kerčenskoj Naučnoj Rybochozjajstvennoj Stancii v. 1 (nos 2-3); ref. 15835] Aphips River above Krepostnaya, Kuban Basin, Russia. Neotype: ZIN 50427. Syntypes: (64) destroyed. Neotype designated by Bogutskaya & Poznyak 1994:309 [ref. 22694]. •Valid as Leuciscus aphipsi Aleksandrov 1927 -- (Berg 1949:562 [ref. 20661], Bogutskaya & Poznyak 1994:308 [ref. 22694], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:738 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:63 [ref. 23589], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178]). •Valid as Squalius aphipsi (Aleksandrov 1927) -- (Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:88 [ref. 28183], Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:262 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Dyldin et al. 2020:111 [ref. 37569]). •Valid as Petroleuciscus aphipsi (Aleksandrov 1927) -- (Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Freyhof et al. 2018:131 [ref. 35889], Dyldin et al. 2023:[33] [ref. 40328], Kaya et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40658]). Current status: Valid as Petroleuciscus aphipsi (Aleksandrov 1927). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eastern Europe: Kuban River, Transcaucasia, northwestern Caucasus (Russia). Habitat: freshwater.

apiatus, Cyprinus Valenciennes [A.] in Jacquemont 1838:no p., Pl. 15 (fig. 3, 3a-b) [Voyage dans l'Inde pendant les années 1828 à 1832; ref. 17872] India. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-3904 (1), B-2616 (2). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:68-69 [ref. 19574]. Type information: Daget 1984:511 [ref. 23265]. Plate probably dates to 1838, see Britz et al. 2017:540 [ref. 35498]. Even if Bertin & Estève 1948:68 [ref. 19574] are correct in dating this plate to 1841, this predates Leuciscus apiatus Valenciennes 1844. •Synonym of Barilius bendelisis (Hamilton 1807) -- (Menon 1999:15 [ref. 24904] as bendilisis). Current status: Synonym of Opsarius bendelisis (Hamilton 1807). Danionidae: Chedrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

apollonitis, Leuciscus Richardson [J.] 1857:374 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1856 (pt 24) (art. 2); ref. 18632] Lake Apollonitis [Apulyont], northwestern Turkey. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1856.5.2.6. •Synonym of Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:83 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:179 [ref. 23566]). Current status: Synonym of Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

aradensis, Leuciscus Coelho [M. M.], Bogutskaya [N. G.], Rodrigues [J. A.] & Collares-Pereira [M. J.] 1998:943, Fig. 2 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 52 (no. 5); ref. 24127] Arade River, Silves, Arade basin, Portugal. Holotype: MB 23296/05-1219a. Paratypes: MB 23296/05-1219b (10), 7193/05-325 (2). •Valid as Leuciscus aradensis Coelho, Bogutskaya, Rodrigues & Collares-Pereira 1998. •Valid as Squalius aradensis (Coelho, Bogutskaya, Rodrigues & Collares-Pereira 1998) -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:21 [ref. 28742], Freyhof et al. 2006:418 [ref. 28484], Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Doadrio et al. 2007:96 [ref. 29250], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:263 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:107 [ref. 31360], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174]). Current status: Valid as Squalius aradensis (Coelho, Bogutskaya, Rodrigues & Collares-Pereira 1998). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Algibre River basin, southern Portugal. Habitat: freshwater.

arcasii, Leucos Steindachner [F.] 1866:14 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe v. 3; ref. 21709] Ebro River at Logroño, La Rioja, and Cailes [Queiles] River at Tudela, Navarra, Spain. Syntypes: (many) NMW 50639-49 (3, 2, 3, 4, 3, 30, 2, 5, 6, 20, 9), 50650-51 (3, 27), 49760 (4), 49752-777 (75 spec., 26 lots), 60743 (1), 60485 (1). Species first described in the abstract above, later described in more detail in Steindachner 1866 [ref. 14058], p. 199 [p. 2 of separate]; also appeared in Steindachner 1866:14 [p. 9 of separate] [ref. 18776] as Leuciscus (Leucos) arcasii and in Steindachner 1866:311 [ref. 21711] and Steindachner 1866:5 [ref. 18757] as Leuciscus arcasii. Misspelled arca by Seeley 1886:179 [ref. 30373] in genus Leuciscus. •Valid as Rutilus arcasii (Steindachner 1866) -- (Kottelat 1997:76 [ref. 22952]). •See Ketmaier et al. 1998:47 [ref. 23809]. •Valid as Chondrostoma arcasii (Steindachner 1866) -- (Doadrio & Carmona 2003:30 [ref. 28132], Coelho et al. 2005:202 [ref. 28430], Robalo et al. 2005:24 [ref. 28431], Gante et al. 2007:26 [ref. 29300], Gante et al. 2010:968 [ref. 35176]). •Valid as Achondrostoma arcasii (Steindachner 1866) -- (Robalo et al. 2007:370 [ref. 28878], Doadrio & Elvira 2007:296 [ref. 29510], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:156 [ref. 29996], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Doadrio et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40184]). Current status: Valid as Achondrostoma arcasii (Steindachner 1866). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southwest Europe: Ebro and Levantine (Mijares, Turia and Palancia) drainages, Spain. Habitat: freshwater.

argentea, Xenocypris Günther [A.] 1868:205 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] China. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1855.9.19.1147. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied by Leuciscus argenteus Basilewsky 1855 and Storer 1839 when in Leuciscus. See Leuciscus argenteus Basilewsky 1855. Name can be used if nomenclatural conditions are met. •Valid as Xenocypris argentea Günther 1868 -- (Yang 1964:122 [ref. 13500], Bănărescu 1970:396 [ref. 7718], Mai 1978:169 [ref. 13511], Wang 1984:58 [ref. 22951], Chen in Kuang et al. 1986:54 [ref. 26639], Li 1986:482 [ref. 6154], Che & Li in Chu & Chen 1989:93 [ref. 13584], Zheng et al. 1989:112 [ref. 21202], Liu et al. in Pan et al. 1991:119 [ref. 23876], Ding 1994:153 [ref. 21531], Zhu 1995:43 [ref. 25213], Cheng & Zhou 1997:132 [ref. 26385], Liu & He in Chen et al. 1998:211 [ref. 23878], Tang et al. 2001:12 [ref. 25373], Wang et al. 2001:108 [ref. 26566], Zhao et al. 2009:44 [ref. 30545], Zhang et al. 2016:65 [ref. 34477], Zhang et al. 2019:195 [ref. 36699], Guo 2021:177 [ref. 38617]). •Synonym of Xenocypris argentea (Basilewsky 1855) -- (Bogutskaya 1998:78 [ref. 23589]). •Synonym of Xenocypris macrolepis Bleeker 1871 -- (Berg 1949:633 [ref. 20661], Kottelat 2001:44 [ref. 25482], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:336 [ref. 30085], Kottelat 2013:170 [ref. 32989]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Xenocypris macrolepis Bleeker 1871. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

argenteus, Leuciscus Fitzinger [L. J. F. J.] (ex Agassiz) 1832:336 [Beiträge zur Landeskunde Österreichs unter der Enns, Wien v. 1; ref. 5019] Unneeded new name for Cyprinus leuciscus Linnaeus 1758. •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

argenteus, Leuciscus Storer [D. H.] 1839:406 [90] [Boston Journal of Natural History v. 2 (nos 3-4) (art. 12); ref. 4278] Worcester County, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. On p. 90 of separate. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Leuciscus argenteus Fitzinger 1832. •Synonym of Semotilus corporalis (Mitchill 1817) -- (Smith 1986:157 [ref. 22186], Gilbert 1998:43 [ref. 23395]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Semotilus corporalis (Mitchill 1817). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

argenteus, Leuciscus Selys-Longchamps [E. de] (ex Agassiz) 1842:205 [Faune belge. Première partie; ref. 18717] Belgium. Syntypes: MNHN 0256 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:62 [ref. 19574], Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Leuciscus argenteus Fitzinger 1832 and Storer 1839. 1°Homonym. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

argenteus, Leuciscus Basilewsky [S.] 1855:232 [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] Beijing [Pekin], China. No types at ZIN. Apparently objectively invalid; preoccupied by Leuciscus argenteus Fitzinger 1832 and Storer 1839. Replaced by Xenocypris guentheri Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874. •Wrongly treated as valid as Xenocypris argentea (Basilewsky 1855) -- (Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:28 [ref. 22798], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:742 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:78 [ref. 23589], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Zhao et al. 2009:32 [ref. 30545]). •Synonym of Xenocypris macrolepis Bleeker 1871 -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2008:336 [ref. 30085], Kottelat 2013:170 [ref. 32989] with question). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Xenocypris macrolepis Bleeker 1871. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

argyrotaenia, Leuciscus Bleeker [P.] 1849:21 [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 23 (no. 12); ref. 16883] Banjumas, Gombong, Purworedjo, Surabaya, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: BMNH 1866.5.2.152 (1), ?NMV 46548-53 (6); RMNH 7036 (some). •Valid as Rasbora argyrotaenia (Bleeker 1849) -- (Brittan 1954:107 [ref. 646], Roberts 1989:67 [ref. 6439], Kottelat et al. 1993:44 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Lim 1996:233 [ref. 23210], Doi 1997:12 [ref. 22832], Siebert & Richardson 1997:92 [ref. 22887], Martin-Smith & Tan 1998:583 [ref. 23647], Parenti & Lim 2005:184 [ref. 28285], Tan 2009:508 [ref. 30389], Liao et al. 2010:166 [ref. 30521], Kottelat 2012:81 [ref. 31848], Kottelat 2013:151 [ref. 32989], Sulaiman et al. 2018:29 [ref. 35802], Hubert et al. 2019:9 [ref. 36547], Sholihah et al. 2020:3 [ref. 37317], Hasan et al. 2022:6035 [ref. 39888], Jamandre 2023:165 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Rasbora argyrotaenia (Bleeker 1849). Danionidae: Rasborinae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Malay Peninsula (Malaysia), Java and Sumatra (Indonesia), Borneo and Philippines. Habitat: freshwater.

arrigonis, Leuciscus Steindachner [F.] 1866:67 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe v. 3; ref. 21715] Lake Uña and Júcar River near Cuenca, Spain. Syntypes: (several) NMW 52161-232 (316 spec., 71 lots), 53409 (5). Species first described in the above abstract, later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1866:16 [p. 11 of separate], Pl. 4 [ref. 18776]. Also in Steindachner 1866:8, 9 [ref. 18757]. •Synonym of Chondrostoma toxostoma (Vallot 1837), but a valid subspecies -- (Elvira 1987:131 [ref. 6743], Lelek 1987:181 [ref. 22962], Elvira 1991:149 [ref. 20036]). •Valid as Chondrostoma arrigonis (Steindachner 1866) -- (Kottelat 1997:54 [ref. 22952], Doadrio & Carmona 2003:30 [ref. 28132], Coelho et al. 2005:202 [ref. 28430], Gante et al. 2010:968 [ref. 35176], Çiftci et al. 2020:214 [ref. 37725]). •Valid as Parachondrostoma arrigonis (Steindachner 1866) -- (Robalo et al. 2007:371 [ref. 28878], Doadrio & Elvira 2007:296 [ref. 29510], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:211 [ref. 29996], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802]). Current status: Valid as Parachondrostoma arrigonis (Steindachner 1866). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southwestern Europe: Spain. Habitat: freshwater.

aspius, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:325 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Swedish lakes. No types known. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:22 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Valid as Aspius aspius (Linnaeus 1758), as a valid subspecies -- (Mitrofanov et al. 1987:160 [ref. 37731]). •Valid as Aspius aspius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:603 [ref. 20661], Coad 1981:9 [ref. 22348], Lelek 1987:150 [ref. 22962], Coad 1995:11 [ref. 23608], Zhu 1995:31 [ref. 25213], Kottelat 1997:46 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:168 [ref. 23566], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:735 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:58 [ref. 23589], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:90 [ref. 23878], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Fricke 1999:22 [ref. 24101], Gabrielyan 2001:26 [ref. 25867], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Hanel 2003:49 [ref. 27894], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:83 [ref. 28183], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:167 [ref. 28369], Hanel & Lusk 2005:209 [ref. 28804], Fricke 2007:28 [ref. 30577], Fricke et al. 2007:32 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:177 [ref. 29996], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:166 [ref. 31251], Esmaeili et al. 2010:367 [ref. 33391], Parin et al. 2014:68 [ref. 33547], Zhang et al. 2016:52 [ref. 34477], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108] as Aspiuss aspius). •Valid as Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:874 [ref. 34062], Barbieri et al. 2015:55 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151], Esmaeili et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:30 [ref. 36089], Ćaleta et al. 2019:161 [ref. 37026], Çiçek et al. 2020:252 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:140 [ref. 37983], Kaya et al. 2020:337 [ref. 37582], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37535], Pozdeev et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39511], Çiçek et al. 2023:35 [ref. 40326], Çiçek et al. 2023:399 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[32] [ref. 40328], Nagy et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40348], Çiçek et al. 2024:234 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Europe to western Asia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

athabascae, Leuciscus nachtriebi Bajkov [A. D.] 1927:399 [23] [Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries (n. s.) v. 3 (no. 16); ref. 15776] Athabasca River and beaver dams at Old Fort Point near Jasper, Alberta, Canada. Syntypes: (8) whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:44 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Semotilus margarita (Cope 1867) -- (Scott & Crossman 1998:516 [ref. 24570]). •Synonym of Margariscus margarita (Cope 1867), subspecies nachtriebi (Cox 1896) -- (Gilbert 1998:44 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Margariscus margarita (Cope 1867). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

athurensis, Squalius cephalus var. Roule [L.] & Cardaillac de Saint-Paul [G. del P. de] 1903:732 [Comptes rendus de la ... session, Association Française pour l'Avancement des Sciences. Paris v. 31 (pt 2); ref. 18642] Adour River, southwestern France. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:66 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

auratus, Leuciscus Mauduyt [F.] 1849:32 [Bulletin Société Académique d'Agriculture, Belles-Lettres, Sciences et Arts de Poitiers 1848, v. 3, fasc. 9-12; ref. 17615] Treated as available by Kottelat 1997:51 [ref. 22952] and as a secondary homonym of Cyprinus auratus Linnaeus 1758. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

auratus, Leuciscus rutilus var. Yakovlev [V. E.] 1873:334 [Priroda (Moscow) v. 1, book 2, pt 2; ref. 19640] Volga River Delta, Russia. No types known. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

australis, Leuciscus Castelnau [F. L.] 1878:51 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 3 (pt 1); ref. 762] Norman River, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Originally as Leuciscus? australis. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

baicalensis, Squalidus Dybowski [B. N.] 1874:388, Pl. 5 (fig. 1) [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 24 (no. 3-4); ref. 1172] Rivers of the Baikal Lake system, Russia. Syntypes: ZMB 7941 (1). For remarks on systematics see Kottelat 2006:37-38 [ref. 28831]. •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Squalidus baicalensis Dybowski 1874 -- (Luo in Chen et al. 1998:69 [ref. 23878]). •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Berg 1949:546 [ref. 20661], Yang & Hwang 1964:31 [ref. 13497], Mitrofanov et al. 1987:80 [ref. 37731], Zhu 1995:31 [ref. 25213], Chereshnev 1996:600 [ref. 24659] as baikalensis, Reshetnikov et al. 1997:738 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:64 [ref. 23589], Koch & Paepke 1998:162 [ref. 23652], Mitrofanov 2000:42 [ref. 25139], Chereshnev et al. 2001:42 [ref. 26736], Sideleva 2001:50 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:8 [ref. 27815], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:85 [ref. 28183], Parin et al. 2014:83 [ref. 33547]). •Valid as Leuciscus baicalensis (Dybowski 1874) -- (Kottelat 2006:37 [ref. 28831], Ocock et al. 2006:38 [ref. 28933], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:208 [ref. 29996], Zhang et al. 2016:53 [ref. 34477], Romanov et al. 2017:821 [ref. 35687], Dyldin et al. 2023:[32] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Leuciscus baicalensis (Dybowski 1874). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: North Asia: Lake Baikal basin, Russia; ?China. Habitat: freshwater.

baldneri, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:262, Pl. 497 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Lake Geneva at Geneva, Switzerland. Syntypes: MNHN 1969 (2). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:79 [ref. 19574]. •Synonym of Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782) -- (Kottelat 1997:44 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1998:56 [ref. 23589]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

bambusa, Leuciscus Richardson [J.] 1845:141, Pl. 63 (fig. 2) [Ichthyology.--Part 3. The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur.; ref. 20575] Canton, China. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1962.2.8.1 (dry). Type information: Whitehead 1970:210 [ref. 11606]. •Valid as Elopichthys bambusa (Richardson 1845) -- (Berg 1949:845 [ref. 20661], Yang & Hwang 1964:39 [ref. 13497], Mai 1978:133 [ref. 13511], Wang 1984:41 [ref. 22951], Chen & Li in Chu & Chen 1989:45 [ref. 13584], Zheng et al. 1989:82 [ref. 21202], Song in Pan et al. 1991:87 [ref. 23876], Ding 1994:150 [ref. 21531], Zhu 1995:32 [ref. 25213], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:15 [ref. 22798], Cheng & Zhou 1997:107 [ref. 26385], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:737 [ref. 24702], Chen in Chen 1998:106 [ref. 23556], Bogutskaya 1998:61 [ref. 23589], see Rainboth 1991:236 [ref. 20078], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:111 [ref. 23878], Tang et al. 2001:12 [ref. 25373], Kottelat 2001:23 [ref. 25482], Pietsch et al. 2001:139 [ref. 25688], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Wang et al. 2001:86 [ref. 26566] dated 1844, Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:80 [ref. 28183], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:330 [ref. 30085], Kottelat 2013:101 [ref. 32989], Parin et al. 2014:76 [ref. 33547], Zhang et al. 2016:52 [ref. 34477], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:659 [ref. 34853], Zhang et al. 2019:153 [ref. 36699], Dyldin et al. 2020:105 [ref. 37569], Dyldin et al. 2021:21 [ref. 38804], Dyldin & Orlov 2021:64 [ref. 38158], Guo 2021:113 [ref. 38617], Dyldin et al. 2023:[14] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Elopichthys bambusa (Richardson 1845). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: East Asia: China and Russia. Habitat: freshwater.

bankanensis, Leuciscus Bleeker [P.] 1853:192 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 16902] Marawang, Bangka, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1866.5.2.160. Type catalog: Alfred 1963:129 [ref. 20554]. •Valid as Rasbora bankanensis (Bleeker 1853) -- (Brittan 1954:96 [ref. 646], Roberts 1989:70 [ref. 6439], Lim et al. 1990:35 [ref. 16753], Kottelat et al. 1993:45 [ref. 23448], Kottelat 1995:60 [ref. 21728], Kottelat & Lim 1996:233 [ref. 23210], Siebert & Guiry 1996:401 [ref. 22751], Doi 1997:12 [ref. 22832], Siebert 1997:35 [ref. 23918], Ng & Tan 1999:354 [ref. 24159], Kottelat 2000:50 [ref. 25040], Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:154 [ref. 28284], Parenti & Lim 2005:184 [ref. 28285], Liao et al. 2009:[12] [ref. 30521], Lumbantobing 2010:645 [ref. 31097], Liao et al. 2010:166 [ref. 30521], Lumbantobing 2014:22 [ref. 33163], Kottelat 2013:151 [ref. 32989], Ng et al. 2019:526 [ref. 36606]). Current status: Valid as Rasbora bankanensis (Bleeker 1853). Danionidae: Rasborinae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Malaya (Malaysia), Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

barbatus, Leuciscus Jerdon [T. C.] 1849:322 [Madras Journal of Literature and Science v. 15 (pt 2); ref. 4902] Rivers in Mysore and Carnatic, southern India. No types known. •Valid as Esomus barbatus (Jerdon 1849) -- (Tilak & Jain 1990:409 [ref. 20186], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:376 [ref. 20764], Indra 1993:182 [ref. 24009], Rema Devi 1993:354 [ref. 24007], Rema Devi & Ilango 1993:244 [ref. 24017], Indra 1994:411 [ref. 24015], Manimekalan 1998:438 [ref. 24989], Bleher 2018:460 [ref. 36647], Bhakat & Sinha 2020:48 [ref. 37263]). •Synonym of Esomus thermoicos (Valenciennes 1842) -- (Menon 1999:49 [ref. 24904], Sudasinghe et al. 2019:355 [ref. 37047]). Current status: Synonym of Esomus thermoicos (Valenciennes 1842). Danionidae: Esominae. Habitat: freshwater.

bearnensis, Squalius Blanchard [C. E.] 1866:400, Fig. 95 [Les poissons des eaux douces de la France; ref. 310] Lake Mariscot, near Biarritz, France. Lectotype: MNHN A-2265. Paralectotypes: MNHN B-2587 [ex MNHN A-2265] (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:63 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1120 [ref. 20712]. Lectotype selected by Almaça 1969:1120 [ref. 20712]. •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Lelek 1987:207 [ref. 22962]). •Synonym of Leuciscus burdigalensis Valenciennes 1844 -- (Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Leuciscus bearnensis (Blanchard 1866) -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:205 [ref. 29996]). Current status: Valid as Leuciscus bearnensis (Blanchard 1866). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Adour drainage, France. Habitat: freshwater.

belangeri, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:99 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Bengal, India. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-3898 (3). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:81 [ref. 19574]. •Valid as Osteobrama belangeri (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:237 [ref. 20764], Doi 1997:9 [ref. 22832], Menon 1999:63 [ref. 24904], Karmakar 2000:28 [ref. 25662], Vishwanath & Shanta Kumar 2007:2881 [ref. 29365] dated 1843, Kottelat 2013:134 [ref. 32989], Maisnam et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35689], Singh et al. 2018:362 [ref. 35172], Rahman et al. 2018:109 [ref. 36230], Bleher 2018:636 [ref. 36647], Shangningam et al. 2020:74 [ref. 37247]). Current status: Valid as Osteobrama belangeri (Valenciennes 1844). Cyprinidae: Smiliogastrinae. Distribution: Manipur, north-east India and north-west Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

berak, Squalius Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1078 [88] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Aleppo, Syria. Syntypes: NMW 48915 (6), SMF 469 [ex NMW] (3). Illustrated by Heckel 1843, Pl. 10 (fig. 1) [ref. 2067]. On p. 88 of separate [ref. 2067]. Appeared as name only and spelled Berag on p. 1041 [51]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608], Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566], Fricke et al. 2007:41 [ref. 29533]). •Valid as Squalius berak Heckel 1843 -- (Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Turan et al. 2009:60 [ref. 30540], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:108 [ref. 31360], Turan et al. 2013:322 [ref. 32584], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Khaefi et al. 2016:155 [ref. 34748], Esmaeili et al. 2016:119 [ref. 34985], Turan et al. 2017:2 [ref. 35136], Esmaeili et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:38 [ref. 36089], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:147 [ref. 37983], Turan 2022:339 [ref. 39758], Çiçek et al. 2023:22 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2023:410 [ref. 40625], Saad et al. 2023:32 [ref. 40501], Çiçek et al. 2024:255 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Squalius berak Heckel 1843. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River basin (Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

bergi, Leuciscus Kashkarov [D.] 1925:57, Pl. 4 [Transactions of the Scientific Society of Turkestan at Middle Asiatic University v. 2; ref. 16432] Issyk-kul Lake, Kyrgyzstan. Syntypes: (10) ZIN (2, not found in 1996). •Valid as Leuciscus bergi Kashkarov 1925 -- (Berg 1949:553 [ref. 20661]). Current status: Valid as Leuciscus bergi Kashkarov 1925. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Kyrgyzstan. Habitat: freshwater.

bibie, Leuciscus Joannis [L. de] 1835:no page number, Pl. 4 [Magasin de Zoologie 1835 (5 anneé); ref. 2355] Nile River at Thebes, Egypt. No types known. Originally as bibié. •Valid as Chelaethiops bibie (Joannis 1835) -- (Lévêque & Daget 1984:299 [ref. 6186], Lévêque in Lévêque et al. 1990:271 [ref. 21589], Lévèque et al. 1991:141 [ref. 31367], Seegers et al. 2003:33 [ref. 28087], Neumann et al. 2016:303 [ref. 35036]). Current status: Valid as Chelaethiops bibie (Joannis 1835). Danionidae: Chedrinae. Distribution: East Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

binotatus, Leuciscus Blyth [E.] 1858:290 [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 27 (no. 3); ref. 476] Sri Lanka. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Secondarily preoccupied by Barbus binotatus Valenciennes 1842, replaced by Barbus tetraspilus Günther 1868 (see Pethiyagoda et al. 2008:212 [ref. 29986]). •Objective synonym of Barbus tetraspilus Günther 1868 and a species inquirenda in Puntius -- (Pethiyagoda et al. 2008:201, 211 [ref. 29986]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Puntius tetraspilus (Günther 1868). Cyprinidae: Smiliogastrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

bipartita, Hypseleotris Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1927:39, Pl. 3 (fig. 1) [Monographs, Bureau of Science Manila Monogr. 23; ref. 2104] Creek at barrio Puru, Lagaspi, Albay Province, Philippines. Holotype: BSMP (presumed destroyed). Paratypes: BSMP (35) presumed destroyed. •Synonym of Hypseleotris cyprinoides (Valenciennes 1837) -- (Thacker & Unmack 2005:2 [ref. 28186]). •Questionably a synonym of Hypseletris leuciscus (Bleeker 1853) -- (Kottelat 2013:394 [ref. 32989]). •Species inquirenda -- (Keith & Mennesson 2023:32 [ref. 40181]). Nomen Dubium. Eleotridae: Eleotrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

bipunctatus, Cyprinus Bloch [M. E.] 1782:50, Pl. 8 (fig. 1) [M. Marcus Elieser Bloch's ..., ausübenden Arztes zu Berlin, Oeconomische Naturgeschichte der Fische Deutschlands v. 1; ref. 19643] Weser River near Minden, Germany. Holotype (unique): ZMB 3357. Type catalog: Paepke 1999:71 [ref. 24282]. On p. 43 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 1 [ref. 21381]. •Valid as Leuciscus bipunctatus (Bloch 1782) -- (Herrera 1896:20 [ref. 39336] with authors as Cuvier & Valenciennes). •Valid as Alburnus bipunctatus (Bloch 1782) -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178]). •Valid as Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782) -- (Berg 1949:756 [ref. 20661], Coad 1981:8 [ref. 22348], Lelek 1987:147 [ref. 22962], Coad 1991:13 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:10 [ref. 23608], Coad 1996:71 [ref. 25297] as cf. bipunctatus, Kottelat 1997:44 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:163 [ref. 23566], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:734 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:56 [ref. 23589], Briolay et al. 1998:101 [ref. 25586], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Bogutskaya et al. 2000:62 [ref. 24445], Coad & Abdoli 2000:56 [ref. 25296], Gabrielyan 2001:26 [ref. 25867], Ruchin et al. 2003:423 [ref. 26977], Hanel 2003:51 [ref. 27894], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:77 [ref. 28183], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:166 [ref. 28369], Hanel & Lusk 2005:238 [ref. 28804], Fricke et al. 2007:29 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:159 [ref. 29996], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:166 [ref. 31251], Coad & Bogutskaya 2009:67 [ref. 30264], Bogutskaya & Coad 2009:169 [ref. 30270], Bogutskaya et al. 2010:449 [ref. 31109], Coad 2010:93 [ref. 36620], Esmaeili et al. 2010:367 [ref. 33391], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Coad & Bogutskaya 2012:43 [ref. 32156], Turan et al. 2014:101 [ref. 33119], Parin et al. 2014:66 [ref. 33547], Barbieri et al. 2015:42 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:145 [ref. 35151], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2016:176 [ref. 34375], Bektaş et al. 2019:[9] [ref. 36964], Ćaleta et al. 2019:156 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Çiçek et al. 2023:53 [ref. 40326], Dyldin et al. 2023:[27] [ref. 40328] with question, Nagy et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40348]). Current status: Valid as Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Europe and western Asia. Introduced in Italy. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

boliviae, Curimatus leuciscus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Ogle [F.] 1907:4 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1556); ref. 1266] Apparently Río Mamoré, Bolivia. Holotype (unique): USNM 44832. Type catalog and locality information: Vari & Howe 1991:19 [ref. 19022] as bolivae. •Synonym of Steindachnerina leuciscus (Günther 1868) -- (Vari 1991:32 [ref. 19019] as bolivae and leucisca, Vari in Reis et al. 2003:61 [ref. 27061] as leucisca). Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina leuciscus (Günther 1868). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

bolmensis, Leuciscus rutilus forma Malm [A. W.] 1877:560 [ ref. 2881] Lake Bolmen, Småland, Sweden. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

borysthenicus, Squalius Kessler [K. F.] 1859:545 [Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou v. 32 (pt 1); ref. 18392] An arm of the Dnieper River at Aleschki, Ukraine. Syntypes: none found at ZIN. Also appeared as new in Kessler 1860:211, Pl. 1 (fig. 3) [ref. 18393]. •Valid as Leuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler 1859) -- (Berg 1949:560 [ref. 20661], Bogutskaya 1996:26 [ref. 22945], Bianco et al. 1996:51 [ref. 26724], Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:738 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:63 [ref. 23589], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:169 [ref. 28369]). •Valid as Squalius borysthenicus Kessler 1859 -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:23 [ref. 28742], Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Parin et al. 2014:95 [ref. 33547], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151]). •Valid as Petroleuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler 1859) -- (Bogutskaya 2002:236 [ref. 26837], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:86 [ref. 28183], Freyhof et al. 2006:418 [ref. 28484], Fricke et al. 2007:43 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:220 [ref. 29996], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:167 [ref. 31251], Coad & Bogutskaya 2010:37 [ref. 30930], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Barbieri et al. 2015:59 [ref. 35029], Khaefi et al. 2016:158 [ref. 34748], Mohammadian-Kalat et al. 2017:487 [ref. 35603], Saygun et al. 2017:188 [ref. 38891], Turan et al. 2018:[10] [ref. 35758], Freyhof et al. 2018:131 [ref. 35889], Özuluğ & Saç 2019:30 [ref. 36599], Çiçek et al. 2020:252 [ref. 37644], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37535], Çiçek et al. 2023:400 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[33] [ref. 40328], Kaya et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40658], Çiçek et al. 2024:236 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Petroleuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler 1859). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: Black Sea, Sea of Azov and Sea of Marmara watersheds. Habitat: freshwater.

boscii, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:313, Pl. 504 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Lake Ponchartraine, Louisiana; Pennsylvania; Charleston, South Carolina; Philadelphia; and New York, U.S.A. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-3900 (4) Pennsylvania, 0000-3906 (2) Philadelphia, 0000-3907 (2) Charleston, 0000-3949 (3) Philadelphia. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:77 [ref. 19574], Gilbert 1998:51 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814) -- (Gilbert 1998:51 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:435 [ref. 24570] as bosci). Current status: Synonym of Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

boucardi, Leuciscus Günther [A.] 1868:485 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Cuernavaca, Mexico. Syntypes: BMNH 1868.3.3.4-7 (4). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:31 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:51 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Hybopsis boucardi (Günther 1868) -- (Markle et al. 1991:277 [ref. 21027], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:16 [ref. 22290], Schönhuth et al. 2001:360 [ref. 25185], Grose & Wiley 2002:1092 [ref. 26513], Miller 2006:128 [ref. 28615]). •Valid as Notropis boucardi (Günther 1868) -- (Gilbert 1978:31 [ref. 7042], Chernoff & Miller 1986:181 [ref. 6782], Gilbert 1998:51 [ref. 23395], Schönhuth & Doadrio 2003:333 [ref. 27194], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:28 [ref. 28940], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708]). •Valid as Graodus boucardi (Günther 1868) -- (Stout et al. 2022:15 [ref. 39738], Page et al. 2023:70 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Graodus boucardi (Günther 1868). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Southern North America: Pacific Slope (Mexico). Habitat: freshwater.

bramula, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:357 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] China. No types known. Based on a Chinese painting. •Possibly the same as Megalobrama terminalis (Richardson 1846) or Parabramis pekinensis (Basilewsky 1855) -- (Berg 1949:801, 802 [ref. 20661]). •Maybe same as Parabramis pekinensis (Basilewsky 1855) -- (Yih & Wu 1964:115 [ref. 13499]). •Status uncertain -- (Bănărescu 1970:139 [ref. 20609]). •Synonym of Parabramis pekinensis (Basilewsky 1855) -- (Chen in Chu & Chen 1989:86 [ref. 13584], Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:198 [ref. 23878] with question, Bogutskaya et al. 2008:320 [ref. 30085] with question, Kottelat 2013:179 [ref. 32989] with question, Zhang et al. 2016:62 [ref. 34477] with question). Current status: Synonym of Parabramis pekinensis (Basilewsky 1855). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

branchiatus, Leuciscus McClelland [J.] 1839:293, 409, Pl. 42 (fig. 5) [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Assam and northern parts of Bengal. Syntypes: SMF 3519 (1). •Synonym of Barilius bendelisis (Hamilton 1807) -- (Menon 1999:15 [ref. 24904] as brachiatus). Current status: Synonym of Opsarius bendelisis (Hamilton 1807). Danionidae: Chedrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

brandtii, Telestes Dybowski [B. N.] 1872:215 [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 22; ref. 1170] Lake Khanka and Ussuri River, southeastern Russia [? Valdivostok]. Syntypes: ZMB 7950 [from Dybowski] (1) Khanka. •Valid as Leuciscus brandtii (Dybowski 1872) -- (Berg 1949:569 [ref. 20661], Yang & Hwang 1964:29 [ref. 13497], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:266 [ref. 25598], Zhu 1995:31 [ref. 25213]). •Valid as Tribolodon brandtii [sometimes as brandti] (Dybowski 1872) -- (Howes 1985:71 [ref. 5274], Kim 1997:254 [ref. 24032], Nikiforov et al. 1997:330 [ref. 24694], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:742 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:72 [ref. 23589], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:74 [ref. 23878], Sokolovskaya et al. 1998:8 [ref. 24670], Nakabo 2000:265 [ref. 25086], Doi & Shinzawa 2000:241 [ref. 25251], Matsuura et al. 2000:136 [ref. 26000], Pietsch et al. 2001:140 [ref. 25688], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Kim & Park 2002:163 [ref. 25913], Nakabo 2002:265 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:158, 517 [ref. 26218] as brandti, Kolpakov & Kolpakov 2002:840 [ref. 26577] as brandti, Sakai et al. 2002:1291 [ref. 26628], Alekseyev et al. 2004:53 [ref. 27625], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:97 [ref. 28183], Sakai & Amano 2014:219 [ref. 33610], Zhang et al. 2016:56 [ref. 34477], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:666 [ref. 34853]). •Valid as Pseudaspius brandtii (Dybowski 1872) -- (Dyldin et al. 2020:81 [ref. 37569], Dyldin et al. 2021:23 [ref. 38804], Dyldin & Orlov 2021:66 [ref. 38158], Zolotava & Kartavtsev 2023:323 [369] [ref. 40485], Dyldin et al. 2023:[25] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Pseudaspius brandtii (Dybowski 1872). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Distribution: East Asia: Northwestern Pacific drainages, costal rivers and lakes. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

brevirostris, Leuciscus Mori [T.] 1927:31 [2] [Journal of the Chosen Natural History Society No. 5; ref. 16382] Hun River, tributary of Liao River, southern Manchuria, China. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. On p. 2 of separate. •Synonym of Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Luo in Chen et al. 1998:65 [ref. 23878], Kottelat 2006:39 [ref. 28831], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:661 [ref. 34853]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

brusinai, Leuciscus Katuric [M.] 1894:126, 129 [Prosvieta List za Tsrkvu, Shkolu i Pouku v. 1 (pt. 3, no. 2); ref. 22004] Original not seen. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

brutius, Leuciscus Costa [O. G.] 1838:Cyprinoides p. 22, Pl. 18 [Fauna del regno di Napoli Part 1; ref. 976] Crati River near Cosenza, Italy. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-0198. Paralectotypes: MNHN B-2590 [ex MNHN 0000-0198] (1), MZUF 5673 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:61 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1126 [ref. 20712], Vanni 1991:221 [ref. 20099]. Lectotype selected by Almaça 1969:1126 [ref. 20712]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •? Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

bubalinus, Leuciscus Baird [S. F.] & Girard [C. F.] 1853:391 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 6; ref. 165] Otter Creek, Arkansas [= tributary to North Fork of Red River, either Kiowa or Tillman County, southwestern Oklahoma], U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 125 (lost, 1 pair pharyngeal arches as #2798). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:32 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:52 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Gilbert 1978:32 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Mayden 1989:49 [ref. 12555], Gilbert 1998:52 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

burdigalensis, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:218 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Gironde estuary, France. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-3104. Paralectotypes: MNHN B-2585 [ex MNHN 0000-3104] (5). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:62-63 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1120 [ref. 20712]. Lectotype selected by Almaça 1969:1120 [ref. 20712]. •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Lelek 1987:207 [ref. 22962] as hurdigalensis). •Valid as Leuciscus burdigalensis Valenciennes 1844 -- (Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:205 [ref. 29996]). Current status: Valid as Leuciscus burdigalensis Valenciennes 1844. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: France. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

burtonius, Leuciscus Lesueur [C. A.] in Vaillant 1896:28 [14], Pl. 25 (unedited) [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (8th Série) v. 8 (no. 1); ref. 13482] Burton Mine [Bertin mines], Missouri, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:53-54 [ref. 23395] with locality comments. On p. 14 of separate. Misspelled burtonianus by Jordan et al. 1930:121 [ref. 6476]. •Synonym of Rhinichthys atratulus (Hermann 1804), subspecies meleagris Agassiz 1854 with question -- (Gilbert 1998:53-54 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Rhinichthys atratulus (Hermann 1804). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

cabeda, Leuciscus Risso [A.] 1827:438 [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Lectotype: MNHN B-0846. Type catalog: Bertin 1945:375 [ref. 21554], Bertin & Estève 1948:61 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1124 [ref. 20712]. Lectotype selected by Almaça 1969:1124 [ref. 20712]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Squalius cabeda, subspecies cabeda (Risso 1827) -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:22 [ref. 28742], Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975]). •Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:275 [ref. 29996]). Current status: Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

caeruleus, Leuciscus Yarrell [W.] 1837:8, Pl. 2 (fig. 2) [The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London v. 17 (art. 2); ref. 17749] Knowsley Park, England. No types known. •Synonym of Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:83 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

caldwelli, Mugil Fowler [H. W.] 1900:524, Pl. 19 (fig. 4) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 52; ref. 14727] Samoa. Holotype (unique): ANSP 9841. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:128 [ref. 13621]. •Questionably a synonym of Chaenomugil leuciscus (Günther 1872) -- (Thomson 1997:477 [ref. 23428]). •Questionably a synonym of Neomyxus leuciscus (Günther 1872). Current status: Uncertain as Neomyxus leuciscus (Günther 1872). Mugilidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

callensis, Leuciscus Guichenot [A.] 1850:94, Pl. 7 (fig. 2) [Histoire naturelle des reptiles et poissons; ref. 1940] La Calle, Algeria. Lectotype: MNHN 1927. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1909.12.9.8 [from Guichenot] (1); MNHN B-2814 (11), MNHN 0000-3136 and B-2815 (5). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:59 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1977 [ref. 20629]. Lectotype selected by Almaça 1977:27 [ref. 20629]. •Valid as Pseudophoxinus callensis (Guichenot 1850) -- (Lévêque & Daget 1984:331 [ref. 6186], Poll & Gosse 1995:169 [ref. 24781], Bogutskaya et al. 2006:335 [ref. 29055], Bogutskaya et al. 2006:335 [ref. 29055]). •Valid as Tropidophoxinellus callensis (Guichenot 1850) -- (Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Freyhof et al. 2020:5 [ref. 37614], Baikeche et al. 2021:959 [ref. 39080]). Current status: Valid as Tropidophoxinellus callensis (Guichenot 1850). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: North Africa: Algeria and Tunisia. Habitat: freshwater.

canadensis, Leuciscus Fortin [P.] 1867:70 [Annual report of Pierre Fortin ... , Ottawa 25 (pt 2) (no. 25) (for 1865); ref. 18093] St. Lawrence River, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Holotype: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Semotilus corporalis (Mitchill 1817) -- (Scott & Crossman 1998:514 [ref. 24570]). Current status: Synonym of Semotilus corporalis (Mitchill 1817). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

capito, Cyprinus Scopoli [J. A.] 1786:73 [Deliciae florae et faunae Insubricae; ref. 18712] Lakes of Insubria, northern Italy. No types known. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Cyprinus capito Güldenstädt 1772. •Questionably a synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952]). •Questionably a synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •? Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

carletoni, Leuciscus Kendall [W. C.] 1903:357 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 [1902]; ref. 12340] Bill Fish Brook, a tributary of East Branch of Penobscot River, about 1 mile below Matagamon Lake, Penobscot County, Maine, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 50832. Paratypes and additional material: CAS 58627 [ex IU 10892] (11); FMNH 4829 (9); CAS-SU 9834 (9); UMMZ 86846 (3); USNM 50833 (65), 59116 (66), 126826 [ex USBF 1019] (20). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:33 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:52 [ref. 12367], Gilbert 1998:56 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Semotilus margarita (Cope 1867) -- (Scott & Crossman 1998:519 [ref. 24570]). •Synonym of Margariscus margarita (Cope 1867), subspecies nachtriebi (Cox 1896) -- (Gilbert 1998:56 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Margariscus margarita (Cope 1867). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

carolitertii, Leuciscus Doadrio [I.] 1988:302, Figs. 1, 2.9, 3.9, 4.7 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 68 (nos 4/6); ref. 16235] Cega River, Rebollo, Segovia, Spain, elevation 900 meters. Holotype: MNCN 82050157. Paratypes: MNCN 81081401-34 (34), SMF 21214-15 (2). •Valid as Leuciscus carolitertii Doadrio 1988 -- (Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952], Briolay et al. 1998:101 [ref. 25586], Coelho et al. 1998:945 [ref. 24127]). •Valid as Squalius carolitertii (Doadrio 1988) -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:21 [ref. 28742], Alves et al. 2002:649 [ref. 28744], Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Doadrio et al. 2007:96 [ref. 29250], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:263 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:107 [ref. 31360], Perea et al. 2020:[7] [ref. 37489]). Current status: Valid as Squalius carolitertii (Doadrio 1988). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southwestern Europe: Douro and Mondego River basins, Portugal and Spain. Habitat: freshwater.

caspicus, Leuciscus rutilus var. Yakovlev [V. E.] 1870:103 [3], Fig. 2 [On the new and little-known species of fish found in the mouths of the Volga; ref. 19610] Volga River Delta, Russia. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. On p. 3 of separate. Also described in Yakovlev 1873:334 [ref. 19640]. Author also seen as Jakovlev. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Coad 1995:20 [ref. 23608], Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Kazanskii 1928:8 [ref. 14268], Berg 1949:513 [ref. 20661], Mitrofanov et al. 1987:50 [ref. 37731], Bogutskaya 1997:179 [ref. 23566], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:741 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:70 [ref. 23589], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:87 [ref. 28183], Bogutskaya & Iliadou 2006:294 [ref. 28494], Fricke et al. 2007:46 [ref. 29533]). •Synonym of Rutilus lacustris (Pallas 1814) -- (Levin et al. 2017:44 [ref. 35061], Esmaeili et al. 2018:36 [ref. 36089], Dyldin et al. 2020:87 [ref. 37569], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:144 [ref. 37983]). •Valid as Rutilus caspicus (Yakovlev 1870) -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:239 [ref. 29996], Esmaeili et al. 2010:371 [ref. 33391], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:879 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35254], Dyldin et al. 2020:81 [ref. 37569]). Current status: Valid as Rutilus caspicus (Yakovlev 1870). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: Caspian Sea drainages. Habitat: freshwater.

caspius, Leuciscus frisii Lönnberg [E.] 1900:16 [Bihang till Kongl. Svenska vetenskaps-akademiens handlingar. Stockholm v. 26, afd. 4 (no. 8); ref. 17561] Volga River delta, Russia. Holotype (unique): NRM. Described as a "race or subspecies." •Questionably in the synonymy of Rutilus frisii (Nordmann 1840) -- (Kottelat 1997:78 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Rutilus frisii (Nordmann 1840), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Bogutskaya 1997:178 [ref. 23566]). •Synonym of Rutilus frisii (Nordmann 1840) -- (Bogutskaya 1998:69 [ref. 23589], Fricke et al. 2007:46 [ref. 29533], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:143 [ref. 37983]) Current status: Synonym of Rutilus frisii (Nordmann 1840). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

caurinus, Cyprinus (Leuciscus) Richardson [J.] 1836:304 [Fauna Boreali-Americana Part 3; ref. 3731] Columbia River, Fort Vancouver, southern Washington, U.S.A. Syntypes: (4) BMNH 1855.9.19.827-828 (2). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:57 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Mylocheilus caurinus (Richardson 1836) -- (Lee et al. 1980:208 [ref. 22416], McAllister 1990:60 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:70 [ref. 18983], Gilbert 1998:57 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:424 [ref. 24570], Wydoski & Whitney 2003:128 [ref. 27816], Nelson et al. 2004:73 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:27 [ref. 37547], Scharpf 2005:25 [ref. 28940], McPhail 2007:86 [ref. 31199], Page & Burr 2011:162 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:73 [ref. 32708], Love et al. 2021:45 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:73 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Mylocheilus caurinus (Richardson 1836). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: northwestern U.S.A. and Canada. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

cavedanus, Leuciscus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1838:fasc. 22, punt. 104, Pl. 113 (fig. 3) [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 4894] Piccolo Reno stream, Bologna, Italy. Syntypes and/or Bonaparte specimens: ANSP 6313-18 (6), ?MNHN 0000-2623 (1) Rome. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:62 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1124 [ref. 20712], Böhlke 1984:72 [ref. 13621]. See Kottelat 1997:67 [ref. 22952] for note on types. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •? Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

caverii, Leuciscus Jerdon [T. C.] 1849:320 [Madras Journal of Literature and Science v. 15 (pt 2); ref. 4902] Kaveri River at Srirangapattana, India [original locality: Cavery River, Karnataka, southern India]. No types known. Neotype selected by Silva et al. 2010:46 [ref. 30779] and is the same neotype for Leuciscus flavus, Leuciscu caveri and Leuciscus xanthogramme; they also established relative precedence as first revisers. •Valid as Rasbora caverii (Jerdon 1849) -- (Brittan 1954:144 [ref. 646], Pethiyagoda 1991:125 [ref. 20075], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:388 [ref. 20764], Indra 1991:236 [ref. 24005], Rema Devi 1993:354 [ref. 24007], Rema Devi 1993:196 [ref. 24010], Indra 1994:412 [ref. 24015], Rema Devi & Raghunathan 1999:167 [ref. 24760], Rema Devi et al. 1999:154 [ref. 24758], Menon 1999:52 [ref. 24904], Vishwanath & Laisram 2005:429 [ref. 28249], Jadhav & Yadav 2009:243 [ref. 30303], Liao et al. 2009:[4] [ref. 30521], Liao et al. 2010:166 [ref. 30521], Plamoottil 2016:24 [ref. 34948], Bleher 2018:744 [ref. 36647]). •Synonym of Rasbora dandia (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Silva et al. 2010:29 [ref. 30779]). Current status: Valid as Rasbora caverii (Jerdon 1849). Danionidae: Rasborinae. Distribution: South Asia: southern India and Sri Lanka. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

cephaloides, Leuciscus Battalgil [F.] 1942:298, Fig. 8 [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles v. 7 (no. 4); ref. 13190] Armutlu, near Mudanya, northwestern Turkey. Syntypes: IUSHM 2009-982 (6). Type catalog: Özuluğ & Saç 2018:47 [ref. 35782]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bogutskaya 1997:173 [ref. 23566]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •Valid as Squalius cephaloides (Battalgil 1942) -- (Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:127 [ref. 31360], Turan et al. 2013:322 [ref. 32584], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644]). •Synonym of Squalius cii (Richardson 1857) -- (Bayçelebi et al. 2022:279 [ref. 39463], Çiçek et al. 2024:257 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cii (Richardson 1857). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Marmara Sea tributary, Bursa Province (Turkey) [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

cephalopsis, Squalius Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1080 [90] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Aleppo, Syria. Syntypes: NMW 49438 (3), 49440 (2). On p. 90 of separate [ref. 2067]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608], Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566], Fricke et al. 2007:41 [ref. 29533]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

cephalotaenia, Leuciscus Bleeker [P.] 1852:97 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 16831] Tjirutjup River, Biliton [Belitung Barat], Indonesia. Lectotype: BMNH 1866.5.2.151. Paralectotypes: (7) ?NMV A934 (1), RMNH 4982 (5). Lectotype selected by Alfred 1963:130 [ref. 20554]. •Valid as Rasbora cephalotaenia (Bleeker 1852) -- (Brittan 1954:153 [ref. 646], Roberts 1989:72 [ref. 6439], Lim et al. 1990:35 [ref. 16753], Ye & Song in Pan et al. 1991:69 [ref. 23876], Kottelat et al. 1993:45 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Lim 1996:233 [ref. 23210], Doi 1997:12 [ref. 22832], Ng & Tan 1999:354 [ref. 24159], Kottelat 2001:38 [ref. 25482], Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:154 [ref. 28284], Tan 2009:508 [ref. 30389], Liao et al. 2009:[10] [ref. 30521], Liao et al. 2010:166 [ref. 30521], Kottelat & Tan 2012:321 [ref. 31753], Kottelat 2013:151 [ref. 32989], Sulaiman et al. 2018:29 [ref. 35802], Ng et al. 2019:526 [ref. 36606], Sholihah et al. 2020:3 [ref. 37317], Tan & Kottelat 2020:756 [ref. 37794]). Current status: Valid as Rasbora cephalotaenia (Bleeker 1852). Danionidae: Rasborinae. Distribution: Malay Peninsula and southern Borneo, Sumatra, Bangka and Belitung (Indonesia). Habitat: freshwater.

cephalus, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:322 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Northern Europe. Syntypes: NRM 51 (1), ZMUU Linn. coll. 213 (1). Type catalog: Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:212-213 [ref. 20707], Wheeler 1991:163 [ref. 20102]. Kottelat 1997:66 [ref. 22952] "restricted" the name to the species described by Artedi, but the Code does not provide for such restriction in that manner. •Valid as Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:555 [ref. 20661], Bianco & Knezevic 1987:53 [ref. 21912], Mitrofanov et al. 1987:102 [ref. 37731], Bianco 1988:4 [ref. 22381], Bianco 1988:151 [ref. 22383], Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Bogutskaya 1994:617 [ref. 23569], Coad 1995:18 [ref. 23608], Chereshnev 1996:600 [ref. 24659], Coad 1996:71 [ref. 25297], Bianco et al. 1996:50 [ref. 26724], Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:738 [ref. 24702], Bianco 1997:616 [ref. 26725], Bogutskaya 1998:63 [ref. 23589], Ketmaier et al. 1998:47 [ref. 23809], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Briolay et al. 1998:101 [ref. 25586], Gabrielyan 2001:27 [ref. 25867], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:194 [ref. 26728], Hanel 2003:48 [ref. 27894], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:169 [ref. 28369], Hanel & Lusk 2005:195 [ref. 28804], Fricke 2007:28 [ref. 30577], Fricke et al. 2007:41 [ref. 29533]). •Valid as Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:212 [ref. 28742], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:89 [ref. 28183], Kottelat & Economidis 2006:181 [ref. 28769], Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Doadrio et al. 2007:252 [ref. 29342], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:264 [ref. 29996], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:167 [ref. 31251], Turan et al. 2009:60 [ref. 30540], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Coad 2010:193 [ref. 36620], Esmaeili et al. 2010:371 [ref. 33391], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Zupančič et al. 2010:155 [ref. 31002], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:107 [ref. 31360], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:880 [ref. 34062], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Al-Moussawi & Afrasiab 2019:37 [ref. 37204], Ćaleta et al. 2019:166 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108], Özuluğ & Saç 2019:31 [ref. 36599], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Bayhan 2021:247 [ref. 40683], Pozdeev et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39511], Çiçek et al. 2023:411 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[35] [ref. 40328] with question, Nagy et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40348], Çiçek et al. 2024:257 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Europe and Middle East. Introduced in Italy. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

chaignoni, Leuciscus (Phoxinellus) Vaillant [L. L.] 1904:188 [3] [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 10 (no. 4); ref. 15216] Oued Bezirk, northwestern Tunisia. Holotype: MNHN 1904-0040. Paratypes: BMNH 1904.6.28.4-6 (3); MNHN B-2816 (2), 1904-0041 through 0047 (3, 5, 5, 5, 5, 1, 1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:59 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1977 [ref. 20629]. On p. 3 of separate. •Synonym of Pseudophoxinus callensis (Guichenot 1850) -- (Lévêque & Daget 1984:331 [ref. 6186]). •Valid as Pseudophoxinus chaigoni (Vaillant 1904) -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2006:335 [ref. 29055]). •Valid as Tropidophoxinellus chaignoni (Vaillant 1904) -- (Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802]). Current status: Valid as Tropidophoxinellus chaignoni (Vaillant 1904). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Tunesia. Habitat: freshwater.

chalybeius, Squalius Heckel [J. J.] 1852:111, Pl. 12 (figs. 1-4) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 9; ref. 18260] Kamp River near Zwetl monastery, Austria. Syntypes: NMW 49353-54 (1, 1), 49382 (1), 49391 (1). •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

chaptalii, Mugil Eydoux [J. F. T.] & Souleyet [F. A.] 1850:171, Pl. 4 (fig. 1) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 4501] Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-8100. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:685-686 [ref. 21541]. •Synonym of Neomyxus leuciscus (Günther 1872) -- (Randall 2005:77 [ref. 28239], Randall 2007:136 [ref. 30952]). •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Thomson 1997:484 [ref. 23428], Harrison & Senou 1999:2096 [ref. 24780], Mundy 2005:278 [ref. 28379], Kottelat 2013:281 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

chevanella, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:358 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] China. No types known. Based on a painting, see Roberts 1997:192 [ref. 23550]. Roberts gave precedence to L. molitorella, •Synonym of Cirrhinus molitorella (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Roberts 1997:192 [ref. 23550], Kottelat 2013:88 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Cirrhinus molitorella (Valenciennes 1844). Cyprinidae: Labeoninae. Habitat: freshwater.

chitul, Leuciscus Sykes [W. H.] 1839:161 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1838 (pt 6) (for 27 Nov. 1838); ref. 18720] Inderance River near Chakun, Deccan, India. No types known. Appeared first as above, then in Sykes 1839:58 [ref. 4306]; more complete treatment in Sykes 1841:363 [ref. 18868]. •Questionably a synonym of Amblypharyngodon mola (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 2013:73 [ref. 32989], Sudasinghe et al. 2019:44 [ref. 36481]). Current status: Synonym of Amblypharyngodon mola (Hamilton 1822). Danionidae: Rasborinae. Habitat: freshwater.

chrysops, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:308 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Bengal. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-3901. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:70 [ref. 19574]. Cyprinidae. Habitat: freshwater.

chrysopterus, Leuciscus DeKay [J. E.] 1842:211, Pl. 30 (fig. 95) [Zoology of New-York; ref. 1098] Harbor of New York, New York, U.S.A. Syntypes: New York State coll. (whereabouts unknown). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:60 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Semotilus corporalis (Mitchill 1817) -- (Smith 1986:157 [ref. 22186]). •Synonym of Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814) -- (Gilbert 1998:60 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

chuanchicus, Squalius Kessler [K. F.] 1876:23 [v. 2 (pt 4); ref. 2595] Huang He River, China. Holotype (unique): ZIN 2483. •Synonym of Genghis mongolicus (Kessler 1876) -- (Howes 1984:290 [ref. 5312]). •Valid as Leuciscus chuanchicus (Kessler 1876) -- (Wu & Wu 1992:270 [ref. 21205], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:68 [ref. 23878], Kottelat 2006:87 [ref. 28831], Zhang et al. 2016:53 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Valid as Leuciscus chuanchicus (Kessler 1876). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

cii, Leuciscus Richardson [J.] 1857:375 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1856 (pt 24) (art. 2); ref. 18632] Gemlek [Gemelik] River, north of Bursa, northwestern Turkey. Lectotype: BMNH 1865.5.2.8-9 (99.5 mm SL specimen). Paralectotypes: BMNH 1856.5.2.8-9 (1 of 2). •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566]). •Valid as Squalius cii (Richardson 1857) -- (Stoumboudi et al. 2006:133 [ref. 28767], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:265 [ref. 29996] as cf. cii, Turan et al. 2009:61 [ref. 30540], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:130 [ref. 31360], Turan et al. 2013:322 [ref. 32584], Barbieri et al. 2015:67 [ref. 35029] as cf. cii dated 1856, Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Bayçelebi et al. 2022:279 [ref. 39463], Çiçek et al. 2023:411 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:257 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Squalius cii (Richardson 1857). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: southern Marmara Sea basin and (Kara) Menderes River (northwestern Anatolia, Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

clathratus, Squalius Blanchard [C. E.] 1866:398, Fig. 94 [Les poissons des eaux douces de la France; ref. 310] Lot River in Cahors, France. Lectotype: MNHN A-2260. Paralectotypes: MNHN B-2589 [ex MNHN A-2260] (1), A-2261 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:63 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1125 [ref. 20712]. Lectotype selected by Almaça 1969:1125 [ref. 20712]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

comes, Leuciscus Costa [O. G.] 1838:Cyprinoides p. 26, Pl. 18, bis [Fauna del regno di Napoli Part 1; ref. 976] Italy. No types known. •Synonym of Leuciscus muticellus Bonaparte 1837 -- (Kottelat 1997:69 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Telestes comes (Costa 1838) -- (Bianco & Delmastro 2011:4 [ref. 31648], Bianco 2013:8 [ref. 32897]). Current status: Valid as Telestes comes (Costa 1838). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Apulia and Campania, Italy. Habitat: freshwater.

communis, Leuciscus (Tinca) Swainson [W.] 1839:285 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Based on Bl. pl. 14 -- which is Bloch 1782:Pl. 14 [ref. 19643]. •Synonym of Tinca tinca (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:84 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Tinca tinca (Linnaeus 1758). Tincidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

communis, Leuciscus rutilus var. Yakovlev [V. E.] 1873:334 [Priroda (Moscow) v. 1, book 2, pt 2; ref. 19640] Volga River Delta, Russia. No types known. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

communis, Leuciscus rutilus var. Rossikov [K. M.] 1895:No. 53 [Kavkazskoe Sel'skoe Khozyajstvo 54-56; ref. 23013] Terek River, Mosdok. No types known. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]) Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

copii, Leuciscus Günther [A.] 1868:255 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] St. Josephs River and its tributary Dawagiac River, Michigan, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 2577 (1) Flint R., BMNH 1868.1.10.24 (3) Walker Creek, MCZ 4688 (2) St. Josephs River and Dowagiac Creek, MNHN 0000-4688 (1) Dowagiac Creek. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:38-39 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:73 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:65 [ref. 23395]. Replacement name for Alburnellus jaculus Cope 1867, preoccupied by Cyprinus jaculus Jurine 1825 when both are in Alburnellus. •Synonym of Notropis rubellus (Agassiz 1850) -- (Gilbert 1978:39 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:65 [ref. 23395], Wood et al. 2002:39 [ref. 26600]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Notropis rubellus (Agassiz 1850). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

cordilla, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] (ex Savi) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:291 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Italy. No types known. •Questionably a synonym of Alburnus albidus (Costa 1838) -- (Kottelat 1997:45 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Uncertain as Alburnus albidus (Costa 1838). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

coreensis, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:355 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] No locality (Korea ?). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

costatus, Leuciscus Fowler [H. W.] 1899:180 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 51; ref. 17572] Tan lan Ho River, tributary of Shu lan Ho, about 30 miles northeast of Lama-miau or Dolon-nor, Pechili Province, China. Syntypes: ANSP 16383-85 (3), 16386 (1, c&s). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:73 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski 1869, subspecies oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) -- (Berg 1949:583 [ref. 20661], Bogutskaya 1998:67 [ref. 23589]). •Valid as Rhynchocypris costata (Fowler 1899) -- (Howes 1985:60 [ref. 5274] as costatus). •Synonym of Phoxinus oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) -- (Luo in Chen et al. 1998:86 [ref. 23878]). •See also Reshetnikov et al. 1997:740 [ref. 24702]. •Synonym of Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Ocock et al. 2006:44 [ref. 28933]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874 ) -- (Kottelat 2006:88 [ref. 28831]). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

croceus, Leuciscus Storer [D. H.] 1845:48 [Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History v. 2 (1845-1848); ref. 18835] Florence, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:39 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:68 [ref. 23395] •Status uncertain, most likely a synonym of Notropis longirostris (Hay 1881) -- (Gilbert 1978:39 [ref. 7042]). •Status uncertain, most likely Rhinichthys atratulus (Hermann 1804), subspecies abtusus Agassiz 1854 [of which croceus is earlier] -- (Gilbert 1998:68 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Rhinichthys atratulus (Hermann 1804) -- (Boschung & Mayden 2004:279 [ref. 27995]). Current status: Synonym of Rhinichthys atratulus (Hermann 1804). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

cultellus, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:341, Pl. 507 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Coromandel, India. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-3899. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:84 [ref. 19574]. •Synonym of Securicula gora (Hamilton 1822) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:329 [ref. 20764], Menon 1999:31 [ref. 24904], Karmakar 2000:27 [ref. 25662] as Securicola). Current status: Synonym of Securicula gora (Hamilton 1822). Danionidae: Chedrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

cupreus, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:361 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] China. No types known. Based on an illustration. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

curriculus, Leuciscus Richardson [J.] 1846:299 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1962.2.5.1. Type information: Whitehead 1970:210 [ref. 11606]. •Valid as Squaliobarbus curriculus (Richardson 1846) -- (Berg 1949:617 [ref. 20661], Yang & Hwang 1964:52 [ref. 13497], Mai 1978:130 [ref. 13511], Wang 1984:45 [ref. 22951], Kuang in Kuang et al. 1986:38 [ref. 26639], Chen & Li in Chu & Chen 1989:42 [ref. 13584], Zheng et al. 1989:79 [ref. 21202], Song in Pan et al. 1991:84 [ref. 23876], Ding 1994:145 [ref. 21531], Zhu 1995:31 [ref. 25213], Cheng & Zhou 1997:112 [ref. 26385], Kim 1997:274 [ref. 24032], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:742 [ref. 24702], Chen in Chen 1998:103 [ref. 23556], Bogutskaya 1998:90 [ref. 23589], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:105 [ref. 23878], Tang et al. 2001:12 [ref. 25373], Kottelat 2001:43 [ref. 25482], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:44 [ref. 26178], Wang et al. 2001:89 [ref. 26566], Kim & Park 2002:184 [ref. 25913], Choi et al. 2003:158, 514 [ref. 26218], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:51 [ref. 28183], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:336 [ref. 30085], Kottelat 2013:165 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:55 [ref. 34477], Zhang et al. 2019:147 [ref. 36699], Guo 2021:107 [ref. 38617], Chan et al. 2023:137 [ref. 40365], Dyldin et al. 2023:[16] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Squaliobarbus curriculus (Richardson 1846). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: East Asia: China, Vietnam and Korea. Introduced in Hong Kong (China). Habitat: freshwater.

cyanotaenia, Leuciscus Bleeker [P.] 1849:21 [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 23 (no. 12); ref. 16883] Ambarawa, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: RMNH 7036 (some). •Synonym of Rasbora argyrotaenia (Bleeker 1849) -- (Brittan 1954:108 [ref. 646], Kottelat 2013:151 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Rasbora argyrotaenia (Bleeker 1849). Danionidae: Rasborinae. Habitat: freshwater.

dandia, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:309 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Sri Lanka. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-2096 (2). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:71 [ref. 19574]. •Synonym of Rasbora daniconius (Hamilton 1822) -- (Brittan 1954:136 [ref. 646]). •Synonym of Parluciosoma daniconius (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1999:50 [ref. 24904] as dandria). •Valid as Rasbora dandia (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Silva et al. 2010:29 [ref. 30779], Plamoottil 2016:24 [ref. 34948], Bleher 2018:746 [ref. 36647], Sudasinghe et al. 2020:22 [ref. 37702]). Current status: Valid as Rasbora dandia (Valenciennes 1844). Danionidae: Rasborinae. Distribution: Southern India and Sri Lanka. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

danilewskii, Squalius Kessler [K. F.] 1877:126 [The Aralo-Caspian Expedition; ref. 2597] Azov Sea. Syntypes: ZIN 2944 (1), 50162 [ex 2944] (1). •Valid as Leuciscus danilewskii (Kessler 1877) -- (Berg 1949:550 [ref. 20661], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:738 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:64 [ref. 23589], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:85 [ref. 28183], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:206 [ref. 29996], Parin et al. 2014:81 [ref. 33547], Dyldin et al. 2023:[32] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Leuciscus danilewskii (Kessler 1877). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eastern Europe: Don River drainage. Habitat: freshwater.

daugawensis, Leuciscus rutilus var. Dybowski [B. N.] (ex Kessler) 1862:228, 237, Pl. 6 [Archiv für die Naturkunde Liv-, Ehst- und Kurlands. Zweiter Serie. Biologische Naturkunde. Dorpat v. 3; ref. 1168] Düna River, Riga, Latvia. No types at ZIN. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

dauricus, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:149 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Waters of Daourie [Transbaikalia], Russia. On Cyprinus rutilus of Pallas. •Synonym of Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Berg 1949:574 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Eupallasella percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 2006:31 [ref. 28831]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2008:333 [ref. 30085]). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

dauricus, Phoxinus perenurus var. Dybowski [B. N.] 1877:17 [Izvestiya Zapadno Sibirskogo Otdela Imperatorskago Russkago Geograpficheskago Obshchestva, Irkutsk v. 8 (nos. 1-2); ref. 1171] Onon River basin, Siberia, Russia. Syntypes: (many) whereabouts unknown. Same species as Leuciscus dauricus Valenciennes 1844? •Synonym of Eupallasella perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 1997:58 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas 1814). •Synonym of Eupallasella percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 2006:31 [ref. 28831]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

dobula, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:323 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Central Europe. No types known. •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

dobuloides, Abramis Günther [A.] 1857:51, Pl. 2 [Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg v. 13; ref. 23074] Neckar River, Blaulach stream, Tübingen, Germany. •Hybrid between Leuciscus dobula x Alburnus alburnus -- (Kottelat 1997:183 [ref. 22952]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

dojranensis, Leuciscus pigus Karaman [S.] 1928:153, Fig. 2a [Glasnik Skopskog Nauchnog Drustva [Glasnik -- Bulletin de la Société Scientifique de Skopje]. v. 6; ref. 15903] Lake Dojran, Republic of Macedonia. Syntypes: (several) IEBMT. Also as new in Karaman 1929:172 [ref. 15904]. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758), but a possible valid subspecies -- (Bogutskaya 1997:179 [ref. 23566]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

dolabrata, Cyprinus Holandre [J.] 1837:250 [Faune du département de la Moselle; ref. 23022] River Moselle, France. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Also appeared as same in Holandre 1837:3 [ref. 23075]; earliest not researched. •A hybrid between Leuciscus dobula x Alburnus alburnus -- (Kottelat 1997:184 [ref. 22952]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

dolabratus, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] (ex Hollandre) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:248 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Moselle River. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

doriae, Alburnus De Filippi [F.] 1865:360 [Note di un viaggio in Persia nel 1862; ref. 13943] [Probably south of] Shiraz, Iran. Lectotype: MZUT N.720. Paralectotypes: MSNG 9102 (6, 5 not this species). Type catalog: Tortonese 1940:140 [ref. 21559]. Lectotype apparently established by Tortonese 1934 by use of holotype (see Coad 1985:173 [ref. 9663]); also designated by Tortonese 1961:187 [ref. 10343]. •Synonym of Leuciscus lepidus (Heckel 1843) -- (Coad 1985:173 [ref. 9663], Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608]). •Valid as Alburnus doriae De Filippi 1865 -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2000:62 [ref. 24445], Bogutskaya & Coad 2009:170 [ref. 30270], Coad 2009:63 [ref. 30710], Falahatkar et al. 2015:323 [ref. 35421], Mohammadian-Kalat et al. 2017:491 [ref. 35603], Esmaeili et al. 2018:15 [ref. 36089], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:126 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:216 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Alburnus doriae De Filippi 1865. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Middle East: Zayandeh River drainage, Lake Namak basin and Karun River drainage (Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

dorobae, Leuciscus Ishikawa [C.] 1904:6, Pl. 3 (fig. 2) [Proceedings of the Department of Natural History, Tokyo Imperial Museum v. 1; ref. 9847] Kai, Omi, Mimasaku, Japan. No types known. Originally as dorobaë. •Synonym of Moroco steindachneri (Sauvage 1883) -- (Okada 1961:489 [ref. 6363]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris steindachneri (Sauvage 1883) -- (Howes 1985:60 [ref. 5274]). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris steindachneri (Sauvage 1883). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

dufourii, Aturius Dubalen [P. E.] 1878:158 [4], Fig. [Bulletin de la Société de Borda. (ser. 2) vol. 3; ref. 1141] Adour River basin, Département Pyrenées Atlantiques, southwestern France. No types known. On p. 4 of separate. •Synonym of Leuciscus burdigalensis Valenciennes 1844 -- (Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus burdigalensis Valenciennes 1844. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

dusonensis, Leuciscus Bleeker [P.] 1850:14 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1 (no. 1); ref. 16884] Bandjarmasin, in Duson River or Banjer River, Borneo, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 7037 (poor condition). Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1866.5.2.154 (1), NMV A965 (1). Type catalog: Alfred 1963:130 [ref. 20554]. •Valid as Rasbora dusonensis (Bleeker 1850) -- (Brittan 1954:122 [ref. 646], Roberts 1989:73 [ref. 6439], Kottelat 1991:187 [ref. 13597], Kottelat et al. 1993:46 [ref. 23448], Rainboth 1996:77 [ref. 22772], Doi 1997:12 [ref. 22832], Siebert & Richardson 1997:93 [ref. 22887], Kottelat 1998:50 [ref. 23436], Ng & Tan 1999:354 [ref. 24159], Kottelat 2000:51 [ref. 25040], Kottelat 2001:78 [ref. 25780], Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:155 [ref. 28284], Parenti & Lim 2005:184 [ref. 28285], Tan 2009:508 [ref. 30389], Liao et al. 2010:166 [ref. 30521], Kottelat 2012:81 [ref. 31848], Ng & Kottelat 2013:62 [ref. 32565]. Kottelat 2013:152 [ref. 32989], ? Zhang et al. 2016:51 [ref. 34477], Sulaiman et al. 2018:29 [ref. 35802], Ng et al. 2019:526 [ref. 36606], Tan & Kottelat 2020:756 [ref. 37794], Fu et al. 2021:9569 [ref. 39347]). Current status: Valid as Rasbora dusonensis (Bleeker 1850). Danionidae: Rasborinae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Malaya (Malaysia), Sumatra and Borneo (Indonesia); Yunnan/China. Habitat: freshwater.

dussumieri, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:xx (342), Pl. 508 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Mysore, India. Holotype (unique): MNHN. As Leuciscus clupeoides on p. 342 but as dussumieri on p. xx and with a correction footnote on the "Pour placer les planches." •Synonym of Salmostoma balookee (Sykes 1839) -- (Kottelat 2013:158 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Salmostoma balookee (Sykes 1839). Danionidae: Chedrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

duvaucelii, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:77 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Apparently objectively invalid; considered preoccupied by Leuciscus duvaucelii Valenciennes, same work, p. 95; replaced by Leuciscus alfredianus in Contents p. xvj [xvi] and Pl. 488. •Synonym of Osteobrama vigorsii (Sykes 1839) -- (Menon 1999:66 [ref. 24904]). •Synonym of Osteobrama alfredianus (Valenciennes 1844). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Osteobrama alfredianus (Valenciennes 1844). Cyprinidae: Smiliogastrinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

duvaucelii, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:95, Pl. 491 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Fresh water in Bengal. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-3575 (6). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:27 [ref. 19574]. •Synonym of Puntius sophore (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1999:101 [ref. 24904] as duvancelli, Kottelat 2013:149 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Puntius sophore (Hamilton 1822). Cyprinidae: Smiliogastrinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

dystomus, Leuciscus McClelland [J.] 1839:292, 406, Pl. 56 (fig. 4) [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Ganges River, India. No types known. •Synonym of Rasbora elanga (Hamilton 1822) -- (Brittan 1972:103 [ref. 12245]). •Synonym of Megarasbora elanga (Hamilton 1822). •Synonym of Bengala elanga (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 2013:82 [ref. 32989]). •Possibly valid as Bengala dystomus (McClelland 1839) -- (Bleher 2018:367 [ref. 36647]). Current status: Synonym of Bengala elanga (Hamilton 1822). Danionidae: Chedrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

dzungaricus, Leuciscus Paepke [H.-J.] & Koch [F.] in Koch & Paepke 1998:162, Figs. 6-9 [Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin v. 74 (no. 2); ref. 23652] Bulgan-Gol, southwestern Mongolia. Holotype: ZMB 32870. Paratypes: ZMB 24069 (35), 32871 (5). For remarks on systematics see Kottelat 2006:38-39 [ref. 28831]. •Valid as Leuciscus dzungaricus Paepke & Koch 1998 -- (Kottelat 2006:38 [ref. 28831], Ocock et al. 2006:39 [ref. 28933], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:205 [ref. 29996]). Current status: Valid as Leuciscus dzungaricus Paepke & Koch 1998. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Mongolia and China. Habitat: freshwater.

edwardsi, Leiognathus Evermann [B. W.] & Seale [A.] 1907:68, Fig. 7 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 26 (Doc. 607) (for 1906); ref. 1285] San Fabian, Pangasinan, Luzon Island Philippines. Holotype (unique): USNM 55904. •Synonym of Leiognathus leuciscus (Günther 1860) -- (Jones 1985:590 [ref. 21842]). •Valid as Leiognathus edwardsi Evermann & Seale 1907 -- (Woodland et al. 2001:2796 [ref. 26095]). •Synonym of Equulites leuciscus (Günther 1860) -- (Suzuki & Kimura 2023:29 [ref. 40749]). Current status: Synonym of Equulites leuciscus (Günther 1860). Leiognathidae: Leiognathinae. Habitat: marine.

einthovenii, Leuciscus Bleeker [P.] 1851:434 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 16897] Sambas, western Borneo, Indonesia. Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1866.5.2.158 (1), NMV 46546-47 (1, 1). Species epithet spelled einthoveni by Maxwell 1921:88 [ref. 30344]. •Valid as Rasbora einthovenii (Bleeker 1851) -- (Brittan 1954:149 [ref. 646], Roberts 1989:73 [ref. 6439], Kottelat et al. 1993:46 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Lim 1996:233 [ref. 23210], Doi 1997:12 [ref. 22832], Ng & Tan 1999:354 [ref. 24159], Tan & Lim 2004:109 [ref. 27716], Grinang & Lim 2004:289 [ref. 28551], Tan 2009:508 [ref. 30389], Liao et al. 2009:[4] [ref. 30521], Liao et al. 2010:166 [ref. 30521], Kottelat & Tan 2012:321 [ref. 31753], Kottelat 2013:152 [ref. 32989], Lumbantobing 2014:22 [ref. 33163], Sulaiman et al. 2018:29 [ref. 35802], Britz & Tan 2018:343 [ref. 36209], Ng et al. 2019:526 [ref. 36606], Tan & Kottelat 2020:757 [ref. 37794]). Current status: Valid as Rasbora einthovenii (Bleeker 1851). Danionidae: Rasborinae. Distribution: West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

elingulatus, Leuciscus McClelland [J.] 1839:294, 419, Pl. 57 (fig. 4) [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Mountain streams at Simla, India. No types known. Same as Perilampus elingulatus, earliest not established. Danionidae: Danioninae. Habitat: freshwater.

elingulatus, Perilampus McClelland [J.] 1838:947, Pl. 56 (fig. 1) [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 7 (for Nov. 1838); ref. 2924] Mountain streams at Simla, India. See also McClelland 1839:294, Pl. 57 (fig. 4) [ref. 2923] (as Leuciscus elingulatus). Danionidae: Danioninae. Habitat: freshwater.

elongata, Pristipoma leuciscus var. Steindachner [F.] 1879:52, Pl. 9 (fig. 2) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 41; ref. 4228] Tumbez, Peru. No types known. Species illustrated and named as above in figure caption page only; described as Pristopoma leuciscus in text without "var." designation; not included in earlier abstract [ref. 20480]. •Valid as Pomadasys elongatus (Steindachner 1879) -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:152 [ref. 22193]). •Valid as Haemulopsis elongatus (Steindachner 1879) -- (De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:184 [ref. 24545], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:346 [ref. 24550], Nelson et al. 2004:145 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:124 [ref. 37547], McMahan et al. 2013:450 [ref. 32422], Tavera et al. 2012:6 [ref. 32469], Page et al. 2013:149 [ref. 32708], González-Murcia et al. 2019:304 [ref. 36544], Love et al. 2021:163 [ref. 39279], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:351 [ref. 40816]). •Valid as Haemulopsis elongata (Steindachner 1879) -- (Parenti 2019:163 [ref. 37021], Walker et al. 2020:4 [ref. 37499] as Haemulopsis elongatus). Current status: Valid as Haemulopsis elongata (Steindachner 1879). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to northern Peru, including southern Gulf of California (Mexico); straying to southern California (U.S.A.). Habitat: marine.

elongatus, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:494 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Wabash River, [probably New Harmony, Posey County, Indiana] U.S.A. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:75 [ref. 23395]. Secondarily preoccupied in Leuciscus by Luxilus elongatus Kirtland 1840, replaced by Leuciscus productus Storer 1846. •Synonym of Rhinichthys atratulus (Hermann 1804), subspecies meleagris Agassiz 1854 -- (Gilbert 1998:75 [ref. 23395]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Rhinichthys atratulus (Hermann 1804). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

erytrostomus, Aspius Kessler [K. F.] 1877:143 [The Aralo-Caspian Expedition; ref. 2597] Aral Sea and lower part of Amu Darya River, Uzbekistan. Syntypes: (many) none found at ZIN. •Synonym of Aspius aspius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Coad 1995:11 [ref. 23608], Kottelat 1997:47 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:168 [ref. 23566]). •Synonym of Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus 1758) based on placement of aspius. Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

evermanni, Leuciscus Juday [C.] 1905:226, Fig. [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 24 (for 1904); ref. 15366] Boulder Creek, Boulder, Boulder County, Colorado, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 51841. Paratypes: Mus. Univ. Colorado No. 1 (1). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:78 [ref. 23395]. •A hybrid between Nocomis biguttatus (?) x Semotilus atromaculatus -- (Gilbert 1998:78 [ref. 23395]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

ezoe, Tribolodon hakuensis Okada [Y.] & Ikeda [H.] 1937:161, 170 [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 49 (no. 5); ref. 15295] Hokkaido, Japan. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Type information: Hayashi 1995:6 [ref. 22717]. •Valid as Leuciscus ezoe (Okada & Ikeda 1937) -- (Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:267 [ref. 25598]). •Valid as Tribolodon ezoe Okada & Ikeda 1937 -- (Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:57 [ref. 6441], Nikiforov et al. 1997:330 [ref. 24694], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:742 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:72 [ref. 23589], Nakabo 2000:265 [ref. 25086], Doi & Shinzawa 2000:241 [ref. 25251], Matsuura et al. 2000:139 [ref. 26000], Pietsch et al. 2001:140 [ref. 25688], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Nakabo 2002:265 [ref. 26001], Kolpakov & Kolpakov 2002:840 [ref. 26577], Sakai et al. 2002:1291 [ref. 26628], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:97 [ref. 28183], Sakai & Amano 2014:219 [ref. 33610]). •Synonym of Tribolodon hakonensis (Günther 1880), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Okada 1961:482 [ref. 6363] with species as hakuensis). •Synonym of Tribolodon sachalinensis (Nikolskii 1889) -- (Parin et al. 2014:97 [ref. 33547], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:667 [ref. 34853] with question). •Synonym of Pseudaspius sachalinensis (Nikolskii 1889). Current status: Synonym of Pseudaspius sachalinensis (Nikolskii 1889). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

farnumi, Leuciscus Fowler [H. W.] 1899:179 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 51; ref. 17572] Tore River, tributary of Sungari River, China. Holotype: ANSP 16380. Paratypes or non-types: ANSP 16381-82 (2, dry). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:76 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Genghis mongolicus (Kessler 1876) -- (Howes 1984:290 [ref. 5312]). •Synonym of Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Berg 1949:568 [ref. 20661], Yang & Hwang 1964:33 [ref. 13497], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:65 [ref. 23878], Kottelat 2006:39 [ref. 28831], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:332 [ref. 30085], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:661 [ref. 34853]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

fellowesii, Leuciscus Günther [A.] 1868:224, Fig. [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Xanthos, Turkey. Syntypes: BMNH 1845.7.9.58-59 (2). •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •Valid as Squalius fellowesii (Günther 1868) -- (Turan et al. 2009:61 [ref. 30540], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:134 [ref. 31360], Turan et al. 2013:322 [ref. 32584], Barbieri et al. 2015:64 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:15 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:411 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:257 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Squalius fellowesii (Günther 1868). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Eşen Çayı (Mediterranean tribitary), Antalya Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

filamentosus, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:96, Pl. 492 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Alleppey [now Alappuzha, situated between Vembanad Lake (a brackish estuary) and the Arabian Sea, 9°20'N, 76°25'E, Kerala State, southwestern India]. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-3908. Paralectotypes: MNHN 0000-3908 (9). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:27 [ref. 19574]. Lectotype established by Pethiyagoda & Kottelat 2005:129 [ref. 28274]. •Valid as Puntius filamentosa or filamentosus (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Selvaraj & Abraham 1987:20 [ref. 19846], Pethiyagoda 1991:104 [ref. 20075], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:270 [ref. 20764], Indra 1991:238 [ref. 24005], Indra 1993:184 [ref. 24009], Indra 1994:415 [ref. 24015], Zacharias et al. 1996:40 [ref. 25526], Manimekalan 1998:435 [ref. 24989], Rema Devi & Raghunathan 1999:153 [ref. 24759], Rema Devi et al. 1999:157 [ref. 24758], Menon 1999:92 [ref. 24904], Fuller et al. 1999:142 [ref. 25838], Raju Thomas et al. 2000:444 [ref. 25319], Raju Thomas et al. 2002:49 [ref. 26359], Yadav 2003:12 [ref. 27711], Pethiyagoda & Kottelat 2005:129 [ref. 28274], Pethiyagoda & Kottelat 2005:151 [ref. 28275], Rema Devi et al. 2010:1121 [ref. 30982], Knight et al. 2011:1690 [ref. 31267], Remya et al. 2013:46 [ref. 37136], Narasimhaiah et al. 2016:69 [ref. 34975]). •Valid as Dawkinsia filamentosa (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Pethiyagoda et al. 2012:80 [ref. 32071], Raghavan et al. 2013:4936 [ref. 32992], Arunkumar & Manimekalan 2018:1739 [ref. 36172], Bleher 2018:420 [ref. 36647], Katwate et al. 2020:230 [ref. 37497], Ren et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37805] as filamentosus, Katwate et al. 2020:725 [ref. 37975], Sudasinghe et al. 2021:[3] [ref. 38706], Chan et al. 2023:136 [ref. 40365]). Current status: Valid as Dawkinsia filamentosa (Valenciennes 1844). Cyprinidae: Smiliogastrinae. Distribution: South Asia: southern Western Ghats (southern India). Introduced in Hong Kong (China). Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

fintella, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:356 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] China. Based on an illustration. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

flavus, Leuciscus Jerdon [T. C.] 1849:321 [Madras Journal of Literature and Science v. 15 (pt 2); ref. 4902] Kaveri River at Srirangapattana, India [original locality: Carnatic [Karnataka], southern India]. Neotype: WHT 7787. Neotype selected by Silva et al. 2010:46 [ref. 30779] and is the same neotype for Leuciscus flavus, Leuciscu caveri and Leuciscus xanthogramme; they also established relative precedence as first revisers. •Synonym of Rasbora daniconius (Hamilton 1822) -- (Brittan 1954:136 [ref. 646]). •Synonym of Parluciosoma daniconius (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1999:51 [ref. 24904]). •Synonym of Rasbora dandia (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Silva et al. 2010:30 [ref. 30779]). Current status: Synonym of Rasbora dandia (Valenciennes 1844). Danionidae: Rasborinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

fluviatilis, Leuciscus rutilus var. Yakovlev [V. E.] 1873:334, Fig. 3 [Priroda (Moscow) v. 1, book 2, pt 2; ref. 19640] Volga River Delta, Russia. No types known. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Berg 1949:497 [ref. 20661], Mitrofanov et al. 1987:9 [ref. 37731], Bogutskaya 1997:179 [ref. 23566]). •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952], Fricke et al. 2007:46 [ref. 29533]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

formosus, Alburnus Putnam [F. W.] 1863:9 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 1 (art. 1); ref. 3567] Mobile, 30°42;N, 88°05'W, Mobile County, Alabama, U.S.A. Lectotype: UMMZ 162442 [ex UMMZ 87183]. Paralectotypes: MCZ 1845 (24); SMNS 1167 (3); ?UMMZ 86863 (1), UMMZ 87183 (6), ZMB 5646 (?). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:44 [ref. 7042], Fricke 1995:10 [ref. 28100], Gilbert 1998:82 [ref. 23395], Fricke 2005:30 [ref. 29864]. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Leuciscus by Moniana formosa Girard 1856, replaced by Leuciscus hypselopterus Günther 1868. Lectotype selected by Bailey & Suttkus 1952:15 [ref. 12765]. •Synonym of Notropis hypselopterus (Günther 1868) -- (Gilbert 1978:44 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Pteronotropis hypselopterus (Günther 1868) -- (Gilbert 1998:82 [ref. 23395], Boschung & Mayden 2004:274 [ref. 27995]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Pteronotropis hypselopterus (Günther 1868). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

frigidus, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:234 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Probably Germany. Based on one specimens and Cyprinus idus Bloch. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

frisii, Leuciscus Nordmann [A. von] 1840:487 [Voyage dans la Russie méridionale et la Crimée; ref. 3209] Market in Odessa, Danube, Bug, Dniester, and Dnieper rivers. Syntypes: ?NMW 50456 (2). Incorrectly spelled frizii by Slastenenko 1955-56:131 [ref. 6450]. •Valid as Rutilus frisii (Nordmann 1840) -- (Berg 1949:532 [ref. 20661], Mitrofanov et al. 1987:72 [ref. 37731], Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608], Coad 1996:84 [ref. 25304], Bogutskaya 1997:178 [ref. 23566], Kottelat 1997:77 [ref. 22952], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:741 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:69 [ref. 23589], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:87 [ref. 28183], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:170 [ref. 28369], Bogutskaya & Iliadou 2006:294 [ref. 28494], Fricke et al. 2007:46 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:240 [ref. 29996], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:167 [ref. 31251], Marić 2010:157 [ref. 31515], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Parin et al. 2014:91 [ref. 33547] as subspecies, Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Levin et al. 2017:44 [ref. 35061], Özuluğ & Saç 2019:30 [ref. 36599], Çiçek et al. 2020:252 [ref. 37644], Dyldin et al. 2020:81, 105 [ref. 37569], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:143 [ref. 37983], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37535], Çiçek et al. 2023:408 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[34] [ref. 40328], Çiçek et al. 2024:251 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Rutilus frisii (Nordmann 1840). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: Black, Azov and Caspian Sea basins. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

frontalis, Leuciscus Agassiz [L.] 1850:368, Pl. 3 (fig. 4) [Lake Superior; ref. 66] Montreal River (tributary on eastern shore of Lake Superior), north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada. Lectotype: MCZ 1751. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1867.4.12.3 (1), NMW 50807 (1). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:45 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:83 [ref. 23395]. Gilbert's 1964:142 use of holotype establishes a lectotype when more syntypes were found. •Synonym of Notropis cornutus (Mitchill 1817) -- (Gilbert 1964:141 [ref. 12397], Gilbert 1978:45 [ref. 7042], Smith 1986:180 [ref. 22186], Scott & Crossman 1998:451 [ref. 24570]). •Synonym of Luxilus cornutus (Mitchill 1817) -- (Gilbert 1998:83 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Luxilus cornutus (Mitchill 1817) but a valid subspecies -- (Scharpf 2005:22 [ref. 28940]). Current status: Synonym of Luxilus cornutus (Mitchill 1817). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

gaderanus, Leuciscus Günther [A.] 1899:388, Pl. 24 (fig. B) [The Journal of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology v. 27 (no. 177); ref. 14704] Gader Chai, near Ocksa, northwestern Iran; near mouth of Nazlu Chai at Superghan, Iran. Syntypes: (3 + 3) BMNH 1899.9.30.113-115 (3) Ocksa, 1899.9.30.108-112 (?2 of 5 are types). •Questionably valid -- (Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608]). •Tentatively a synonym of Petroleuciscus ulanus (Günther 1899) -- (Coad & Bogutskaya 2010:45 [ref. 30930]). •Synonym of Petroleuciscus ulanus (Günther 1899) -- (Esmaeili et al. 2010:370 [ref. 33391], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:878 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2018:34 [ref. 36089], Çiçek et al. 2024:238 [ref. 40789]). •Synonym of Alburnus ulanus (Günther 1899) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:131 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus ulanus (Günther 1899). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

gangeticus, Leuciscus (Abramis) Swainson [W.] 1839:285 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Based on Ham. fig. 93 -- which is Hamilton 1822:Pl. 39 (fig. 93) [ref. 2031]. •Synonym of Osteobrama cotio (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1999:64 [ref. 24904]). Current status: Synonym of Osteobrama cotio (Hamilton 1822). Cyprinidae: Smiliogastrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

gardoneus, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:316 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-1687. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:77 [ref. 19574], Gilbert 1998:84 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814) -- (Gilbert 1998:84 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

gatensis, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:309, Pl. 503 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Mountains of Gates, India. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-5817 (3). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:69 [ref. 19574]. •Valid as Barilius gatensis (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:349 [ref. 20764], Rema Devi et al. 1996:131 [ref. 24021], Easa & Shaji 1996:305 [ref. 24977], Zacharias et al. 1996:40 [ref. 25526], Manimekalan 1998:437 [ref. 24989], Menon 1999:18 [ref. 24904], Arunkumar & Tombi Singh 2000:249 [ref. 25167], Raju Thomas et al. 2000:444 [ref. 25319], Yadav 2000:40 [ref. 25661], Raju Thomas et al. 2002:50 [ref. 26359], Yadav 2003:8 [ref. 27711], Nath et al. 2010:24 [ref. 33488], Knight et al. 2015:406 [ref. 33702], Arunkumar & Manimekalan 2018:1739 [ref. 36172], Bleher 2018:354 [ref. 36647], Plamoottil & Vineeth 2020:5394 [ref. 37919]). •Valid as Opsarius gatensis (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Qin et al. 2019:590 [ref. 36784]). Current status: Valid as Opsarius gatensis (Valenciennes 1844). Danionidae: Chedrinae. Distribution: Southern Western Ghats, south India. Habitat: freshwater.

genei, Leuciscus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1839:fasc. 24, punt. 125, Pl. 114 (fig. 2) [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 4895] Piedmont Lakes, Italy. Syntypes: ANSP 6110-15 (6). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:77 [ref. 13621]. Puntata written as 126 on first page, corrected to 125 in index. •Valid as Chondrostoma genei (Bonaparte 1839) -- (Elvira 1987:119 [ref. 6743], Lelek 1987:183 [ref. 22962], Elvira 1991:149 [ref. 20036], Bianco 1988:154 [ref. 22383], Kottelat 1997:54 [ref. 22952], Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:194 [ref. 26728], Gante et al. 2010:968 [ref. 35176]). •Valid as Protochondrostoma genei (Bonaparte 1839) -- (Robalo et al. 2007:371 [ref. 28878] dated 1939, Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:231 [ref. 29996], Zupančič 2008:36 [ref. 29926], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Bianco & Delmastro 2011:5 [ref. 31648], Bianco 2013:8 [ref. 32897], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108]). Current status: Valid as Protochondrostoma genei (Bonaparte 1839). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southern Europe: Adriatic basin (Italy and Slovenia). Habitat: freshwater.

gibbosa, Moniana Girard [C. F.] 1856:201 [37] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Rio Grande (or tributary) at Brownsville, Cameron County, Texas, U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM 105 [= USNM 31159] (orig. 3, now 1). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:46 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:85 [ref. 23395]. On p. 37 of separate. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Notropis by Leuciscus gibbosus Storer 1848. •Synonym of Notropis lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Gilbert 1978:46 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Mayden 1989:50 [ref. 12555]). •Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) subspecies lutrensis -- (Gilbert 1998:85 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

gibbosus, Leuciscus Storer [D. H.] 1845:48 [Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History v. 2 (1845-1848); ref. 18835] Tuscaloosa, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:46 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:85 [ref. 23395]. •Status uncertain, possibly Notropis chrysocephalus (Rafinesque 1820), subspecies isolepis Hubbs & Brown 1927 -- (Gilbert 1978:46 [ref. 7042]). •Probably senior synonym of Luxilus chrysocephalus Rafinesque 1820, subspecies isolepis (Hubbs & Brown 1929) -- (Gilbert 1998:85 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Luxilus chrysocephalus Rafinesque 1820. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

gibbosus, Leuciscus Ayres [W. O.] 1854:1, col. 1 [Daily Placer Times and Transcript [newspaper] v. 5 (no. 1284); ref. 6368] San Francisco, California, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 14733 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:77 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:85 [ref. 23395]. Appeared above on 30 May 1854. Also appeared as Lavinia gibbosa in Ayres 1854:14 [ref. 157] in Dec. 1854. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Leuciscus gibbosus Storer 1848. •Synonym of Gila crassicauda (Baird & Girard 1854) -- (Gilbert 1998:85 [ref. 23395]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Gila crassicauda (Baird & Girard 1854). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater.

gilli, Leuciscus Evermann [B. W.] 1892:44, Pl. 20 (fig. 2) [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 11 (art. 1) (for 1891); ref. 12384] Browns Gulch Creek at Silver Bow, near Butte, Silver Bow County, Montana, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 43953. Paralectotypes: CAS-SU 1214 (2), ?6906 (5); USNM 343577 [ex USNM 43953] (orig. 14, now 8, plus 2 pharyngeal arches). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:33 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1998:86 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype established (as figured specimen) in caption to Pl. 42, p. 3240 in Jordan & Evermann 1900 [ref. 2446] under Leuciscus balteatus. Böhlke's 1953:33 [ref. 12291] use of holotype and paratypes does not constitute lectotype designation. •Synonym of Richardsonius balteatus (Richardson 1836). Current status: Synonym of Richardsonius balteatus (Richardson 1836). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

gracilis, Cyprinus (Leuciscus) Richardson [J.] 1836:120, Pl. 78 [Fauna Boreali-Americana Part 3; ref. 3731] Saskatchewan River at Carleton House [apparently town of Carleton], Saskatchewan, Canada. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:86 [ref. 23395]. As Leuciscus gracilis on plate. •Valid as Cyprinus gracilis Richardson 1836 -- (Lee et al. 1980:186 [ref. 22416], Robison & Buchanan 1988:186 [ref. 23393], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:20 [ref. 22290]). •Valid as Hybopsis gracilis (Richardson 1836) -- (Chereshnev 1996:600 [ref. 24659]). •Valid as Platygobio gracilis (Richardson 1836) -- (McAllister 1990:64 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:103 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:253 [ref. 22809], Baxter & Stone 1995:104 [ref. 23374], Cross & Collins 1995:110 [ref. 23394], Simons & Mayden 1997:195 [ref. 24948], Gilbert 1998:86 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:484 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:139 [ref. 25838], Ross et al. 2001:242 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:77 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:36 [ref. 28940] with subspecies, McPhail 2007:116 [ref. 31199], Page & Burr 2011:209 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:77 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:75 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Platygobio gracilis (Richardson 1836). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: U.S.A. and Canada. Habitat: freshwater.

gracilis, Leuciscus Agassiz [L.] 1850:370 [Lake Superior; ref. 66] Lake Huron, North America. Syntypes: MCZ 1752 (2). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:46 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:87 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis cornutus (Mitchill 1817) -- (Gilbert 1964:141 [ref. 12397], Gilbert 1978:47 [ref. 7042], Scott & Crossman 1998:451 [ref. 24570]). •Synonym of Luxilus cornutus (Mitchill 1817) -- (Gilbert 1998:87 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Luxilus cornutus (Mitchill 1817). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

gracilis, Leuciscus Ayres [W. O.] 1854:1, col. 1 [Daily Placer Times and Transcript [newspaper] v. 5 (no. 1284); ref. 6368] Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, California, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:87 [ref. 23395]. Name regarded as misspelled gracilus originally. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Leuciscus gracilis Agassiz 1850. Described by Ayres later in 1854 as Gila grandis. •Synonym of Ptychocheilus grandis (Ayres 1854) -- (Gilbert 1998:87 [ref. 23395]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Ptychocheilus grandis (Ayres 1854). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater.

gracilis, Moniana Girard [C. F.] 1856:201 [37] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Acapulco, near Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. Syntypes: ANSP 2992 [ex USNM 116] (1), MCZ 1796 [ex USNM 116] (1), MNHN 0000-0432 [ex USNM 116] (1), USNM 116 (orig. 7, now 4). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:47 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:77 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:87 [ref. 23395]. On p. 37 of separate. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied by Leuciscus gracilis Agassiz 1850 when both are in Notropis. •Synonym of Notropis lutrensus (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Gilbert 1978:47 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Cyprinella rutila (Girard 1856) -- (Mayden 1989:60 [ref. 12555], Gilbert 1998:87 [ref. 23395]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Cyprinella rutila (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

graining, Cyprinus Walbaum [J. J.] 1792:36 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] Mersey River, near Warrington, Cheshire, Great Britain. No types known. Based on "Graining" of Pennant 1776:367 [ref. 18528], which is based on "Graining" of Pennant 1774:12 [ref. 35543]. •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

grainining, Cyprinus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:450 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Mersey River, near Warrington, Cheshire, Great Britain. No types known. Based on "Graining" of Pennant 1776:367 [ref. 18528], which is based on "Graining" of Pennant 1774:12 [ref. 35543]. Unnecessary replacement for Cyprinus graining Walbaum 1792. •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

grislagine, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:323 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] European lakes. No types known. •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

guentheri, Asterropteryx Bleeker [P.] 1875:112 [12] [Archives néerlandaises des sciences exactes et naturelles v. 10; ref. 440] Oualan [Kosrae], Caroline Islands, western Pacific [probably Ovalau, Fiji]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 2003.8.7.1. On p. 12 of separate. Based on Eleotris cyprinoides of Günther (not of Valenciennes). •Questionably a synonym of Hypseleotris leuciscus (Bleeker 1853) -- (Kottelat 2013:394 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Hypseleotris cyprinoides (Valenciennes 1837) -- (Thacker & Unmack 2005:2, 10 [ref. 28186], Parenti 2021:47 [ref. 38603]). •Valid as Hypseleotris guentheri (Bleeker 1875) -- (Allen 1991:156 [ref. 21090], Zhu 1995:175 [ref. 25213], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:60 [ref. 25191], Fricke et al. 2014:156 [ref. 33932], Keith et al. 2021:98 [ref. 38257] as cf. guentheri, Parenti 2021:48 [ref. 38603], Keith & Mennesson 2023:25 [ref. 40181]). Current status: Valid as Hypseleotris guentheri (Bleeker 1875). Eleotridae: Eleotrinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Samoa and Fiji. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

guentheri, Xenocypris Sauvage [H.-E.] & Dabry de Thiersant [P.] 1874:13 [Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris (Zoologie et Paléontologie) (Sér. 6) v. 1 (art. 5); ref. 15665] •New name for Leuciscus (Xenocypris) argenteus of Basilewsky (not of Günther). •Synonym of Xenocypris argentea Günther 1868 -- (Yang 1964:123 [ref. 13500], Bănărescu 1970:397 [ref. 7718], Liu & He in Chen et al. 1998:213 [ref. 23878], Zhao et al. 2009:43 [ref. 30545]). •Synonym of Xenocypris macrolepis Bleeker 1871 -- (Berg 1949:633 [ref. 20661], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:336 [ref. 30085]). Current status: Synonym of Xenocypris macrolepis Bleeker 1871. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

haematurus, Hybopsis Cope [E. D.] 1867:382, Pl. 12 (fig. 4) [Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (New Series) v. 13 (pt 3) (art. 13); ref. 910] St. Josephs River, Michigan and Michigan City, Indiana, La Porte County, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984: 78 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:90 [ref. 23395]. Also cited as Leuciscus haematurus Cope in Günther 1868:259 [ref. 1990]. •Synonym of Pimephales notatus (Rafinesque 1820) -- (Gilbert 1998:90 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Pimephales notatus (Rafinesque 1820). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

hakonensis, Leuciscus Günther [A.] 1877:442 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 20 (no. 119) (art. 56); ref. 2009] Lake Hakone, Japan. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1879.5.14.639. Also described as new in Günther 1880:72, Pl. 31 (fig. B) [ref. 2011]. Günther recorded the locality as Lake Hakou, used the name hakuensis both in 1877 and 1880, this was corrected to hakonensis by Ishikawa's 1895:129 and confirmed in Opinion 63. •Valid as Tribolodon hakuensis (Günther 1877), subspecies hakuensis (Günther 1877) -- (Kuroda 1953:276 [ref. 39545], Okada 1961:468 [ref. 6363]). •Valid as Leuciscus hakonensis Günther 1877 -- (Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:259 [ref. 25598], Zhu 1995:31 [ref. 25213]). •Valid as Tribolodon hakonensis (Günther 1877) -- (Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:56 [ref. 6441], Sato 1995:50 [ref. 25531], Kim 1997:252 [ref. 24032], Nikiforov et al. 1997:330 [ref. 24694], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:742 [ref. 24702] as hakuensis, Bogutskaya 1998:72 [ref. 23589] as hakuensis, Luo in Chen et al. 1998:73 [ref. 23878], Sokolovskaya et al. 1998:8 [ref. 24670], Sato et al. 1998:32 [ref. 24972], Nakabo 2000:265 [ref. 25086], Doi & Shinzawa 2000:241 [ref. 25251], Matsuura et al. 2000:141 [ref. 26000], Zemnukhov et al. 2001:420 [ref. 25412] as hakuensis, Pietsch et al. 2001:140 [ref. 25688] as hakuensis, Shimizu 2001:21 [ref. 25799], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Kim & Park 2002:160 [ref. 25913], Hosoya in 2002:265 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:158, 517 [ref. 26218] dated 1880, Kolpakov & Kolpakov 2002:840 [ref. 26577] as hakuensis, Sakai et al. 2002:1291 [ref. 26628], Hagiwara 2003:36 [ref. 27188], Jang et al. 2003:119 [ref. 27681], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:97 [ref. 28183] as hakonensis, Bogutskaya et al. 2008:333 [ref. 30085], Yonezawa et al. 2010:250 [ref. 30902], Parin et al. 2014:97 [ref. 33547], Sakai & Amano 2014:219 [ref. 33610], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:666 [ref. 34853], Kim et al. 2020:61 [ref. 39118]). •Valid as Pseudaspius hakonensis (Günther 1877) -- (Dyldin et al. 2020:81 [ref. 37569], Dyldin et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38804], Dyldin & Orlov 2021:66 [ref. 38158], Zolotava & Kartavtsev 2023:323 [369] [ref. 40485], Dyldin et al. 2023:[25] [ref. 40328], Saiki et al. 2023:69 [ref. 40766]). Current status: Valid as Pseudaspius hakonensis (Günther 1877). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Distribution: East Asia: Northwestern Pacific watersheds, coastal rivers and lakes. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

harengula, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:303, Pl. 500 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Irrawaddy River, Myanmar. Syntypes: MNHN A-9531 (3), A-9532 (4). •Questionably the same as Amblypharyngodon atkinsonii (Blyth 1860) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:335 [ref. 20764], Kottelat 2013:73 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Amblypharyngodon atkinsonii (Blyth 1860). Danionidae: Rasborinae. Habitat: freshwater.

hastatus, Liognathus Ogilby [J. D.] 1912:58 [Memoirs of the Queensland Museum v. 1; ref. 14855] Cape York, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.878. Replacement name for Equula longispina De Vis 1884, preoccupied by Equula longispinis Valenciennes 1835. •Synonym of Leiognathus leuciscus (Günther 1860) -- (Hoese & Bray 2006:1180 [ref. 29000]). •Synonym of Leiognathus moretoniensis Ogilby 1912 -- (Woodland et al. 2001:2812 [ref. 26095]). •Synonym of Equulites leuciscus (Günther 1860) -- (Suzuki & Kimura 2023:30 [ref. 40749]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Equulites leuciscus (Günther 1860). Leiognathidae: Gazzinae. Habitat: marine.

heckelii, Leuciscus Nordmann [A. von] 1840:491, Pl. 23 (fig. 1) [Voyage dans la Russie méridionale et la Crimée; ref. 3209] Crimea, Ukraine, Black Sea. No types known. Syntypes: ZIN 3008-09 (3). •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Berg 1949:500 [ref. 20661], Bogutskaya 1997:179 [ref. 23566], Michajlova 1989:25 [ref. 20062] as heckeli). •Questionably valid as Rutilus heckelii (Nordmann 1840) -- (Kottelat 1997:78 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bogutskaya 1998:70 [ref. 23589] as heckeli, Parin et al. 2014:92 [ref. 33547]). •Synonym of Rutilus lacustris (Pallas 1814) -- (Levin et al. 2017:44 [ref. 35061], Dyldin et al. 2020:87 [ref. 37569], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:144 [ref. 37983]). •Valid as Rutilus heckelii (Nordmann 1840) -- (Fricke et al. 2007:46 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:241 [ref. 29996], Marić 2010:157 [ref. 31515] as heckeli, Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Dyldin et al. 2020:81 [ref. 37569]). Current status: Valid as Rutilus heckelii (Nordmann 1840). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: Black Sea basins. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

heegeri, Leuciscus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1839:fasc. 24, punt. 125, Pl. 114 (fig. 3) [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 4895] Stream in Istria, Croatia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Puntata written as 126 on first page, corrected to 125 in index. Appeared as name only in Agassiz 1835:38 [ref. 22]. •Questionably a synonym of Scardinius scardafa (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Kottelat 1997:84 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Uncertain as Scardinius scardafa (Bonaparte 1837). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

helfrichii, Leuciscus Bleeker [P.] 1856:15 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 2; ref. 13960] Kahajan River, Borneo. Lectotype: BMNH 1866.5.2.162. Paralectotypes: RMNH 4970 (1). Lectotype selected by Alfred 1963:129 [ref. 20554]. Spelled helfrichi by Chevey 1932:11 [ref. 23060]. •Valid as Rasborichthys helfrichii (Bleeker 1856) -- (Roberts 1989:78 [ref. 6439], Kottelat et al. 1993:48 [ref. 23448], Doi 1997:13 [ref. 22832], Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:155 [ref. 28284] Kottelat 2013:156 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Rasborichthys helfrichii (Bleeker 1856). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Sumatra and Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

hemistictus, Leuciscus Richardson [J.] 1846:296 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China. No types known. Based solely on illustration by Reeves (see Whitehead 1970:210, Pl. 17b [ref. 11606]). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

heterandrius, Leuciscus Battalgil [F.] 1940:74 [1], Figs. [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles v. 5 (nos 1/2); ref. 13233] Iznik Lake, northwestern Anatolia, Turkey. Holotype: IUSHM [Zool. Mus. Istanbul] 2500. Paratypes: IUSHM 2501-2546 (45). On p. 1 of separate. •Synonym of Leuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler 1859) -- (Berg 1949:561 [ref. 20661], Bogutskaya 1996:26 [ref. 22945], Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566]). •Synonym of Petroleuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler 1859) -- (Çiçek et al. 2024:236 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Petroleuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler 1859). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

homospilotus, Leuciscus Richardson [J.] 1846:300 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China. No types known. Based solely on illustration by Reeves (see Whitehead 1970:210, Pl. 17c [ref. 11606]). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

hypophthalmus, Leuciscus Richardson [J.] (ex Gray) 1845:139, Pl. 63 (fig. 1) [Ichthyology.--Part 3. The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur.; ref. 20575] Canton, China. Holotype (unique): BMNH 2006.10.2.1 (stuffed). •Synonym of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Yang 1964:225 [ref. 13500], Chen in Kuang et al. 1986:58 [ref. 26639], Zheng et al. 1989:117 [ref. 21202], Liu in Pan et al. 1991:237 [ref. 23876], Mitrofanov et al. 1992:200 [ref. 37756], Chen in Chen et al. 1998:228 [ref. 23878], Kottelat 2006:36 [ref. 28831], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:331 [ref. 30085], Kottelat 2013:112 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:66 [ref. 34477], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:661 [ref. 34853]). Current status: Synonym of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes 1844). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

hypselopterus, Leuciscus Günther [A.] (ex Putnam) 1868:255 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Mobile, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype: BMNH 1974.8.6.77. Putnam specimens: Lectotype: UMMZ 162442 [ex UMMZ 87183]. Paralectotypes: MCZ 1845 (24); ?UMMZ 86863 (1), UMMZ 87183 (6), ZMB 5646 (?). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:49 [ref. 7042] and Gilbert 1998:94 [ref. 23395] with types as for Alburnus formosus Putnam 1863. Description apparently composed by Günther on one specimen, with citation to Alburnus formosus Putnam MS; it probably should not be regarded as a replacement name for Alburnus formosus Putnam 1863 (publication of which Günther was apparently unaware); Gilbert 1978:49 [ref. 7042] treated as a replacement name. •Valid as Pteronotropis hypselopterus (Günther 1868), subspecies hypselopterus -- (Gilbert 1998:94 [ref. 23395], Scharpf 2005:36 [ref. 28940]). •Valid as Notropis hypselopterus (Günther 1868) -- (Gilbert 1978:49 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:277 [ref. 22416], Dimmick 1987:316 [ref. 11406], Suttkus & Mettee 2001:6 [ref. 25253]). •Valid as Pteronotropis hypselopterus (Günther 1868) -- (Boschung 1992:58 [ref. 23239], Mettee et al. 1996:309 [ref. 25836], Simons et al. 2000:1068 [ref. 25101], Nelson et al. 2004:77 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:274 [ref. 27995], Page & Burr 2011:231 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:77 [ref. 32708], Mayden & Allen 2015:[3] [ref. 34137], Mayden & Allen 2015:21 [ref. 35436], Robins et al. 2018:119 [ref. 35886], Stout et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39738], Page et al. 2023:75 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Pteronotropis hypselopterus (Günther 1868). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern North America: Florida and Alabama (southeastern U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

iblioides, Alburnus Kessler [K. F.] 1872:63 [19], Pl. 10 (fig. 27) [Izvestiia Imperatorskago Obschchestva Liubitelei Estestvozaniia, Antropologii i Etnografii v. 10 (no. 1); ref. 14134] Springs at Yany-Kurgan; Syr Darya River, Tajikistan. Syntypes: (2) ZIN 24344 (1). On p. 19 of separate. See Coad 1981:9 [ref. 22348]. •Synonym of Aspius aspius (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies taeniatus Eichwald 1831 -- (Berg 1949:607 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Aspius aspius (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Lelek 1987:150 [ref. 22962], Mitrofanov et al. 1987:173 [ref. 37731]). •Synonym of Aspius aspius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:47 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus 1758) based on placement of aspius. Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

idbarus, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:324 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Swedish lakes. No types known. Incorrectly spelled ibdarus by Bonnaterre 1788:198 [ref. 4940]. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:25 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:67 [ref. 22952], Fricke 1999:24 [ref. 24101]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

idella, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:362 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] China. No types known. •Valid as Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes 1844) [some as idellus, correct is idella, an indeclinable noun] -- (Berg 1949:597 [ref. 20661], Okada 1961:738 [ref. 6363], Yang & Hwang 1964:13 [ref. 13497], Lee et al. 1980:151 [ref. 22416], Coad 1981:10 [ref. 22348], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:58 [ref. 6441], Wang 1984:36 [ref. 22951], Kuang in Kuang et al. 1986:44 [ref. 26639] as idellus, with authors as Cuvier & Valenciennes, Smith 1986:120 [ref. 22186], Ortega & Vari 1986:6 [ref. 9708], Robison & Buchanan 1988:174 [ref. 23393], Chen & Li in Chu & Chen 1989:40 [ref. 13584], Paulin et al. 1989:81 [ref. 24556], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:282 [ref. 25598], Zheng et al. 1989:77 [ref. 21202], McAllister 1990:59 [ref. 14674], Tomelleri & Eberle 1990:82 [ref. 24089], Page & Burr 1991:63 [ref. 18983], Pethiyagoda 1991:62 [ref. 20075], Song in Pan et al. 1991:83 [ref. 23876], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:175 [ref. 20764], Coad 1991:16 [ref. 15702], Boschung 1992:45 [ref. 23239], Mitrofanov et al. 1992:126 [ref. 37756], Etnier & Starnes 1993:144 [ref. 22809], Kottelat et al. 1993:34 [ref. 23448], Skelton 1993:190 [ref. 24071], Ding 1994:140 [ref. 21531], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:277 [ref. 21581], Baxter & Stone 1995:62 [ref. 23374], Coad 1995:16 [ref. 23608], Yang & Chen 1995:34 [ref. 23555], Cross & Collins 1995:54 [ref. 23394], Zhu 1995:29 [ref. 25213], Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:44 [ref. 22798], Coad 1996:84 [ref. 25304], Mettee et al. 1996:155 [ref. 25836], Cheng & Zhou 1997:114 [ref. 26385] as idellus, with authors as Cuvier & Valenciennes, Kottelat 1997:56 [ref. 22952], Kim 1997:512 [ref. 24032], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:736 [ref. 24702], Vu & Nguyen 1997:26 [ref. 26438] as idellus, Chen in Chen 1998:102 [ref. 23556], Bogutskaya 1998:89 [ref. 23589], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:102 [ref. 23878], Scott & Crossman 1998:vii [ref. 24570], Bíró 1999:305 [ref. 24857], Fuller et al. 1999:50 [ref. 25838], Dyer 2000:89 [ref. 26678], Lyons et al. 2000:64 [ref. 26594], Nakabo 2000:263 [ref. 25086], Rafique 2000:324 [ref. 25220], Azeroual et al. 2000:20 [ref. 25366], Sheiko & Fedorov 2000:17 [ref. 25650], Matsuura et al. 2000:76 [ref. 26000], Tang et al. 2001:12 [ref. 25373], Kottelat 2001:20 [ref. 25482], Kottelat 2001:43 [ref. 25780], Gabrielyan 2001:27 [ref. 25867], Ross et al. 2001:133 [ref. 25978], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:44 [ref. 26178], Wang et al. 2001:80 [ref. 26566] as idellus and authors as Cuvier & Valenciennes, Skelton 2001:1906 [ref. 27406], Kim & Park 2002:60 [ref. 25913], Nakabo 2002:263 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:157, 512 [ref. 26218] as idellus, Raju Thomas et al. 2002:49 [ref. 26359] as idellus, Moyle 2002:176 [ref. 26449] with author as Steindachner, Mirza 2003:12 [ref. 27265], López et al. 2003:9 [ref. 27366] as idellus, Wydoski & Whitney 2003:122 [ref. 27816], Nelson et al. 2004:68 [ref. 27807], Hanel 2003:49 [ref. 27894] as idellus, Seegers et al. 2003:33 [ref. 28087], Boschung & Mayden 2004:157 [ref. 27995], Menni 2004:71 [ref. 28131] as Ctenopharingodon idellus, Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:50 [ref. 28183], Hanel & Lusk 2005:206 [ref. 28804], Scharpf 2005:12 [ref. 28940], Kottelat 2006:29 [ref. 28831], Fricke et al. 2007:38 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:293 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:334 [ref. 30085], Shrestha 2008:61 [ref. 29923], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:165 [ref. 31251], Minckley & Marsh 2009:176 [ref. 31114], Matamoros et al. 2009:8 [ref. 31241], Coad 2010:163 [ref. 36620], Esmaeili et al. 2010:369 [ref. 33391], Page & Burr 2011:153 [ref. 31215], Gurung et al. 2013:4882 [ref. 32969], Khalaf 2013:4 [ref. 37897], Kottelat 2013:91 [ref. 32989], Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708], Barriga Salazar 2014:104 [ref. 35745], Parin et al. 2014:74 [ref. 33547], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:870 [ref. 34062], McDowall & Stewart 2015:313 [ref. 34241], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:68 [ref. 34894], Barbieri et al. 2015:51 [ref. 35029], Esmaeili et al. 2015:120 [ref. 35030], Mirande & Koerber 2015:10 [ref. 35117], Çiçek et al. 2015:145 [ref. 35151], Zhang et al. 2016:52 [ref. 34477], Bertaco et al. 2016:435 [ref. 34561], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:658 [ref. 34853], Semenchenko et al. 2016:186 [ref. 34974], Neumann et al. 2016:304 [ref. 35036], Nión et al. 2016:26 [ref. 35565], Esmaeili et al. 2017:43 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:25 [ref. 36089], Ćaleta et al. 2019:172 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108], Zhang et al. 2019:145 [ref. 36699] as idellus and authors as Cuvier & Valenciennes, Çiçek et al. 2020:254 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:98 [ref. 37983], Reis et al. 2020:456 [ref. 38364], Baikeche et al. 2021:959 [ref. 39080], Dyldin et al. 2021:21 [ref. 38804], Dyldin & Orlov 2021:64 [ref. 38158], Fu et al. 2021:9569 [ref. 39347], Guo 2021:104 [ref. 38617], Taki et al. 2021:109 [ref. 39830], Çiçek et al. 2022:4 [ref. 38985], Pozdeev et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39511], Bertaco & Azevedo 2023:3 [ref. 39997], Bertaco et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40740], Chan et al. 2023:137 [ref. 40365], Chen et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40668], Çiçek et al. 2023:31 [ref. 40326], Çiçek et al. 2023:19 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2023:376 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[13] [ref. 40328], Jamandre 2023:166 [ref. 40455], Loureiro et al. 2023:178 [ref. 40506], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2023:31 [ref. 40667], Nagy et al. 2023:356 [ref. 40348], Page et al. 2023:66 [ref. 40505], Saad et al. 2023:25 [ref. 40501], Shumka et al. 2023:37 [ref. 40747], Çiçek et al. 2024:182 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes 1844). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: East Asia: China and Russia. Widely introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

idus, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:324 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] European freshwaters. No types known. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:24 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Valid as Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758), as a valid subspecies -- (Mitrofanov et al. 1987:103 [ref. 37731], Kozhara et al. 2023:445 [632] [ref. 40779]). •Valid as Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:564 [ref. 20661], Yang & Hwang 1964:32 [ref. 13497], Lee et al. 1980:205 [ref. 22416], Coad 1981:11 [ref. 22348], Lelek 1987:203 [ref. 22962], Page & Burr 1991:65 [ref. 18983], Zhu 1995:30 [ref. 25213], Chereshnev 1996:600 [ref. 24659], Coad 1996:84 [ref. 25304], Kottelat 1997:67 [ref. 22952], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:738 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:64 [ref. 23589], Koch & Paepke 1998:162 [ref. 23652], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:64 [ref. 23878], Fricke 1999:24 [ref. 24101], Fuller et al. 1999:87 [ref. 25838], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Sideleva 2001:50 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:9 [ref. 27815], Hanel 2003:49 [ref. 27894], Nelson et al. 2004:72 [ref. 27807], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:85 [ref. 28183], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:169 [ref. 28369], Hanel & Lusk 2005:197 [ref. 28804], Kottelat 2006:39 [ref. 28831], Ocock et al. 2006:39 [ref. 28933], Fricke 2007:28 [ref. 30577], Fricke et al. 2007:41 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:206 [ref. 29996], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Page & Burr 2011:155 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:72 [ref. 32708], Parin et al. 2014:82 [ref. 33547], McDowall & Stewart 2015:317 [ref. 34241], Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151], Zhang et al. 2016:53 [ref. 34477], Romanov et al. 2017:821 [ref. 35687], Dolgov et al. 2018:43 [ref. 41055], Ćaleta et al. 2019:161 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108], Pozdeev et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39511], Çiçek et al. 2023:35 [ref. 40326], Dyldin et al. 2023:[32] [ref. 40328], Nagy et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40348], Page et al. 2023:71 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Europe. Widely introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

illyricus, Squalius Heckel [J. J.] & Kner [R.] 1857:195, Fig. 108 [Die Süsswasserfische der Österreichischen Monarchie; ref. 2078] Isonzo, Knin and Sign rivers, Dalmatia, Croatia. Syntypes: NMW 49313 (7), 49315 (3), 49322 (1), 49324 (1), 49331 (2), 49339-41 (1, 1, 1), . •Doubtfully valid as Leuciscus illyricus -- (Bianco & Knezevic 1987:49 [ref. 21912]). •Valid as Leuciscus ilyricus (Heckel & Kner 1857) -- (Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079], Kottelat 1997:67 [ref. 22952], Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975]). •Valid as Squalius illyricus Heckel & Kner 1857 -- (Bogutskaya 1994:617 [ref. 23569], Sanjur et al. 2003:22 [ref. 28742], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:266 [ref. 29996], Zupančič 2008:42 [ref. 29926], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Zupančič et al. 2010:155 [ref. 31002], Perea et al. 2010:13 [ref. 31802], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:107 [ref. 31360], Ćaleta et al. 2015:93 [ref. 34877], Ćaleta et al. 2019:166 [ref. 37026], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174]). Current status: Valid as Squalius illyricus Heckel & Kner 1857. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Croatia. Habitat: freshwater.

ilmenensis, Leuciscus lucidus var. Warpachowski [N. A.] 1886:63, Fig. [Zapiski Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk, Sankt Petersburg v. 53; ref. 14466] Lake Llmen [Il'men'] and Volkhov River, Russia. Syntypes: ZIN 7105 (5) Il'men', 7124 (3) Il'men, 71117 (2) Volkhov, 7135 (4) Volkhov. •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:746 [ref. 20661], Kottelat 1997:46 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

intermedius, Squalius Kessler [K. F.] 1872:60 [16], Pl. 10 (fig. 23) [Izvestiia Imperatorskago Obschchestva Liubitelei Estestvozaniia, Antropologii i Etnografii v. 10 (no. 1); ref. 14134] Zeravshan River basin, Uzbekistan. Syntypes: (4) ZIN 2315 (1, not present in 1997). Type catalog: Svetovidova 1978:262 [ref. 9011] with ZISP 2315 as holotype. On p. 16 of separate. •Synonym of Leuciscus lehmanni Brandt 1852 -- (Berg 1949:548 [ref. 20661]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus lehmanni Brandt 1852. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

iris, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:255, Pl. 496 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] New York, U.S.A. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-3921. Paralectotypes: MNHN 0000-3928 (4) Carolina. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:60 [ref. 19574] with a holotype, Gilbert 1998:97 [ref. 23395]. The original description contained 2 localities so no holotype established originally, Gilbert 1998:97 [ref. 23395] assumed a lectotype was established by Bertin & Estève by use of holotype, but that is incorrect. Lectotype established by Gilbert 1998:97 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill 1818) -- (Smith 1986:155 [ref. 22186], Gilbert 1998:97 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill 1818). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

jaculus, Alburnellus Cope [E. D.] 1867:387 [Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (New Series) v. 13 (pt 3) (art. 13); ref. 910] St. Josephs River and its tributary Dawagiac River, Berrien County, Michigan, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 2577 (1) Flint River, ?BMNH 1868.1.10.24 (3) Walker Creek, MCZ 4688 (2) St. Josephs River and Dowagiac Creek, MNHN 0000-4688 (2) Dowagiac Creek. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:66 [ref. 19574], Böhlke 1984:80 [ref. 13621] as syntypes; Gilbert 1978:39, 51 [ref. 7042] treats Cope in Günther 1868 as the original description. See also Leuciscus copii Günther 1868. Lectotype perhaps established by Fowler 1910:290, Pl. 20 (fig. 47). •Synonym of Notropis rubellus (Agassiz 1850) -- (Gilbert 1978:51 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:97 [ref. 23395], Wood et al. 2002:39 [ref. 26600]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis rubellus (Agassiz 1850). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

jaxartensis, Aspius rapax var. Kessler [K. F.] 1874:27 [Izvestiia Imperatorskago Obschchestva Liubitelei Estestvozaniia, Antropologii i Etnografii v. 11; ref. 2596] Syr-Darya River, central Asia. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. On p. 19 of separate. •Synonym of Aspius aspius (Linnaeus 1758) subspecies taeniatus Eichwald 1831 -- (Berg 1949:607 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Aspius aspius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:47 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus 1758) based on placement of aspius. Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

jeholi, Leuciscus Howes [G. J.] 1984:291 [Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology v. 47 (no. 5); ref. 5312] Unneeded replacement name for Leuciscus mongolicus Oshima 1926, preoccupied, but replaced earlier by Leuciscus oshimae Fowler 1958. •Synonym of Genghis mongolicus (Kessler 1876) -- (Howes 1984:290 [ref. 5312]). •Questionably a synonym of Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Kottelat 2006:39 [ref. 28831]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

jesella, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:360 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] China. No types known. Cyprinidae. Habitat: freshwater.

jeses, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:325 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Germany. No types known. Spelled ieses by Gmelin 1770:59 [ref. 18140]. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:24 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:564 [ref. 20661], Kottelat 1997:67 [ref. 22952], Fricke 1999:24 [ref. 24101], Sideleva 2001:50 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:9 [ref. 27815]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

joholensis, Leuciscus (Idus) waleckii Kimura [Sh.] 1934:13, Pl. 3 (fig. 1) [Journal of the Shanghai Science Institute (Section 3) v. 3; ref. 13892] Cheng-teh [Chengde], River Je-ho, China. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Luo in Chen et al. 1998:66 [ref. 23878], Kottelat 2006:39 [ref. 28831], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:661 [ref. 34853]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

jouyi, Leuciscus Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1901:741, Pl. 31 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 23 (no. 1235); ref. 2504] Sasuna, Tsushima Province, Japan. Holotype: USNM 45228. Paratypes: CAS-SU 6376 (7), USNM 75164 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:33 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Moroco jouyi (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) -- (Okada 1961:492 [ref. 6363], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:57 [ref. 6441]). •Synonym of Phoxinus oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874), but a valid subspecies -- (Watanabe 1998:262 [ref. 23491], Sato et al. 1998:31 [ref. 24972], Mizuno et al. 1999:6 [ref. 25311], Nakabo 2000:264 [ref. 25086], Matsuura et al. 2000:102 [ref. 26000], Nakabo 2002:264 [ref. 26001]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) but as a valid subspecies jouyi -- (Dyldin & Orlov 2016:665 [ref. 34853], Hata et al. 2019:15 [ref. 36849], Saiki et al. 2023:69 [ref. 40766]). •Valid as Rhynchocypris jouyi (Jordan & Snyder 1901). Current status: Valid as Rhynchocypris jouyi (Jordan & Snyder 1901). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Distribution: East Asia: Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

jurinii, Leuciscus Dybowski [B. N.] 1862:230 [Archiv für die Naturkunde Liv-, Ehst- und Kurlands. Zweiter Serie. Biologische Naturkunde. Dorpat v. 3; ref. 1168] Lake Geneva, Switzerland and France. See Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952] for types. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

kalochroma, Leuciscus Bleeker [P.] 1851:272 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1 (no. 3); ref. 325] Bandjarmasin, Borneo, Indonesia. Lectotype: RMNH 4983. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1866.5.2.156 (1), ?NMVC 46545 (1), RMNH 9045 (5). Lectotype selected by Alfred 1963:130 [ref. 20554]. •Valid as Rasbora kalochroma (Bleeker 1851) -- (Brittan 1954:191 [ref. 646], Roberts 1989:74 [ref. 6439], Kottelat et al. 1993:47 [ref. 23448], Lim 1995:65 [ref. 21729], Kottelat & Lim 1996:234 [ref. 23210], Doi 1997:12 [ref. 22832], Ng & Tan 1999:354 [ref. 24159], Doi et al. 2001:16 [ref. 25691], Liao et al. 2010:166 [ref. 30521], Kottelat 2013:153 [ref. 32989], Britz & Tan 2018:343 [ref. 36209], Ng et al. 2019:527 [ref. 36606], Sholihah et al. 2020:3 [ref. 37317]). Current status: Valid as Rasbora kalochroma (Bleeker 1851). Danionidae: Rasborinae. Distribution: Southeast Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

keadicus, Leuciscus (Telestes) souffia Stephanidis [A.] 1971:198, Fig. 9 [Biologia Gallo-Hellenica v. 3 (no. 2) (for 1970); ref. 7540] Evrotas River, Peloponnese, Greece. Syntypes: (21) MZUTH. •Valid as Leuciscus keadicus Stephanidis 1971 -- (Lelek 1987:210 [ref. 22962] as kaedicus, Economidis 1996:303 [ref. 22592], Kottelat 1997:67 [ref. 22952], Ketmaier et al. 1998:47 [ref. 23809]). •Valid as Squalius keadicus (Stephanidis 1971) -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:23 [ref. 28742], Freyhof et al. 2006:418 [ref. 28484], Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:266 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:107 [ref. 31360], Perea et al. 2010:4 [ref. 31802], Barbieri et al. 2015:65 [ref. 35029], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174]). Current status: Valid as Squalius keadicus (Stephanidis 1971). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Greece. Habitat: freshwater.

kietaibeli, Cyprinus Reisinger [J.] 1830:77 [Specimen ichthyologiae sistens pisces aquarium dulcium Hungariae; ref. 18620] Lake Balaton, Hungary. No types known. •Mentioned as kittaibeli by Valenciennes 1844:380 [ref. 1010]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

kosswigi, Leuciscus Karaman [M. S.] 1972:146, Fig. 12 [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 69; ref. 2561] Gumuldur [Gümüldür], south from Izmir, Turkey. Holotype: ZMH H4555. Paratypes: ZMH H4556 (2). Type catalog: Wilkens 1977:158 [ref. 22013]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bogutskaya 1997:173 [ref. 23566]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •Valid as Squalius kosswigi (Karaman 1972) -- (Turan et al. 2009:60 [ref. 30540], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:108 [ref. 31360], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:15 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:412 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:258 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Squalius kosswigi (Karaman 1972). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Mediterranean Sea tributary, Izmir Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

kurui, Leuciscus Bogutskaya [N. G.] 1995:150, Fig. 1 [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 92; ref. 23567] Yüksekova süyü in Upper Tigris River [Dicle Nehri] basin, east of Hakkâri, Hakkâri Province, southeastern Turkey. Holotype: ZMH 7361. Paratypes: ZMH 8413 (3). •Valid as Leuciscus kurui Bogutskaya 1995 -- (Bogutskaya 1997:173 [ref. 23566]). •Valid as Squalius kurui (Bogutskaya 1995) -- (Turan et al. 2009:60 [ref. 30540]). •Valid as Petroleuciscus kurui (Bogutskaya 1995) -- (Bogutskaya 2002:236 [ref. 26837], Fricke et al. 2007:43 [ref. 29533], Coad & Bogutskaya 2010:37 [ref. 30930], Perea et al. 2010:13 [ref. 31802], Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151], Mohammadian-Kalat et al. 2017:487 [ref. 35603], Turan et al. 2018:[11] [ref. 35758]). •Valid as Alburnus kurui (Bogutskaya 1995) -- (Çiçek et al. 2018:10 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:115 [ref. 35889], Çiçek et al. 2020:251 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:392 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:219 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Alburnus kurui (Bogutskaya 1995). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Yüksekova wetland, upper Tigris River basin (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

kutum, Leuciscus frisii var. Kamensky [S. N.] 1901:23 [German p. 154], Pl. 12 [Die Cypriniden der Kaukasusländer und ihrer angrenzenden Meere. 2.; ref. 14761] Southern Caspian Sea and tributaries. Syntypes: ?ZMT, none at ZIN. •Synonym of Rutilus frisii (Nordmann 1840), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Kazanskii 1928:13 [ref. 14268], Berg 1949:534 [ref. 20661], Mitrofanov et al. 1987:72 [ref. 37731], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:741 [ref. 24702]). •Valid as Rutilus frisii (Nordmann 1840), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Coad 1995:20 [ref. 23608], Parin et al. 2014:91 [ref. 33547]). •Synonym of Rutilus frisii (Nordmann 1840), subspecies caspius (Lönnberg 1900) -- (Bogutskaya 1997:178 [ref. 23566]). •Questionably in the synonymy of Rutilus frisii (Nordmann 1840) -- (Kottelat 1997:78 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Rutilus frisii (Nordmann 1840) -- (Bogutskaya 1998:69 [ref. 23589]). •Valid as Rutilus kutum (Kamensky 1901) -- (Bogutskaya & Iliadou 2006:294 [ref. 28494], Fricke et al. 2007:46 [ref. 29533], Esmaeili et al. 2010:371 [ref. 33391], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:879 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:36 [ref. 36089], Dyldin et al. 2020:81, 105 [ref. 37569], Kaya et al. 2020:328 [ref. 37582], Dyldin et al. 2023:[34] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Rutilus kutum (Kamensky 1901). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: Caspian Sea basin. Habitat: freshwater.

lancastriensis, Cyprinus Shaw [G.] 1804:234 [General zoology or systematic natural history; ref. 4015] Mersey River near Warrington, England. No types known. Based on literature source. •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

lapacinus, Leuciscus Stefani [R.], Serra [G. P.], Loffredo [F.] & Fossa [I.] 1987:15, Pls. 1, 2 (fig. 2) [Atti del Regio Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti v. 145; ref. 17733] Southern Croce Lake, Alpago, Italy. Holotype: IZUCS. Paratypes: IZUCS (11). •Hybrid between Alburnus alburnus x Leuciscus cephalus -- (Bianco 1988:152 [ref. 22383], Kottelat 1997:184 [ref. 22952], Bianco & Delmastro 2011:4 [ref. 31648]). •Hybrid between Alburnus alburnus x Squalius cephalus. Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

lapponicus, Leuciscus idus var. Günther [A.] 1868:230 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Munio River, Sweden and Finland. Syntypes: (at least 6) BMNH. •Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:67 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

lascha, Leuciscus Costa [O. G.] 1838:Cyprinoides p. 19, Pl. 16 [Fauna del regno di Napoli Part 1; ref. 976] Italy. Syntypes: MNHN 0194 (1) Lake Fucino, near Naples. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:58 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1118-1119 [ref. 20712]. •Synonym of Rutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Bianco & Taraborelli 1985:136 [ref. 21914], Kottelat 1997:80 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Sarmarutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837). Current status: Synonym of Sarmarutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

lateralis, Leuciscus McClelland [J.] 1839:292, 405 [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Northern Bengal. No types known. Replacement name for Rasbora anjana Hamilton 1822. •Synonym of Parluciosoma daniconius (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1999:50 [ref. 24904]). •Synonym of Rasbora daniconius (Hamilton 1822) -- (Brittan 1954:136 [ref. 646] with question, Kottelat 2013:152 [ref. 32989] with question). Current status: Synonym of Rasbora daniconius (Hamilton 1822). Danionidae: Rasborinae. Habitat: freshwater.

lateristriatus, Leuciscus Bleeker [P.] (ex van Hasselt) 1854:94 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 16939] Java, Indonesia. Lectotype: RMNH 4969. Paralectotypes: (13) BMNH 1866.5.2.153 (1); ?NMV 46544 (1), RMNH 9089 (3), 17486 [ex RMNH 9089] (3); ZMA 103232 (1). Type information: Roberts 1993:21 [ref. 21799] but differing from Alfred 1963. Lectotype selected by Alfred 1963:131 [ref. 20554]; collection mixed. •Valid as Rasbora lateristriata (Bleeker 1854) -- (Brittan 1954:37 [ref. 646], Ye & Song in Pan et al. 1991:70 [ref. 23876] as laternstriata, Roberts 1993:22 [ref. 21799], Kottelat et al. 1993:47 [ref. 23448], Doi 1997:12 [ref. 22832], Liao et al. 2009:[4] [ref. 30521], Liao et al. 2010:166 [ref. 30521], Kottelat 2013:153 [ref. 32989]. Lumbantobing 2014:23 [ref. 33163], Hubert et al. 2019:9 [ref. 36547], Sholihah et al. 2020:3 [ref. 37317], Hasan et al. 2022:6035 [ref. 39888], Jamandre 2023:166 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Rasbora lateristriata (Bleeker 1854). Danionidae: Rasborinae. Distribution: Southeast Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

latifrons, Leuciscus Nilsson [S.] 1855:309 [Skandinavisk fauna; ref. 3205] Sweden; Finland. Syntypes: NRM (not found). •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

latus, Squalius Keyserling [E. von] 1861:21 [24], Pl. 9 [Zeitschrift für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften v. 17 (no. 1); ref. 2601] Heri Rud River near Herat, Afghanistan. Holotype (unique): No types saved. •Possibly a subspecies of Leuciscus lehmanni Brandt 1852 -- (Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608]). •Valid as Leuciscus latus (Keyserling 1861) -- (Berg 1949:549 [ref. 20661], Coad 1981:11 [ref. 22348], Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608] with question, Coad 1996:71 [ref. 25297], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Coad & Abdoli 2000:56 [ref. 25296], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:874 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:30 [ref. 36089]). •Valid as Squalius latus Keyserling 1861 -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:148 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2023:37 [ref. 40326], Çiçek et al. 2024:259 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Squalius latus Keyserling 1861. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Middle East and South Asia: Hari River basin (Afghanistan and Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

ledae, Leuciscus Warpachowski [N. A.] 1892:151, Fig. 4 [Vestnik Rybopromyshlennosti St. Petersburg v. 7 (no. 4); ref. 19484] Vladivostok, Russia. Holotype (unique): ZIN 9222. •Synonym of Leuciscus brandtii (Dybowski 1872) -- (Berg 1949:570 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Tribolodon brandtii (Dybowski 1872) -- (Dyldin & Orlov 2016:666 [ref. 34853]). •Synonym of Pseudaspius brandtii (Dybowski 1872). Current status: Synonym of Pseudaspius brandtii (Dybowski 1872). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

lehmanni, Leuciscus Brandt [J. F.] 1852:339 [Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Russischen Reiches und der angrenzenden Länder Asiens, auf Kosten der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften herausgegeben. v. 17; ref. 20900] Samarkand, Uzbekistan. •Valid as Leuciscus lehmanni Brandt 1852 -- (Berg 1949:548 [ref. 20661], Coad 1981:11 [ref. 22348], Mitrofanov 2000:42 [ref. 25139], Coad & Abdoli 2000:58 [ref. 25296], Çiçek et al. 2023:36 [ref. 40326]). Current status: Valid as Leuciscus lehmanni Brandt 1852. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Central Asia: Aral Sea system (Uzbekistan, Afghanistan). Habitat: freshwater.

lemmingii, Leuciscus Steindachner [F.] 1866:79 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe v. 3; ref. 21716] Guadiana River and tributaries near Merida; rivers Guadalquivir and Guadaira near Sevilla, Spain. Syntypes: NMW 52356-57 (4, 2), 52362 (2), 52366 (2), 52373 (4). Species first spelled as leminingii when described in the above abstract (apparently in error), spelling later appeared as lemmingii when later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1866:265 [p. 5 of separate], Pl. 1 [ref. 18777]. Also in Steindachner 1866:8, 9 [ref. 18757] as Chondrostoma lemmingii. •Valid as Rutilus lemmingii (Steindachner 1866) -- (Kottelat 1997:78 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Chondrostoma lemmingii (Steindachner 1866) -- (Doadrio & Carmona 2003:30 [ref. 28132], Coelho et al. 2005:202 [ref. 28430], Gante et al. 2010:968 [ref. 35176], Çiftci et al. 2020:214 [ref. 37725]). •Valid as Iberochondrostoma lemmingii (Steindachner 1866) -- (Robalo et al. 2007:370 [ref. 28878], Doadrio & Elvira 2007:296 [ref. 29510], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:197 [ref. 29996], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802]). Current status: Valid as Iberochondrostoma lemmingii (Steindachner 1866). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southwestern Europe: Ibearian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal). Habitat: freshwater.

lepidus, Squalius Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1079 [89] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Tigris River, Mosul, Iraq. Lectotype: NMW 49342 (spec. 1). Paralectotypes: NMW 49342 (spec. 2), 49343-44 (2, 1); SMF 847 [ex NMW in 1844] (1). Illustrated by Heckel 1843, Pl. 10 (fig. 2) [ref. 2067]. On p. 89 of separate [ref. 2067]. Lectotype selected by Bogutskaya 1994:603 [ref. 23569]. •Valid as Leuciscus lepidus (Heckel 1843) -- (Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Bogutskaya 1994:603 [ref. 23569], Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608], Bogutskaya 1997:173 [ref. 23566], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Fricke et al. 2007:41 [ref. 29533]). •Valid as Squalius lepidus Heckel 1843 -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:22 [ref. 28742], Turan et al. 2009:57 [ref. 30540], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Coad 2010:196 [ref. 36620], Esmaeili et al. 2010:371 [ref. 33391], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:107 [ref. 31360], Turan et al. 2013:309 [ref. 32584], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:880 [ref. 34062], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Khaefi et al. 2016:156 [ref. 34748], Esmaeili et al. 2016:118, 125 [ref. 34985], Turan et al. 2017:2 [ref. 35136], Esmaeili et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:38 [ref. 36089], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:149 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2023:22 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2023:412 [ref. 40625], Saad et al. 2023:32 [ref. 40501], Çiçek et al. 2024:260 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Squalius lepidus Heckel 1843. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Asi Nehri (Orontes), Quwayq, Euphrates and Tigris River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran). Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

leptosoma, Leuciscus Bleeker [P.] 1855:269 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 9 (no. 2); ref. 351] Lahat, Palembang Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Lectotype: RMNH 4981. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1866.5.2.157 (1). Lectotype selected by Alfred 1963:131 [ref. 20554]. •Possibly a senior synonym of Rasbora borneensis Bleeker 1860 -- (Kottelat 2012:83 [ref. 31848]). •Valid as Rasbora leptosoma (Bleeker 1855) -- (Brittan 1954:133 [ref. 646], Kottelat et al. 1993:47 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Lim 1996:234 [ref. 23210], Doi 1997:12 [ref. 22832], Liao et al. 2010:166 [ref. 30521], Kottelat 2013:153 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Rasbora leptosoma (Bleeker 1855). Danionidae: Rasborinae. Distribution: Sumatra. Habitat: freshwater.

lepusculus, Squalius Heckel [J. J.] 1852:109, Pl. 11 (figs. 1-4) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 9; ref. 18260] Danube River headwaters, Austria, Poland and Czech Republic. Syntypes: NMW 49393 (2), 49345 (2), 49347-48 (2, 1), 49359 (2). •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

leuciscus, Alestes Günther [A.] 1867:114 [5] [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 3) v. 20 (no. 116) (art. 15); ref. 1989] Niger, West Africa (purchased). Syntypes: BMNH 1865.1.20.16-17 (2). On p. 5 of separate. •Valid as Alestes leuciscus Günther 1867 -- (Paugy 1984:150 [ref. 6183]). •Valid as Bryconalestes leuciscus (Günther 1867) -- (Boden & Geelhand de Merxem 2024:33 [ref. 40817]). •Valid as Brycinus leuciscus (Günther 1867) -- (Lévêque et al. 1989:115 [ref. 26480], Paugy in Lévêque et al. 1990:209 [ref. 21589], Lévèque et al. 1991:139 [ref. 31367], Dankwa et al. 1999:19 [ref. 28023], Hauber et al. 2011:81 [ref. 31428], Stiassny et al. 2023:599 [ref. 40595]). Current status: Valid as Brycinus leuciscus (Günther 1867). Alestidae. Distribution: Western Africa: Senegal to Niger. Habitat: freshwater.

leuciscus, Cheirodon Ahl [E.] 1936:19 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 114 (nos 1/2); ref. 13683] Rosario de Sante Fé, Argentina. Lectotype: ZMB 20802. Paralectotypes: ZMB 32432 (3). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847], Zarske & Géry 1995:108, Fig. 5 [ref. 22674]. Lectotype selected by Zarske & Géry 1995:108 [ref. 22674]. •Synonym of Cheirodon interruptus (Jenyns 1842) -- (Zarske & Géry 1995:118 [ref. 22674], Malabarba 1998:215 [ref. 23844], Zarske 2001:15 [ref. 25834], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:216 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:11 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:19 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Synonym of Cheirodon interruptus (Jenyns 1842). Characidae: Cheirodontinae. Habitat: freshwater.

leuciscus, Creagrutus Regan [C. T.] 1913:463 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 12 (no. 71); ref. 3656] Río Condoto, Río San Juan basin, southwestern Colombia. Lectotype: BMNH 1913.10.1.6. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1910.1.11.170 (1), 1913.10.1.7 (1). Lectotype selected by Harold & Vari 1994:26 [ref. 21969]. •Synonym of Creagrutus affinis Steindachner 1880 -- (Harold & Vari 1994:23 [ref. 21969], Vari & Harold 2001:2 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:121 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Creagrutus leuciscus Regan 1913 -- (Román-Valencia & Cala 1997:145 [ref. 30645], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:57 [ref. 35633], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2018:352 [ref. 36150], Ardila Rodríguez 2020:12 [ref. 37904], Ardila Rodríguez 2021:16 [ref. 38586], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:12 [ref. 40275]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus leuciscus Regan 1913. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Río San Juan basin, Chocó, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

leuciscus, Curimatus Günther [A.] 1868:479 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 1 (no. 6) (art. 56); ref. 1992] Río Huallaga, Amazon River system, Amazonas, Peru. Lectotype: BMNH 1867.6.13.53. Paralectotype: BMNH 1867.6.13.54 (1). Also appeared in Günther 1868:239 [ref. 5756]. Species epithet is an indeclineable noun. Lectotype selected by Vari 1991:34 [ref. 19019]. •Valid as Curimata leuciscus Günther 1868 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708] as leucisca). •Valid as Steindachnerina leuciscus (Günther 1868) [often seen as leucisca] -- (Vari 1991:27 [ref. 19019], Chang & Ortega 1995:6 [ref. 24302], Pavanelli & Britski 1999:216 [ref. 24224], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:61 [ref. 27061], Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2011:527 [ref. 31707], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Dillman & Vari 2024:329 [ref. 40817] as leucisca). Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina leuciscus (Günther 1868). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

leuciscus, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:323 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Central Europe. No types known. Type catalog: Wheeler 1985:31-32 [ref. 20705]. •Valid as Cyprinus leuciscus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Herrera 1896:21 [ref. 39336]). •Valid as Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758), as a valid subspecies -- (Mitrofanov et al. 1987:78 [ref. 37731], Parin et al. 2014:82 [ref. 33547]). •Valid as Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:545 [ref. 20661], Lelek 1987:207 [ref. 22962], Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:738 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:64 [ref. 23589], Briolay et al. 1998:101 [ref. 25586], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Hanel 2003:48 [ref. 27894], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:85 [ref. 28183], Hanel & Lusk 2005:193 [ref. 28804], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:207 [ref. 29996], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:167 [ref. 31251], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Dolgov et al. 2018:45 [ref. 41055], Ćaleta et al. 2019:161 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108], Pozdeev et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39511], Çiçek et al. 2023:53 [ref. 40326], Dyldin et al. 2023:[33] [ref. 40328], Nagy et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40348]). Current status: Valid as Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Europe and northwestern Asia. Introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

leuciscus, Dules Jenyns [L.] 1840:17 [The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Beagle; ref. 2344] Matavai River, Tahiti, Society Islands. No types known. •Synonym of Kuhlia malo (Valenciennes 1831) -- (Randall & Randall 2001:231 [ref. 25399]). Current status: Synonym of Kuhlia malo (Valenciennes 1831). Kuhliidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

leuciscus, Eleotris Bleeker [P.] 1853:278 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 4 (no. 2); ref. 12580] Western Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 4669. •Valid as Hypseleotris leuciscus (Bleeker 1853) -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:134 [ref. 23448], Larson et al. 2008:138 [ref. 29532], Kottelat 2013:394 [ref. 32989], Parenti 2021:48 [ref. 38603]). •Synonym of Hypseleotris cyprinoides (Valenciennes 1837) -- (Thacker & Unmack 2005:2 [ref. 28186], Keith & Mennesson 2023:19 [ref. 40181]). Current status: Synonym of Hypseleotris cyprinoides (Valenciennes 1837). Eleotridae: Eleotrinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

leuciscus, Equula Günther [A.] 1860:503 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 2; ref. 1963] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1858.4.21.243. •Valid as Leiognathus leuciscus (Günther 1860) -- (Uyeno & Yabumoto in Masuda et al. 1984:158 [ref. 6441], Jones 1985:590 [ref. 21842], Allen & Swainston 1988:76 [ref. 25477], Krishnan & Mishra 1994:289 [ref. 24014], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:348 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:118 [ref. 23977], Nakabo 2000:812 [ref. 25086], Woodland in Randall & Lim 2000:617 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Woodland et al. 2001:2810 [ref. 26095], Nakabo 2002:812 [ref. 26001], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S108 [ref. 27377], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:83 [ref. 27510], Adrim et al. 2004:121 [ref. 27715], Sparks & Dunlap 2004:7 [ref. 27928], Hoese & Bray 2006:1180 [ref. 29000]). •Valid as Photoplagios leuciscus (Günther 1860) -- (Sparks et al. 2005:315 [ref. 28434], Sparks 2006:1 [ref. 28783], Sparks & Chakrabarty 2007:622 [ref. 29261], Yamanoue & Toda 2008:205 [ref. 29613]). •Valid as Equulites leuciscus (Günther 1860) -- (Kimura et al. 2008:204 [ref. 29614], Chakrabarty & Sparks 2008:6 [ref. 29788], Kimura 2009:129 [ref. 30426], Chakrabarty et al. 2010:15 [ref. 30812], Chakrabarty et al. 2010:111 [ref. 31090], Abraham et al. 2011:13 [ref. 31311], Allen & Erdmann 2012:441 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:126 [ref. 32988], Kimura in Kimura et al. 2015:46 [ref. 34319], Psomadakis et al. 2015:234 [ref. 34104], Suzuki & Kimura 2017:[11] [ref. 35231], Fricke et al. 2018:189 [ref. 35805], Sparks & Chakrabarty 2019:9 [ref. 36798], Psomadakis et al. 2020:438 [ref. 37272], Sharifuzzaman et al. 2021:[3] [ref. 38872], Chakrabarty & Sparks 2022:420 [ref. 39869], Suzuki & Kimura 2023:29 [ref. 40749]). Current status: Valid as Equulites leuciscus (Günther 1860). Leiognathidae: Gazzinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Oman, Seychelles and Madagascar east to Philippines and Vanuatu, north to Taiwan and China, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

leuciscus, Haplochromis Regan [C. T.] 1922:714, Fig. 26 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1921 (pt 4) (no. 36); ref. 3673] Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Lectotype: BMNH 1921.9.6.188. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1908.10.27.85 (1). Lectotype selected by Eccles & Trewavas 1989:86 [ref. 13547]. •Valid as Nyassachromis leuciscus (Regan 1922) -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:84 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:300 [ref. 20944], Snoeks & Hanssens 2004:288 [ref. 28117], Konings 2016:328 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Nyassachromis leuciscus (Regan 1922). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

leuciscus, Myxus Günther [A.] 1872:666, Pl. 65 (fig. A) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871 (pt 3) (art. 1) (for 21 Nov. 1871); ref. 1997] Rarotonga Island, Cook Islands [South Pacific]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1871.9.13.135. •Valid as Chaenomugil leuciscus (Günther 1871) -- (Thomson 1997:477 [ref. 23428], Marquet et al. 1999:43 [ref. 23934], Lobel & Lobel 2004:68 [ref. 27576], Mundy 2005:277 [ref. 28379]). •Valid as Neomyxus leuciscus (Günther 1872) -- (Yoshino & Senou in Masuda et al. 1984:120 [ref. 6441], Myers 1999:71 [ref. 23965], Harrison & Senou 1999:2099 [ref. 24780], Randall 1999:16 [ref. 25829], Nakabo 2000:538 [ref. 25086], Randall & Earle 2000:14 [ref. 25806], Keith et al. 2002:102 [ref. 31473], Nakabo 2002:538 [ref. 26001], Myers & Donaldson 2003:614 [ref. 27495], Randall 2005:77 [ref. 28239], Randall 2007:136 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2011:369 [ref. 31242], Durand et al. 2012:693 [ref. 32366], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988] dated 1871, Durand 2016:33 [ref. 35589], Shen & Durand 2016:80 [ref 35591] as Günther 1871, Yoshigou 2022:9 [ref. 39640]). Current status: Valid as Neomyxus leuciscus (Günther 1872). Mugilidae. Distribution: Western and Central Pacific: western and central Pacific islands, east to Wake Atoll and Austral Island (French Polynesia), north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia. Habitat: brackish, marine.

leuciscus, Otolithus Günther [A.] 1872:398 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 10 (no. 59) (art. 56); ref. 18194] Manila Bay, Philippines. Syntypes: BMNH 1872.10.18.128-129 (2). •Synonym of Pennahia macrophthalmus (Bleeker 1850) -- (Trewavas 1977:314 [ref. 4459], Talwar 1995:37 [ref. 25194]). •Synonym of Pennahia aneus (Bloch 1793) -- (Parenti 2020:42 [ref. 37439] as anea). Current status: Synonym of Pennahia aneus (Bloch 1793). Sciaenidae. Habitat: marine.

leuciscus, Pristipoma Günther [A.] 1864:147 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864 (pt 1) (art. 3) (for 22 Mar. 1864); ref. 13930] San José, Guatemala; Chiapam [Puerto Chiapas, Chiapas, Mexico]. Syntypes: BMNH 1864.1.26.322 (1) San José, BMNH 1864.1.26.270-272 (3) Chiapam; ZMB 6318 (1). •Valid as Pomadasys leuciscus (Günther 1864) -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:153 [ref. 22193], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:376 [ref. 24555], Miller 2006:350 [ref. 28615]). •Valid as Haemulopsis leuciscus (Günther 1864) -- (McKay & Schneider in Fischer et al. 1995:1160 [ref. 22829], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:185 [ref. 24545], Rosales-Casián & Ruiz-Campos 1999:135 [ref. 24460], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:344 [ref. 24550], Nelson et al. 2004:145 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:124 [ref. 37547], Tavera et al. 2012:6 [ref. 32469], Angulo et al. 2013:1002 [ref. 33194], McMahan et al. 2013:450 [ref. 32422], Page et al. 2013:149 [ref. 32708], Barriga Salazar 2014:118 [ref. 35745], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:394 [ref. 34894], Romero-Berny et al. 2018:91 [ref. 35859], Parenti 2019:163 [ref. 37021], Love et al. 2021:163 [ref. 39279], Angulo et al. 2023:74 [ref. 40676], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:352 [ref. 40816], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Haemulopsis leuciscus (Günther 1864). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of Baja California (Mexico) south to Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

leucoides, Telestes De Filippi [F.] 1863:392 [Archivio per la Zoologia, l'Anatomia e la Fisiologia v. 2; ref. 18082] Batum [Batumi], Georgia, Eurasia. Syntypes: MZUT 671 (2); NMW 49720-21 (1, 1). Type catalog: Tortonese 1940:140 [ref. 21559]. Also in De Filippi 1865:359 [ref. 13943]. •Synonym of Leuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler 1859) -- (Berg 1949:560 [ref. 20661], Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566], Bogutskaya 1998:63 [ref. 23589]). •Synonym of Petroleuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler 1859) -- (Çiçek et al. 2024:236 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Petroleuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler 1859). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

lindbergi, Leuciscus Zanin [A.] & Eremejev [G.] 1934:1428, Pl. 1 [Bulletin de l'Academie des Sciences, Leningrad (Ser. 7) No. 9; ref. 15753] Talas River, Turkestan. •Valid as Leuciscus lindbergi Zanin & Eremejev 1934 -- (Berg 1949:550 [ref. 20661], Mitrofanov et al. 1987:93 [ref. 37731], Mitrofanov 2000:42 [ref. 25139]). Current status: Valid as Leuciscus lindbergi Zanin & Eremejev 1934. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: North Asia: Turkestan. Habitat: freshwater.

lineolatus, Alburnus Putnam [F. W.] 1863:9 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 1 (art. 1); ref. 3567] Osage River, tributary to Missouri River, Missouri, U.S.A. Syntypes: BMNH 1867.4.12.15 [ex MCZ] (1); MCZ (1, missing), 153941 (pharyngeal arches); SMNS 1161 (2, discarded in 1958); ZMB 5641 (?). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:55 [ref. 7042], Fricke 1995:10 [ref. 28100], Fricke 2005:31 [ref. 29864] with author as Putnam. Leuciscus lineatus Günther 1868:259 [ref. 1990] is regarded as a subsequent use and not a separate description. The name stramineus was conserved in Opinion 1991 of the ICZN in March 2002, and that name should be used as the valid name. The name lineolatus with author as Putnam was placed on the Official Index in Opinion 1991. •Probable senior synonym of Notropis stramineus (Cope 1865) -- (Gilbert 1978:55 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Notropis ludibundus (Girard 1856) -- (Gilbert 1998:104 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Miniellus stramineus (Cope 1865). Current status: Synonym of Miniellus stramineus (Cope 1865). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

lineolatus, Danio Bleeker [P.] 1863:247 [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeling Natuurkunde. v. 15; ref. 17011] Ceylon. Syntypes (3), whereabouts unknown. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Devario by Leuciscus lineolatus Blyth 1858. •Synonym of Devario monticola Batuwita, de Silva & Udugampala 2017 -- (Batuwita et al. 2017:170 [ref. 35544], Sudasinghe & Pethiyagoda 2019:423 [ref. 36449]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Devario monticola Batuwita, de Silva & Udugampala 2017. Danionidae: Danioninae. Habitat: freshwater.

lineolatus, Leuciscus Blyth [E.] 1858:289 [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 27 (no. 3); ref. 476] Darjiling [Darjeeing], Sikkim, India. No types known. •Synonym of Danio aequipinnatus McClelland 1839 -- (Barman 1991:23 [ref. 22192], Menon 1999:39 [ref. 24904]). •Synonym of Devario aequipinnatus (McClelland 1839) -- (Fang 2001:16 [ref. 25285], Kottelat 2013:98 [ref. 32989], Batuwita et al. 2017:176 [ref. 35544], Kullander et al. 2017:11 [ref. 35685]). Current status: Synonym of Devario aequipinnatus (McClelland 1839). Danionidae: Danioninae. Habitat: freshwater.

linnei, Aspius Malm [A. W.] 1877:567 [ ref. 2881] Original as Linnéi. Unneeded replacement name for Cyprinus aspius Linnaeus 1758 (to avoid "Strickland tautonomy"). •Synonym of Aspius aspius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:47 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus 1758) based on placement of aspius. Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

lividus, Leuciscus Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1039 [49] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Balaton Lake, and Marizza River, Hungary. Syntypes: NMW 49978-79 (2, 3). On p. 49 of separate [ref. 2067]. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

longirostris, Leuciscus Kirtland [J. P.] 1850:85, Fig. [The Family Visitor v. 1 (no. 11); ref. 23402] Yellow Creek, Poland, Mahoning County, Ohio, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:105 [ref. 23395]. •Senior homonym of Notropis longirostris (Hay 1881). •Probably a senior synonym of Notropis buccatus (Cope 1865) -- (Gilbert 1998:105 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis buccatus (Cope 1865). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

longispina, Equula De Vis [C. W.] 1884:542 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 9 (pt 3); ref. 4899] Cape York, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.878 [not AMS I.465]. Apparently described independently from (and preoccupied by) Equula longispinis Valenciennes 1835, replaced by Leiognathus hastatus Ogilby 1912. Objectively invalid. The holotype is QM I.878 and not AMS I.465 as given by Whitley 1932:107 [ref. 4675]. •Synonym of Leiognathus leuciscus (Günther 1860) -- (Jones 1985:590 [ref. 21842]). •Synonym of Equulites leuciscus (Günther 1860) -- (Suzuki & Kimura 2023:29 [ref. 40749]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Equulites leuciscus (Günther 1860). Leiognathidae: Gazzinae. Habitat: marine.

lucumonis, Leuciscus Bianco [P. G.] 1983:82, Fig. 1 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 64 (nos 1/3); ref. 8370] Stream between Campagnatico and Istia d'Ombrone villages, Ombrone River basin, Grosseto Province, Toscana, central Italy. Holotype: IZA 8238. Paratypes: BMNH 1982.10.6.1-3 or 1982.12.7.5-7 (3); IZA 8225-1 (1), 8225-2 (2), 8225-3 (19), 8237 (12); SMF 16967 (6). See Ketmaier et al. 1998:47 [ref. 23809] •Valid as Leuciscus lucumonis Bianco 1983 -- (Bianco & Taraborelli 1984 [ref. 21915], Kottelat 1997:69 [ref. 22952], Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:194 [ref. 26728]). •Valid as Squalius lucumonis (Bianco 1983) -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:22 [ref. 28742], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:267 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Bianco & Delmastro 2011:3 [ref. 31648], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:107 [ref. 31360], Bianco 2013:6 [ref. 32897], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174]). Current status: Valid as Squalius lucumonis (Bianco 1983). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southern Europe: Italy endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

lugdunensis, Cyprinus Walbaum [J. J.] 1792:29 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] Rhine River near Leiden, Netherlands. Holotype: BMNH 1853.11.12.128. Based on material of Gronovius. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

lutrensis, Leuciscus Baird [S. F.] & Girard [C. F.] 1853:391 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 6; ref. 165] Otter Creek, Arkansas [= tributary to North Fork of Red River, either Kiowa or Tillman County, southwestern Oklahoma], U.S.A. Syntypes: (5) USNM 104 (orig. 5, now 1). Subsequent material: MCZ 1685 [ex USNM 107] (1, discarded in 1938). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:57 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:107 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Notropis lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Gilbert 1978:57 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:285 [ref. 22416], Chernoff & Miller 1986:182 [ref. 6782], Robison & Buchanan 1988:216 [ref. 23393]). •Valid as Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Matthews 1987:616 [ref. 6774], Mayden 1989:49 [ref. 12555], Page & Burr 1991:123 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:46 [ref. 23239], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:11 [ref. 22290], Etnier & Starnes 1993:152 [ref. 22809], Warren et al. 1994:132 [ref. 25557], Richardson & Gold 1995:28 [ref. 22412], Baxter & Stone 1995:64 [ref. 23374], Cross & Collins 1995:56 [ref. 23394], Schmidt & Gold 1995:200 [ref. 22413], Mettee et al. 1996:161 [ref. 25836], Sigler & Sigler 1996:68 [ref. 25943], Fuller et al. 1999:63 [ref. 25838], Gilbert 1998:107 [ref. 23395], Lyons et al. 2000:64 [ref. 26594], Ross et al. 2001:142 [ref. 25978], Moyle 2002:168 [ref. 26449], Grose & Wiley 2002:1092 [ref. 26513], Nelson et al. 2004:69 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:92 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:168 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:13 [ref. 28940] with subspecies, Miller 2006:112 [ref. 28615], Minckley & Marsh 2009:178 [ref. 31114], Schönhuth & Mayden 2009:78 [ref. 38584], Page & Burr 2011:240 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:70 [ref. 32708], Conway & Kim 2016:334 [ref. 34355], Stout et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39738], Page et al. 2023:68 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: central U.S.A. to northern Mexico; widely introduced. Habitat: freshwater.

macedonicus, Leuciscus (Leucos) Steindachner [F.] 1892:377 [21] [131], Pl. 2 (fig. 2) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 59 (1. Abth.); ref. 14517] Lake Dojran, Republic of Macedonia and Greece. Syntypes: NMW 7025028 (4), 49811-13 (1, 5, 2). On p. 21 of separate; on p. 131 of abstract. •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:23 [ref. 28742]). •Valid as Pachychilon macedonicum (Steindachner 1892) -- (Kottelat 1997:72 [ref. 22952], Ráb et al. 2000:107 [ref. 24487], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:209 [ref. 29996], Perea et al. 2010:16 [ref. 31802], Barbieri et al. 2015:56 [ref. 35029]). Current status: Valid as Pachychilon macedonicum (Steindachner 1892). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Greece and Macedonia. Habitat: freshwater.

macedonicus, Leuciscus cephalus Karaman [S. L.] 1955:185 [Acta Musei Macedonici Scientiarum Naturalium v. 3 (no. 7); ref. 12279] Struma River system, Yugoslavia. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Leuciscus macedonicus Steindachner 1892. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:66 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

machaerioides, Leuciscus Richardson [J.] 1846:297 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China. No types known. Based solely on illustration by Reeves (see Whitehead 1970:210, Pl. 18a [ref. 11606]). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

macrochirus, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:348 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 3338. Type information: Roberts 1993:18 [ref. 21799]. •Valid as Macrochirichthys macrochirus (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Roberts 1989:44 [ref. 6439], Roberts 1993:18 [ref. 21799] as macrochir, Kottelat et al. 1993:38 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Lim 1996:230 [ref. 23210], Zhu 1995:34 [ref. 25213], Rainboth 1996:67 [ref. 22772], Chen in Chu & Chen 1989:82 [ref. 13584] as macrochirius, Doi 1997:8 [ref. 22832], Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:115 [ref. 23878] as macrochirius, Yue & Chen 1998:83 [ref. 26415] as macrochirius, Kottelat 2001:59 [ref. 25780], Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:151 [ref. 28284], Parenti & Lim 2005:182 [ref. 28285], Kottelat 2013:122 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:61 [ref. 34477], Ng et al. 2019:528 [ref. 36606], Fu et al. 2021:9569 [ref. 39347], Taki et al. 2021:80 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Macrochirichthys macrochirus (Valenciennes 1844). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Sundaland, Chao Phraya and Mekong River basins, Indonesia, Thailand, Laos, China, Cambodia and Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

macrolepidota, Hampala Kuhl [H.] & van Hasselt [J. C.] in van Hasselt 1823:132 [Algemeene Konst- en Letter-bode voor het Jaar II Deel (no. 35); ref. 5963] Bogor, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: RMNH 2517 (1), 2518 (1), 16411 [ex RMNH 2517] (1). Type information: Roberts 1993:16 [ref. 21799]. Perhaps available as, "The genus Hampla Nob. comes nearest to Leuciscus Cuv. but differs in having 2 filaments at each corner of the mouth; the species is figured under the name Macrolepidota Nob. and occurs near Buitenzorg" [translation from Alfred 1961 [ref. 20553]]. See Kottelat 1987:370 [ref. 5962]. Also in van Hasselt 1824:376 [ref. 5964]. If not regarded as available from Kuhl & van Hasselt, then it can date to Valenciennes 1842, with holotype MNHN 0089. •Valid as Hampala macrolepidota Kuhl & van Hasselt 1823 [sometimes credited to Valenciennes 1842] -- (Chu & Cui in Chu & Chen 1989:157 [ref. 13584], Roberts 1989:40 [ref. 6439], Lim et al. 1990:38 [ref. 16753], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:192 [ref. 20764], Roberts 1993:16 [ref. 21799], Doi & Taki 1994:405 [ref. 21214], Kottelat & Lim 1996:230 [ref. 23210], Zhu 1995:51 [ref. 25213], Rainboth 1996:101 [ref. 22772], Vu & Nguyen 1997:26 [ref. 26438] as macrolepidosa, Doi 1997:6 [ref. 22832], Kottelat 1998:35 [ref. 23436], Ng & Tan 1999:353 [ref. 24159], Yue & Chen 1998:101 [ref. 26415], Freyhof et al. 2000:94 [ref. 25184], Shan et al. in Yue 2000:87 [ref. 25272], Kottelat 2001:53 [ref. 25780], Grinang & Lim 2004:288 [ref. 28551], Parenti & Lim 2005:180 [ref. 28285], Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:150 [ref. 28284], Kottelat 2013:109 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2015:41 [ref. 33971], Zhang et al. 2016:90 [ref. 34477] with authorship as Hasselt, Sulaiman et al. 2018:28 [ref. 35802], Ng et al. 2019:523 [ref. 36606], Ren et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37805], Fu et al. 2021:9569 [ref. 39347], Taki et al. 2021:126 [ref. 39830], Hasan et al. 2022:6035 [ref. 39888], Jamaluddin et al. 2022:[5] [ref. 39245], Chan et al. 2023:136 [ref. 40365]). Current status: Valid as Hampala macrolepidota Kuhl & van Hasselt 1823. Cyprinidae: Smiliogastrinae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Sundaland, Chao Phraya and Mekong River basins, Thailand, Laos, Yunnan (China), Cambodia and Vietnam. Introduced in Hong Kong (China). Habitat: freshwater.

macrolepidotus, Leuciscus Ayres [W. O.] 1854:1, col. 1 [Daily Placer Times and Transcript [newspaper] v. 5 (no. 1284); ref. 6368] San Francisco market, brought from Stockton, San Joaquin County, California, U.S.A. Possible types: BMNH 1863.10.9.50-51 (2), 1863,10.9.105 (1). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:108-109 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Pogonichthys macrolepidotus (Ayres 1854) -- (Lee et al. 1980:346 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:67 [ref. 18983], Gilbert 1998:108-109 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:140 [ref. 25838], Moyle 2002:146 [ref. 26449], Nelson et al. 2004:77 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:27 [ref. 37547], Scharpf 2005:36 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:159 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:77 [ref. 32708], Love et al. 2021:45 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:75 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Pogonichthys macrolepidotus (Ayres 1854). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Western North America: California (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

macrolepidotus, Leuciscus Steindachner [F.] 1866:15 [10] [Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften v. 54 (1. Abth.); ref. 18776] Creeks near Alcobazar and Cintra, Portugal. Syntypes: NMW 49815 (4, now 3). Species not listed in earlier abstract (Steindachner 1966 [ref. 21715]). On. p. 10 of separate. Also in Steindachner 1866:6 [ref. 18757]. Objectively invalid; apparently preoccupied by Leuciscus macrolepidotus Ayres 1854; replaced by Chondrostoma oligolepis Robalo, Doadrio, Almada & Kottelat 2005. •Treated as valid as Rutilus macrolepidotus (Steindachner 1866) -- (Kottelat 1997:79 [ref. 22952]). •See Ketmaier et al. 1998:47 [ref. 23809]. •Incorrectly treated as valid as Chondrostoma macrolepidotum (Steindachner 1866) -- (Doadrio & Carmona 2003:30 [ref. 28132], Coelho et al. 2005:202 [ref. 28430]). •Synonym of Achondrostoma oligolepis (Robalo, Doadrio, Almada & Kottelat 2005). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Achondrostoma oligolepis (Robalo, Doadrio, Almada & Kottelat 2005). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

macropus, Leuciscus Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1846:209, Pl. 101 (figs. 2, 2a-b) [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Japan. Lectotype: RMNH 2770a. Paralectotypes: RMNH 2770b-d (3). Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:160 [ref. 12876]. •Synonym of Zacco platypus (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) -- (Okada 1961:498 [ref. 6363], Yang & Hwang 1964:49 [ref. 13497]). Current status: Synonym of Zacco platypus (Temminck & Schlegel 1846). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

maculatus, Alburnus Keyserling [E. von] 1861:16 [19], Pl. 7 [Zeitschrift für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften v. 17 (no. 1); ref. 2601] Near Gaz, 32°48'N, 51°37'E, northeast of Esfahan, Iran. No types saved. On p. 19 of separate. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Alburnus maculatus Kessler 1859. •Synonym of Leuciscus lepidus (Heckel 1843) -- (Coad 1982:227 [ref. 21047], Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608]). •Uncertain identity, in Alburnus -- (Coad 2009:63 [ref. 30710], Falahatkar et al. 2015:323 [ref. 35421]). •Synonym of Alburnus doriae De Filippi 1865 -- (Mohammadian-Kalat et al. 2017:491 [ref. 35603], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:126 [ref. 37983]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Alburnus doriae De Filippi 1865. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

mahecola, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:305, Pl. 502 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Mahé, Kerala, India. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-3896. Paralectotypes: MNHN 2005-0007 (5). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:27 [ref. 19574]. •Mention under Puntius filamentosus (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:270 [ref. 20764]). •Synonym of Puntius filamentosus (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Menon 1999:92 [ref. 24904]). •Valid as Puntius mahecola (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Selvaraj & Abraham 1987:20 [ref. 19846], Indra 1991:238 [ref. 24005], Rema Devi et al. 1996:133 [ref. 24021], Zacharias et al. 1996:40 [ref. 25526], Pethiyagoda & Kottelat 2005:146 [ref. 28275], Silva et al. 2008:60 [ref. 29719], Abraham 2011:1591 [ref. 31231], Krishnakumar et al. 2012:32 [ref. 31807], Krishnakumar et al. 2012:32 [ref. 31807], Pethiyagoda et al. 2012:73 [ref. 32071], Plamoottil 2014:140 [ref. 33650], Plamoottil 2016:5 [ref. 34781], Arunkumar & Manimekalan 2018:1739 [ref. 36172], Bleher 2018:716 [ref. 36647], Plamoottil 2019:717 [ref. 37157], Plamoottil & Johnson 2020:96 [ref. 37958], Ren et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37805], Plamoottil & Vineeth 2020:101 [ref. 38032]). Current status: Valid as Puntius mahecola (Valenciennes 1844). Cyprinidae: Smiliogastrinae. Distribution: South Asia: Kerala and Tamil Nadu (southern India). Habitat: freshwater.

majalis, Leuciscus Agassiz [L.] 1835:43, Pl. 1 (figs. 3-7) [not Pl. 6] [Mémoires de la Société Neuchateloise des Sciences Naturelles v. 1; ref. 22] Neuchâtel, Switzerland. Syntypes: MHNN 969-971 (4, 1, 1). Type catalog: Kottelat 1984:148 [ref. 21784]. •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

malabaricus, Leuciscus Jerdon [T. C.] 1849:320 [Madras Journal of Literature and Science v. 15 (pt 2); ref. 4902] Malabar, India. No types known. •Possible synonym of Rasbora daniconius (Hamilton 1822) -- (Brittan 1954:136 [ref. 646]). •Synonym of Parluciosoma daniconius (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1999:50 [ref. 24904]). •Synonym of Rasbora daniconius (Hamilton 1822) -- (authors). •Synonym of Rasbora dandia (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Silva et al. 2010:30 [ref. 30779]). Current status: Synonym of Rasbora dandia (Valenciennes 1844). Danionidae: Rasborinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

margarodes, Leuciscus McClelland [J.] 1839:294, 411 [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Assam, India. No types known. •Status uncertain -- (Coad 1981:9 [ref. 22348]). •Synonym of Aspidoparia jaya (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1999:10 [ref. 24904] as margarodis). •Synonym of Cabdio jaya (Hamilton 1822). Current status: Synonym of Cabdio jaya (Hamilton 1822). Danionidae: Chedrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

marrochius, Leuciscus Costa [O. G.] 1838:Cyprinoides p. 12, Pl. 13 [Fauna del regno di Napoli Part 1; ref. 976] Lake Fuccino, Italy. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. See Kottelat 1997:84 [ref. 22952] for type locality. •Synonym of Scardinius scardafa (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Kottelat 1997:84 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Scardinius scardafa (Bonaparte 1837). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

maxillaris, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:296, Pl. 499 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Iran rivers. Syntypes: MNHN A-3954 (2). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:79 [ref. 19574]. •Synonym of Chalcalburnus mossulensis (Heckel 1843) -- (Coad 1991:16 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:15 [ref. 23608]). •Synonym of Alburnus sellal Heckel 1843 -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:129 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:222 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus sellal Heckel 1843. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

medius, Leuciscus Oshima [M.] 1920:190, Fig. 2 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 72; ref. 15245] Central Taiwan. Holotype (unique): ANSP 63148. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:83 [ref. 13621], Ho & Shao 2011:64 [ref. 31432]. •Synonym of Leuciscus brandtii (Dybowski 1872) -- (Berg 1949:570 [ref. 20661]). •Valid as Xenocypris medius (Oshima 1920) -- (Li 1986:482 [ref. 6154], Ho & Shao 2011:64 [ref. 31432] but status uncertain). Current status: Valid as Xenocypris medius (Oshima 1920). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Taiwan. Habitat: freshwater.

megalolepis, Chela Günther [A.] 1868:337 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Lectotype: BMNH 1866.5.2.216. Paralectotypes: (8) RMNH 4984 (5), 8062 (1). Unexplained substitute name for Leuciscus oxygastroides Bleeker 1852. •Synonym of Oxygaster oxygastroides (Bleeker 1852) -- (Bănărescu 1969:192 [ref. 7797], Roberts 1989:57 [ref. 6439]). •Synonym of Parachela oxygastroides (Bleeker 1852) -- (Kottelat 2013:137 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Parachela oxygastroides (Bleeker 1852). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

mehdem, Squalius Warpachowski [N. A.] 1897:255, Pl. 12 (fig. 1) [Ezhegodnik, Zoologicheskago Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk v. 2; ref. 4515] Ob River at Atlym, Siberia, Russia. Holotype (unique): ZIN 11295. •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) subspecies baicalensis (Dybowski 1874) -- (Berg 1949:546 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1998:64 [ref. 23589]). •Synonym of Leuciscus baicalensis (Dybowski 1874) -- (Kottelat 2006:37 [ref. 28831]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

meidingeri, Leuciscus Heckel [J. J.] 1851:148 [Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften v. 6; ref. 23010] Atter Lake, Austria. Syntypes: NMW 49826 (1), 50451-52 (1, 1). Also appeared in Heckel 1851:290 [ref. 18258], and in more detail in Heckel 1852:88, Pl. 9 [ref. 18260]. •Synonym of Pararutilus frisii (Nordmann 1840), but a valid subspecies -- (Lelek 1987:233 [ref. 22962] as meidingeri). •Valid as Rutilus meidingeri (Heckel 1851) -- (Kottelat 1997:79 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya & Iliadou 2006:294 [ref. 28494], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:242 [ref. 29996], Marić 2010:157 [ref. 31515]). Current status: Valid as Rutilus meidingeri (Heckel 1851). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Austria, formerly Germany. Habitat: freshwater.

melanotus, Idus Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1008, Pl. 1 [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Europe. No types known. Apparently an unneeded new name for Cyprinus idus Linnaeus (to avoid Strickland tautonymy). Also appeared in Heckel 1852:59, 66 [ref. 18260] and in Heckel & Kner 1858:147, Fig. 77 [ref. 2078]. •Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:564 [ref. 20661], Kottelat 1997:67 [ref. 22952], Parin et al. 2014:82 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

melettina, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:304, Pl. 501 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Bombay [= ? Mumbai or Bombay Presidency], India. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-3812 (5). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:51 [ref. 19574]. •Valid as Amblypharyngodon melettinus (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Pethiyagoda 1991:55 [ref. 20075], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:336 [ref. 20764], Indra 1994:410 [ref. 24015], Rema Devi et al. 1996:130 [ref. 24021], Menon 1999:31 [ref. 24904], Raju Thomas et al. 2002:50 [ref. 26359], Sudasinghe et al. 2019:41 [ref. 36481]). Current status: Valid as Amblypharyngodon melettinus (Valenciennes 1844). Danionidae: Rasborinae. Distribution: Peninsular India. Habitat: freshwater.

mento, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] (ex Agassiz) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:271 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Danube River, Austria. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-3894. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:78 [ref. 19574]. Possibly appeared in Agassiz 1839:Pl. 28 (fig. 2) as Aspius mento (not seen). •Synonym of Chalcalburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772) -- (Lelek 1987:175 [ref. 22962] with author as Agassiz). •Synonym of Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:125 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

meridionalis, Squalius Blanchard [C. E.] 1866:396, Fig. 33 [Les poissons des eaux douces de la France; ref. 310] Original localities: River Sâve [lot-et-Garonne] and River Sorgue near Avignon in Rhone basin, France. Lectotype: MNHN A-2257. Paralectotypes: MNHN A-2257 (1), ?USNM 28580 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:63 [ref. 19574] with a holotype, since there were multiple localities this does not establish a lectotype. Lectotype designation probably dates to Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

merzbacheri, Aspiopsis Zugmayer [E.] 1912:682 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 9 (no. 54); ref. 4847] River Manas He, west of Urumtchi on northern slopes of Tian-Shan range, China. Syntypes: BMNH 1914.3.2.1 [ex ZSM] (1), ZSM [old collection] (orig. 16) lost in WWII. Type catalog: Neumann 2006:272 [ref. 28925]. Also described as new in Zugmayer 1913:13, pl. [ref. 17732]. •Mention as Aspiopsis merzbacheri Zugmayer 1912 -- (Kottelat 2006:87 [ref. 28831]). •Valid as Leuciscus merzbacheri (Zugmayer 1912) -- (Yang & Hwang 1964:30 [ref. 13497], Zhu 1995:31 [ref. 25213], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:71 [ref. 23878], Yue & Chen 1998:79 [ref. 26415], Zhang et al. 2016:53 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Valid as Leuciscus merzbacheri (Zugmayer 1912). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: East Asia: Bortala, Manas and Urumqi River drainages, Junggar basin, Xinjiang Province, northern China. Habitat: freshwater.

meunier, Squalius Heckel [J. J.] 1852:68 [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 9; ref. 18260] Based on literature sources. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

microcephalus, Leuciscus Jerdon [T. C.] 1849:321 [Madras Journal of Literature and Science v. 15 (pt 2); ref. 4902] Mamallapuram, Tamil Nadu, India [original locality near Madras [present day Chennai], Tamil Nadu State, southern India]. Neotype: WHT 7671A. Neotype selected by Silva et al. 2010:33 [ref. 30779]. Specimen AMS B.7593, previously regarded as a non-type or syntype is not in this genus (Silva et al. 2010:45 [ref. 30779] ) •Synonym of Rasbora rasbora (Hamilton 1822) -- (Brittan 1954:42 [ref. 646] with question, Menon 1999:53 [ref. 24904]). •Valid as Rasbora microcephalus (Jerdon 1849) -- (Silva et al. 2010:33 [ref. 30779], Plamoottil 2016:24 [ref. 34948], Bleher 2018:752 [ref. 36647], Sudasinghe et al. 2020:22 [ref. 37702]). Current status: Valid as Rasbora microcephalus (Jerdon 1849). Danionidae: Rasborinae. Distribution: Southeastern India and western Sri Lanka. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

microlepidotus, Cyprinus Ekström [C. U.] 1835:18, Pl. 2 [Die Fische in dem Scheeren von Mörkö; ref. 18071] Strait of Mörkö Island, near Stockholm, Sweden. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Original not seen. •Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:67 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

microlepidotus, Leuciscus Ayres [W. O.] 1854:1, col. 1 [Daily Placer Times and Transcript [newspaper] v. 5 (no. 1284); ref. 6368] Stockton, San Joaquin County, California, U.S.A. (brought to San Francisco market). No types known. Non-types: ANSP 5336 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:83 [ref. 13621] as holotype, Gilbert 1998:113-114 [ref. 23395]. Appeared first as above on 30 May, then as Gila microlepidota on 29 Dec. [ref. 157]; then in Ayres 1855:21 [ref. 18923] •Valid as Orthodon microlepidotus (Ayres 1854) -- (Lee et al. 1980:329 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:69 [ref. 18983], La Rivers 1994:457, 592 [ref. 23389], Gilbert 1998:113-114 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:127 [ref. 25838], Moyle 2002:144 [ref. 26449], Nelson et al. 2004:76 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:34 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:162 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:76 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:74 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Orthodon microlepidotus (Ayres 1854). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: Western North Amwerica: California (U.S.A.). Introduced in Nevada ( U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

microlepis, Leuciscus Bleeker [P.] 1853:141, Pl. 4 (fig. 3) [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 25 (art. 8); ref. 341] Hooghly River, Calcutta, India. Syntypes: (5) BMNH 1866.5.2.57 (1). •Valid as Amblypharyngodon microlepis (Bleeker 1853) -- (Ataur Rahman 1989:106 [ref. 24860], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:337 [ref. 20764], Indra 1991:235 [ref. 24005], Indra 1993:181 [ref. 24009], Rema Devi 1993:353 [ref. 24007], Rema Devi & Ilango 1993:243 [ref. 24017], Rema Devi & Raghunathan 1999:149 [ref. 24759], Rema Devi & Raghunathan 1999:166 [ref. 24760], Rema Devi et al. 1999:153 [ref. 24758], Menon 1999:32 [ref. 24904], Arunachalam et al. 2001:128 [ref. 25692], Ataur Rahman 2003:123 [ref. 31338], Shrestha 2008:91 [ref. 29923], Bleher 2018:324 [ref. 36647], Sudasinghe et al. 2019:42 [ref. 36481]). Current status: Valid as Amblypharyngodon microlepis (Bleeker 1853). Danionidae: Rasborinae. Distribution: South Asia: Ganges and Brahmaputra River basins (Nepal, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh). Habitat: freshwater.

microlepis, Squalius Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1042 [52] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Imotski, Bosnia-Herzegovina. Syntypes: MHNN 973 (2); NMW 49414-16 (3, 1, 1), 49421 (1). Type catalog: Kottelat 1984:149 [ref. 21784]. On p. 52 of separate [ref. 2067]. •Synonym of Leuciscus microlepis (Heckel 1843), but a valid subspecies microlepis (Heckel 1843) -- (Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079]). •Valid as Leuciscus microlepis (Heckel 1843) -- (Kottelat 1997:69 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Squalius microlepis Heckel 1843 -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:269 [ref. 29996], Zupančič 2008:43 [ref. 29926], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Perea et al. 2010:13 [ref. 31802], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:107 [ref. 31360], Ćaleta et al. 2015:93 [ref. 34877], Bogutskaya et al. 2019:119 [ref. 37207], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174], Ćaleta et al. 2019:167 [ref. 37026]). Current status: Valid as Squalius microlepis Heckel 1843. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southeast Europe: Karst system Imotsko Polje, Tihaljina-Trebilat (Croatia; Bosnia and Herzegovina). Habitat: freshwater.

miniatus, Idus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1845:9 [Catalogo metodico dei Ciprinidi d'Europa, ...; ref. 13472] Eastern Europe. Syntypes: ?NMW 43432 (1). We treat as not available, no distinguishing features. See Kottelat 1997:67 [ref. 22952] for note on possible type. •Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:67 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

miniatus, Idus Heckel [J. J.] & Kner [R.] 1857:151 [Die Süsswasserfische der Österreichischen Monarchie; ref. 2078] Brooks in Royal Gardens of Burg in Vienna, Austria. Syntypes: NMW 53432 (1). Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Idus miniatus Bonaparte 1845. Appeared as name only in Heckel 1843:1038 [48] [ref. 2066]. •Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:67 [ref. 22952]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

minor, Leuciscus Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1846:210, Pl. 101 (figs. 3, 3a-b) [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Japan. Lectotype: RMNH 2860. Paralectotypes: RMNH D1845 (1, stuffed), 36369 (7); ZMB 3391 (1, missing). Type catalog: Paepke 2001:330 [ref. 25566]. Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:161 [ref. 12876]. •Synonym of Zacco platypus (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) -- (Okada 1961:498 [ref. 6363], Yang & Hwang 1964:49 [ref. 13497]). Current status: Synonym of Zacco platypus (Temminck & Schlegel 1846). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

minor, Squalius vulgaris var. Walecki [A.] 1863:363 [Biblioteka Warszawska, Wiadomosci Z Nauk [Science News] v. 4; ref. 22954] An unneeded replacement name for Squalius lepusculus Heckel 1852 (see Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]) but is not infrasubspecific. •In the synonymy of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

modestus, Asterropteryx Bleeker [P.] 1875:111 [11] [Archives néerlandaises des sciences exactes et naturelles v. 10; ref. 440] Singapore; Sumatra, Indonesia. Syntypes: RMNH 4805 (3). On p. 11 of separate. •Synonym of Hypseleotris leuciscus (Bleeker 1853) -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:134 [ref. 23448]). •Synonym of Hypseleotris cyprinoides (Valenciennes 1837) -- (Thacker & Unmack 2005:2 [ref. 28186] with author as Herre). •Species inquirenda -- (Keith & Mennesson 2023:32 [ref. 40181]). Nomen Dubium. Eleotridae: Eleotrinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

molitorella, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:359 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] China (Reeves collection). Neotype: BMNH 1971.12.30.2. Based on a painting, see Roberts 1997:192 [ref. 23550]; painting reproduced by Roberts, p. 197, Fig. 11. Neotype designated by Roberts 1997:194 [ref. 23550]. •Valid as Cirrhina molitorella (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Wu et al. 1977:352 [ref. 4807], Mai 1978:76 [ref. 13511], Chen et al. in Pan et al. 1991:175 [ref. 23876]). •Valid as Cirrhinus molitorella (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Jin in Kuang et al. 1986:127 [ref. 26639] with authors as Cuvier & Valenciennes, and date as 1842, Chu & Cui in Chu & Chen 1989:265 [ref. 13584], Zheng et al. 1989:203 [ref. 21202], Zhu 1995:66 [ref. 25213], Rainboth 1996:108 [ref. 22772], Roberts 1997:192 [ref. 23550], Kottelat 1998:26 [ref. 23436], Freyhof et al. 2000:94 [ref. 25184], Zhang et al. in Yue 2000:201 [ref. 25272], Kottelat 2001:20 [ref. 25482], Kottelat 2001:42 [ref. 25780], Ho & Shao 2011: 26 [ref. 31432], Kottelat 2013:88 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2015:41 [ref. 33971], Zhang et al. 2016:108 [ref. 34477], Fu et al. 2021:9570 [ref. 39347], Chan et al. 2023:135 [ref. 40365]). Current status: Valid as Cirrhinus molitorella (Valenciennes 1844). Cyprinidae: Labeoninae. Distribution: Southeast and East Asia: Vietnam to China. Introduced in Hong Kong (China). Habitat: freshwater.

molitrix, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:360 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] China. No types known. •Valid as Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Berg 1949:846 [ref. 20661], Okada 1961:740 [ref. 6363] as moritrix, Yang 1964:225 [ref. 13500], Mai 1978:174 [ref. 13511], Coad 1981:10 [ref. 22348], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:58 [ref. 6441], Wang 1984:72 [ref. 22951], Chen in Kuang et al. 1986:58 [ref. 26639] with authors as Cuvier & Valenciennes, Ortega & Vari 1986:6 [ref. 9708], Robison & Buchanan 1988:190 [ref. 23393], Chen & Li in Chu & Chen 1989:100 [ref. 13584], Paulin et al. 1989:81 [ref. 24556], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:290 [ref. 25598], Zheng et al. 1989:117 [ref. 21202], Coad 1991:17 [ref. 15702], Pethiyagoda 1991:81 [ref. 20075], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:330 [ref. 20764], Liu in Pan et al. 1991:236 [ref. 23876], Boschung 1992:50 [ref. 23239], Mitrofanov et al. 1992:200 [ref. 37756], Etnier & Starnes 1993:179 [ref. 22809], Kottelat et al. 1993:35 [ref. 23448], Skelton 1993:191 [ref. 24071], Zhuo in Ding 1994:170 [ref. 21531], Yang & Chen 1995:46 [ref. 23555], Coad 1995:18 [ref. 23608], Zhu 1995:101 [ref. 25213], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:15 [ref. 22798], Coad 1996:84 [ref. 25304], Cheng & Zhou 1997:193 [ref. 26385], Kim 1997:510 [ref. 24032], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:738 [ref. 24702], Chen in Chen 1998:128 [ref. 23556], Bogutskaya 1998:61 [ref. 23589], Chen in Chen et al. 1998:228 [ref. 23878], Garcia Romero et al. 1998:189 [ref. 27761], Fricke 1999:84 [ref. 24106], Rema Devi & Raghunathan 1999:171 [ref. 24760], Fuller et al. 1999:81 [ref. 25838], Nakabo 2000:261 [ref. 25086], Rafique 2000:324 [ref. 25220], Azeroual et al. 2000:20 [ref. 25366], Tang et al. 2001:14 [ref. 25373], Sheiko & Fedorov 2000:17 [ref. 25650], Matsuura et al. 2000:92 [ref. 26000], Kottelat 2001:28 [ref. 25482], Gabrielyan 2001:27 [ref. 25867], Ross et al. 2001:160 [ref. 25978], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Wang et al. 2001:114 [ref. 26566], Skelton 2001:191 [ref. 27406], Kim & Park 2002:158 [ref. 25913], Nakabo 2002:261 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:157, 512 [ref. 26218], Mirza 2003:12 [ref. 27265], López et al. 2003:9 [ref. 27366], Hanel 2003:54 [ref. 27894], Nelson et al. 2004:72 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:189 [ref. 27995], Menni 2004:71 [ref. 28131], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:82 [ref. 28183], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:169 [ref. 28369], Hanel & Lusk 2005:276 [ref. 28804], Kottelat 2006:36 [ref. 28831], Scharpf 2005:21 [ref. 28940] as molitris, Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:194 [ref. 29996], Shrestha 2008:89 [ref. 29923], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:331 [ref. 30085], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:166 [ref. 31251], Minckley & Marsh 2009:181 [ref. 31114], Matamoros et al. 2009:8 [ref. 31241], Coad 2010:188 [ref. 36620], Esmaeili et al. 2010:370 [ref. 33391], Page & Burr 2011:153 [ref. 31215], Gurung et al. 2013:4882 [ref. 32969], Kottelat 2013:112 [ref. 32989], Page et al. 2013:72 [ref. 32708], Barriga Salazar 2014:104 [ref. 35745], Parin et al. 2014:80 [ref. 33547], Barbieri et al. 2015:53 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:145 [ref. 35151], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:72 [ref. 34894], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:873 [ref. 34062], McDowall & Stewart 2015:316 [ref. 34241], Mirande & Koerber 2015:10 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:435 [ref. 34561], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:661 [ref. 34853], Nión et al. 2016:26 [ref. 35565], Zhang et al. 2016:66 [ref. 34477], Esmaeili et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:29 [ref. 36089], Ćaleta et al. 2019:172 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108], Zhang et al. 2019:207 [ref. 36699], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:99 [ref. 37983], Reis et al. 2020:456 [ref. 38364], Baikeche et al. 2021:959 [ref. 39080], Dyldin et al. 2021:21 [ref. 38804], Dyldin & Orlov 2021:64 [ref. 38158], Fu et al. 2021:9569 [ref. 39347], Guo 2021:197 [ref. 38617], Taki et al. 2021:108 [ref. 39830], Çiçek et al. 2022:4 [ref. 38985], Pozdeev et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39511], Bertaco & Azevedo 2023:3 [ref. 39997], Bertaco et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40740], Chan et al. 2023:137 [ref. 40365], Çiçek et al. 2023:31 [ref. 40326], Çiçek et al. 2023:19 [ref. 40616], Dyldin et al. 2023:[14] [ref. 40328], Jamandre 2023:166 [ref. 40455], Loureiro et al. 2023:178 [ref. 40506], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2023:32 [ref. 40667], Nagy et al. 2023:356 [ref. 40348], Page et al. 2023:66 [ref. 40505], Saad et al. 2023:25 [ref. 40501], Shumka et al. 2023:38 [ref. 40747], Çiçek et al. 2024:183 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes 1844). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: East Asia: Yangtze River basin (China and Russia). Widely introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

mongolicus, Leuciscus Oshima [M.] 1926:103 [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 38 (nos. 450-451); ref. 20610] Jehol, China. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied by Squalius mongolicus Kessler 1876 in Leuciscus, replaced by Leuciscus oshimae Fowler 1958; also needlessly replaced by jeholi Howes 1984. See also Oshima 1929:83 [ref. 15915]. •Questionably a synonym of Genghis mongolicus (Kessler 1876) -- (Howes 1984:290 [ref. 5312]). •Questionably a synonym of Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Kottelat 2006:39 [ref. 28831]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Uncertain as Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

mongolicus, Squalius Kessler [K. F.] 1876:21, Pl. 2 (fig. 2) [v. 2 (pt 4); ref. 2595] Hu-lun [Dalai-Nor] Lake, China, elevation 4200 feet. Holotype (unique): ZIN 2472. •Valid as Genghis mongolicus (Kessler 1876) -- (Howes 1984:290 [ref. 5312]). •Synonym of Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Luo in Chen et al. 1998:65 [ref. 23878]). •Synonym of Leuciscus chuanchicus (Kessler 1876) -- (Kottelat 2006:87 [ref. 28831]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

montenigrinus, Leuciscus souffia Vukovic [T.] 1963:206 [Godišnjak Biološkog Instituta Univerziteta u Sarajevu v. 16 (nos 1-2); ref. 9266] Drina River, Moraca near Titograd, Montenegro [Yugoslavia]. Syntypes: (several) whereabouts unknown. Appeared as montenegrinus in a later publication by Vukovic. See Ketmaier et al. 1998:47 [ref. 23809]. •Valid as Leuciscus montenigrinus Vukovic 1963 -- (Kottelat 1997:69 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Telestes montenigrinus (Vukovic 1963) -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:284 [ref. 29996], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:318 [ref. 30686], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Marčić et al. 2011:421 [ref. 31443], Shumka et al. 2023:40 [ref. 40747]). Current status: Valid as Telestes montenigrinus (Vukovic 1963). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Lake Skadar basin (Albania and Montenegro). Habitat: freshwater.

monticola, Devario Batuwita [S.], de Silva [M.] & Udugampala [S.] 2017:170, Fig. 7 [FishTaxa v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 35544] Ceylon, presumed to be Agarapatana, Nuwara Eliya District, Sri Lanka. Syntypes (3), presumably lost. Replacement name for Danio lineolatus Bleeker 1863, secondarily preoccupied in Devario by Leuciscus lineolatus Blyth 1858. See Sudasinghe & Pethiyagoda 2019:423 [ref. 36449] for comments on the validity of the taxon. •Valid as Devario monticola Batuwita, de Silva & Udugampala 2017 -- (Sudasinghe & Pethiyagoda 2019:423 [ref. 36449], Sudasinghe et al. 2020:[12] [ref. 37530]). Current status: Valid as Devario monticola Batuwita, de Silva & Udugampala 2017. Danionidae: Danioninae. Distribution: Mahaweli River basin, central Sri Lanka. Habitat: freshwater.

moreoticus, Leuciscus (Squalius) cephalus Stephanidis [A.] 1971:197, Fig. 8 [Biologia Gallo-Hellenica v. 3 (no. 2) (for 1970); ref. 7540] Stymphalis Lake, Peloponnesus, Greece. Syntypes: (11) Lab. Zool. de l'Univ. de Thessalonique, Greece. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:66 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius peloponensis (Valenciennes 1844), but a valid subspecies -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:23 [ref. 28742]). •Valid as Squalius moreoticus (Stephanidis 1971) -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:269 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Barbieri et al. 2015:65 [ref. 35029]). Current status: Valid as Squalius moreoticus (Stephanidis 1971). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Greece. Habitat: freshwater.

mugilis, Cyprinus Vallot [J.-N.] 1837:196 [Ichthyologie française, ou histoire naturelle des poissons d'eau douce de la France.; ref. 17873] Saône, France. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

muticellus, Leuciscus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1837:fasc. 20, punt. 103, Pl. 112 (fig. 3) [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 4893] Italy. Syntypes and/or Bonaparte specimens: ANSP 6374-6411 (38), 3891 (5) Rome. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:61 [ref. 19574], Böhlke 1984:84 [ref. 13621], Almaça 1969:1123 [ref. 20712]. •Synonym of Leuciscus souffia Risso 1827, but a valid subspecies -- (Bianco & Taraborelli 1984:114 [ref. 21915] as soufia, Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079], Lelek 1987:210 [ref. 22962], Bianco 1988:152 [ref. 22383]). •Valid as Leuciscus muticellus Bonaparte 1837 -- (Kottelat 1997:69 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Telestes muticellus (Bonaparrte 1837) -- (Ketmaier et al. 1998:47 [ref. 23809], Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:194 [ref. 26728], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:285 [ref. 29996], Zupančič 2008:54 [ref. 29926], Kottelat & Freyhof 2009:80 [ref. 30320], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:318 [ref. 30686], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Bianco & Delmastro 2011:4 [ref. 31648], Marčić et al. 2011:421 [ref. 31443], Bianco 2013:8 [ref. 32897], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108]). Current status: Valid as Telestes muticellus (Bonaparte 1837). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southern Europe: southern Switzerland and Italy. Habitat: freshwater.

nachtriebi, Leuciscus Cox [U. O.] 1896:615 [Report of the Commissioner, United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries Pt 20 (for 1894) (Appendix 9); ref. 12385] Mille Lacs Lake, Aitkin County, Minnesota, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 47688. Paratypes: (about 40) CAS-SU 4999 (1), 5000 (1), plus additional specimens not found. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:33 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1998:117 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Semotilus margarita (Cope 1867) -- (Lee et al. 1980:364 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:158 [ref. 22186]). •Synonym of Semotilus margarita (Cope 1867), but a valid subspecies -- (Scott & Crossman 1998:516 [ref. 24570], Scharpf 2005:24 [ref. 28940]). •Synonym of Margariscus margarita (Cope 1867), but a valid subspecies -- (Baxter & Stone 1995:85 [ref. 23374], Stauffer et al. 1995:107 [ref. 23376], Gilbert 1998:117 [ref. 23395], McPhail 2007:00 [ref. 31199]). •Valid as Margariscus nachtriebi (Cox 1896) -- (Bailey et al. 2004:82 [ref. 27882], Page & Burr 2011:188 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:73 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:72 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Margariscus nachtriebi (Cox 1896). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Distribution: Eastern North America: northeastern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

nasutus, Leuciscus Ayres [W. O.] 1843:299, Pl. 13 (fig. 3) [Boston Journal of Natural History v. 4 (no. 3) (art. 24); ref. 15929] West Hartford, Hartford County, Connecticut; Blandford, Hampden County, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Syntypes: BSNH (1, Hampden Co., Mass., whereabouts unknown). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:118 [ref. 23395]. Also appeared in Ayres 1843:130 [ref. 15928]. On p. 5 of Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. is a note about Mr. Ayres presenting specimens [to the Society], stating: "and Leuciscus nasutus, from Hampden county, Mass. The individual presented was the one from which Mr. Ayres constituted the species." •Synonym of Rhinichthys cataractae (Valenciennes 1842) -- (Smith 1986:150 [ref. 22186]). •Synonym of Rhinichthys cataractae (Valenciennes 1842), subspecies cataractae -- (Gilbert 1998:118 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Rhinichthys cataractae (Valenciennes 1842). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

nauticus, Chaenomugil Bryan [W. A.] & Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1903:127 [Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 15652] Marcus Island, western Pacific. Holotype: BPBM 2407. Paratypes: ANSP 85175 [ex BPBM 2487-92] (6). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:128 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Neomyxus chaptalii (Eydoux & Souleyet 1850) -- (authors). •Synonym of Chaenomugil leuciscus (Günther 1872) -- (Thomson 1997:477 [ref. 23428]). •Synonym of Neomyxus leuciscus (Günther 1872) -- (Harrison & Senou 1999:2099 [ref. 24780]). Current status: Synonym of Neomyxus leuciscus (Günther 1872). Mugilidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

neglectus, Leuciscus Selys-Longchamps [E. de] 1842:209 [Faune belge. Première partie; ref. 18717] Bruxelles, Belgium. Syntypes: (4) ?MHNN 1008 (1), ISNM (not found). Type catalog: Kottelat 1984:148 [ref. 21784]. •Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:67 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

nesogallicus, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:310 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Unidentifiable -- (Fricke 1999:83 [ref. 24106]). Cyprinidae. Habitat: freshwater.

nigrilineatus, Alestes Svensson [G. S. O.] 1933:53, Pl. 2 (fig. 1) [Kongliga Vetenskaps-Academiens Handlingar, Stockholm v. 12 (no. 3); ref. 16524] Swamps along Gambia River, western Africa. Syntypes: (4) NRM 10222 (3). •Synonym of Alestes leuciscus Günther 1867 -- (Paugy 1984:150 [ref. 6183], Paugy in Lévêque et al. 1990:209 [ref. 21589]). •Synonym of Bryconalestes leuciscus (Günther 1867) -- (Boden & Geelhand de Merxem 2024:33 [ref. 40817]). •Synonym of Brycinus leuciscus (Günther 1867) -- (Lévèque et al. 1991:139 [ref. 31367]). Current status: Synonym of Brycinus leuciscus (Günther 1867). Alestidae. Habitat: freshwater.

niloticus, Leuciscus Joannis [L. de] 1835:no page number, Pl. 3 [Magasin de Zoologie 1835 (5 anneé); ref. 2355] Nile River at Thebes, Egypt. No types known. •Valid as Leptocypris niloticus (Joannis 1835) -- (Lévêque & Daget 1984:324 [ref. 6186], Howes & Teugels 1989:901 [ref. 13624], Lévêque et al. 1989:118 [ref. 26480], Lévêque in Lévêque et al. 1990:274 [ref. 21589], Dankwa et al. 1999:24 [ref. 28023], Lévèque et al. 1991:142 [ref. 31367], Seegers et al. 2003:34 [ref. 28087], De Weirdt et al. 2007:563 [ref. 30024], Neumann et al. 2016:304 [ref. 35036], Akoth et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40069]). Current status: Valid as Leptocypris niloticus (Joannis 1835). Danionidae: Chedrinae. Distribution: Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

nitidus, Leuciscus DeKay [J. E.] 1842:209, Pl. 33 (fig. 105) [Zoology of New-York; ref. 1098] Lake Champlain, New York, U.S.A. Syntypes: New York State coll. (whereabouts unknown). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:121 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Semotilus corporalis (Mitchill 1817) -- (Smith 1986:157 [ref. 22186], Gilbert 1998:121 [ref. 23395], Gilbert 1998:121 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:514 [ref. 24570]). Current status: Synonym of Semotilus corporalis (Mitchill 1817). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

nobilis, Leuciscus Richardson [J.] (ex Gray) 1845:140, Pl. 63 (fig. 3) [Ichthyology.--Part 3. The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur.; ref. 20575] Canton, China. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1968.3.11.4. Type information: Whitehead 1970:210 [ref. 11606]. •Valid as Aristichthys nobilis (Richardson 1845) -- (Yang 1964:223 [ref. 13500], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:58 [ref. 6441], Wang 1984:73 [ref. 22951], Chen in Kuang et al. 1986:56 [ref. 26639] dated 1844, Ortega & Vari 1986:6 [ref. 9708], Chen & Li in Chu & Chen 1989:98 [ref. 13584], Zheng et al. 1989:116 [ref. 21202], Liu in Pan et al. 1991:235 [ref. 23876], Pethiyagoda 1991:57 [ref. 20075], Mitrofanov et al. 1992:221 [ref. 37756], Zhuo in Ding 1994:168 [ref. 21531], Yang & Chen 1995:23 [ref. 23555], Zhu 1995:101 [ref. 25213], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:15 [ref. 22798], Coad 1996:84 [ref. 25304], Cheng & Zhou 1997:192 [ref. 26385], Kim 1997:511 [ref. 24032], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:735 [ref. 24702], Vu & Nguyen 1997:26 [ref. 26438], Chen in Chen 1998:127 [ref. 23556], Bogutskaya 1998:57 [ref. 23589], Chen in Chen et al. 1998:226 [ref. 23878], Nakabo 2000:261 [ref. 25086], Rafique 2000:324 [ref. 25220], Azeroual et al. 2000:20 [ref. 25366], Matsuura et al. 2000:58 [ref. 26000], Tang et al. 2001:14 [ref. 25373], Wang et al. 2001:113 [ref. 26566] dated 1844, Kim & Park 2002:159 [ref. 25913], Choi et al. 2003:156, 512 [ref. 26218], Hanel 2003:54 [ref. 27894], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:81 [ref. 28183], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:166 [ref. 28369] dated 1846, Hanel & Lusk 2005:273 [ref. 28804], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:166 [ref. 31251], Khalaf 2013:4 [ref. 37897], Zhang et al. 2016:66 [ref. 34477], Zhang et al. 2019:205 [ref. 36699], Guo 2021:200 [ref. 38617]). •Valid as Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson 1845) -- (Okada 1961:740 [ref. 6363], Robison & Buchanan 1988:192 [ref. 23393], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:288 [ref. 25598], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:332 [ref. 20764], Boschung 1992:50 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:180 [ref. 22809], Kottelat et al. 1993:35 [ref. 23448], Cross & Collins 1995:69 [ref. 23394], Coad 1995:18 [ref. 23608], Scott & Crossman 1998:viii [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:82 [ref. 25838], Gabrielyan 2001:26 [ref. 25867], Kottelat 2001:28 [ref. 25482], Kottelat 2001:54 [ref. 25780], Ross et al. 2001:162 [ref. 25978], Nakabo 2002:261 [ref. 26001], Skelton 2002:172 [ref. 26839], Mirza 2003:12 [ref. 27265], Nelson et al. 2004:72 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:190 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:21 [ref. 28940], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:195 [ref. 29996], Shrestha 2008:90 [ref. 29923], Almirón et al. 2009:1 [ref. 30204], Minckley & Marsh 2009:182 [ref. 31114], Coad 2010:191 [ref. 36620], Esmaeili et al. 2010:370 [ref. 33391], Koerber 2011:1 [ref. 31122], Page & Burr 2011:154 [ref. 31215], Gurung et al. 2013:4882 [ref. 32969], Kottelat 2013:112 [ref. 32989], Page et al. 2013:72 [ref. 32708], Barriga Salazar 2014:104 [ref. 35745], Koerber 2014:1 [ref. 33621], Parin et al. 2014:80 [ref. 33547], Barbieri et al. 2015:53 [ref. 35029], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:74 [ref. 34894], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:873 [ref. 34062], Mirande & Koerber 2015:10 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:435 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:26 [ref. 35565], Semenchenko et al. 2016:186 [ref. 34974], Esmaeili et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:30 [ref. 36089], Ćaleta et al. 2019:172 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108], Ng et al. 2019:527 [ref. 36606], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:100 [ref. 37983], Reis et al. 2020:456 [ref. 38364], Baikeche et al. 2021:959 [ref. 39080], Fu et al. 2021:9569 [ref. 39347], Taki et al. 2021:109 [ref. 39830], Çiçek et al. 2022:4 [ref. 38985], Bertaco & Azevedo 2023:3 [ref. 39997], Bertaco et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40740], Chan et al. 2023:137 [ref. 40365], Çiçek et al. 2023:32 [ref. 40326], Çiçek et al. 2023:20 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2023:376 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[15] [ref. 40328], Jamandre 2023:166 [ref. 40455], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2023:32 [ref. 40667], Nagy et al. 2023:356 [ref. 40348], Page et al. 2023:66 [ref. 40505], Shumka et al. 2023:38 [ref. 40747], Çiçek et al. 2024:184 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson 1845). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: East Asia: Yangtze River basin (China). Widely introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater.

nothulus, Leuciscus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1841:fasc. 30, intro p. 5, Pl. 112 (fig. 2) [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 512] No locality. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

novacula, Cyprinus Valenciennes [A.] in Jacquemont 1838:no p., Pl. 15 (fig. 2-2a) [Voyage dans l'Inde pendant les années 1828 à 1832; ref. 17872] Madras, India. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-3895. Paralectotypes: MNHN B-2535 [ex MNHN 0000-3895] (8). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:84 [ref. 19574]. Type information: Daget 1984:512 [ref. 23265]. Also appeared in Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:345 [ref. 1010] as Leuciscus novacula. Lectotype selected by Bănărescu 1968:7 [ref. 7866]. Plate probably dates to 1838, see Britz et al. 2017:540 [ref. 35498]. •Valid as Salmostoma novacula (Valenciennes 1838) (often dated 1840) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:324 [ref. 20764], Menon 1999:28 [ref. 24904], Yadav 2003:7 [ref. 27711]). Current status: Valid as Salmostoma novacula (Valenciennes 1838). Danionidae: Chedrinae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

novaehollandiae, Equula Steindachner [F.] 1879:31 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 16 (no. 4); ref. 20480] Cleveland Bay, Townsville, Queensland, Australia, 19°16'S, 146°48'E. Holotype (unique): SMNS 2285 (discarded in 1958). Type catalog: Fricke 1995:16 [ref. 28100], Fricke 2005:46 [ref. 29864]. Originally as novae Hollandiae, correction mandatory; later described in more detail in Steindachner 1879:11 [ref. 4228]. •Synonym of Leiognathus leuciscus (Günther 1860) -- (Jones 1985:590 [ref. 21842], Woodland et al. 2001:2810 [ref. 26095]). •Synonym of Equulites leuciscus (Günther 1860) -- (Chakrabarty & Sparks 2022:420 [ref. 39869]). •Nomen Dubium -- (Suzuki & Kimura 2023:32 [ref. 40749]). Nomen Dubium. Current status: Synonym of Equulites. Leiognathidae: Gazzinae. Habitat: marine.

obesus, Leuciscus Storer [D. H.] 1845:48 [Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History v. 2 (1845-1848); ref. 18835] Tennessee River at Florence, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): MCZ 99849 (missing). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:66 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:123 [ref. 23395]. •Status uncertain -- (Gilbert 1978:66 [ref. 7042]). •Questionably a junior synonym of Luxilus chrysocephalus Rafinesque 1820, subspecies chrysocephalus Rafinesque 1820 -- (Gilbert 1998:124 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Uncertain as Luxilus chrysocephalus Rafinesque 1820. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

oligolepis, Chondrostoma Robalo [J. I.], Doadrio [I.], Almada [V. C.] & Kottelat [M.] 2005:47 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 16 (no. 1); ref. 28218] Creeks near Alcobazar [probably Alcobaça] and Cintra [apparenlty an unknown locality], Portugal. Lectotype: NMW 49815-2. Paralectotypes: NMW 49815-1 and 3-4 (3). Replacement name for Leuciscus macrolepidotus Steindachner 1866, preoccupied by Leuciscus macrolepidotus Ayres 1854. Lectotype selected by Robalo et al. 2005:48 [ref. 28218]. •Valid as Chondrostoma oligolepis Robalo, Doadrio, Almada & Kottelat 2005 -- (Robalo et al. 2005:24 [ref. 28431], Gante et al. 2007:26 [ref. 29300], Gante et al. 2010:968 [ref. 35176]). •Valid as Achondrostoma oligolepis (Robalo, Doadrio, Almada & Kottelat 2005) -- (Robalo et al. 2007:370 [ref. 28878], Doadrio & Elvira 2007:296 [ref. 29510], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:157 [ref. 29996], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Doadrio et al. 2023:17 [ref. 40184]). Current status: Valid as Achondrostoma oligolepis (Robalo, Doadrio, Almada & Kottelat 2005). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southwest Europe: rivers in northern Portugal. Habitat: freshwater.

oregonensis, Cyprinus (Leuciscus) Richardson [J.] (ex Gairdner) 1836:305 [Fauna Boreali-Americana Part 3; ref. 3731] Columbia River, (probably Fort Vancouver), southern Washington, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1855.9.19.804. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:126 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Ptychocheilus oregonensis (Richardson 1836) -- (Lee et al. 1980:349 [ref. 22416], McAllister 1990:64 [ref. 14674], Mayden et al. 1991:819, 833 [ref. 19123], Page & Burr 1991:69 [ref. 18983], La Rivers 1994:376 [ref. 23389], Gilbert 1998:126 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:487 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:141 [ref. 25838], Wydoski & Whitney 2003:132 [ref. 27816], Nelson et al. 2004:77 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:37 [ref. 28940], McPhail 2007:120 [ref. 31199], Page & Burr 2011:161 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:77 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:75 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Ptychocheilus oregonensis (Richardson 1836). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: Western North America: northwestern U.S.A. and western Canada. Habitat: freshwater.

orfus, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:324 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Rhine, English rivers and lakes. No types known. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:24 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. Spelled orphus in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1841:227 [ref. 1010] and by authors. •Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:564 [ref. 20661], Lelek 1987:203 [ref. 22962], Kottelat 1997:67 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1998:64 [ref. 23589], Fricke 1999:24 [ref. 24101], Sideleva 2001:50 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:9 [ref. 27815]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

orientalis, Leuciscus Nordmann [A. von] 1840:484 [Voyage dans la Russie méridionale et la Crimée; ref. 3209] Abkhazia [Abasie], Georgia [Asia]. No types known. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Berg 1949:557 [ref. 20661], Bianco & Bănărescu 1982:77 [ref. 8508]). •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608], Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566], Bogutskaya 1998:63 [ref. 23589]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:23 [ref. 28742]). •Valid as Squalius orientalis (Nordmann 1840) -- (Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Turan et al. 2009:60 [ref. 30540], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:880 [ref. 34062], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Khaefi et al. 2016:157 [ref. 34748], Turan et al. 2017:2 [ref. 35136], Esmaeili et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35254], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644]. Kaya et al. 2020:328 [ref. 37582], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37535], Çiçek et al. 2023:412 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[35] [ref. 40328] with question, Çiçek et al. 2024:261 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Squalius orientalis (Nordmann 1840). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: Caspian Sea region. Habitat: freshwater.

orientalis, Squalius Heckel [J. J.] 1847:225, Pl. 16 (fig. 2) [Reisen in Europa, Asien und Africa v. 2 (pt 3); ref. 2068] Kueik River near Aleppo, Syria. Syntypes: NMW 49438 (3), ?49440 (2). Possibly not intended by Heckel as an original species description; otherwise it is a homonym of Leuciscus orientalis Nordmann 1840. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566]). •Synonym of Squalius berak Heckel 1843 -- (Çiçek et al. 2024:255 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Squalius berak Heckel 1843. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

orthonotus, Cyprinus Hermann [J.] 1804:322 [Observationes zoologicae; ref. 2146] France. No types known. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

oshimae, Leuciscus Fowler [H. W.] 1958:12 [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 310; ref. 1470] Replacement name for Leuciscus mongolicus Oshima 1926, preoccupied by Squalius mongolicus Kessler 1876 when both are in in Leuciscus. •Questionably a synonym of Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Kottelat 2006:39 [ref. 28831]). Replacement Name. Current status: Uncertain as Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

oxianus, Idus Kessler [K. F.] 1877:129 [The Aralo-Caspian Expedition; ref. 2597] Lower part of Amu Darya River, Uzbekistan. Syntypes: (3) ZIN 3665-66 (1, 1). Also on p. 124 as Squalius oxianus. •Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Berg 1949:567 [ref. 20661], Mitrofanov et al. 1987:118 [ref. 37731], Kozhara et al. 2023:445 [632] [ref. 40779]). •Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 2006:39 [ref. 28831]). •Valid as Leuciscus oxianus (Kessler 1877). Current status: Valid as Leuciscus oxianus (Kessler 1877). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Central Asia: Amu Darya River basin. Habitat: freshwater.

oxianus, Squalius Kessler [K. F.] 1877:124 [The Aralo-Caspian Expedition; ref. 2597] Lower part of Amu Darya River, and Kunja-Urgentsch in delta of Amu Darya River, Uzbekistan. Syntypes: (2) ?Univ. of St. Petersburg 463, none found at ZIN. •Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Reshetnikov et al. 1997:738 [ref. 24702]). •Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:67 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1998:64 [ref. 23589], Kottelat 2006:39 [ref. 28831]). •Synonym of Leuciscus oxianus (Kessler 1877). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus oxianus (Kessler 1877). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

oxygastroides, Leuciscus Bleeker [P.] 1852:431 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 16827] Kusan River, Prabukarta, southeastern Borneo; Mussi River, Palembang, southeastern Sumatra; Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Lectotype: BMNH 1866.5.2.216. Paralectotypes: (8) RMNH 4984 (5), 8062 (1). Original as oxygastroïdes. Lectotype selected by Alfred 1963:129 [ref. 20554]. Lectotype locality unknown. Chela megalolepis Günther 1868 is an unneeded substitute name. •Valid as Oxygaster oxygastroides (Bleeker 1852) -- (Bănărescu 1969:192 [ref. 7797], Bănărescu 1971:17 [ref. 20612], Roberts 1989:57 [ref. 6439]). •Valid as Parachela oxygastroides (Bleeker 1852) -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:41 [ref. 23448], Kottelat 1995:57 [ref. 21728], Rainboth 1996:69 [ref. 22772], Doi 1997:9 [ref. 22832], Kottelat 2000:85 [ref. 25486] as cf. oxygastroides, Kottelat 2001:68 [ref. 25780] as cf. oxygastroides, Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:153 [ref. 28284], Kottelat 2013:138 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2015:43 [ref. 33971], Ng et al. 2019:528 [ref. 36606], Taki et al. 2021:76 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Parachela oxygastroides (Bleeker 1852). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Sundaland, Chao Phraya and Mekong River basins, Indonesia, Malay Peninsula, Thailand, Laos and Cambodia. Habitat: freshwater.

oxyrrhis, Squalius La Blanchère [H. de] 1873:662 [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 76 (pt. 1, no. 10); ref. 18444] Aveyron, upper Lot, Trueyre, Argence, and Viaur rivers, France. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Leuciscus burdigalensis Valenciennes 1844 -- (Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Leuciscus oxyrrhis (La Blanchère 1873) -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:209 [ref. 29996]). Current status: Valid as Leuciscus oxyrrhis (La Blanchère 1873). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: France. Habitat: freshwater.

pacificus, Myxus Steindachner [F.] 1900:175 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 37 (no. 16) (for 21 June 1900); ref. 20498] Laysan Island, Leeward Islands, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): UMB (not found). Type catalog: Wahlert 1955:326 [ref. 21527]. Species later described in detail in Steindachner 1900:500 [ref. 14892] (p. 18 of separate). •Questionably a synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Mundy 2005:278 [ref. 28379]). •Possibly young of Chaenomugil leuciscus (Günther 1872) -- (Thomson 1997:545 [ref. 23428]). Current status: Uncertain as Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

pagellus, Leuciscus De Filippi [F.] 1844:400 [14] [Pesci finora osservati in Lombardia v. 1; ref. 19961] Lombardy, northern Italy. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. On p. 14 of separate. Also appeared in De Filippi 1845:95 [ref. 18079]. •Synonym of Rutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Bianco & Taraborelli 1985:136 [ref. 21914]). •Synonym of Rutilus aula (Bonaparte 1841) -- (Kottelat 1997:77 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Leucos aula (Bonaparte 1841) Current status: Synonym of Leucos aula (Bonaparte 1841). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

pallens, Leuciscus Blanchard [C. E.] 1866:386, Fig. 88 [Les poissons des eaux douces de la France; ref. 310] Small rivers in the vicinity of Annecy, France. Syntypes: ?MNHN. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

pamvoticus, Leuciscus cabeda var. Stephanidis [A.] 1939:30, Pl. 6 [The freshwater fishes of northern Greece and the island of Corfu.; ref. 21156] Lake Pamvotis, central Greece. Syntypes: apparently lost. Named pamvotis by Schmidt-Ries 1943:334 [ref. 23019]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:66 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Squalius pamvoticus (Stephanidis 1939) -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:271 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Zupančič et al. 2010:155 [ref. 31002], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Barbieri et al. 2015:66 [ref. 35029], Shumka et al. 2023:40 [ref. 40747]). Current status: Valid as Squalius pamvoticus (Stephanidis 1939). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Albania and Greece. Habitat: freshwater.

pareti, Squalius Bonaparte [C. L.] 1841:fasc. 30, Intro. 16 [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 515] Liguria, Italy. Syntypes: ANSP 6332-34 (3), USNM 10139 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:86 [ref. 13621]. Also described as new in Bonaparte 1842:148 [ref. 16977] with locality fish market of Scoglietto del Durazzo, Genoa, Italy. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •? Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

parvulus, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:64, Pl. 487 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Crimea, Ukraine. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-3954. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:78 [ref. 19574]. •Synonym of Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:795 [ref. 20661], Kottelat 1997:86 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

parvus, Leuciscus Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1846:215, Pl. 102 (figs. 3, 3a-b) [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Japan. Lectotype: RMNH 2634. Paralectotypes: RMNH 2638 (1). Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:164 [ref. 12876]. •Valid as Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) -- (Berg 1949:636 [ref. 20661], Kuroda 1953:275 [ref. 39545], Okada 1961:456 [ref. 6363], Lu et al. 1977:462 [ref. 2850], Coad 1981:11 [ref. 22348], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:56 [ref. 6441], Wang 1984:21 [ref. 22951], Yu in Kuang et al. 1986:95 [ref. 26639] dated 1842, Bianco 1988:973 [ref. 22382], Chen & Li in Chu & Chen 1989:104 [ref. 13584], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:302 [ref. 25598], Zheng et al. 1989:125 [ref. 21202], Jin in Pan et al. 1991:193 [ref. 23876], Mitrofanov et al. 1992:159 [ref. 37756], Wu & Wu 1992:275 [ref. 21205], Ding 1994:251 [ref. 21531], Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608], Yang & Chen 1995:47 [ref. 23555], Zhu 1995:75 [ref. 25213], Balma & Delmastro 1996:217 [ref. 24735], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:38 [ref. 22798], Naseka 1996:153 [ref. 22943], Pipoyan 1996:549 [ref. 24653], Coad 1996:84 [ref. 25304], Cheng & Zhou 1997:159 [ref. 26385] dated 1842, Kim 1997:193 [ref. 24032], Takahashi et al. 1997:44 [ref. 24971], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:740 [ref. 24702], Watanabe 1998:262 [ref. 23491], Chen in Chen 1998:134 [ref. 23556], Naseka 1998:84 [ref. 23590], Yue in Chen et al. 1998:263 [ref. 23878], Briolay et al. 1998:101 [ref. 25586], Bănărescu 1999:207 [ref. 24846], Watanabe et al. 2000:43 [ref. 24482], Nakabo 2000:266 [ref. 25086], Matsuura et al. 2000:108 [ref. 26000], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:44 [ref. 26178], Gabrielyan 2001:27 [ref. 25867], Kottelat 2001:72 [ref. 25780], Sakai et al. 2001:87 [ref. 25693], Tang et al. 2001:13 [ref. 25373], Wang et al. 2001:123 [ref. 26566] dated 1842, Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:194 [ref. 26728], Kim & Park 2002:94 [ref. 25913], Nakabo 2002:266 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:158, 505 [ref. 26218], Hagiwara 2003:36 [ref. 27188], Jang et al. 2003:119 [ref. 27681], Hanel 2003:50 [ref. 27894], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:68 [ref. 28183], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:170 [ref. 28369], Hanel & Lusk 2005:221 [ref. 28804], Kottelat 2006:47 [ref. 28831], Ocock et al. 2006:43 [ref. 28933], Xiao et al. 2007:979 [ref. 29459], Fricke et al. 2007:46 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:99 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:326 [ref. 30085], Esmaeili et al. 2010:371 [ref. 33391], Kottelat 2013:147 [ref. 32989], Parin et al. 2014:86 [ref. 33547], Kawase & Hosoya 2015:294 [ref. 33755], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:878 [ref. 34062], Barbieri et al. 2015:60 [ref. 35029], Esmaeili et al. 2015:121 [ref. 35030], Çiçek et al. 2015:145 [ref. 35151], Zhang et al. 2016:77 [ref. 34477], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:662 [ref. 34853], Semenchenko et al. 2016:186 [ref. 34974], Neumann et al. 2016:304 [ref. 35036], Esmaeili et al. 2017:54 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:34 [ref. 36089], Ćaleta et al. 2019:154 [ref. 37026], Coad 2019:5 [ref. 36775], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108], Zhang et al. 2019:225 [ref. 36699], Çiçek et al. 2020:249 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:105 [ref. 37983], Kaya et al. 2020:332 [ref. 37582], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37535], Yogurtçuoglu et al. 2020:[10] [ref. 37627], Baikeche et al. 2021:959 [ref. 39080], Dyldin et al. 2021:23 [ref. 38804], Dyldin & Orlov 2021:65 [ref. 38158], Fu et al. 2021:9569 [ref. 39347], Guo 2021:214 [ref. 38617], Taki et al. 2021:105 [ref. 39830], Çiçek et al. 2022:4 [ref. 38985], Chen et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40668], Çiçek et al. 2023:33 [ref. 40326], Çiçek et al. 2023:381 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[22] [ref. 40328], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2023:32 [ref. 40667], Nagy et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40348], Çiçek et al. 2023:152 [ref. 40728], Saiki et al. 2023:69 [ref. 40766], Shumka et al. 2023:39 [ref. 40747], Çiçek et al. 2024:193 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schlegel 1846). Gobionidae. Distribution: East Asia: Japan and China. Widely introduced in Asia, Europe, Turkey, Iran and northern China. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

pauperum, Leuciscus De Filippi [F.] 1844:401 [15] [Pesci finora osservati in Lombardia v. 1; ref. 19961] Lombardy, northern Italy. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. On p. 15 of separate. Also appeared in De Filippi 1845:97 [ref. 18079]. •Synonym of Rutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Bianco & Taraborelli 1985:136 [ref. 21914]). •Synonym of Rutilus aula (Bonaparte 1841) -- (Kottelat 1997:77 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Leucos aula (Bonaparte 1841) Current status: Synonym of Leucos aula (Bonaparte 1841). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

pausingeri, Leuciscus Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1039 [49] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Egelsee, Austria. Syntypes: NMW 49884-86 (1, 1, 1). On p. 49 of separate [ref. 2067]. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

pectinata, Allenina Fernández-Yépez [A.] (ex Eigenmann) 1948:40, Fig. 19 [Boletin Taxonómico del Laboratorio de Pesquería de Caiguire, Venezuela No. 1; ref. 1316] Maracapuru [= Manacapuru], Brazil. Holotype (unique): CAS 57149 [ex IU 4317]. •Synonym of Steindachnerina leuciscus (Günther 1868) -- (Vari 1991:32 [ref. 19019] as leucisca, Vari in Reis et al. 2003:61 [ref. 27061] as leucisca). Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina leuciscus (Günther 1868). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

pellucidus, Leuciscus McClelland [J.] 1839:293, 408 [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Ganges and Brahmaputra River, India. No types known. •Questionably the same as Amblypharyngodon microlepis (Bleeker 1854) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:337 [ref. 20764]). •Synonym of Amblypharyngodon mola (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1999:33 [ref. 24904]). Current status: Synonym of Amblypharyngodon mola (Hamilton 1822). Danionidae: Rasborinae. Habitat: freshwater.

peloponensis, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:197 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Morea, Peloponnese Peninsula, Greece. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-3905. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:62 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1127 [ref. 20712]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Squalius peloponensis (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:23 [ref. 28742] as peloponnensis, Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:271 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Zupančič et al. 2010:156 [ref. 31002], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Barbieri et al. 2015:66 [ref. 35029], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174]). Current status: Valid as Squalius peloponensis (Valenciennes 1844). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Greece. Habitat: freshwater.

persidis, Pseudophoxinus Coad [B. W.] 1981:2058, Fig. 1 [Canadian Journal of Zoology v. 59 (no. 11); ref. 5572] Upper Shur River drainage, near Darab on Dorab-Fasa road, 28°45.5'N, 54°24'E, Iran. Holotype: NMC 79-0154A. Paratypes: NMC 79-0154B (95), 79-0499 (5); UMMZ 209931 (2); plus nontype material. •Valid as Pseudophoxinus persidis Coad 1981 -- (Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608], Coad 1996:71 [ref. 25297]). •Valid as Leuciscus persidis (Coad 1981) -- (Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869]). •Valid as Squalius persidis (Coad 1981) -- (Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975]). •Valid as Petroleuciscus persidis (Coad 1981) -- (Bogutskaya 2002:236 [ref. 26837], Bogutskaya et al. 2006:336 [ref. 29055], Coad & Bogutskaya 2010:37 [ref. 30930], Esmaeili et al. 2010:370 [ref. 33391]). •Valid as Acanthobrama persidis (Coad 1981) -- (Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Freyhof & Özulug 2014:8 [ref. 33504], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:860 [ref. 34062], Teimori et al. 2015:90 [ref. 34095], Esmaeili et al. 2017:31 [ref. 35254], Mohammadian-Kalat et al. 2017:487 [ref. 35603], Esmaeili et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36089], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:111 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:198 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Acanthobrama persidis (Coad 1981). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Middle East: Kor, Persis, Maharlu and Hormuz River drainages (southern Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

pewzowi, Leuciscus Herzenstein [S. M.] 1883:244 [Essays north-western Mongoloa v. 3; ref. 20280] Tschon Charicha, Mongolia. Original not seen. Name only in 1883 according to Kottelat 2006:42 [ref. 28831]. Kottelat dates pewzowi to Warpachowski 1889:41, Pl. 1 (fig. 2). •Valid as Oreoleuciscus perzowi (Herzenstein 1883) -- (Berg 1949:540 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Oreoleuciscus potanini Kessler 1879 -- (Bogutskaya 1998:66 [ref. 23589], Bogutskaya 2001:23 [ref. 26833], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:90 [ref. 28183]). •Questionably a synonym of Oreoleuciscus dsapchynensis Warpachowski 1889 -- (Kottelat 2006:42 [ref. 28831]). Current status: Synonym of Oreoleuciscus dsapchynensis Warpachowski 1889. Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

phalacrocorax, Leuciscus Jordan [D. S.] & Fowler [H. W.] 1903:845, Fig. 7 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 26 (no. 1334); ref. 2463] Tana River at Tachikawa, Japan. Holotype: CAS-SU 7723. Paratypes: USNM 50784 (6, not found in 1980). Additional material: BMNH 1905.2.4.84 (1); CAS-SU 7149 (32), 8096 (3). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:33 [ref. 12291]. Correct spelling of species is hakonensis, see that account. •Synonym of Tribolodon hakonensis (Günther 1877), but a valid subspecies phalacrocorax (Jordan & Fowler 1903) -- (Okada 1961:478 [ref. 6363] with species as hokuensis). •Synonym of Tribolodon hakonensis (Günther 1877) -- (Dyldin & Orlov 2016:666 [ref. 34853]). •Synonym of Pseudaspius hakonensis (Günther 1877). Current status: Synonym of Pseudaspius hakonensis (Günther 1877). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

piceus, Leuciscus Richardson [J.] 1846:298 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China. No types known. Based solely on illustration by Reeves (see Whitehead 1970:210, Pl. 18b [ref. 11606]). •Valid as Ctenopharyngodon piceus (Richardson 1846) -- (Kuang in Kuang et al. 1986:43 [ref. 26639], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:285 [ref. 25598]). •Valid as Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson 1846) -- (Berg 1949:537 [ref. 20661], Okada 1961:741 [ref. 6363], Yang & Hwang 1964:9 [ref. 13497], Mai 1978:117 [ref. 13511], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:58 [ref. 6441], Wang 1984:34 [ref. 22951], Chen & Li in Chu & Chen 1989:37 [ref. 13584], Zheng et al. 1989:75 [ref. 21202], Song in Pan et al. 1991:80 [ref. 23876], Ding 1994:137 [ref. 21531], Yang & Chen 1995:33 [ref. 23555], Zhu 1995:29 [ref. 25213], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:44 [ref. 22798], Coad 1996:84 [ref. 25304], Cheng & Zhou 1997:113 [ref. 26385], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:739 [ref. 24702], Chen in Chen 1998:1000 [ref. 23556], Bogutskaya 1998:90 [ref. 23589], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:100 [ref. 23878], Bíró 1999:347 [ref. 24857], Fuller et al. 1999:96 [ref. 25838], Nakabo 2000:263 [ref. 25086], Matsuura et al. 2000:96 [ref. 26000], Tang et al. 2001:12 [ref. 25373], Kottelat 2001:31 [ref. 25482], Gabrielyan 2001:27 [ref. 25867], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:44 [ref. 26178], Wang et al. 2001:79 [ref. 26566], Nakabo 2002:263 [ref. 26001], Hanel 2003:54 [ref. 27894], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:51 [ref. 28183], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:170 [ref. 28369], Scharpf 2005:25 [ref. 28940], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:294 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:335 [ref. 30085], Minckley & Marsh 2009:180 [ref. 31114], Esmaeili et al. 2010:370 [ref. 33391], Ho & Shao 2011: 28 [ref. 31432], Page & Burr 2011:153 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:73 [ref. 32708], Kottelat 2013:125 [ref. 32989], Parin et al. 2014:84 [ref. 33547], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:876 [ref. 34062], Zhang et al. 2016:53 [ref. 34477], Esmaeili et al. 2017:53 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:33 [ref. 36089], Zhang et al. 2019:143 [ref. 36699], Dyldin et al. 2020:105 [ref. 37569], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:100 [ref. 37983], Fu et al. 2021:9569 [ref. 39347], Guo 2021:101 [ref. 38617], Chan et al. 2023:136 [ref. 40365], Çiçek et al. 2023:459 [ref. 40601], Dyldin et al. 2023:[15] [ref. 40328], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2023:32 [ref. 40667], Page et al. 2023:66 [ref. 40505], Shumka et al. 2023:38 [ref. 40747], Çiçek et al. 2024:185 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson 1846). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: East Asia: China, Russia. Introduced widely elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater.

pigmeus, Leuciscus Platera [A. de Broel] 1861:41 [Description of the west Düna river and its fishes; ref. 18557] Dwina [Dvina, Düna]], Latvia. No types known. •Synonym of Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel 1843) -- (Kottelat 1997:63 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:139 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel 1843). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

platycephala, Squalius turcicus var. Kamensky [S. N.] 1897:85, Pl. 4 (figs. 6-8) [Trudy Obshchestva estestvoispitatelei pri Imperatorskom, Kharkov Universitet v. 31; ref. 18369] Lake Taparavani and Kyrchbulach River, Caucasus, Georgia, Eurasia. Syntypes: (5) not found at ZIN. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) subspecies orientalis Nordmann 1840 -- (Berg 1949:559 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608], Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

platypus, Leuciscus Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1846:207, Pl. 101 (figs. 1, 1a-b) [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Japan. Lectotype: RMNH 2858a (largest of 6). Paralectotypes: BMNH 1846.2.16.73 [ex RMNH] (1), BMNH 2004.8.20.1 [ex RMNH] (1); RMNH D1852 (1, stuffed), 2858 (5 of 6, not largest); ZMB 3390 (1). Type catalog: Paepke 2001:329 [ref. 25566]. Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:160 [ref. 12876]. •Valid as Zacco platypus (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) -- (Kuroda 1953:276 [ref. 39545], Okada 1961:497 [ref. 6363], Yang & Hwang 1964:49 [ref. 13497], Bănărescu 1968:305 [ref. 20605], Mai 1978:129 [ref. 13511], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:57 [ref. 6441], Wang 1984:44 [ref. 22951], Kuang in Kuang et al. 1986:47 [ref. 26639] dated 1864 [sic], Kuang in Chu & Chen 1989:30 [ref. 13584], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:244 [ref. 25598], Zheng et al. 1989:67 [ref. 21202], Ye & Song in Pan et al. 1991:74 [ref. 23876], Ding 1994:125 [ref. 21531], Zhu 1995:25 [ref. 25213], Sato 1995:49 [ref. 25531], Cheng & Zhou 1997:102 [ref. 26385], Kim 1997:270 [ref. 24032], Takahashi et al. 1997:42 [ref. 24971], Wang et al. 1997:170 [ref. 25517], Watanabe 1998:262 [ref. 23491], Chen in Chen 1998:98 [ref. 23556], Chen & Chu in Chen et al. 1998:41 [ref. 23878], Sato et al. 1998:31 [ref. 24972], Mizuno et al. 1999:5 [ref. 25311], Nakabo 2000:262 [ref. 25086], Matsuura et al. 2000:151 [ref. 26000], Tang et al. 2001:12 [ref. 25373], Kottelat 2001:45 [ref. 25482], Wang et al. 2001:76 [ref. 26566], Kim & Park 2002:180 [ref. 25913], Nakabo 2002:262 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:158, 514 [ref. 26218], Sado & Kimura 2002:353 [ref. 26498], Hagiwara 2003:36 [ref. 27188], Jang et al. 2003:119 [ref. 27681] dated 1902, Kim et al. 2005:5 [ref. 28195], Ma et al. 2006:343 [ref. 28735], Chen et al. 2009:180 [ref. 30298], Kottelat 2013:171[ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:52 [ref. 34477], Zhang et al. 2019:132 [ref. 36699], Zhu et al. 2020:[9] [ref. 37378], Guo 2021:83 [ref. 38617]). Current status: Valid as Zacco platypus (Temminck & Schlegel 1846). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: East Asia: Japan, Korea and north China. Habitat: freshwater.

plenus, Leuciscus Richardson [J.] (ex Broussonet) 1846:299 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton river, China. No types known. Based on a sketch. Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

pleurobipunctatus, Rutilus Stephanidis [A.] 1939:19, Pl. 2 [The freshwater fishes of northern Greece and the island of Corfu.; ref. 21156] Thiamos, Lourou, Acheron and Evinos streams; Lake Trichonis, area of Kalamictisa; Corfu, Greece. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Valid as Leuciscus pleurobipunctatus (Stephanidis 1939) -- (Bianco 1988:4 [ref. 22381], Kottelat 1997:69 [ref. 22952], Bianco et al. 1996:50 [ref. 26724]). •Valid as Phoxinellus pleurobipunctatus (Stephanidis 1939) -- (Economidis 1995:208 [ref. 23025]). •Valid as Telestes pleurobipunctatus (Stephanidis 1939) -- (Ketmaier et al. 1998:47 [ref. 23809], Bogutskaya et al. 2006:336 [ref. 29055], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:286 [ref. 29996], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Barbieri et al. 2015:68 [ref. 35029], Buj et al. 2019:7 [ref. 36636], Shumka et al. 2023:40 [ref. 40747]). Current status: Valid as Telestes pleurobipunctatus (Stephanidis 1939). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southern Europe: coastal rivers in southern Albania to the Alfios River, southwestern Greece. Habitat: freshwater.

polylepis, Telestes Steindachner [F.] 1866:174 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe v. 3; ref. 21714] Mresniza and Dobra streams, cerrk in Josefthal, Croatia. Lectotype: NMW 49714-1. Syntypes: (several) MSNM 33 [ex MSNM 4660 and ex NMW] (1) Josefthal R.; NMW 18931-41 (11), ?49713 (3), 49715 (2). Type catalog: Conci & Michelangeli 1974:225 [ref. 21560]. Appeared first in abstract above, later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1866:300 [p. 1 of separate], Pl. 1 [ref. 18761]. •Valid as Leuciscus polylepis (Steindachner 1866) -- (Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079], Kottelat 1997:70 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Telestes polylepis Steindachner 1866 -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:287 [ref. 29996], Zupančič 2008:55 [ref. 29926], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:318 [ref. 30686], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Marčić et al. 2011:418 [ref. 31443], Bogutskaya et al. 2012:78 [ref. 32007], Ćaleta et al. 2015:39 [ref. 34877], Ćaleta et al. 2019:169 [ref. 37026]). Current status: Valid as Telestes polylepis Steindachner 1866. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Smit Lake drainage (Croatia) [near extinction]. Habitat: freshwater.

prasinus, Leuciscus Agassiz [L.] 1835:46, Pl. 2 [not Pl. 7] [Mémoires de la Société Neuchateloise des Sciences Naturelles v. 1; ref. 22] Lake Neuchâtel, Switzerland. Syntypes: MHNN 994 (2), 994B (2), 995 (1). Type catalog: Kottelat 1984:148 [ref. 21784]. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:80 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

presbyter, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:307 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Mumbai, India. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-3893 (3). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:71 [ref. 19574]. •Synonym of Barbus (Puntius) amphibius (Valenciennes 1842) -- (Guibé & Spillmann 1958:463 [ref. 26589]). •Uncertain in genus Puntius -- (Plamoottil & Johnson 2020:99 [ref. 37958]). •Mention in Rasbora -- (Silva et al. 2010:47 [ref. 30779]). •Synonym of Rasbora rasbora (Hamilton 1822) -- (Brittan 1954:42 [ref. 646] with question, Menon 1999:53 [ref. 24904] as presbiter). Current status: Synonym of Rasbora rasbora (Hamilton 1822). Danionidae: Rasborinae. Habitat: freshwater.

prespensis, Leuciscus cephalus Fowler [H. W.] 1977:28 [Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum (Taipei) v. 30 (nos 1/2); ref. 9336] Lake Prespa and tributaries, southwestern Yugoslavia/southeastern Albania. Available by indication to Squalius cephalus cavedanus var. prespensis Karaman 1924. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:66 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:23 [ref. 28742]). •Valid as Squalius prespensis (Fowler 1977) -- (Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:272 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Zupančič et al. 2010:156 [ref. 31002]. Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Barbieri et al. 2015:66 [ref. 35029], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174], Shumka et al. 2023:40 [ref. 40747]). Current status: Valid as Squalius prespensis (Fowler 1977). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Lakes Prespa basin (Greece, Macedonia and Albania). Habitat: freshwater.

productus, Leuciscus Storer [D. H.] 1846:416 [164] [Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (new series) v. 2 (art. 7); ref. 18840] Wabash River, [probably New Harmony, Posey County, Indiana] U.S.A. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:135 [ref. 23395]. On p. 164 of separate. Replacement name for Leuciscus elongatus Valenciennes 1844, preoccupied in Leuciscus by Luxilus elongatus Kirtland 1840. •Possible senior synonym of Rhinichthys atratulus (Hermann 1804), subspecies meleagris (Agassiz 1854) -- (Gilbert 1998:135 [ref. 23395]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Rhinichthys atratulus (Hermann 1804). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

prolixus, Leuciscus Storer [D. H.] 1845:48 [Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History v. 2 (1845-1848); ref. 18835] Alabama, U.S.A. Syntypes: ?MCZ 1840, ?MCZ 99850. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:135 [ref. 23395]. •Unidentifiable -- (Gilbert 1998:135 [ref. 23395] but MCZ specimens not examined). •Older synonym of Campostoma oligolepis Hubbs & Greene 1935 -- (Boschung & Mayden 2004:153 [ref. 27995]). Current status: Synonym of Campostoma oligolepis Hubbs & Greene 1935. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

pulchella, Gila Baird [S. F.] & Girard [C. F.] 1854:29 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 7; ref. 168] Rio Mimbres, tributary of Gila River, north of Deming, Luna County, New Mexico, U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM 233 (2, plus 1 pair of pharyngeal arches as #2787). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:136 [ref. 23395]. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Leuciscus by Leuciscus pulchellus Storer 1839. •Synonym of Gila nigrescens (Girard 1856) -- (Gilbert 1998:136 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Gila nigrescens (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater.

pulchelloides, Leuciscus Ayres [W. O.] 1850:157 [Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History v. 3 (1848-1851); ref. 15933] Fairfield County, Connecticut, U.S.A. Syntypes: (2) lost. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:136-137 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill 1818) -- (Gilbert 1998:136-137 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill 1818). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

pulchellus, Leuciscus Storer [D. H.] 1839:408 [91] [Boston Journal of Natural History v. 2 (nos 3-4) (art. 12); ref. 4278] Assumed to be Neponset River system, Walpole, Norfolk County, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Possible Storer specimens: BMNH 1865.4.29.10 (1) Delaware R. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:137 [ref. 23395]. On p. 91 of separate. •Synonym of Semotilus corporalis (Mitchill 1817) -- (Smith 1986:157 [ref. 22186], Gilbert 1998:137 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Semotilus corporalis (Mitchill 1817). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

pursakensis, Leuciscus orientalis var. Hankó [B.] 1925:140, Pl. 3 (fig. 1) [Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici v. 21 (for 29 Dec. 1924); ref. 2035] Kara-Chehir, Kötschke-Kissik and Eski-Chehir, Turkey. Syntypes: (2) lost. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:66 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •Valid as Squalius pursakensis (Hankó 1925) -- (Turan et al. 2009:60 [ref. 30540], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:139 [ref. 31360], Turan et al. 2013:322 [ref. 32584], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:15 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Kelleci et al. 2021:282 [ref. 38359], Çiçek et al. 2023:413 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:262 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Squalius pursakensis (Hankó 1925). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Sakarya River drainage, Black Sea tributaries (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

pusillus, Leuciscus Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1846:216, Pl. 102 (figs. 4, 4a-b) [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Nagasaki, Japan. Lectotype: RMNH 2639a (largest of 3). Paralectotypes: RMNH 2639b-c (2 of 3). Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:165 [ref. 12876]. •Synonym of Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) -- (Okada 1961:456 [ref. 6363], Bănărescu 1999:207 [ref. 24846], Kottelat 2006:47 [ref. 28831]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schlegel 1846). Gobionidae. Habitat: freshwater.

pygmaeus, Leuciscus DeKay [J. E.] 1842:214, Pl. 42 (fig. 134) [Zoology of New-York; ref. 1098] Sparkill Creek, near Piermont, Rockland County, New York, U.S.A. Neotype: NYSM 1405. Neotype designated by Schmidt & Daniels 2006:10 [ref. 28578]. •Valid as Umbra pygmaea (DeKay 1842) -- (Lee et al. 1980:130 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:242 [ref. 22186], Page & Burr 1991:59 [ref. 18983], Jenkins et al. in Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:247 [ref. 21581], Murdy et al. 1997:102 [ref. 23144], Crossman & Ráb 2001:860 [ref. 25475], Nelson et al. 2004:84 [ref. 27807], Schmidt & Daniels 2006:11 [ref. 28578], Scharpf 2006:22 [ref. 30386], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:344 [ref. 29996], Page & Burr 2011:376 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:87 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:175 [ref. 35886], Page et al. 2023:82 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Umbra pygmaea (DeKay 1842). Umbridae. Distribution: Eastern North America: New York south to Florida (eastern U.S.A.). Introduced in Europe. Habitat: freshwater.

pyrenaicus, Leuciscus Günther [A.] 1868:223, Fig. [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Mondego and Cintra [Sintra] rivers, Portugal. Syntypes: (at least 8) BMNH 1863.6.19.23 (1) and 1863.6.19.3 (2 spec. donated by MNCN, Madrid), BMNH.9.19.24 (1), 9.19.33-34 (2), 6.19.19-22 (3?). •Valid as Leuciscus pyrenaicus Günther 1868 -- (Bogutskaya 1994:617 [ref. 23569], Kottelat 1997:70 [ref. 22952], Ketmaier et al. 1998:47 [ref. 23809], Briolay et al. 1998:101 [ref. 25586], Coelho et al. 1998:945 [ref. 24127]). •Valid as Squalius pyrenaicus (Günther 1868) -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:21 [ref. 28742], Freyhof et al. 2006:418 [ref. 28484], Alves et al. 2002:649 [ref. 28744], Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Doadrio et al. 2007:96 [ref. 29250], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:273 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:107 [ref. 31360], Collares-Pereira & Coelho 2010:710 [ref. 31439], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174], Perea et al. 2020:[7] [ref. 37489], Doadrio et al. 2023:3 [ref. 40705]). Current status: Valid as Squalius pyrenaicus (Günther 1868). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southwestern Europe: Portugal and Ebro River drainage, Spain. Habitat: freshwater.

quadrilobatus, Cyprinus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1803:494, 554, Pl. 18 (fig. 3) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] Based on Chinese paintings. Spelled quadrilobus in Shaw 1804:212 [ref. 4015]. Kottelat also cites a Leuciscus auratus Mauduyy 1848. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 2013:85 [ref. 32989]). •Not treated by Zhang et al. 2016:83 [ref. 34477]. Current status: Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Habitat: freshwater.

rapax, Aspius Agassiz [L.] 1835:38 [Mémoires de la Société Neuchateloise des Sciences Naturelles v. 1; ref. 22] Unneeded new name for Cyprinus aspius Linnaeus 1758. •Synonym of Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus 1758) based on placement of aspius. •Synonym of Aspius aspius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Coad 1995:11 [ref. 23608], Parin et al. 2014:69 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

rapax, Cyprinus Leske [N. G.] 1774:56 [Ichthyologiae Lipsiensis specimen.; ref. 17505] Lipsiae/Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany. No types known. Based on pre-Linnaean sources, including Artedi. •Synonym of Aspius aspius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:46 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:168 [ref. 23566]). •Synonym of Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus 1758) based on placement of aspius. Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

rapax, Cyprinus Pallas [P. S.] 1814:311 [Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica v. 3; ref. 3351] Volga, Tanais and Borysthenis rivers, and Caman, Occam, and Suram. No types known. Preoccupied by Cyprinus rapax Leske 1774. •In the synonymy of Aspius aspius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:603 [ref. 20661], Bogutskaya 1998:58 [ref. 23589]). •Synonym of Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus 1758) based on placement of aspius. 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

recurviceps, Leuciscus Richardson [J.] 1846:295 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China. No types known. Based solely on an illustration by Reeves (see Whitehead 1970:210, Pl. 17a [ref. 11606]). •Valid as Erythroculter recurviceps (Richardson 1846) -- (Lu in Pan et al. 1991:93 [ref. 23876]). •Questionably the same as Culter alburnus Basilewsky 1855 -- (Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:24 [ref. 22798], Naseka 1998:75 [ref. 23590]). •Valid as Culter recurviceps (Richardson 1846) -- (Luo & Chen in Chen et al. 1998:188 [ref. 23878], Zhang et al. 2016:59 [ref. 34477], Chan et al. 2023:137 [ref. 40365]). •Valid as Chanodichthys recurviceps (Richardson 1846) -- (Kottelat 2013:87 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Chanodichthys recurviceps (Richardson 1846). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: East Asia: China. Introduced in Hong Kong (China). Habitat: freshwater.

rhomboidalis, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:78 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] China. No types known. Based on Chinese drawing. •Possibly based on Parabramis pekinensis (Basilewsky 1855). Cyprinidae. Habitat: freshwater.

rissoi, Leuciscus Schinz [H. R.] 1840:326 [Europaïsche Fauna; ref. 18695] Brooks near Nice, Département des Alpes-Maritimes, France. No types known. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

robustior, Squalius vulgaris var. Walecki [A.] 1863:341, 363 [Biblioteka Warszawska, Wiadomosci Z Nauk [Science News] v. 4; ref. 22954] Unneeded new name for Squalius chalybeius Heckel 1852 (see Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]) but is not infrasubspecific. •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

rodens, Leuciscus Agassiz [L.] 1835:39, Pl. 1 (figs. 1-2) [not Pl. 6] [Mémoires de la Société Neuchateloise des Sciences Naturelles v. 1; ref. 22] Lake Neuchâtel, Switzerland. Syntypes: MHNN 964 (2), ?USNM 1728 (1). •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

rosetta, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:356 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] China. No types known. Cyprinidae. Habitat: freshwater.

roseus, Leuciscus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1839:fasc. 24, punt. 125, Pl. 114 (fig. 1) [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 4895] Piémonte, Italy. Holotype (unique): ANSP 6525. Bonaparte specimens: MNHN 0000-3916 (1) Rome. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:57 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1118 [ref. 20712], Böhlke 1984:89 [ref. 13621]. Puntata written as 126 on first page, corrected to 125 in index. •Synonym of Rutilus pigus (Lacepède 1803) -- (Bianco & Taraborelli 1985:152 [ref. 21914], Kottelat 1997:79 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus pigus (Lacepède 1803). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

rostratus, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] (ex Agassiz) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:201 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] River Meuse at Liège, Belgium. Holotype (unique): ?MNHN 0000-0256. Appeared first as name only in Agassiz 1835:38 [ref. 22]. Based on Agassiz drawing, possible types at NMNH (see Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

rotengulus, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:318 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:142 [ref. 23395]. •Unidentifiable -- (Gilbert 1998:142 [ref. 23395]). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

roulei, Leuciscus leuciscus Bertin [L.] & Estève [R.] 1948:63 [Catalogue des types de poissons du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 4e partie; ref. 19574] Uh River, Slovakia and Ukraine. Lectotype: MNHN 1930-0206. Paralectotypes: NMP (1) plus others. Type catalog: Mlíkovský et al. 2011:153 [ref. 33498]. Appeared first as Leuciscus leuciscus natio roulei in Vladykov 1931:311, fig. 18 -- not available, infrasubspecific. Made available and dates to Bertin & Estève as above who treated Vladykov's natio as a subspecies. Lectotype selected by Kottelat 1997:69 [ref. 22952]. •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:69 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

rubella, Leuciscus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1837:fasc. 20, punt. 103, Pl. 112 (fig. 1) [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 4893] Viterbo; Marche; Naples; Perugino; Temi; Reiti, Italy. Syntypes: ANSP 6487-6508 (22), MNHN 0000-3924 (1) Rome, NMW 50772 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:57 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1117 [ref. 20712], Böhlke 1984:89 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Rutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Bianco & Taraborelli 1985:136 [ref. 21914], Kottelat 1997:80 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Sarmarutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837). Current status: Synonym of Sarmarutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

rubilio, Leuciscus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1837:fasc. 19, punt. 96, Pl. 111 (fig. 2) [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 4893] Lake Nemi, Italy. Lectotype: ANSP 6509 (93 mm SL). Paralectotypes: ANSP 6510-19 (10); ?NMW 49860 (1), 50772 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:89 [ref. 13621]. Lectotype selected by Bianco & Ketmaier 2014:394 [ref. 33417]. •Valid as Rutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Bianco & Taraborelli 1985:136 [ref. 21914], Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079], Lelek 1987:230 [ref. 22962], Kottelat 1997:80 [ref. 22952], Bianco 1997:614 [ref. 26725], Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:194 [ref. 26728], Bogutskaya & Iliadou 2006:294 [ref. 28494], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:245 [ref. 29996], Marić & Radujković 2009:145 [ref. 31438], Marić 2010:153 [ref. 31525], Perea 2010:15 [ref. 31802]). •Valid as Sarmarutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Bianco & Ketmaier 2014:393 [ref. 33417], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108], Petrosino et al. 2022:2 [ref. 39352]). Current status: Valid as Sarmarutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southern Europe: Italy endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

rubripes, Leuciscus Jerdon [T. C.] 1849:323 [Madras Journal of Literature and Science v. 15 (pt 2); ref. 4902] Bhowany River near Matypolliam, southern India. No types known. Danionidae: Danioninae. Habitat: freshwater.

ruffoi, Leuciscus cephalus Bianco [P. G.] & Recchia [F.] 1983:16, Fig.1 [Bollettino di Zoologia v. 50 (nos 1-2); ref. 8982] Savuto River, Calabria, Italy. Holotype: IZA 830a. Paratypes: IZA 830 (32). •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:66 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837) but probably a distinct taxon -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:275 [ref. 29996]). •Valid as Squalius ruffoi (Bianco & Recchia 1983) -- (Bianco & Delmastro 2011:4 [ref. 31648], Bianco 2013:6 [ref. 32897]). •May be a valid species -- (Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905]). Current status: Valid as Squalius ruffoi (Bianco & Recchia 1983). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southern Europe: southern Italy. Habitat: freshwater.

rufus, Cyprinus Vallot [J.-N.] 1837:185 [Ichthyologie française, ou histoire naturelle des poissons d'eau douce de la France.; ref. 17873] Pontailler and Auxonne, France. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

rutiloides, Leuciscus Selys-Longchamps [E. de] 1842:212, Pl. 7 (fig. 1) [Faune belge. Première partie; ref. 18717] Meuse River, Liège, Belgium. Holotype (unique): IRSNB 108. Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:13 [ref. 20755]. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952], Bianco & Ketmaier 2014:382 [ref. 33417]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

rutilus, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:324 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] European lakes. Possible syntypes: LS 44 (1, right half-skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1985:32 [ref. 20705]. For remarks on systematics see Kottelat 2006:49 [ref. 28831]. •Valid as Leuciscus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Herrera 1896:20 [ref. 39336]). •Valid as Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:494 [ref. 20661], Coad 1981:11 [ref. 22348], Cadwallader & Backhouse 1983:168 [ref. 25473], Mitrofanov et al. 1987:9 [ref. 37731], Paxton et al. 1989:217 [ref. 12442], Brumley in McDowall 1996:105 [ref. 22909], Chereshnev 1996:601 [ref. 24659], Kottelat 1997:80 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:178 [ref. 23566], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:741 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:70 [ref. 23589], Briolay et al. 1998:101 [ref. 25586], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Gabrielyan 2001:27 [ref. 25867], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:200 [ref. 26728], Allen et al. 2002:362 [ref. 25930], Hanel 2003:48 [ref. 27894], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:87 [ref. 28183], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:171 [ref. 28369], Hanel & Lusk 2005:188 [ref. 28804], Bogutskaya & Iliadou 2006:294 [ref. 28494], Kottelat 2006:49 [ref. 28831], Ocock et al. 2006:45 [ref. 28933], Allen et al. 2006:347 [ref. 29004], Fricke 2007:28 [ref. 30577], Fricke et al. 2007:46 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:246 [ref. 29996], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:167 [ref. 31251], Marić 2010:157 [ref. 31515], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Esmaeili et al. 2010:371 [ref. 33391], Bianco & Ketmaier 2014:395 [ref. 33417], Parin et al. 2014:91 [ref. 33547], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:879 [ref. 34062], Barbieri et al. 2015:62 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Levin et al. 2017:39 [ref. 35061], Romanov et al. 2017:822 [ref. 35687], Kuiter 2018:97 [ref. 36369], Ćaleta et al. 2019:164 [ref. 37026], Dolgov et al. 2018:46 [ref. 41055], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108], Özuluğ & Saç 2019:31 [ref. 36599], Çiçek et al. 2020:252 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:145 [ref. 37983], Baikeche et al. 2021:959 [ref. 39080], Pozdeev et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39511], Çiçek et al. 2023:36 [ref. 40326], Çiçek et al. 2023:408 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[34] [ref. 40328] with question, Nagy et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40348], Çiçek et al. 2024:252 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Europe and western Asia. Widely introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

rysela, Chondrostoma Agassiz [L.] 1835:38 [Mémoires de la Société Neuchateloise des Sciences Naturelles v. 1; ref. 22] Danube River at Munich, Germany. Neotype: MNHN 0000-0712. Appeared as: "-- Chrond. Rysela Ag. (Cypr. Rysela Gessner)." Neotype designated by Kottelat 1997:71 [ref. 22952]. Available with citation of the Pre-Linnaean work by Gessner (see Kottelat 1997). •Synonym of Leuciscus souffia Risso 1827 -- (Kottelat 1997:70 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Telestes souffia (Risso 1827) -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:288 [ref. 29996]). Current status: Synonym of Telestes souffia (Risso 1827). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

rysela, Telestes Heckel [J. J.] 1851:387, 388 [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 8; ref. 18259] Danube River at Munich, Germany. Neotype: MNHN 0000-0712. Very brief description. Neotype designated by Kottelat 1997:71 [ref. 22952]. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Leuciscus by Chondrostoma rysela Agassiz 1835. •Synonym of Leuciscus souffia Risso 1827 -- (Kottelat 1997:70 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Telestes souffia (Risso 1827). Current status: Synonym of Telestes souffia (Risso 1827). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

ryzela, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:199 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Turin, Italy. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-3935 (2). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:58 [ref. 19574]. Not the same as Chondrostoma rysela on p. 395 in same work. •Synonym of Rutilus pigus (Lacepède 1803) -- (Kottelat 1997:79 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus pigus (Lacepède 1803). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

sachalinensis, Leuciscus Nikolskii [A. M.] 1889:296 [Sakhalin Island and its fauna of vertebarate animals; ref. 14493] Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinskiy, Sachalin Island, Russia. Syntypes: ZIN 6598-99 (2, 1). •Synonym of Leuciscus brandtii (Dybowski 1872) -- (Berg 1949:570 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Tribolodon brandtii (Dybowski 1872) -- (authors). •Valid as Tribolodon sachalinensis (Nikolskii 1889) -- (Shedko 2005:477 [ref. 28365] as Nikolsky, Parin et al. 2014:97 [ref. 33547], Sakai & Amano 2014:219 [ref. 33610], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:667 [ref. 34853]). •Valid as Pseudaspius sachalinensis (Nikolskii 1889) -- (Dyldin et al. 2020:81 [ref. 37569], Dyldin et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38804], Dyldin & Orlov 2021:66 [ref. 38158], Zolotava & Kartavtsev 2023:323 [369] [ref. 40485], Dyldin et al. 2023:[26] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Pseudaspius sachalinensis (Nikolskii 1889). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Distribution: East Asia: Sachalin Island (Russia). Habitat: freshwater.

salax, Cyprinus Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:186 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] European lakes. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.157 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:210 [ref. 13434] but as holotype. •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wheeler 1958:210 [ref. 13434], Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

salmoides, Leuciscus Blyth [E.] 1858:289 [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 27 (no. 3); ref. 476] Alláhabád, Uttar Pradesh, India. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Raiamas bola (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1999:22 [ref. 24904], Kottelat 2013:150 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Raiamas bola (Hamilton 1822). Danionidae: Chedrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

salmoneus, Cyprinus Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:186 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Rhine River near Leiden, Netherlands. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.138 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:212 [ref. 13434] as holotype. •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wheeler 1958:212 [ref. 13434]). •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

saltator, Leuciscus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1846:30 [Atti della Settima Adunanza degli Scienziati Italiani Sesta Riunione, Milano 7a Adunanza, Napoli, Part 2; ref. 519] Western Europe. Holotype: ANSP 6364. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:90 [ref. 13621]. Appeared without distinguishing features in Bonaparte 1845:8 [ref. 13472]. •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

sandkhol, Leuciscus Sykes [W. H.] 1839:161 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1838 (pt 6) (for 27 Nov. 1838); ref. 18720] Goreh [Gorah] River at Kullumb, Deccan, India. Appeared first as above, then in Sykes 1839:58 [ref. 4306]; more complete treatment in Sykes 1841:363 [ref. 18868]. •Valid as Thynnichthys sandkhol (Sykes 1939) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:299 [ref. 20764], Menon 1999:54 [ref. 24904], Kosygin et al. 2022:653 [ref. 40736]). Current status: Valid as Thynnichthys sandkhol (Sykes 1839). Cyprinidae: Labeoninae. Distribution: South Asia: India. Habitat: freshwater.

sardella, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:243 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Sarno River at confluence with Garigliano, Italy. No types known. •Synonym of Rutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Kottelat 1997:80 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Sarmarutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837). Current status: Synonym of Sarmarutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

sardinella, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:344 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Irrawaddy River at Rangoon, Myanmar. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-3879. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:84 [ref. 19574]. Genus apparently should be Salmophasia -- see that generic account. •Valid as Salmostoma sardinella (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:327 [ref. 20764], Doi 1997:13 [ref. 22832], Menon 1999:30 [ref. 24904], Arunachalam et al. 1999:162 [ref. 25262], Karmakar 2000:27 [ref. 25662], Kottelat 2013:158 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Salmostoma sardinella (Valenciennes 1844). Danionidae: Chedrinae. Distribution: India, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

savignii, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:238, Pl. 494 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Freshwater of [Spezzia] La Spezia, Italy; Nice, France. Spelled savignyii on plate. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

savigny, Telestes Bonaparte [C. L.] 1840:fasc. 27, punt. 146, Pl. 115 (fig. 1) [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 514] Spezzia, Lake Lugano, small lakes of Piemonte, Italy. Syntypes: ANSP 6417-23 (7). Spelled savignyi on plate. Leuciscus savignyi Valenciennes listed in synonymy; apparently a manuscript name later published as L. savignii in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844. •Synonym of Leuciscus muticellus Bonaparte 1837 -- (Kottelat 1997:69 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Telestes savigny (Bonaparte 1840) -- (Bianco & Delmastro 2011:4 [ref. 31648], Bianco 2013:7 [ref. 32897]). Current status: Valid as Telestes savigny Bonaparte 1840. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Northern Italy [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

scapellus, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:347 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Sri Lanka. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-2740. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:85 [ref. 19574]. Danionidae: Chedrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

scardafa, Leuciscus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1837:fasc. 19, punt. 96, Pl. 111 (fig. 3) [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 4893] Lakes Nemi, Ronciglione, Bracciano, Fogliano and others, Italy. Syntypes: ANSP 6211-70 (59), 17002 (1, dry); ?NMW 51827 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:90 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Lee et al. 1980:360 [ref. 22416], Lelek 1987:236 [ref. 22962]). •Synonym of Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies scardaga (Bonaparte 1837). •Probably a distinct species -- (Bogutskaya 1997:179 [ref. 23566]). •Valid as Scardinius scardafa (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Kottelat 1997:84 [ref. 22952], Bianco et al. 2001:115 [ref. 26729], Ketmaier et al. 2003:13 [ref. 26727], Bianco & Kottelat 2005:234 [ref. 29332], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:256 [ref. 29996], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Bianco & Delmastro 2011:5 [ref. 31648], Bianco 2013:8 [ref. 32897], Karataş et al. 2016:130 [ref. 34987], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108]). Current status: Valid as Scardinius scardafa (Bonaparte 1837). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southern Europe: central Italy endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

scardinus, Leuciscus De Filippi [F.] 1844:400 [14] [Pesci finora osservati in Lombardia v. 1; ref. 19961] Lombardy, northern Italy. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. On p. 14 of separate. Also appeared in De Filippi 1845:96 [ref. 18079]. •Synonym of Rutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Bianco & Taraborelli 1985:136 [ref. 21914]). •Synonym of Rutilus aula (Bonaparte 1841) -- (Kottelat 1997:77 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Leucos aula (Bonaparte 1841) Current status: Synonym of Leucos aula (Bonaparte 1841). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

scarpetta, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:126 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Lake Trasimeno, Italy. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-3890 (2). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:80 [ref. 19574]. •Synonym of Scardinius scardafa (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Kottelat 1997:84 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Scardinius scardafa (Bonaparte 1837). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

schisturus, Leuciscus Oshima [M.] 1920:189, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 72; ref. 15245] Central Taiwan. Holotype (unique): ANSP 63183. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:90 [ref. 13621], Ho & Shao 2011:64 [ref. 31432]. •Synonym of Leuciscus brandtii (Dybowski 1872) -- (Berg 1949:570 [ref. 20661]). •Valid as Xenocypris schisturus (Oshima 1920) -- (Ho & Shao 2011:64 [ref. 31432] but status uncertain ). Current status: Valid as Xenocypris schisturus (Oshima 1920). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Taiwan. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

schmidti, Squalius Herzenstein [S. M.] 1896:224 [Ezhegodnik, Zoologicheskago Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk v. 1 (no. 3); ref. 14609] Lake Issykul, Kyrgyzstan. •Valid as Leuciscus schmidti (Herzenstein 1896) -- (Berg 1949:552 [ref. 20661], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802]). Current status: Valid as Leuciscus schmidti (Herzenstein 1896). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Lake Issykul, Kyrgyzstan. Habitat: freshwater.

schwenkii, Leuciscus Bleeker [P.] 1857:47 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 3 (art. 9); ref. 359] Trussan, western Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 7036 (1 of many). •Synonym of Rasbora argyrotaenia (Bleeker 1849) -- (Brittan 1954:108 [ref. 646], Kottelat 2013:151 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Rasbora argyrotaenia (Bleeker 1849). Danionidae: Rasborinae. Habitat: freshwater.

sciistius, Leuciscus Abbott [J. F.] 1901:487, Fig. [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 23 (no. 1221); ref. 2] Pei-ho River, Tien-Tsin, China. Holotype: USNM 49548 [ex CAS-SU 6301]. Paratypes: CAS-SU 6302 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:33 [ref. 12291]. Description states one paratype (mistakenly reported as 3202) was sent to USNM (now USNM 49548); specimen sent apparently was the holotype, formerly SU 6301. •Synonym of Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis (Günther 1873) -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1967:294 [ref. 20624], Lu et al. 1977:474 [ref. 2850], Yue in Chen et al. 1998:277 [ref. 23878]). •Valid as Sarcocheilichthys sciistius (Abbott 1901) -- (Li et al. 2022:345 [ref. 39293], Dyldin et al. 2023:[24] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Sarcocheilichthys sciistius (Abbott 1901). Gobionidae. Distribution: East Asia: Amur River, Huaihe River, Yellow River and Haihe River basins (China, Mongolia, Russia and Korea). Habitat: freshwater.

sclateri, Myxus (Neomyxus) Steindachner [F.] 1878:384 [8] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 78 (1. Abth.); ref. 4226] Kingsmill Islands [= Gilbert Islands]; Hawaiian Islands. Syntypes: (several) NMW 67168 (1), 77884 (1), 82505 (2). On p. 8 of separate. •Synonym of Chaenomugil leuciscus (Günther 1872) -- (Thomson 1997:477 [ref. 23428], Mundy 2005:277 [ref. 28379]). •Synonym of Neomyxus leuciscus (Günther 1872) -- (Harrison & Senou 1999:2099 [ref. 24780], Durand 2016:32 [ref. 35589]). Current status: Synonym of Neomyxus leuciscus (Günther 1872). Mugilidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

selysii, Leuciscus Selys-Longchamps [E. de] (ex Heckel) 1842:210, Pl. 6 (fig. 1) [Faune belge. Première partie; ref. 18717] Longchamps-sur-Geer, Belgium. Syntypes: IRSBN, ?MHNN 996 (1). Type catalog: Kottelat 1984:148 [ref. 21784]. Predates Leuciscus selysii Heckel 1843 (see Kottelat 1984:148 [ref. 21784]). •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952], Bianco & Ketmaier 2014:382 [ref. 33417]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

selysii, Leuciscus Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1038 [48] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Europe. Syntypes: ?NMW 50629 (1). On p. 48 of separate [ref. 2067]. Based on literature source. Predated by Leuciscus selysii Selys-Longchamps 1842 -- (see Kottelat 1984:148 [ref. 21784]). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

semotilus, Leuciscus Jordan [D. S.] & Starks [E. C.] 1905:199, Fig. 5 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 28 (no. 1391); ref. 2530] Pusan, South Korea. Holotype: USNM 51500. Paratypes: CAS-SU 8562 (14), USNM 45227 (27). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:33 [ref. 12291]. •Valid, questionably in Phoxinus -- (Howes 1985:71 [ref. 5274]). •Valid as Phoxinus semotilus (Jordan & Starks 1905) -- (Choi et al. 2003:158, 517 [ref. 26218]). •Valid as Rhynchocypris semotilus (Jordan & Starks 1905) -- (Kim 1997:265 [ref. 24032], Kim & Park 2002:174 [ref. 25913], Lee & Sim 2017:5 [ref. 35390]). Current status: Valid as Rhynchocypris semotilus (Jordan & Starks 1905). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Distribution: Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

senegalensis, Alestes (Brachyalestes) Steindachner [F.] 1870:545 [13], Pl. 2 (fig. 2) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 61 (1. Abth.); ref. 18768] Dagana, Bakel, Senegal. Syntypes: (many) BMNH 1891.5.26.17-18 (2); NMW 14222-27 (5), 13375-432 (58), 66741 (2), 66774-83 (4, 4, 2, 7, 5, 2, 4, 5, 4, 3), 66784-88 (3, 7, 4, 4, 5), 66790 (4), 66791-814 (88 in 24 lots), 66824 (5), 75895 (5), 67146-47 (3, 10), 66815-16 (4, 120), 69610 (182); ZMH 1799 (1), 1800 (1). Type catalog: Wilkens & Dohse 1993:412 [ref. 21161]. On p. 13 of separate. •Synonym of Alestes leuciscus Günther 1867 -- (Paugy 1984:150 [ref. 6183], Paugy in Lévêque et al. 1990:209 [ref. 21589]). •Synonym of Bryconalestes leuciscus (Günther 1867) -- (Boden & Geelhand de Merxem 2024:33 [ref. 40817]). •Synonym of Brycinus leuciscus (Günther 1867). Current status: Synonym of Brycinus leuciscus (Günther 1867). Alestidae. Habitat: freshwater.

sieboldii, Leuciscus Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1846:211, Pl. 101 (figs. 5, 5a-b) [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Japan. Lectotype: RMNH 2545a. Paralectotypes: RMNH 2545b-d (3 of 4). Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:162 [ref. 12876]. •Synonym of Zacco temmincki (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) -- (Okada 1961:504 [ref. 6363]). •Valid as Zacco sieboldii (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) -- (Hosoya et al. 2003:1 [ref. 26770], Kim et al. 2005:5 [ref. 28195], Wu et al. 2007:62 [ref. 29953]). •Valid as Nipponocypris sieboldii (Temminck ^ Schlegel 1846) -- (Chen et al. 2008:210 [ref. 29933]). Current status: Valid as Nipponocypris sieboldii (Temminck & Schlegel 1846). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: Japan and Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

sierrita, Tylosurus Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] 1882:458 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 4 (no. 254) (for 4 Aug. 1882); ref. 10610] Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western Mexico. Syntypes: USNM 28162 (1, missing), 28265 (1, missing), 28377 (1, missing), 28378 (1, missing), ?29227 (1, missing, in ledger as Pomadasys leuciscus). Additional material or syntypes: USNM 29562 and 29564 (missing, listed in USNM ledger but not in original). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:5-6 [ref. 19410]. •Synonym of Belone exilis Girard 1854, subspecies stolzmanni Steindachner 1878 -- (Mees 1962:25 [ref. 13277]). •Synonym of Tylosurus exilis (Girard 1854) -- (Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:205 [ref. 24550]). •Synonym of Strongylura exilis (Girard 1854) -- (Collette et al. 1992:4 [ref. 19410], Collette 2003:6 [ref. 27306]). Current status: Synonym of Strongylura exilis (Girard 1854). Belonidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific, from southern California to Peru and the Galápagos Islands. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

simus, Cyprinus Römer-Büchner [B. J.] 1827:68, Pl. 2 [Verzeichniss der Steine und Thiere in dem Gebiete von Frankfurt; ref. 19809] River Main at Frankfurt, Germany. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Cyprinus simus Hermann 1804. •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

sinensis, Leuciscus waleckii Rendahl [H.] 1925:197 [Fauna och Flora (Uppsala) v. 20 (no. 5); ref. 15568] Hoangho, Ping-lu-hsien; Shansi Province and Hsien-an-hsien, Honan Province, northern China. Syntypes: (3 orig.) NRM 32153 (2). Name appeared in title as Leuciscus (Idus) waleckii sinensis and on p. 197 as Idus waleckii sinensis with reference to Idus as a subgenus. Also appeared in Rendahl 1928:50 [ref. 3702] as Leuciscus (Idus) waleckii sinensis. •Synonym of Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Yang & Hwang 1964:33 [ref. 13497], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:17 [ref. 22798], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:65 [ref. 23878] as chinensis, Kottelat 2006:39 [ref. 28831], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:661 [ref. 34853]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

siuslawi, Leuciscus Evermann [B. W.] & Meek [S. E.] 1898:72, Fig. 4 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 17 (art. 2) [1897]; ref. 14683] Siuslaw River at Mapleton, Oregon, Lane County, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 48480 (not found in 1980). Paratypes: CAS-SU 5702 (1, not found); USNM 124972 [ex USBF 433] (26). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:148 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Richardsonius balteatus (Richardson 1836) -- (Scott & Crossman 1998:504 [ref. 24570]). •Synonym of Richardsonius balteatus (Richardson 1836), subspecies balteatus -- (Gilbert 1998:148 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Richardsonius balteatus (Richardson 1836). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

smyrnaeus, Leuciscus Boulenger [G. A.] 1896:154 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 18 (no. 104); ref. 14602] Izmir [Smyrna], Turkey. Syntypes: (several) BMNH 1895.12.28.19-28 (10) Smyrna. •Valid as Leuciscus smyrnaeus Boulenger 1896 -- (Bogutskaya 1996:33 [ref. 22945], Bogutskaya 1997:174 [ref. 23566]). •Valid as Squalius smyrnaeus (Boulenger 1896) -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:23 [ref. 28742], Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975]). •Valid as Petroleuciscus smyrnaeus (Boulenger 1896) -- (Bogutskaya 2002:236 [ref. 26837], Stoumboudi et al. 2006:132 [ref. 28767], Fricke et al. 2007:43 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:221 [ref. 29996], Coad & Bogutskaya 2010:37 [ref. 30930], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Barbieri et al. 2015:59 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151], Mohammadian-Kalat et al. 2017:487 [ref. 35603], Turan et al. 2018:[9] [ref. 35758], Freyhof et al. 2018:131 [ref. 35889], Çiçek et al. 2020:252 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:401 [ref. 40625], Kaya et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40658], Çiçek et al. 2024:237 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Petroleuciscus smyrnaeus (Boulenger 1896). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: Aegean Sea watersheds (Greece and Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

souffia, Leuciscus Risso [A.] 1827:438 [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] River Var, France. No types known. See discussion in Kottelat 1997:70-71 [ref. 22952] and Kottelat & Freyhof 2009:80 [ref. 30320]. •Valid as Leuciscus souffia Risso 1827 -- (Lelek 1987:207 [ref. 22962], Kottelat 1997:70 [ref. 22952], Briolay et al. 1998:101 [ref. 25586], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:170 [ref. 28369]). •Valid as Telestes souffia (Risso 1827) -- (Ketmaier et al. 1998:47 [ref. 23809], Freyhof et al. 2006:418 [ref. 28484], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:287 [ref. 29996], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:318 [ref. 30686], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Bianco & Delmastro 2011:4 [ref. 31648], Marčić et al. 2011:421 [ref. 31443], Ćaleta et al. 2019:170 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108], Veličković et al. 2020:15 [ref. 37419], Nagy et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40348]). Current status: Valid as Telestes souffia (Risso 1827). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southern Europe: from Aude to Var drainages, France and Switzerland, Soča drainage in Slovenia and Italy, Rhine drainage in Germany and Switzerland, Danube basin and Black Sea drainages. Habitat: freshwater.

spilopterus, Photogenis Cope [E. D.] 1867:378 [Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (New Series) v. 13 (pt 3) (art. 13); ref. 910] St. Josephs River, southwestern Michigan, U.S.A. Holotype or lectotype: ANSP 22901 (1). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:81 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:91 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:149-150 [ref. 23395]. Also appeared as Leuciscus spilopterus Cope in Günther 1868:254 [ref. 1990]. Lectotype not designated by Gibbs 1957:193 [ref. 12065]; see Gilbert 1998:149-150 [ref. 23395]; apparently 1 specimen originally. •Valid as Notropis spilopterus (Cope 1867) -- (Gibbs 1957:191 [ref. 12065], Gilbert 1978:81 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:312 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:180 [ref. 22186], Schaefer & Cavender 1986:122 [ref. 22457], Robison & Buchanan 1988:232 [ref. 23393], McAllister 1990:63 [ref. 14674], Scott & Crossman 1998:466 [ref. 24570]). •Valid as Cyprinella spiloptera (Cope 1867) -- (Mayden 1989:66 [ref. 12555], Page & Burr 1991:120 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:47 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:155 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:365 [ref. 21581], Stauffer et al. 1995:71 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:58 [ref. 23394], Mettee et al. 1996:171 [ref. 25836], Murdy et al. 1997:87 [ref. 23144], Gilbert 1998:150 [ref. 23395], Briolay et al. 1998:101 [ref. 25586], Fuller et al. 1999:65 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:23 [ref. 26594], Ross et al. 2001:144 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:69 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:75 [ref. 27882], Miller & Robison 2004:94 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:171 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:14 [ref. 28940], Schönhuth & Mayden 2009:78 [ref. 38584], Page & Burr 2011:236 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:70 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:69 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Cyprinella spiloptera (Cope 1867). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: northeastern U.S.A. and southeastern Canada. Habitat: freshwater.

spinicephalum, Exoglossum Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:489 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Wabash River, Indiana, U.S.A. No types known. Leuciscus spinicephalus mentioned in passing. •Synonym of Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque 1820), subspecies pullum (Agassiz 1854) -- (Gilbert 1998:150 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque 1820). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

spirlingulus, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:321, Pl. 506 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] New Jersey, U.S.A. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-3892. Paralectotypes: MNHN 0000-1709 (2) New Harmony. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:64-65 [ref. 19574] with holotype and paratypes, Gilbert 1978:79 [ref. 7042] with holotype and paratype, Gilbert 1998:150 [ref. 23395]. Bertin & Estève's treatement of a holotype wrongly regarded as establishing a lectotype by Gilbert 1998:150 [ref. 23395]; lectotype designation probably can date to Gilbert 1998:150 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis cornutus (Mitchill 1817) -- (Gilbert 1964:141 [ref. 12397], Gilbert 1978:81 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Luxilus cornutus (Mitchill 1817) -- (Gilbert 1998:150 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Luxilus cornutus (Mitchill 1817). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

spurius, Squalius Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1081 [91] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Aleppo, Syria. Syntypes: NMW 49572 (2). On p. 91 of separate [ref. 2067]. •Valid as Leuciscus spurius (Heckel 1843) -- (Coad 1991:24 [ref. 15702], Bogutskaya 1994:617 [ref. 23569], Bogutskaya 1997:174 [ref. 23566], Fricke et al. 2007:41 [ref. 29533]). •Valid as Squalius spurius Heckel 1843 -- (Turan et al. 2009:60 [ref. 30540], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:414 [ref. 40625], Saad et al. 2023:32 [ref. 40501], Çiçek et al. 2024:263 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Squalius spurius Heckel 1843. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Orontes River basin (Turkey and Syria). Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

squalius, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:191 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Italy. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-3914. Paralectotypes: MNHN B-2588 [ex MNHN 0000-3914] (1), 5421 (4). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:62 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1124 [ref. 20712]. Lectotype selected by Almaça 1969:1124 [ref. 20712]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •? Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

squaliusculus, Squalius Kessler [K. F.] 1872:61 [17], Pl. 10 (fig. 24) [Izvestiia Imperatorskago Obschchestva Liubitelei Estestvozaniia, Antropologii i Etnografii v. 10 (no. 1); ref. 14134] Syr Darya [Syr-darja] River at Khodzhent [Leninabad] and Jany-Kurga, Tajikistan. Syntypes: (about 80) SMNS 2389 (2, not found in 1994); ZIN 2074-75 (6+, 6+), 2081 (6+). Type catalog: Svetovidova 1978:262 [ref. 9011], Fricke 1995:11 [ref. 28100], Fricke 2005:33 [ref. 29864]. On p. 17 of separate. •Valid as Leuciscus squaliusculus (Kessler 1872) -- (Berg 1949:563 [ref. 20661]). •Valid as Squalius squaliusculus Kessler 1872 -- (Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975]). •Valid as Petroleuciscus squaliusculus (Kessler 1872) -- (Bogutskaya 2002:236 [ref. 26837], Coad & Bogutskaya 2010:37 [ref. 30930], Perea et al. 2010:13 [ref. 31802], Mohammadian-Kalat et al. 2017:487 [ref. 35603]). Current status: Valid as Petroleuciscus squaliusculus (Kessler 1872). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Syr Darya drainage, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Habitat: freshwater.

squalus, Cyprinus Walbaum [J. J.] 1792:28, 705 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] Rhine River. No types known. •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

squalus, Leuciscus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1837:fasc. 19, punt. 96, Pls. 111 (fig. 1), 112 (fig. 2) [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 4893] River Tiber, Italy. Lectotype: ANSP 6273. Syntypes and/or Bonaparte specimens: ANSP 6274-6309 (36), MNHN 0000-5421 (4) Tiber R. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:61 [ref. 19574], Böhlke 1984:91 [ref. 13621]. Lectotyope designated by Bianco 2014:91 [ref. 33536]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •Valid as Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:274 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Zupančič et al. 2010:155 [ref. 31002], Perea et al. 2010:13 [ref. 31802], Bianco 2013:6 [ref. 32897], Bianco 2014:92 [ref. 33536], Ćaleta et al. 2019:167 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174] with authors Heckel & Kner 1858). Current status: Valid as Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southern Europe: Italy and France; eastern Adriatic basin (Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina). Habitat: freshwater.

stagnalis, Idus Dubalen [P. E.] 1913:76 [Procès-Verbaux de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux v. 67; ref. 14147] Vendays, Cazaux, Sanguinet, Parentis, Léon, Pissos, France. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758), but a doubtful valid subspecies -- (Lelek 1987:203 [ref. 22962]). •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:69 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

stigma, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:93, Pl. 489 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Mysore, India. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-6414. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:26 [ref. 19574]. Kottelat (2013) lists this species under two genera. •Valid as Barbodes stigma (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Kottelat 2013:80 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Puntius sophore (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1999:101 [ref. 24904], Ataur Rahman 2003:152 [ref. 31338], Kottelat 2013:179 [ref. 32989]). •Valid as Puntius stigma (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Plamoottil 2014:140 [ref. 33650], Bleher 2018:732 [ref. 36647], Plamoottil 2019:717 [ref. 37157], Plamoottil & Johnson 2020:97 [ref. 37958], Plamoottil & Vineeth 2020:100 [ref. 38032]). Current status: Valid as Puntius stigma (Valenciennes 1844). Cyprinidae: Smiliogastrinae. Distribution: South Asia: southern India. Habitat: freshwater.

storeri, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:319, Pl. 505 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] New York, U.S.A. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-1689 (1), 0000-1797 [or 0000-1707] (2). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:60-61 [ref. 19574], Gilbert 1998:152 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill 1818) -- (Smith 1986:155 [ref. 22186]). •Synonym of Semotilus corporalis (Mitchill 1817) -- (Gilbert 1998:152 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Semotilus corporalis (Mitchill 1817). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

storerianus, Leuciscus Kirtland [J. P.] 1845:199 [Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History v. 1 (1841-1844); ref. 18409] Lake Erie, North America. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:152 [ref. 23395]. Appeared first in Kirtland 1842:71 [ref. 18407] as "The true Rutilus plagurus of Raf., Dr. K. had been able finally to determine. The species formerly supposed by him [Kirtland] to be such, he now proposes to call R. Storerianus." No earlier treatment can be found; a full description under Leuciscus storerianus occurs as above, and the species apparently dates to that treatment. •Valid as Hybopsis storeriana (Kirtland 1845) -- (Lee et al. 1980:194 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:139 [ref. 22186], Robison & Buchanan 1988:188 [ref. 23393], McAllister 1990:59 [ref. 14674], Scott & Crossman 1998:420 [ref. 24570]). •Valid as Macrhybopsis storeriana (Kirtland 1845) -- (Page & Burr 1991:104 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:52 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:195 [ref. 22809], Warren et al. 1994:132 [ref. 25557], Stauffer et al. 1995:105 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:79 [ref. 23394], Mettee et al. 1996:221 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:152 [ref. 23395], Lyons et al. 2000:24 [ref. 26594], Ross et al. 2001:180 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:73 [ref. 27807] dating to 1845, Bailey et al. 2004:81 [ref. 27882], Miller & Robison 2004:130 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:210 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:24 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:210 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:73 [ref. 32708], Echelle et al. 2018:547 [ref. 35765], Page et al. 2023:72 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Macrhybopsis storeriana (Kirtland 1845). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: U.S.A. and Canada. Habitat: freshwater.

stymphalicus, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:295, Pl. 498 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Lake Zarco [Zaraco], Greece. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-5821 (2). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:60 [ref. 19574]. •Valid as Pseudophoxinus stymphalicus (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Daoulas et al. 1995:89 [ref. 22309], Economidis 1995:207 [ref. 23025], Bianco et al. 1996:51 [ref. 26724], Kottelat 1997:75 [ref. 22952], Kottelat & Barbieri 2004:154 [ref. 27797], Bogutskaya et al. 2006:336 [ref. 29055]). •Valid as Pelasgus stymphalicus (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:104 [ref. 29197], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:218 [ref. 29996], Perea et al. 2010:16 [ref. 31802], Barbieri et al. 2015:58 [ref. 35029], Viñuela Rodríguez et al. 2020:4 [ref. 37612], Rodríguez et al. 2021:4 [ref. 38588], Tsaparis et al. 2021:[4] [ref. 38151]). Current status: Valid as Pelasgus stymphalicus (Valenciennes 1844). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: southwestern Greece, including northern and western Peloponnes. Habitat: freshwater.

suiyuani, Leuciscus waleckii Mori [T.] 1941:183, Fig. 2 [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 53 (no. 3); ref. 12158] Middle Hoang-ho near Pao-Tou, northern China. Holotype (unique): not researched. •Synonym of Genghis mongolicus (Kessler 1876) -- (Howes 1984:290 [ref. 5312]). •Synonym of Leuciscus chuanchicus (Kessler 1876) -- (Wu & Wu 1992:270 [ref. 21205], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:68 [ref. 23878]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus chuanchicus (Kessler 1876). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

sulphureus, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:96 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Mysore, India. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-3880. •Uncertain in genus Puntius -- (Plamoottil & Johnson 2020:99 [ref. 37958]). •Synonym of Puntius sophore (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 2013:149 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Puntius sophore (Hamilton 1822). Cyprinidae: Smiliogastrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

sumatrana, Dangila Bleeker [P.] 1852:596 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 334] Solok, western Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): ?BMNH 1866.5.2.220. Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1866.5.2.150 (1) and BMNH 1866.5.2.161 (1) Solok. Specimen in BMNH 1866.5.2.161 is also a type of Leuciscus sumatranus Bleeker 1852. •Valid as Labiobarbus sumatranus (Bleeker 1852) -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:37 [ref. 23448]). •Synonym of Labiobarbus leptocheilus (Valenciennes 1842) -- (Roberts 1994:320 [ref. 22596], Kottelat 2013:118 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Labiobarbus leptocheilus (Valenciennes 1842). Cyprinidae: Labeoninae. Habitat: freshwater.

sumatranus, Leuciscus Bleeker [P.] 1852:601 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 334] Solok, western Sumatra, Indonesia. Lectotype: RMNH 7038. Paralectotypes: (3) BMNH 1866.5.2.161 (1), RMNH 8909 (1). Lectotype selected by Alfred 1963:132 [ref. 20554]. Rasbora sumatrensis Bleeker 1860 is an unjustified emendation and objective synonym of Leuciscus sumatranus. •Valid as Rasbora sumatrana (Bleeker 1852) -- (Brittan 1954:53 [ref. 646], Rainboth & Kottelat 1987:419 [ref. 9123], Kottelat 1991:185 [ref. 13597], Kottelat et al. 1993:48 [ref. 23448], see Kottelat & Lim 1996:234 [ref. 23210], Doi 1997:13 [ref. 22832], Martin-Smith & Tan 1998:584 [ref. 23647], Ng & Tan 1999:355 [ref. 24159], Doi et al. 2001:16 [ref. 25691], Grinang & Lim 2004:289 [ref. 28551], Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:155 [ref. 28284], Parenti & Lim 2005:185 [ref. 28285] as cf. sumatrana, Tan & Kottelat 2009:49 [ref. 30261], Liao et al. 2010:166 [ref. 30521], Kottelat & Tan 2011:217 [ref. 31695], Kottelat 2012:83 [ref. 31848], Kottelat 2013:155 [ref. 32989], Lumbantobing 2014:23 [ref. 33163], Wilkinson & Tan 2018:606 [ref. 36226], Sholihah et al. 2020:3 [ref. 37317]). Current status: Valid as Rasbora sumatrana (Bleeker 1852). Danionidae: Rasborinae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: highlands of western Sumatra (Indonesia) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

sumatrensis, Rasbora Bleeker [P.] 1860:54 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 8 (art. 2); ref. 375] Solok, Sumatra, Indonesia. An unjustified emendation and objective synonym of Leuciscus sumatranus Bleeker 1852; appeared as "Rasbora sumatrensis Blkr = Leuciscus sumatranus Blkr...". •Synonym of Rasbora sumatrana (Bleeker 1852) -- (Brittan 1954:53 [ref. 646], Kottelat 2013:155 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Rasbora sumatrana (Bleeker 1852). Danionidae: Rasborinae. Habitat: freshwater.

suworzewi, Squalius Warpachowski [N. A.] 1889:17 [Zapiski Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk, Sankt Petersburg 1889; ref. 19906] Irtysch River at Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan. Syntypes: ZIN 7822 (4, now 1). •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies baicalensis (Dybowski 1874) -- (Berg 1949:546 [ref. 20661], Bogutskaya 1998:64 [ref. 23589], Sideleva 2001:50 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:8 [ref. 27815] as saworzewi). •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:69 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Leuciscus baicalensis (Dybowski 1874) -- (Kottelat 2006:37 [ref. 28831]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus baicalensis (Dybowski 1874). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

svallize, Squalius Heckel [J. J.] & Kner [R.] 1857:197, Fig. 110 [Die Süsswasserfische der Österreichischen Monarchie; ref. 2078] Lakes near Vergoraz and the swampy Narenta, Dalmatia [Croatia]. Syntypes: NMW 49593 (1), 49595-97 (1, 1, 1), 49612 (1); SMF 3398 [ex NMW] (2). •Valid as Leuciscus svallize (Heckel & Kner 1857) -- (Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079], Bianco & Knezevic 1987:51 [ref. 21912], Bogutskaya 1994:617 [ref. 23569], Kottelat 1997:71 [ref. 22952], Ketmaier et al. 1998:47 [ref. 23809]). •Valid as Squalius svallize Heckel & Kner 1857 -- (Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:275 [ref. 29996], Zupančič 2008:44 [ref. 29926], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Zupančič et al. 2010:155 [ref. 31002], Perea et al. 2010:13 [ref. 31802], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:107 [ref. 31360], Ćaleta et al. 2015:93 [ref. 34877], Ćaleta et al. 2019:168 [ref. 37026], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174]). Current status: Valid as Squalius svallize Heckel & Kner 1857. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Habitat: freshwater.

taczanowskii, Leuciscus Steindachner [F.] 1881:194 [16] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 83 (1. Abth.); ref. 4231] Sea of Japan. Syntypes: NMW 50632 (2). On p. 16 of separate. •Synonym of Leuciscus brandtii Dybowski 1872 -- (Berg 1949:569 [ref. 20661]). •Valid as Tribolodon taczanowskii (Steindachner 1881) -- (Okada 1961:483 [ref. 6363], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:57 [ref. 6441]). •Synonym of Tribolodon brandtii (Dybowski 1872) -- (Bogutskaya 1998:72 [ref. 23589], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:666 [ref. 34853]). •Synonym of Pseudaspius brandtii (Dybowski 1872). Current status: Synonym of Pseudaspius brandtii (Dybowski 1872). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

taeniatus, Cyprinus Eichwald [C. E. von] 1831:102 [Zoologia specialis quam expositis animalibus tum vivis Pars posterior [3]; ref. 5562] Kura River at Mingetschaur, Azerbaijan. No types known. •Synonym of Aspius aspius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:46 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:168 [ref. 23566]). •Synonym of Aspius aspius (Linnaeus 1758), but commonly considered a subspecies -- (Bogutskaya 1998:58 [ref. 23589]). •Synonym of Aspius aspius (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Berg 1949:606 [ref. 20661], Lelek 1987:150 [ref. 22962], Coad 1995:11 [ref. 23608], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:166 [ref. 31251], Esmaeili et al. 2010:367 [ref. 33391]). •Synonym of Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Esmaeili et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:30 [ref. 36089]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

taenionotopterus, Eleotris Bleeker [P.] 1856:298 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 355] Boleling, Bali, Indonesia. Syntypes: RMNH 4752 (2). •Synonym of Hypseleotris leuciscus (Bleeker 1853) -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:134 [ref. 23448], Parenti 2021:48 [ref. 38603] with question as Hypseleotris taenionotopterus). •Species inquendae in Hypseleotris -- (Kottelat 2013:393 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Hypseleotris cyprinoides (Valenciennes 1837) -- (Keith & Mennesson 2023:19 [ref. 40181]). Current status: Synonym of Hypseleotris cyprinoides (Valenciennes 1837). Eleotridae: Eleotrinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

tauricus, Alburnus Kessler [K. F.] 1859:534 [Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou v. 32 (pt 1); ref. 18392] Simferopol market, Crimea, Ukraine. Holotype (unique): not at ZIN. Also appeared as new in Kessler 1860:118 [ref. 18393]. •A hybrid between Leuciscus cephalus x Chalcalburnus chalcoides -- (Berg 1949:557 [ref. 20661], Kottelat 1997:183 [ref. 22952]). •Hybrid between Squalius cephalus x Alburnus chalcoides. Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

temminckii, Leuciscus Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1846:210, Pl. 101 (figs. 4, 4a-b) [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Japan. Lectotype: RMNH 2546a. Paralectotypes: RMNH D1847-D1848 (2, stuffed), RMNH [ex 2546b-e] (4). Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:162 [ref. 12876]. •Valid as Zacco temminckii (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) -- (Kuroda 1953:276 [ref. 39545], Okada 1961:504 [ref. 6363], Yang & Hwang 1964:48 [ref. 13497], Bănărescu 1968:306 [ref. 20605] as temincki, Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:57 [ref. 6441] as temmincki, Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:239 [ref. 25598] as temmincki, Okazaki et al. 1991 [ref. 20439] as temmincki, Sato 1995:49 [ref. 25531], Kim 1997:268 [ref. 24032] as temmincki, Takahashi et al. 1997:42 [ref. 24971], Wang et al. 1997:170 [ref. 25517], Watanabe 1998:262 [ref. 23491], Sato et al. 1998:31 [ref. 24972], Mizuno et al. 1999:5 [ref. 25311], Nakabo 2000:262 [ref. 25086], Matsuura et al. 2000:158 [ref. 26000], Kim & Park 2002:178 [ref. 25913], Nakabo 2002:262 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:158, 514 [ref. 26218] as temmincki, Sado & Kimura 2002:353 [ref. 26498], Hosoya et al. 2003:4 [ref. 26770], Jang et al. 2003:119 [ref. 27681], Kim et al. 2005:4 [ref. 28195], Wu et al. 2007:62 [ref. 29953]). •Valid as Nipponocypris temminckii (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) -- (Chen et al. 2008:210 [ref. 29933], Saiki et al. 2023:69 [ref. 40766]). Current status: Valid as Nipponocypris temminckii (Temminck & Schlegel 1846). Xenocyprididae. Distribution: East Asia: Japan and Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

tenellus, Squalius Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1042 [52] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Livno, Bosnia. Syntypes: NMW 16001-02 (3), 49613 (2). On p. 52 of separate [ref. 2067]. •Synonym of Leuciscus turskyi (Heckel 1843), but a valid subspecies tennellus (Heckel 1843) -- (Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079]). •Valid as Squalius tenellus Heckel 1843 -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:275 [ref. 29996], Zupančič 2008:45 [ref. 29926], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Perea et al. 2010:13 [ref. 31802], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:107 [ref. 31360], Ćaleta et al. 2015:93 [ref. 34877], Bogutskaya et al. 2019:119 [ref. 37207], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174], Ćaleta et al. 2019:168 [ref. 37026]). Current status: Valid as Squalius tenellus Heckel 1843. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southeast Europe: Karstic waters of Livanjsko Polje (Croatia; Bosnia and Herzegovina); introduced elsewhere, Habitat: freshwater.

terekensis, Leuciscus rutilus var. Rossikov [K. M.] 1895:No. 54 [Kavkazskoe Sel'skoe Khozyajstvo 54-56; ref. 23013] Terek River, Mosdok, Russia. No types known. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

teretiusculus, Leuciscus Basilewsky [S.] 1855:232, Pl. 4 (fig. 1) [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] Waters near Tianjin and draining to Gukf of Tschili, China. No types at ZIN. •Synonym of Squaliobarbus curriculus (Richardson 1846) -- (Yang & Hwang 1964:52 [ref. 13497], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:105 [ref. 23878], Kottelat 2013:91 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2013:165 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:55 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Synonym of Squaliobarbus curriculus (Richardson 1846). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

tetraspilus, Barbus Günther [A.] 1868:142 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Sri Lanka. No types known. Replacement name for Leuciscus binotatus Blyth 1858, secondarily preoccupied in Barbus by Barbus binotatus Valenciennes 1842 (see Pethiyagoda et al. 2008:212 [ref. 29986]). •Synonym of Puntius dorsalis (Jerdon 1849) -- (Menon 1999:91 [ref. 24904]). •Species inquirenda -- (Pethiyagoda et al. 2008:202, 212 [ref. 29986]). Replacement Name. Current status: Uncertain as Puntius tetraspilus (Günther 1868). Cyprinidae: Smiliogastrinae. Distribution: Sri Lanka [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

thebensis, Leuciscus Joannis [L. de] 1835:no page number, Pl. 11 [Magasin de Zoologie 1835 (5 anneé); ref. 2355] Nile River, Thebes, Egypt. •Synonym of Leptocypris niloticus (Joannis 1835) -- (Lévêque & Daget 1984:324 [ref. 6186]). Current status: Synonym of Leptocypris niloticus (Joannis 1835). Danionidae: Chedrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

thermalis, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:94, Pl. 490 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Source of hot water (50°) of Cania, Sri Lanka. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-3364 (3). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:27 [ref. 19574]. •Synonym of Puntius chola (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 2013:149 [ref. 32989]). •Uncertain in genus Puntius -- (Plamoottil & Johnson 2020:100 [ref. 37958]). •Valid as Puntius thermalis (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Pethiyagoda et al. 2012:73 [ref. 32071], Ren et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37805]). Current status: Valid as Puntius thermalis (Valenciennes 1844). Cyprinidae: Smiliogastrinae. Distribution: South Asia: Sri Lanka. Habitat: freshwater.

thynnoides, Leuciscus Bleeker [P.] 1852:599 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 334] Palembang, Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): ?BMNH 1866.5.2.89. Bleeker specimens: MNHN 0000-5835 (1) Borneo. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:50 [ref. 19574]. Original as thynnoïdes. •Valid as Thynnichthys thynnoides (Bleeker 1852) -- (Roberts 1989:80 [ref. 6439], Kottelat et al. 1993:49 [ref. 23448], Rainboth 1996:105 [ref. 22772], Doi 1997:14 [ref. 22832], Kottelat 2001:83 [ref. 25780], Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:156 [ref. 28284], Kottelat 2013:168 [ref. 32989], Ng et al. 2019:525 [ref. 36606], Taki et al. 2021:107 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Thynnichthys thynnoides (Bleeker 1852). Cyprinidae: Labeoninae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Sundaland, Malay Peninsula to Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

tincella, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:323 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Mexico. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-8600. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:72 [ref. 19574], Gilbert 1998:157 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Leuciscus tincella Valenciennes 1844 -- (Herrera 1896:23 [ref. 39336] with genus as Leucus). •Valid as Algansea tincella (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:10 [ref. 22290], Gilbert 1998:157 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:68 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:11 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:107 [ref. 28615], Pérez-Rodríguez et al. 2009:484 [ref. 30469], Page et al. 2013:68 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:67 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Algansea tincella (Valenciennes 1844). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Southern North America: Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

torgalensis, Leuciscus Coelho [M. M.], Bogutskaya [N. G.], Rodrigues [J. A.] & Collares-Pereira [M. J.] 1998:939, Figs. 1, 4b [Journal of Fish Biology v. 52 (no. 5); ref. 24127] Torgal River, Odemira, Mira basin, Portugal. Holotype: MB 23297/05-1220a. Paratypes: MB 23297/05-1220b (16), 7248/05-380 (24); includes 2 skeletons. •Valid as Leuciscus torgalensis Coelho, Bogutskaya, Rodrigues & Collares-Pereira 1998. •Valid as Squalius torgalensis (Coelho, Bogutskaya, Rodrigues & Collares-Pereira 1998) -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:22 [ref. 28742], Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Doadrio et al. 2007:96 [ref. 29250], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:276 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:107 [ref. 31360], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174]). Current status: Valid as Squalius torgalensis (Coelho, Bogutskaya, Rodrigues & Collares-Pereira 1998). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Mira River basin, southern Portugal. Habitat: freshwater.

transcaspiensis, Squalius Berg [L. S.] 1898:16 [3] [Dnevn. Zool. Otdel. Obsh. Zool. Mus. v. 2 (no. 7); ref. 14676] Apparently Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, not Ashgabat on the Tedschent River. Syntypes: (many) ZMMU (not found in 2002). On p. 3 of separate. •Synonym of Leuciscus latus (Keyserling 1861) -- (Berg 1949:549 [ref. 20661], Coad 1981:11 [ref. 22348], Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608]). •Synonym of Squalius latus Keyserling 1861 -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:148 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:259 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Squalius latus Keyserling 1861. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

transcaucasicus, Aspius Warpachowski [N. A.] 1896:29 [7] [Russkoe sudochodstvo: ezemesjacnyi zurnal Imperatorskago Obscestva Sudokhodstva Sankt-Peterburg No. 158; ref. 19621] Lenkoran River and Lake Bussadagny, Azerbaijan. Syntypes: ZIN 10488 (2), 10497-98 (1, 2). On p. 7 of separate. •Synonym of Aspius aspius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:606 [ref. 20661], Coad 1995:11 [ref. 23608], Kottelat 1997:47 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:168 [ref. 23566]). •Synonym of Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus 1758) based on placement of aspius. Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

trasimenicus, Leuciscus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1837:fasc. 20, punt. 103, Pl. 112 (fig. 4) [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 4893] Perugia, Natale, Lake Trasimeno, Italy. Syntypes: ANSP 5039-58 (20), ?NMW 50789 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:93 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Rutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Bianco & Taraborelli 1985:136 [ref. 21914], Kottelat 1997:80 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Sarmarutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837). Current status: Synonym of Sarmarutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

trichilus, Mugil Vaillant [L. L.] & Sauvage [H.-E.] 1875:281 [Revue et Magasin de Zoologie (Sér. 3) v. 3; ref. 17853] Hawaiian Islands. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-8073 (3), 0000-8074 (3), A-0467 (2). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:699-700 [ref. 21541]. •Synonym of Chaenomugil leuciscus (Günther 1872) -- (Thomson 1997:477 [ref. 23428], Kottelat 2013:282 [ref. 32989] with question). •Synonym of Neomyxus leuciscus (Günther 1872). •Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758, but available as a Hawaiian subspecies if needed -- (Randall 2007:135 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Mugilidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

tricolor, Leuciscus Lortet [L.] 1883:166, Pl. 12 (fig. 2) [Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Lyon v. 3; ref. 14341] Lakes east of Damascus, Syria. •Valid as Acanthobrama tricolor (Lortet 1883) -- (Coad 1991:23 [ref. 15702], Fricke et al. 2007:28 [ref. 29533], Freyhof & Özulug 2014:8 [ref. 33504], Saad et al. 2023:27 [ref. 40501], Çiçek et al. 2024:200 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Acanthobrama tricolor (Lortet 1883). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Syria and Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

trinema, Leuciscus Bleeker [P.] 1852:600 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 334] Palembang, Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1866.5.2.98. Type catalog: Alfred 1963:132 [ref. 20554]. •Valid as Luciosoma trinema (Bleeker 1852) -- (Roberts 1989:44 [ref. 6439], Bănărescu 1991:33 [ref. 20021], Kottelat et al. 1993:38 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Lim 1996:230 [ref. 23210], Doi 1997:8 [ref. 22832], Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:151 [ref. 28284], Kottelat 2013:122 [ref. 32989], Ng et al. 2019:526 [ref. 36606]). Current status: Valid as Luciosoma trinema (Bleeker 1852). Danionidae: Chedrinae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Malaya (Malaysia), Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

tschiliensis, Leuciscus Basilewsky [S.] 1855:233 [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] Gulf of Tschili [Tchili] and tributary streams, Manchuria, China. No types at ZIN. •Synonym of Ctenopharyngodon idellus (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Yang & Hwang 1964:13 [ref. 13497], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:103 [ref. 23878]). •Synonym of Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Bíró 1999:305 [ref. 24857], Kottelat 2006:29 [ref. 28831], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:335 [ref. 30085], Kottelat 2013:91 [ref. 32989], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:658 [ref. 34853]). Current status: Synonym of Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes 1844). Xenocyprididae. Habitat: freshwater.

tuditanus, Hybopsis Cope [E. D.] 1867:381 [Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (New Series) v. 13 (pt 3) (art. 13); ref. 910] Detroit River, Michigan; St. Joseph River, Michigan; Wabash River at Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 5019-21 (3, in poor condition) Detroit R. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:94 [ref. 13621]; see also Fowler 1918:20 [ref. 11665], Gilbert 1998:158 [ref. 23395]. Also appeared as Leuciscus tuditanus Cope in Günther 1868:259 [ref. 1990]. •Synonym of Pimephales notatus (Rafinesque 1820) -- (Gilbert 1998:158 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Pimephales notatus (Rafinesque 1820). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

tumensis, Leuciscus waleckii Mori [T.] 1930:44 [6] [Journal of the Chosen Natural History Society No. 11; ref. 16505] Mo-san, Korea. Holotype: not researched. Additional specimens: (10). On p. 6 of separate. •Synonym of Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Berg 1949:569 [ref. 20661], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:17 [ref. 22798], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:738 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:65 [ref. 23589], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:67 [ref. 23878], Zhang et al. 2016:52 [ref. 34477]). •Synonym of Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Kottelat 2006:39 [ref. 28831], Parin et al. 2014:83 [ref. 33547], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:661 [ref. 34853] mention). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

turcicus, Squalius De Filippi [F.] 1865:359 [Note di un viaggio in Persia nel 1862; ref. 13943] River Arax [Aras Nehri] near Erzurum, Turkey. ?MZUT. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies orientalis Nordmann 1840 -- (Berg 1949:557 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608], Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566]). •Valid as Squalius turcicus De Filippi 1865 -- (Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Turan et al. 2013:323 [ref. 32584], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Khaefi et al. 2016:156 [ref. 34748], Esmaeili et al. 2016:119 [ref. 34985], Turan et al. 2017:2 [ref. 35136], Esmaeili et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35254], Çiçek et al. 2018:16 [ref. 36267], Esmaeili et al. 2018:38 [ref. 36089], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:152 [ref. 37983], Kaya et al. 2020:337 [ref. 37582], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37535], Çiçek et al. 2023:414 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:264 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Squalius turcicus De Filippi 1865. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Kura-Aras River and southern Caspian Sea basins (Turkey, Iran). Habitat: freshwater.