Species that contain: Malacocephalus and laevis [ 4 ] records

hawaiiensis, Malacocephalus Gilbert [C. H.] 1905:677, Fig. 265 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 23 (pt 2) [for 1903]; ref. 1631] Off southern coast of Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands, Albatross station 3907, depth 304-315 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 51618. Paratypes: CAS-SU 8522 (3). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:58-59 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Malacocephalus hawaiiensis Gilbert 1905 -- (Iwamoto in Cohen et al. 1990:241 [ref. 18936], Iwamoto & Williams 1999:187 [ref. 23875], Mundy 2005:253 [ref. 28379]). •Likely a synonym of Malacocephalus laevis (Lowe 1843) -- (Iwamoto & McMillan 2008:341 [ref. 30636], Iwamoto 2016:1985 [ref. 34585]). Current status: Synonym of Malacocephalus laevis (Lowe 1843). Macrouridae. Distribution: Hawaiian Islands [if valid]. Habitat: marine.

laevis, Macrourus Lowe [R. T.] 1843:92 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1843 (pt 11); ref. 2832] Off Madeira. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1855.11.29.4. •Valid as Malacocephalus laevis (Lowe 1843) -- (Marshall 1973:292 [ref. 7194], Iwamoto 1979:149 [ref. 2311], Okamura in Okamura et al. 1982:145, 347 [ref. 8256], Geistdoerfer in Whitehead et al. 1986:667 [ref. 13676], Iwamoto 1986:337 [ref. 5674], Paxton et al. 1989:328 [ref. 12442], Pequeño 1989:46 [ref. 14125], Paulin et al. 1989:125 [ref. 24556], Shcherbachev et al. 1989:165 [ref. 36134], Geistdoerfer 1990:555 [ref. 16195], Iwamoto in Cohen et al. 1990:242 [ref. 18936], Okamura in Amaoka et al. 1990:187 [ref. 16024], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:143 [ref. 25472], Gomon et al. 1994:359 [ref. 22532], Iwamoto & Schneider in Fischer et al. 1995:1254 [ref. 22829], Santos et al. 1997:57 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:68 [ref. 24952], Adam et al. 1998:10 [ref. 23610], Iwamoto & Merrett 1997:532 [ref. 23710], Iwamoto & Williams 1999:186 [ref. 23875], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:787 [ref. 23897], Hoff 1999:115 [ref. 24458], Iwamoto 1999:1992 [ref. 24761], Merrett & Iwamoto 2000:769 [ref. 25037], Iwamoto in Randall & Lim 2000:595 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Iwamoto & Graham 2001:482 [ref. 25637], Pakhorukov 2001:379 [ref. 25409], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:174 [ref. 26753], Iwamoto 2003:987 [ref. 27010], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S98 [ref. 27377], Menezes & Figueiredo in Menezes et al. 2003:61 [ref. 27192], Iwamoto et al. 2004:198 [ref. 27643], Love et al. 2005:54 [ref. 37547], Mundy 2005:253 [ref. 28379], Bray et al. 2006:599 [ref. 29065], Iwamoto & McMillan 2008:341 [ref. 30636], Melo et al. 2010:36 [ref. 30775], Fricke et al. 2011:364 [ref. 31242], Parin et al. 2014:168 [ref. 33547], Lins Oliveira et al. 2015:94 [ref. 37485], McMillan & Iwamoto 2015:816 [ref. 34263], Bañón et al. 2016:314 [ref. 34397], Iwamoto 2016:1985 [ref. 34585], Burton & Lea 2019:49 [ref. 37205], Carneiro et al. 2019:136 [ref. 37250], Reiner 2019:115 [ref. 38139], Klautau et al. 2020:8 [ref. 37903], Psomadakis et al. 2020:321 [ref. 37272], Robertson et al. 2020:158 [ref. 38098], Bañón & Maño 2021:58 [ref. 38883], Love et al. 2021:77 [ref. 39279], Fermon et al. 2022:200 [ref. 39448], Page et al. 2023:101 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Malacocephalus laevis (Lowe 1843). Macrouridae. Distribution: Circumglobal (including Caribbean Sea). Habitat: marine.

luzonensis, Malacocephalus Gilbert [C. H.] & Hubbs [C. L.] 1920:541, Fig. 35 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 100, v. 1 (pt 7); ref. 1638] Off western Luzon Island, Philippines, Albatross station 5440, depth 172 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 83626. Paratypes: (4) USNM 135347 (1). •Valid as Malacocephalus luzonensis Gilbert & Hubbs 1920 -- (Iwamoto in Cohen et al. 1990:241 [ref. 18936], Iwamoto & Williams 1999:187 [ref. 23875], Iwamoto 1999:1992 [ref. 24761]). •Doubtfully valid; likely a synonym of Malacocephalus laevis (Lowe 1843) -- (Iwamoto in Randall & Lim 2000:595 [ref. 25122], Iwamoto & McMillan 2008:341 [ref. 30636], Iwamoto 2016:1985 [ref. 34585]). Current status: Valid as Malacocephalus luzonensis Gilbert & Hubbs 1920. Macrouridae. Distribution: Western Pacific [if valid]. Habitat: marine.

nipponensis, Malacocephalus Gilbert [C. H.] & Hubbs [C. L.] 1916:189, Pl. 9 (fig. 2) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 51 (no. 2149); ref. 1636] Eastern coast of central Hondo, 33°25'10"N, 135°37'20"E, Japan, Albatross station 4967, depth 244-253 fathoms. Holotype (unique): USNM 76866. •Likely a synonym of Malacocephalus laevis (Lowe 1843) -- (Iwamoto & McMillan 2008:341 [ref. 30636], Iwamoto 2016:1985 [ref. 34585]). •Valid as Malacocephalus nipponensis Gilbert & Hubbs 1916 -- (Okamura in Okamura et al. 1982:145, 347 [ref. 8256], Okamura in Masuda et al. 1984:94 [ref. 6441], Okamura in Okamura & Kitajima 1984:203, 360 [ref. 8057], Iwamoto in Cohen et al. 1990:241 [ref. 18936], Iwamoto & Williams 1999:187 [ref. 23875], Nakabo 2000:420 [ref. 25086], Shinohara et al. 2001:306 [ref. 25995], Nakabo 2002:420 [ref. 26001], Shinohara et al. 2005:418 [ref. 28370], Iwamoto et al. 2015:86 [ref. 35408], Nakayama 2020:239 [ref. 37888]). Current status: Valid as Malacocephalus nipponensis Gilbert & Hubbs 1916. Macrouridae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Japan and Taiwan. Habitat: marine.