Species that contain: Mullus and barbatus [ 9 ] records

auratus, Mullus barbatus Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] 1882:280 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 5 (no. 282); ref. 2472] Pensacola, Florida, U.S.A. (stomach content). Holotype (unique): USNM 30828. •Valid as Mullus auratus Jordan & Gilbert 1882 -- (Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:380 [ref. 14275], Robins & Ray 1986:190 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:393 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:152 [ref. 14674], Boschung 1992:147 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:364 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:317 [ref. 24474], Aguilera 1998:51 [ref. 24221], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:272 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:162 [ref. 27754], Kim 2002:61 [ref. 26347], Randall 2003:1657 [ref. 27098], Nelson et al. 2004:149 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:450 [ref. 28815], Vasil'eva 2011:20 [ref. 31221], Page et al. 2013:153 [ref. 32708], Bos 2014:757 [ref. 33588], Echreshavi et al. 2022:6 [ref. 39234], Carvalho-Filho 2023:184 [ref. 40480], Uiblein et al. 2024:17 [ref. 40891]). Current status: Valid as Mullus auratus Jordan & Gilbert 1882. Mullidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Canada south to northern Brazil, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2013): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

barbatus, Mullus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:299 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Mediterranean Sea; northern Ocean. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.14 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin), ?LS 3 (right half-skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:222 [ref. 13434], Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:248 [ref. 20707], Wheeler 1985:62 [ref. 20705]. •Valid as Mullus barbatus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Herrera 1896:54 [ref. 39336], Hureau 1973:402 [ref. 7197], Hureau in Whitehead et al. 1986:878 [ref. 13676], Ben-Tuvia 1990:827 [ref. 17305], Coad 1995:28 [ref. 23608], Coad 1996:86 [ref. 25304], Arruda 1997:88 [ref. 24952], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:751 [ref. 24702], Popova 1998:122 [ref. 23588], Apostolidis et al. 2001:902 [ref. 25470], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:101 [ref. 26753], Kim 2002:61 [ref. 26347], Parin 2003:S14 [ref. 28536], Golani 2005:46 [ref. 37112], Fricke et al. 2007:90 [ref. 29533], Vasil'eva 2007:111 [ref. 30517], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:51 [ref. 36649], Vasil'eva 2011:18 [ref. 31221], Vasil'eva 2012:485 [ref. 32476], Parin et al. 2014:374 [ref. 33547], Golani in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2658 [ref. 34618], Martins & Carneiro 2018:166 [ref. 36550], Artüz & Fricke 2019:557 [ref. 36612], Carneiro et al. 2019:277 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:98 [ref. 36864], Bariche & Fricke 2020:78 [ref. 37515], Kovačić et al. 2020:39 [ref. 37519], Bañón & Maño 2021:88 [ref. 38887], Golani 2021:59 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:72 [ref. 39014], Echreshavi et al. 2022:6 [ref. 39234], Niță et al. 2022:98 [ref. 40471]). Current status: Valid as Mullus barbatus Linnaeus 1758. Mullidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; eastern Atlantic: Norway south to Senegal, including Azores and Madeira. Habitat: brackish, marine.

fuscatus, Mullus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:35, Pl. 8 (fig. 3) [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Also appeared in Rafinesque 1810:27 [ref. 3595]. •Synonym of Mullus barbatus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Hureau 1973:402 [ref. 7197]). •Synonym of Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies -- (Vasil'eva 2011:28 [22] [ref. 31221], Parin et al. 2014:374 [ref. 33547]). •Synonym of Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Ben-Tuvia 1990:827 [ref. 17305], Parenti 2019:103 [ref. 37117]). Current status: Synonym of Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus 1758. Mullidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

hispanicus, Mullus Walbaum [J. J.] 1792:621 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] No locality stated. •Synonym of Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 -- (P. Parenti, pers. comm.). Current status: Synonym of Mullus barbatus Linnaeus 1758. Mullidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

maculatus, Mullus Walbaum [J. J.] (ex Klein) 1792:619 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] Brazil. No types known. Based on the 'Mullus barbatus, totus sanguineus' of Klein 1749:22, pl. 6, fig. 3 [ref. 30141], which was based on Piso 'hist. nat. indiae 60' and 'Mullus' of Markgraf von Liebstadt 1648:156 [ref. 30347]. Regarded as forgotten name, not to replace Pseudupeneus maculatus (Bloch 1793), but Mullus maculatus Walbaum 1792 perhaps is available and valid. •Synonym of Pseudupeneus maculatus (Bloch 1793) -- (P. Parenti, pers. comm.). •Perhaps valid as Pseudupeneus maculatus (Walbaum 1792). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Pseudupeneus maculatus (Bloch 1793). Mullidae. Habitat: marine.

minor, Mullus Costa [O. G.] 1846:Mullus p. 5 [Fauna del regno di Napoli Part 1; ref. 976] [Napoli] Naples, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Published 25 July 1846. Based on various literature sources. •Synonym of Mullus barbatus Linnaeus 1758 -- (P. Parenti, pers. comm.). Current status: Synonym of Mullus barbatus Linnaeus 1758. Mullidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

ponticus, Mullus barbatus Essipov [V. K.] 1927:137 [French p. 146] [Trudy Kerčenskoj Naučnoj Rybochozjajstvennoj Stancii v. 1 (nos 2-3); ref. 15847] District of Kerch and Anapa, northeastern Black Sea, Russia. Syntypes: (many) none at ZIN. •Synonym of Mullus barbatus Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Hureau 1973:402 [ref. 7197], Hureau in Whitehead et al. 1986:878 [ref. 13676], Kim 2002:61 [ref. 26347], Parin 2003:S14 [ref. 28536], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:179 [ref. 28369], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:170 [ref. 31251], Parin et al. 2014:374 [ref. 33547], Abliazov et al. 2021:10 [ref. 38576], Uiblein et al. 2024:17 [ref. 40891]). •Valid as Mullus ponticus Essipov 1927 -- (Echreshavi et al. 2022:6 [ref. 39234]). Current status: Valid as Mullus ponticus Essipov 1927. Mullidae. Distribution: Black Sea. Habitat: brackish, marine.

ruber, Mullus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1801:382, 385 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, Baltic Sea and Molucca Islands, Indonesia. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1985:13 [ref. 20735]. •Synonym of Mullus barbatus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Hureau 1973:402 [ref. 7197], Ben-Tuvia 1990:827 [ref. 17305]). Current status: Synonym of Mullus barbatus Linnaeus 1758. Mullidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

ruber, Mullus Shaw [G.] 1803:611 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Mediterranean Sea, [northern seas] northeastern Atlantic Ocean. No types known. Unneeded new name for Mullus barbatus Linnaeus; also objectively invalid; preoccupied by Mullus ruber Lacepède 1801. •Synonym of Mullus barbatus Linnaeus 1758. 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Mullus barbatus Linnaeus 1758. Mullidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.