Genera that contain: Muraena [ 45 ] records

Anguilla Garsault [F. A. P. de] 1764:Pl. 661 [Les figures des plantes et animaux d'usage en medicine Tome V. Animaux table; ref. 1570] Fem. Muraena anguilla Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent monotypy. Type designated by Schrank 1798: 304, 307 [ref. 6444]. Anguilla Schrank 1798 is on official list [Opinion 1672]. •Valid as Anguilla Garsault 1764 -- (Kottelat 2013:37 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Anguilla Schrank 1798 [on official list Opinion 1672]. Current status: Synonym of Anguilla Schrank 1798. Anguillidae.

Anguilla Schrank [F. von P.] 1798:304, 307 [Fauna Boica. Durchgedachte Geschichte der in Baieren einheimischen und zahmen Thiere. v. 1; ref. 6444] Fem. Muraena anguilla Linnaeus 1758. Type by monotypy. Kottelat 2013:37 dates to Anguilla Garsault 1764, Pl. 661 with no species; it is here considered a forgotten name not used by current workers. Apparently appeared first as name only in Thunberg 1795 [not researched]. Schrank as author predates Shaw 1803. See Opinion 1672 in which Anguilla is placed on the Official List, and the type species is confirmed as Muraena anguilla Linnaeus 1758. •Valid as Anguilla Schrank 1798 -- (Blache et al. 1973:220 [ref. 7185], Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:21 [ref. 6441], Castle 1984:34 [ref. 6171], Bauchot in Whitehead et al. 1986:535 [ref. 13676], Castle 1986:160 [ref. 5644], Kottelat 1989:4 [ref. 13605], Paxton et al. 1989:122 [ref. 12442], Smith 1989:32 [ref. 13285], Ataur Rahman 1989:40 [ref. 24860], Kuang in Pan et al. 1991:53 [r speciedef. 23876], Allen 1991:38 [ref. 21090], Tesch 1991:389 [ref. 24843], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:203 [ref. 21581], Gomon et al. 1994:203 [ref. 22532], Aoyama et al. 1996:374 [ref. 24707], Chen in Chen 1998:40 [ref. 23556], Reshetnikov 1998:54 [ref. 23570], Lin et al. 1999:76 [ref. 24100], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:95 [ref. 24550], Smith 1999:1630 [ref. 24661], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27061], Smith 2003:692 [ref. 26989], Ataur Rahman 2003:55 [ref. 31338], Watanabe et al. 2004:337 [ref. 27788], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:28 [ref. 28183], Watanabe et al. 2005:677 [ref. 39169], Hoese & Gates 2006:236 [ref. 28997], Gomon 2008:156 [ref. 30616], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:61 [ref. 29996], Teng et al. 2009:808 [ref. 30569], Watanabe et al. 2009:387 [ref. 30611], Minckley & Marsh 2009:70 [ref. 31114], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:17 [ref. 36649], Zhang et al. 2010:177 [ref. 31511], Mecklenburg et al. 2011:117 [ref. 31212], Morgan 2011:10 [ref. 31262], Marshall 2011:59 [ref. 31755], Angulo et al. 2013:989 [ref. 33194], Parin et al. 2014:47 [ref. 33547], Watanabe et al. 2014:568 [ref. 35475], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:859 [ref. 34062], McDowall et al. 2015:221 [ref. 34232], Zhang et al. 2016:46 [ref. 34477], Esmaeili et al. 2017:27 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:8 [ref. 36089], Fricke et al. 2018:30 [ref. 35805], Kuiter 2018:11 [ref. 36369], Fricke et al. 2019:50 [ref. 36673]). Current status: Valid as Anguilla Schrank 1798. Anguillidae.

Apterichtus Duméril [A. M. C.] 1805:112, 331 [Zoologie analytique; ref. 1151] Masc. Caecilia branderiana Lacepède 1800 (= Muraena caeca Linnaeus 1758). Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Caecilia Lacepède 1800, preoccupied. As Aptérichthe Duméril on p. 112, but latinized on p. 331. Spelled Apterichtes and Apterichthys by authors. •Valid as Apterichtus Duméril 1805 -- (Blache et al. 1973:248 [ref. 7185], McCosker 1977:65 [ref. 6836], Bauchot in Whitehead et al. 1986:578 [ref. 13676], McCosker & Castle 1986:177 [ref. 5690], McCosker et al. 1989:317 [ref. 13288], McCosker & Randall 1993:190 [ref. 20826], Machida & Ohta 1994:1 [ref. 21444], Smith & McCosker 1999:1665 [ref. 24715], McCosker 2003:732 [ref. 26993], McCosker et al. 2006:266 [ref. 29006], Fricke et al. 2009:18 [ref. 30213], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:18 [ref. 36649] as Apterichthus, Hibino et al. 2014:[1] [ref. 33212], McCosker & Hibino 2015:50 [ref. 33725], McCosker & Stewart 2015:251 [ref. 34235], Hibino et al. 2016:146 [ref. 34475], Hibino 2018:219 [ref. 36341], Brown et al. 2019:156 [ref. 36444]). Current status: Valid as Apterichtus Duméril 1805. Ophichthidae: Ophichthinae.

Branderius Rafinesque [C. S.] 1815:93 [Analyse de la nature; ref. 3584] Masc. Caecilia branderiana Lacepède 1800 (= Muraena caeca Linnaeus 1758). Type by being a replacement name. As "Branderius R. [Rafinesque] Cecilia Lac. [Lacepède]." Available replacement for Caecilia Lacepède 1800 (preoccupied by Caecilia Linnaeus 1758 in Amphibia); earlier replaced by Typhlotes Fischer von Waldheim 1813. •Synonym of Apterichtus Duméril 1805 -- (Blache et al. 1973:248 [ref. 7185], McCosker 1977:65 [ref. 6836], McCosker et al. 1989:318 [ref. 13288], McCosker & Hibino 2015:50 [ref. 33725]). Current status: Synonym of Apterichtus Duméril 1805. Ophichthidae: Ophichthinae.

Caecilia Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1800:134 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 2; ref. 2709] Fem. Caecilia branderiana Lacepède 1800 (= Muraena caeca Linnaeus 1758). Type by monotypy. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Caecilia Linnaeus 1758 in Amphibia; replaced by Typhlotes Fischer von Waldheim 1813 and by Branderius Rafinesque 1815. •Synonym of Apterichtus Duméril 1805 -- (Blache et al. 1973:248 [ref. 7185], McCosker 1977:65 [ref. 6836], McCosker et al. 1989:317 [ref. 13288], McCosker et al. 2006:266 [ref. 29006], McCosker & Hibino 2015:50 [ref. 33725]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Apterichtus Duméril 1805. Ophichthidae: Ophichthinae.

Channomuraena Richardson [J.] 1848:96 [Ichthyology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus & Terror v. 2 (2); ref. 3740] Fem. Ichthyophis vittatus Richardson 1845. Type by monotypy. Proposed somewhat conditionally under Nettastoma but available from Richardson 1848:96. Originally as Channo-Muraena, correction mandatory. •Valid as Channomuraena Richardson 1848 -- (Böhlke et al. 1989:122 [ref. 13286], Böhlke et al. 1999:1653 [ref. 24692], Böhlke & Smith 2003:704 [ref. 26990], Loh et al. 2008:137 [ref. 29930], Reece et al. 2010:421 [ref. 30969], Smith 2012:35 [ref. 32155], Fricke et al. 2018:33 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Valid as Channomuraena Richardson 1848. Muraenidae: Uropterygiinae.

Chasmenchelys Fowler [H. W.] 1944:270 [Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia No. 6; ref. 1448] Fem. Muraena panamensis Steindachner 1876. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Gymnothorax Bloch 1795 -- (Böhlke et al. 1989:145 [ref. 13286], Böhlke & Randall 2000:226 [ref. 24493], Smith 2012:10 [ref. 32155], Kottelat 2013:42 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnothorax Bloch 1795. Muraenidae: Muraeninae.

Chlevastes Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1901:867 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 23 (no. 1239); ref. 2508] Masc. Muraena colubrina Boddaert 1781. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Myrichthys Girard 1859 -- (McCosker 1977:78 [ref. 6836], McCosker et al. 1989:372 [ref. 13288], McCosker & Rosenblatt 1993:154 [ref. 21180], Zhang et al. 2010:366 [ref. 31511]). Current status: Synonym of Myrichthys Girard 1859. Ophichthidae: Ophichthinae.

Conger Oken [L.] (ex Cuvier) 1817:1781 [Isis (Oken) v. 1 (pt 8) (no. 148); ref. 3303] Masc. Muraena conger Linnaeus 1758. Type by absolute tautonymy. Based on "Les Congres" of Cuvier 1816:231 [ref. 993] (see Gill 1903:966 [ref. 5768]). On Official List (Opinion 93, Direction 87); unavailable names of Conger on Official Index. Apparently predated by and should be credited to Bosc 1817 (see Paxton et al. 1989:140-141 [ref. 12442]). •Valid as Conger Oken 1817 -- (Blache et al. 1973:239 [ref. 7185], Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:28 [ref. 6441], Castle 1986:164 [ref. 5644], see Paxton et al. 1989:141 [ref. 12442], Smith 1989:513 [ref. 13285]). •In the synonymy of Conger Bosc 1817 -- (Hoese & Gates 2006:291 [ref. 28997]). Current status: Synonym of Conger Bosc 1817. Congridae: Congrinae.

Conger Bosc [L. A. G.] (ex Cuvier) 1817:450 [Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle v. 1-36; ref. 5126] Masc. Muraena conger Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent absolute tautonymy. Name appeared in v. 7 of the work. See discussion in Paxton et al. 1989:140-141 [ref. 12442] regarding authorship of this genus; should be credited to Bosc instead of Oken. Species added by Cloquet 1818. •Valid as Conger Bosc 1817 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:140 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:211 [ref. 22532], Smith 1999:1683 [ref. 24661], Smith 2003:747 [ref. 26989], Hoese & Gates 2006:291 [ref. 28997], Smith 2008:176 [ref. 30621], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:19 [ref. 36649], Zhang et al. 2010:198 [ref. 31511] with author as Cuvier, Parin et al. 2014:50 [ref. 33547], Smith & Stewart 2015:276 [ref. 34234], Bañón et al. 2016:304 [ref. 34397], Smith et al. 2016:734 [ref. 34834], Fricke et al. 2018:49 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:25 [ref. 36273], Smith & Ho 2018:169 [ref. 36044], Brown et al. 2019:157 [ref. 36444], Kodeeswaran et al. 2023:474 [ref. 40021]). Current status: Valid as Conger Bosc 1817. Congridae: Congrinae.

Congermuraena Kaup [J. J.] 1856:71 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 22 (pt. 1); ref. 2572] Fem. Muraena balearica Delaroche 1809. Type by subsequent designation. Also in Kaup 1857:108 [ref. 2573]. Congromuraena Günther 1870:40 [ref. 1995] is an unjustified emendation. Type (as Muraena belearica De la Roche) apparently not designated by Bleeker, contrary to Jordan (1919:272 [ref. 2410]). In 1990 we regarded Ogilby 1898:284-285 [ref. 3276] as designating Congrus habenata Richardson 1844. Since 1990, we find that type designation can date to Jordan & Evermann 1896:270 [ref. 2422] and Jordan & Evermann 1896:355 [ref. 2443] as balearica, thereby preserving current usage. •Synonym of Ariosoma Swainson 1838 -- (Blache et al. 1973:240 [ref. 7185], Smith 1989:491 [ref. 13285], Zhang et al. 2010:193 [ref. 31511]). Current status: Synonym of Ariosoma Swainson 1838. Congridae: Bathymyrinae.

Congrellus Ogilby [J. D.] 1898:288 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 23 (pt 3); ref. 3276] Masc. Muraena balearica Delaroche 1809. Type by original designation. Apparently appeared first (31 Aug.) as above; also as Ogilby in Jordan & Evermann 1898:2801 (26 Nov.). •Objective synonym of Congermuraena Kaup 1856. •Synonym of Ariosoma Swainson 1838 -- (Blache et al. 1973:241 [ref. 7185], Smith 1989:492 [ref. 13285]). Current status: Synonym of Ariosoma Swainson 1838. Congridae: Bathymyrinae.

Echidna Forster [J. R.] 1788:81 [Enchiridion historiae naturali inserviens; ref. 1354] Fem. Muraena echidna Gmelin 1789. No type species mentioned. The assumed type species Echidna variegata Forster is an unavailable name; type apparently Muraena echidna Gmelin 1789 = Muraena nebulosa Ahl 1789 by virtual tautonymy according to Böhlke & Randall 2000:216 [ref. 24493]. Kottelat maintains that the type was selected by Walbaum 1792; whereas Gmelin says, "Is it, as Forester says, a distinct genus" (but the genus was not mentioned), At that time, there is no doubt which genus was meant. •Valid as Echidna Forster 1788 -- (Hatooka in Masuda et al. 1984:25 [ref. 6441], Castle & McCosker 1986:166 [ref. 5645], Paxton et al. 1989:127 [ref. 12442], Böhlke et al. 1989:130 [ref. 13286], Chen et al. 1994:45 [ref. 22258], Böhlke et al. 1999:1646 [ref. 24692], Böhlke & Randall 2000:216 [ref. 24493], Böhlke & Smith 2003:704 [ref. 26990], Allen et al. 2006:246 [ref. 29005], Imamura 2009:17 [ref. 30434], Zhang et al. 2010:243 [ref. 31511], Smith 2012:5 [ref. 32155], Kottelat 2013:41 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2018:33 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:19 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:50 [ref. 36673], Ramos-Castro et al. 2020:83 [ref. 37651]). Current status: Valid as Echidna Forster 1788. Muraenidae: Muraeninae.

Enchelycore Kaup [J. J.] 1856:60 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 22 (pt. 1); ref. 2572] Fem. Muraena nigricans Bonnaterre 1788. Type by subsequent designation. Enchelycore euryrhina appeared as name only (not available) in Kaup 1856 [ref. 2572]. Genus also in Kaup 1857:72 [ref. 2573] to which type fixation dates. Appeared as Enchelycotte in Kaup in Duméril 1856:200 (as name only and not available). •Valid as Enchelycore Kaup 1856 -- (Hatooka in Masuda et al. 1984:23 [ref. 6441], Bauchot in Whitehead et al. 1986:539 [ref. 13676], Paxton et al. 1989:127 [ref. 12442], Böhlke et al. 1989:134 [ref. 13286], Chen et al. 1994:47 [ref. 22258], Böhlke et al. 1999:1648 [ref. 24692], Böhlke & Randall 2000:221 [ref. 24493], Böhlke & Smith 2003:704 [ref. 26990], Prokofiev 2005:702 [ref. 28366], Allen et al. 2006:246 [ref. 29005], Shibukawa et al. 2007:187 [ref. 29475], Zhang et al. 2010:250 [ref. 31511], Smith 2012:7 [ref. 32155], Stewart & McCosker 2015:228 [ref. 34233], Mohapatra et al. 2017:595 [ref. 35581], Fricke et al. 2018:34 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:20 [ref. 36273], Brown et al. 2019:155 [ref. 36444], Ramos-Castro et al. 2020:83 [ref. 37651]). Current status: Valid as Enchelycore Kaup 1856. Muraenidae: Muraeninae.

Evenchelys Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1902:327 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 25 (no. 1289); ref. 2447] Fem. Muraena macrurus Bleeker 1854. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Evenchelys Jordan & Evermann 1902 -- (Hatooka in Masuda et al. 1984:22 [ref. 6441]). •Synonym of Strophidon McClelland 1844 -- (Böhlke 1995:459 [ref. 21738], Smith 2012:33 [ref. 32155], Kottelat 2013:43 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Strophidon McClelland 1844. Muraenidae: Muraeninae.

Haliophis Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1829:49 [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] Masc. Muraena guttata Forsskål 1775. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Haliophis Rüppell 1829 -- (Winterbottom 1985:209 [ref. 5241], Maugé & Bardach 1985:377 [ref. 5162], Winterbottom 1986:23 [ref. 5727], Winterbottom & Randall 1994:751 [ref. 22087], Gill 1999:2558 [ref. 24817], Gill 1999:2559 [ref. 24817], Gill & Zajonz 2003:57 [ref. 26796], Fricke et al. 2018:160 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:68 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Valid as Haliophis Rüppell 1829. Pseudochromidae: Congrogadinae.

Limomuraena Kaup [J. J.] 1856:65 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 22 (pt. 1); ref. 2572] Fem. Limomuraena guttata Kaup 1856. Type by monotypy. Also in Kaup 1857:95 [ref. 2573] and as Limamuraena Kaup in Dumeril 1856 as name only and unavailable [ref. 1154]. Misspelled Limamuraena by authors, including Jordan 1919:271 [ref. 2410]. •Synonym of Muraena Linnaeus 1758 -- (Blache et al. 1973:224 [ref. 7185], Böhlke et al. 1989:194 [ref. 13286], Smith 2012:30 [ref. 32155]). Current status: Synonym of Muraena Linnaeus 1758. Muraenidae: Muraeninae.

Lycenchelys Gill [T. N.] 1884:180 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 36; ref. 1725] Fem. Lycodes muraena Collett 1878. Type by subsequent designation. Proposed for "... Collett's second group which have the body elongate ..." but with no species mentioned. Type designated by Jordan 1885:124 [ref. 2385] (given as same in Jordan & Evermann 1898:2470 [ref. 2445]). Misspelled Lycenchelis in Zoological Record for 1923. •Valid as Lycenchelys Gill 1884 -- (Andriashev 1973:541 [ref. 7214], Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:164 [ref. 7348], Gosztonyi 1977:217 [ref. 6103], Anderson 1984:578 [ref. 13634], Toyoshima in Masuda et al. 1984:306 [ref. 6441], Toyoshima 1985:145 [ref. 5722], Anderson 1988:86 [ref. 7304], Anderson 1990:258 [ref. 21695], Miller 1993:659 [ref. 21297], Anderson 1994:64 [ref. 21438], Anderson 1995:55 [ref. 21928], Fedorov 1995:126 [ref. 21957], Fedorov 1995:130 [ref. 21958], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:679 [ref. 25968], Anderson 2003:1741 [ref. 27106], Anderson & Fedorov 2004:14 [ref. 27603], Imamura et al. 2005:2 [ref. 28190], Shinohara & Anderson 2007:59 [ref. 29111], Møller & King 2007:586 [ref. 29259], Anderson & Møller 2007:175 [ref. 29401], Mecklenburg et al. 2011:129 [ref. 31212], Balushkin et al. 2011:978 [ref. 32449], Parin et al. 2014:397 [ref. 33547], Møller & Anderson 2015:1426 [ref. 34289], Mecklenburg et al. 2016:158 [ref. 34440], Robertson et al. 2017:93 [ref. 35676], Thiel et al. 2018:45 [ref. 35743], Kawarada et al. 2020:4 [ref. 37443]). Current status: Valid as Lycenchelys Gill 1884. Zoarcidae: Lycodinae.

Megaderus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1815:220 [Analyse de la nature; ref. 3584] Masc. Muraena echidna Gmelin 1789. Appears in "Additions et Corrections" on p. 220, referring back to p. 93. An available but unneeded replacement name for Echidna Forster 1788. •Objective synonym of Echidna Forster 1788 -- (Böhlke et al. 1989:130 [ref. 13286], Böhlke & Randall 2000:216 [ref. 24493], Smith 2012:5 [ref. 32155], Kottelat 2013:41 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Echidna Forster 1788. Muraenidae: Muraeninae.

Molarii Richardson [J.] 1848:79 [Ichthyology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus & Terror v. 2 (2); ref. 3740] Masc. Muraena ophis Rüppell 1830. Type by subsequent designation. Perhaps not available, apparently in plural form only, as a division in a key to species based on teeth. Latinized (Molarius) by Jordan 1919:223 [ref. 2410] and a type named; probably not available from Jordan (not used as a valid name); but accepted as Molarii in Jordan & Evermann 1896:402 [ref. 2443] where type was designated. •Synonym of Echidna Forster 1788 -- (Böhlke et al. 1989:130 [ref. 13286], Böhlke & Randall 2000:216 [ref. 24493], Smith 2012:5 [ref. 32155]). •Not available -- (Kottelat 2013:41 [ref. 32989]), Current status: Synonym of Echidna Forster 1788. Muraenidae: Muraeninae.

Monopterus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1800:138 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 2; ref. 2709] Masc. Monopterus javanensis Lacepède 1800. Type by monotypy. Rosen & Greenwood 1976:56 give Muraena alba Zuiew as the type of Monopterus (not an originally included species; Lacepède included only one species, javanensis, and it is the type by monotypy). •Valid as Monopterus Lacepède 1800 -- (Rosen & Greenwood 1976:56 [ref. 7094] and Jayaram 1981:309 [ref. 6497] with wrong type, Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:366 [ref. 6441], Daget 1986:291 [ref. 6203], Paxton et al. 1989:436 [ref. 12442], Kottelat 1989:16 [ref. 13605], Roberts 1989:183 [ref. 6439], Ataur Rahman 1989:50 [ref. 24860], Liu in Pan et al. 1991:357 [ref. 23876], Daget in Lévêque et al. 1992:659 [ref. 21590], Bailey & Gans 1998:2 [ref. 23296], Yang in Chen 1998:320 [ref. 23556], Gopi 2002:139 [ref. 27553], Ataur Rahman 2003:65 [ref. 31338], Proudlove 2006:186 [ref. 28992], Hoese & Gates 2006:860 [ref. 28997], Scharpf 2007:36 [ref. 30398], Britz et al. 2011:51 [ref. 31404], Kottelat 2013:308 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:192 [ref. 34477], Britz et al. 2016:309 [ref. 34914], Britz et al. 2018:315 [ref. 36207]). Current status: Valid as Monopterus Lacepède 1800. Synbranchidae.

Muraena Linnaeus [C.] 1758:244 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Fem. Muraena helena Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Placed on Official List (Opinion 77) but later withdrawn. Type designated by Jordan & Gilbert 1883:355 [ref. 2476], as helenae, but Bleeker 1865:113 [ref. 409] is earlier with anguilla. Misspelled Murena by Anonymous (Cabrera et al.) 1817 [ref. 17319], see Graells 1887:175 [ref. 30438]. Genus name misspelled Muroena by Gruvel & Bouyat 1906:Pl. 18, fig. 54 [ref. 30367]. Opinion 1672 confirmed the type as helena and place the Muraena on the Official List. •Valid as Muraena Linnaeus 1758 -- (Blache et al. 1973:224 [ref. 7185], Bauchot in Whitehead et al. 1986:543 [ref. 13676], Paxton et al. 1989:132 [ref. 12442], Böhlke et al. 1989:194 [ref. 13286], Böhlke & Smith 2003:704 [ref. 26990], Jiménez et al. 2007:101 [ref. 29038], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:18 [ref. 36649], Smith 2012:30 [ref. 32155], Golani & Fricke 2018:23 [ref. 36273], Brown et al. 2019:156 [ref. 36444]). Current status: Valid as Muraena Linnaeus 1758. Muraenidae: Muraeninae.

Muraenichthys Bleeker [P.] 1853:505 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 4 (no. 3); ref. 336] Masc. Muraena gymnopterus Bleeker 1852. Type by monotypy. Also spelled Muraenichthijs by Bleeker elsewhere. •Valid as Muraenichthys Bleeker 1853 -- (McCosker 1970:509 [ref. 2931], McCosker 1977:58 [ref. 6836], Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:30 [ref. 6441], McCosker & Castle 1986:180 [ref. 5690], Paxton et al. 1989:117 [ref. 12442], McCosker et al. 1989:271 [ref. 13288], Kuang in Pan et al. 1991:57 [ref. 23876], McCosker & Parin 1995:232 [ref. 21924], Machida & Ohta 1996:79 [ref. 22154], Gomon et al. 1994:199 [ref. 22532], Castle & McCosker 1999:121 [ref. 24075], Smith & McCosker 1999:1664 [ref. 24715], McCosker et al. 2006:269 [ref. 29006], Zhang et al. 2010:318 [ref. 31511], Hoshino et al. 2011:184 [ref. 31273], McCosker et al. 2012:1192 [ref. 32371], Hibino et al. 2013:[1] [ref. 32505], Kottelat 2013:45 [ref. 32989], Hibino & Kimura 2015:62 [ref. 34120], Motomura et al. 2017:31 [ref. 35490], Golani & Fricke 2018:27 [ref. 36273], Hibino et al. 2019:41 [ref. 37149], Mohapatra et al. 2023:1 [ref. 40535]). Current status: Valid as Muraenichthys Bleeker 1853. Ophichthidae: Myrophinae.

Muraenophis Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1803:627 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] Masc. Muraena helena Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Jordan 1917:68 [ref. 2407], but Muraenophis is an unjustified emendation of Murenophis Cuvier 1798, with same type (see Norman 1922:297 [ref. 3211]). •Synonym of Muraena Linnaeus 1758 -- (Blache et al. 1973:224 [ref. 7185], Böhlke et al. 1989:194 [ref. 13286], Smith 2012:30 [ref. 32155]). Current status: Synonym of Muraena Linnaeus 1758. Muraenidae: Muraeninae.

Muraenopsis Kaup [J. J.] 1856:46 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 22 (pt. 1); ref. 2572] Fem. As used by Kaup, it is a misprint for Muraenophis. •Incorrect subsequent spelling of Muraenophis Lacepède 1803. Current status: Synonym of Muraena Linnaeus 1758. Muraenidae: Muraeninae.

Murenophis Cuvier [G.] 1797:329 [Tableau élémentaire de l'Histoire Naturélle; ref. 1018] Masc. Muraena helena Linnaeus 1758. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Muraena Linnaeus 1758 -- (Blache et al. 1973:224 [ref. 7185], Böhlke et al. 1989:194 [ref. 13286], Smith 2012:30 [ref. 32155]). Current status: Synonym of Muraena Linnaeus 1758. Muraenidae: Muraeninae.

Myroconger Günther [A.] 1870:93 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 8; ref. 1995] Masc. Myroconger compressus Günther 1870. Type by monotypy. Appeared first without sufficient distinguishing features in Günther 1869:238 [ref. 13284] as "... the new genus Myroconger is of great interest, being a Muraena with pectoral fins."; species as name only (p. 239). •Valid as Myroconger Günther 1870 -- (Smith 1984 [ref. 6810], Smith 1989:98 [ref. 13285], Castle 1991 [ref. 15488], Castle & Béarez 1995:211 [ref. 21926], Smith 1999:1641 [ref. 24661], Karmovskaya 2006:590 [ref. 28855], Brown et al. 2019:154 [ref. 36444], Espíndola et al. 2021:529 [ref. 38295]). Current status: Valid as Myroconger Günther 1870. Myrocongridae.

Myrus Kaup [J. J.] 1856:53 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 22 (pt. 1); ref. 2572] Masc. Muraena vulgaris Kaup 1856 (= Muraena myrus Linnaeus 1758). Type by monotypy. Species myrus renamed vulgaris by Kaup. Also in Kaup 1857:31 [ref. 2573] and as name only in Kaup in Duméril 1856:198 [ref. 1154]. •Synonym of Echelus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Blache et al. 1973:245 [ref. 7185], McCosker 1977:75 [ref. 6836]). Current status: Synonym of Echelus Rafinesque 1810. Ophichthidae: Ophichthinae.

Notorabula Whitley [G. P.] 1934:154 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 19 (no. 2); ref. 4681] Fem. Muraena callorhyncha Günther 1870. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Gymnothorax Bloch 1795 -- (Böhlke et al. 1989:145 [ref. 13286], Böhlke & Randall 2000:226 [ref. 24493], Böhlke & McCosker 2001:93 [ref. 25226]. Smith 2012:10 [ref. 32155], Kottelat 2013:42 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnothorax Bloch 1795. Muraenidae: Muraeninae.

Ophichthus Ahl [J. N.] 1789:5 [Specimen ichthyologicum de Muraena et Ophichtho; ref. 80] Masc. Muraena ophis Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Bleeker 1864:43 [ref. 4860] with spelling Ophichthys; Ophichthys Swainson 1839 apparently independently described as indicated by Bleeker 1864:43. •Valid as Ophichthus Thunberg 1789 -- (Kottelat 2013:45 [ref. 32989] and see discussion on p. 46 [but Ahl was an eel expert and we doubt if Thunberg wrote this section]). •Valid as Ophichthus Ahl 1789 -- (Blache et al. 1973:247 [ref. 7185], McCosker 1977:79 [ref. 6836], Karrer 1982:73 [ref. 5679], Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:31 [ref. 6441], McCosker & Castle 1986:182 [ref. 5690], Asano 1987 [ref. 6705], Paxton et al. 1989:119 [ref. 12442], McCosker et al. 1989:379 [ref. 13288], Kuang in Pan et al. 1991:61 [ref. 23876] as Ophichthys, McCosker & Rosenblatt 1998:398 [ref. 23645], McCosker 1999:574 [ref. 23699], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:100 [ref. 24550], Smith & McCosker 1999:1667 [ref. 24715], McCosker 2003:733 [ref. 26993], McCosker et al. 2006:271 [ref. 29006], Fricke et al. 2009:19 [ref. 30213], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:18 [ref. 36649], McCosker 2010:2 [ref. 30840], Zhang et al. 2010:329 [ref. 31511], McCosker et al. 2012:6 [ref. 31982], McCosker & Ho 2015:71 [ref. 34123], Motomura et al. 2017:33 [ref. 35490], Robertson et al. 2017:34 [ref. 35676], Fricke et al. 2018:45 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:28 [ref. 36273], Mohapatra et al. 2018:251 [ref. 36093], McCosker & Psomadakis 2018:71 [ref. 36333], Fricke et al. 2019:53 [ref. 36673], Hibino et al. 2019:289 [ref. 36433], Sumod et al. 2019:112 [ref. 37023], Hibino et al. 2019:140 [ref. 37155], Vo et al. 2019:1 [ref. 37206], Mohapatra et al. 2020:283 [ref. 37277], McCosker et al. 2020:31 [ref. 37376], Das et al. 2020:291 [ref. 38016], Vo & Ho 2021:71 [ref. 38193], Ho et al. 2022:312 [ref. 39289], Kodeeswaran et al. 2023:1 [ref. 40457], Kodeeswaran et al. 2023:1 [ref. 40641], Vo et al. 2024:56 [ref. 40938]). Current status: Valid as Ophichthus Ahl 1789. Ophichthidae: Ophichthinae.

Ophis Turton [W.] 1807:82, 87 [British fauna, containing a compendium of the zoology of the British Islands v. 1; ref. 12590] Masc. Ophis maculata Turton 1807. Type by monotypy. Original not examined. Species apparently in reference to Muraena meleagis of Shaw. •Synonym of Ophichthus Thunberg 1789 -- (Kottelat 2013:45 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Ophichthus Ahl 1789 -- (Blache et al. 1973:247 [ref. 7185], McCosker 1977:79 [ref. 6836], McCosker et al. 1989:379 [ref. 13288], McCosker 1999:574 [ref. 23699]). Current status: Synonym of Ophichthus Ahl 1789. Ophichthidae: Ophichthinae.

Ophisurus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1800:195 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 2; ref. 2709] Masc. Muraena serpens Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Two included species; type evidently designated first by Risso 1827 [ref. 3757], not M. ophis as designated by Bleeker 1864:64 [ref. 4860]. •Valid as Ophisurus Lacepède 1800 -- (Blache et al. 1973:249 [ref. 7185], McCosker 1977:81 [ref. 6836], Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:32 [ref. 6441], Bauchot in Whitehead et al. 1986:583 [ref. 13676], McCosker & Castle 1986:184 [ref. 5690], Paxton et al. 1989:120 [ref. 12442], McCosker et al. 1989:299 [ref. 13288], Gomon et al. 1994:202 [ref. 22532], Smith & McCosker 1999:1667 [ref. 24715], McCosker et al. 2006:272 [ref. 29006], Smith & McCosker 2008:167 [ref. 30623], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:18 [ref. 36649], Zhang et al. 2010:356 [ref. 31511], Bañón et al. 2011:157 [ref. 31596], Shinohara et al. 2011:39 [ref. 31715], McCosker & Stewart 2015:254 [ref. 34235]). Current status: Valid as Ophisurus Lacepède 1800. Ophichthidae: Ophichthinae.

Ophithorax McClelland [J.] 1844:212 [Calcutta Journal of Natural History v. 5 (no. 18); ref. 2928] Masc. Ophisurus ophis Lacepède 1800 (= Muraena maculosa Cuvier 1816). Type by subsequent designation. Earliest type designation found that of Jordan 1919:220 [ref. 2410]. •Synonym of Ophichthus Thunberg 1789 -- (Kottelat 2013:45 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Ophichthus Ahl 1789 -- (McCosker 1977:79 [ref. 6836], McCosker et al. 1989:379 [ref. 13288], McCosker 1999:574 [ref. 23699]). Current status: Synonym of Ophichthus Ahl 1789. Ophichthidae: Ophichthinae.

Pachyurus (subgenus of Muraena) Swainson [W.] 1839:196, 335 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Masc. Moringua linearis Gray 1831. Type by monotypy. Spelled Pachiurus by Swainson 1839:196 [ref. 4303]; technical first reviser not researched. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Pachyurus Agassiz 1831 in Recent fishes. •In the synonymy of Moringua Gray 1831 -- (Smith 1989:65 [ref. 13285], Kottelat 2013:39 [ref. 32989]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Moringua Gray 1831. Moringuidae.

Polyuranodon Kaup [J. J.] 1856:65 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 22 (pt. 1); ref. 2572] Masc. Polyuranodon kuhli Kaup 1856 (= Muraena polyuranodon Bleeker 1853). Type by monotypy. Bleeker's species needlessly renamed Polyuranodon kuhli by Kaup. Also appeared in Kaup 1857:96 [ref. 2573]. •Synonym of Lycodontis McClelland 1844 -- (Blache et al. 1973:225 [ref. 7185]). •Synonym of Gymnothorax Bloch 1795 -- (Böhlke et al. 1989:145 [ref. 13286], Böhlke & Randall 2000:226 [ref. 24493], Smith 2012:10 [ref. 32155], Kottelat 2013:41 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnothorax Bloch 1795. Muraenidae: Muraeninae.

Pseudechidna Bleeker [P.] 1863:272 [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 1; ref. 399] Fem. Muraena brummeri Bleeker 1858. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Pseudechidna Bleeker 1863 -- (Böhlke 1995:462 [ref. 21738], Böhlke et al. 1999:1647 [ref. 24692], Smith 2012:32 [ref. 32155], Fricke et al. 2018:39 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Valid as Pseudechidna Bleeker 1863. Muraenidae: Muraeninae.

Pterurus (subgenus of Anguilla) Swainson [W.] 1839:196, 334 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Masc. Pterurus maculatus Swainson 1839 (= Muraena raitaborua Hamilton 1822). Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Swain 1882:283 [ref. 5966]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Pterurus Rafinesque 1810 in fishes, not replaced. •Objective synonym of Rataboura Gray 1831. •In the synonymy of Moringua Gray 1831 -- (Smith 1989:65 [ref. 13285], Kottelat 2013:39 [ref. 32989]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Moringua Gray 1831. Moringuidae.

Rabula (subgenus of Gymnothorax) Jordan [D. S.] & Davis [B. M.] 1891:589, 590 [United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, Report of the Commissioner v. 16 (for 1888) (art. 9); ref. 2437] Fem. Muraena davisi Fowler 1912. Apparently based on a misidentified type species, as aquaedulcis (see McCosker & Rosenblatt 1975:422 [ref. 9341]). Type species established by Kottelat 2013:42 [ref. 32989]. •Synonym of Gymnothorax Bloch 1795 -- (Böhlke et al. 1989:145 [ref. 13286], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:103 [ref. 24550], Böhlke & Randall 2000:226 [ref. 24493], Smith 2012:10 [ref. 32155], Kottelat 2013:42 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnothorax Bloch 1795. Muraenidae: Muraeninae.

Rhabdura Ogilby [J. D.] 1907:12 [Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland v. 20; ref. 3282] Fem. Muraena macrurus Bleeker 1854. Type by monotypy. •Objective synonym of Evenchelys Jordan & Evermann 1902. •Synonym of Strophidon McClelland 1844 -- (Böhlke 1995:459 [ref. 21738], Smith 2012:33 [ref. 32155], Smith 2012:33 [ref. 32155], Kottelat 2013:43 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Strophidon McClelland 1844. Muraenidae: Muraeninae.

Rhinomuraena (subgenus of Muraena) Garman [S.] 1888:114 [Bulletin of the Essex Institute v. 20; ref. 1534] Fem. Rhinomuraena quaesita Garman 1888. Type by monotypy. Date possibly 1889. Rhinamuraena is a misspelling. •Valid as Rhinomuraena Garman 1888 -- (Hatooka in Masuda et al. 1984:25 [ref. 6441], Paxton et al. 1989:132 [ref. 12442], Böhlke et al. 1989:130 [ref. 13286], Chen et al. 1994:53 [ref. 22258], Böhlke et al. 1999:1645 [ref. 24692], Allen et al. 2006:257 [ref. 29005], Imamura 2009:21 [ref. 30434], Zhang et al. 2010:236 [ref. 31511], Smith 2012:33 [ref. 32155], Fricke et al. 2018:40 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Valid as Rhinomuraena Garman 1888. Muraenidae: Muraeninae.

Siderea Kaup [J. J.] 1856:58 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 22 (pt. 1); ref. 2572] Fem. Muraena siderea Richardson 1848. Type by absolute tautonymy of an included synonym. Also in Kaup 1857:70 [ref. 2573] as Sidera (incorrect subsequent spelling) and as name only in Kaup in Dumeril 1856:200 [ref. 1154]. •Valid as Siderea Kaup 1856 -- (Castle & McCosker 1986:173 [ref. 5645], Paxton et al. 1989:133 [ref. 12442], Böhlke et al. 1989:130 [ref. 13286], Chen et al. 1994:53 [ref. 22258], Böhlke 1995:462 [ref. 21738], Zhang et al. 2010:247 [ref. 31511]). •Synonym of Gymnothorax Bloch 1795 -- (Böhlke & Randall 2000:226 [ref. 24493], Allen et al. 2006:248 [ref. 29005] with different type, Smith 2012:10 [ref. 32155], Kottelat 2013:41 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnothorax Bloch 1795. Muraenidae: Muraeninae.

Thyrsoidea Kaup [J. J.] 1856:60 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 22 (pt. 1); ref. 2572] Fem. Muraena thyrsoidea Richardson 1845. Type by absolute tautonymy of an included synonym. Muraena thyrsoidea Richardson needlessly renamed Thyrsoidea arenata by Kaup. Also in Kaup 1857:74 [ref. 2573] and as name only in Kaup in Duméril 1856:200 [ref. 1154]. •Valid as Thyrsoides Kaup 1856 [but with different type] (Castle & McCosker 1986:174 [ref. 5645], Ajiad 1987 [ref. 6752] and Paxton et al. 1989:133 [ref. 12442] with type as T. longissima Kaup 1856, Böhlke et al. 1989:130 [ref. 13286]). •Valid as Thyrsoidea Kaup 1856 -- (Böhlke 1995:462 [ref. 21738]). •Synonym of Gymnothorax Bloch 1795 -- (Böhlke & Randall 2000:226 [ref. 24493], Smith 2012:10 [ref. 32155], Kottelat 2013:41 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnothorax Bloch 1795. Muraenidae: Muraeninae.

Typhlotes Fischer [G.] 1813:75 [Zoognosia, tabulis synopticus illustrata v. 1; ref. 1331] Fem. Caecilia branderiana Lacepède 1800 (= Muraena coeca Linnaeus 1758). Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Caecilia Lacepède 1800, preoccupied by Caecilia Linnaeus 1758 in Amphibia. •Synonym of Apterichtus Duméril 1805 -- (Blache et al. 1973:248 [ref. 7185], McCosker 1977:65 [ref. 6836], McCosker et al. 1989:318 [ref. 13288], McCosker & Hibino 2015:50 [ref. 33725]). Current status: Synonym of Apterichtus Duméril 1805. Ophichthidae: Ophichthinae.

Uranichthys Poey [F.] 1867:256 [v. 2; ref. 3503] Masc. Muraena hauannensis Bloch & Schneider 1801. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Jordan & Davis 1891:624 [ref. 2437] if accepted, else by Jordan 1919:347 [ref. 4904]. Species spelled hauannensis by Bloch & Schneider; perhaps havannensis was intended; as hauanensis in index. •Synonym of Ophichthus Thunberg 1789 -- (Kottelat 2013:45 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Ophichthus Ahl 1789 -- (Blache et al. 1973:247 [ref. 7185], McCosker 1977:80 [ref. 6836], McCosker et al. 1989:379 [ref. 13288], McCosker 1999:574 [ref. 23699]). Current status: Synonym of Ophichthus Ahl 1789. Ophichthidae: Ophichthinae.

Verdithorax Whitley [G. P.] 1931:311 [Australian Zoologist v. 6 (pt 4); ref. 4672] Masc. Muraena prasina Richardson 1848. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Lycodontis McClelland 1844 -- (Blache et al. 1973:225 [ref. 7185]). •Synonym of Gymnothorax Bloch 1795 -- (Böhlke et al. 1989:145 [ref. 13286], Böhlke & Randall 2000:226 [ref. 24493], Böhlke & McCosker 2001:93 [ref. 25226], Smith 2012:10 [ref. 32155], Kottelat 2013:42 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnothorax Bloch 1795. Muraenidae: Muraeninae.