Species that contain: Muraena and helena [ 17 ] records

anatina, Muraena Lowe [R. T.] 1838:192 [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 2 (pt 3, art. 14); ref. 2831] Off Madeira. Neotype: BMNH 1869.3.7.1. Neotype designated by Böhlke et al. 1989:136 [ref. 13286]. •Valid as Lycodontis anatinus (Lowe 1838) -- (Blache et al. 1973:225 [ref. 7185]). •Valid as Enchelycore anatina (Lowe 1838) -- (Ben-Tuvia & Golani 1984:541 [ref. 25573], Bauchot in Whitehead et al. 1986:539 [ref. 13676], Edwards & Glass 1987:624 [ref. 9166], Böhlke et al. 1989:136 [ref. 13286], Smith & Böhlke 1990:139 [ref. 19379], Santos et al. 1997:19 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:54 [ref. 24952], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:132 [ref. 25013], Smith 2002:4 [ref. 26440], Feitoza et al. 2003:68 [ref. 26943], Böhlke & Smith 2003:704 [ref. 26990], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27192], Golani 2005:16 [ref. 37112], Vaske et al. 2005:78 [ref. 36155], Fricke et al. 2007:23 [ref. 29533], Smith 2012:7 [ref. 32155], Wirtz et al. 2013:117 [ref. 32972], Wirtz et al. 2014:3 [ref. 33516], Smith & Brito 2016:1624 [ref. 34557], Mohapatra et al. 2017:598 [ref. 35581], Brown et al. 2019:155 [ref. 36444], Carneiro et al. 2019:60 [ref. 37250], Bariche & Fricke 2020:33 [ref. 37515], Kovačić et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37519], Golani 2021:13 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:20 [ref. 39014], Ibrahim et al. 2022:62 [ref. 39386], Gerovasileiou in Kapiris et al. 2024:202 [ref. 41067]). Current status: Valid as Enchelycore anatina (Lowe 1838). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; eastern Atlantic: Azores, Madeira, Canary, Cape Verde Islands; southern-central Atlantic: Saint Helena Island. Habitat: marine.

atlantica, Thyrsoidea Johnson [J. Y.] 1862:168 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862 (pt 2) (art. 2) (for 10 June 1862); ref. 2357] Sea near Madeira, eastern Atlantic. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1862.2.5.2. •Synonym of Muraena helena Linnaeus 1758 -- (Blache et al. 1973:224 [ref. 7185], Smith & Böhlke 1990:145 [ref. 19379]). •Synonym of Muraena augusti (Kaup 1857) -- (Smith 2012:30 [ref. 32155]). Current status: Synonym of Muraena augusti (Kaup 1857). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Habitat: marine.

augusti, Thyrsoidea Kaup [J. J.] 1857:88 [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Madeira. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:127 [ref. 20810]. Not a synonym of Muraena helena -- Smith 2012:30 [ref. 32155]. •Synonym of Muraena helena Linnaeus 1758 -- (Smith & Böhlke 1990:145 [ref. 19379]). •Valid as Muraena augusti (Kaup 1857) -- (Böhlke et al. 1989:195 [ref. 13286], Santos et al. 1997:20 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:55 [ref. 24952] with Günther 1870 as author, Jiménez et al. 2007:101 [ref. 29038], Smith 2012:30 [ref. 32155], Wirtz et al. 2013:118 [ref. 32972], Smith & Brito 2016:1633 [ref. 34557], Carneiro et al. 2019:62 [ref. 37250]). Current status: Valid as Muraena augusti (Kaup 1857). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Portugal to Madeira and Azores. Habitat: marine.

australiae, Muraena helena Richardson [J.] 1848:80, Pl. 49 (figs. 1-6) [Ichthyology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus & Terror v. 2 (2); ref. 3740] Eastern Atlantic [Australia is erroneous]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1847.5.10.16. Type catalog: Böhlke & Smith 2002:95 [ref. 26380] with remarks on type locality. Use of the term australiae in figure caption of Pl. 49 may have been intended as an indication of locality and not a new name, as that term does not appear in the text (p. 80) or list of species. It has been treated, however, as an available name by recent authors. •Valid as Muraena australiae Richardson 1848 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:132 [ref. 12442], Hutchins 2001:17 [ref. 25847]). •Synonym of Muraena helena Linnaeus 1758 -- (Böhlke & McCosker 2001:96 [ref. 25226], Böhlke & Smith 2002:95 [ref. 26380], Smith 2012:31 [ref. 32155]). Current status: Synonym of Muraena helena Linnaeus 1758. Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Habitat: marine.

bettencourti, Muraena Osório [B.] 1911:76, Pl. 2 (fig. 2) [Memorias do Museu Bocage, Lisboa v. 2; ref. 13025] Ilha de Santo Antão, Cape Verde Islands. Holotype (unique): MB (destroyed in 1978 fire). •Synonym of Muraena helena Linnaeus 1758 -- (Blache et al. 1973:224 [ref. 7185], Smith & Böhlke 1990:145 [ref. 19379]). •Synonym of Muraena augusti (Kaup 1857) -- (Smith 2012:30 [ref. 32155], Smith & Brito 2016:1633 [ref. 34557]). Current status: Synonym of Muraena augusti (Kaup 1857). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Habitat: marine.

fulva, Muraenophis Risso [A.] 1810:367 [Ichthyologie de Nice; ref. 3755] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Muraena helena Linnaeus 1758 -- (Blache et al. 1973:224 [ref. 7185], Smith & Böhlke 1990:145 [ref. 19379], Smith 2012:31 [ref. 32155]). Current status: Synonym of Muraena helena Linnaeus 1758. Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Habitat: marine.

guttata, Muraena Risso [A.] 1827:191 [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Muraena guttata Forsskål 1775. •Synonym of Muraena helena Linnaeus 1758 -- (Smith & Böhlke 1990:145 [ref. 19379], Smith 2012:31 [ref. 32155]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Muraena helena Linnaeus 1758. Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Habitat: marine.

helena, Muraena Linnaeus [C.] 1758:244 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Mediterranean Sea, western North Atlantic [original: "in Europæ, Americæ Oceano"]; localities include Spain; France; Rome and Sicily, Italy; Lesbos Island, Greece; Syria; Bahamas. Syntypes: ZMUU Linn. Coll. 57 (1, only surviving specimen). Type catalog: Lönnberg 1896:24 [ref. 23530], Wheeler 1991:160-161, Fig. 5 [ref. 20102]. Lectotype or neotype fixation needed: the type locality should be restricted to Mediterranean Sea according to current usage. Originally based on multiple species and at least 36 pre-Linnaean sources including Artedi 1738:25 [ref. 30578] and Artedi 1738:41 [ref. 30349] as Muraena pinnis pectoralibus carens; Rondelet 1554:402 [ref. 30354] as Muræna, Salviani 1558:60, Pl. (p. 59) [ref. 30229] as Muræna, Charleton 1668:126 [ref. 30580] as Muræna, Willughby 1686:103 [ref. 30164] and Ray 1713:34 [ref. 30231] as Muræna, Catesby 1743:20, 21, Pl. 20-21 [ref. 774] as Muræna maculata nigra & viridis and Muræna maculata nigra. The surviving syntype is not this species, and a neotype would be desirable (see Smith 2012:31 [ref. 32155]). •Valid as Muraena helena Linnaeus 1758 -- (Blache et al. 1973:224 [ref. 7185], Bauchot in Whitehead et al. 1986:543 [ref. 13676], Böhlke et al. 1989:195 [ref. 13286], Smith & Böhlke 1990:145 [ref. 19379], Randall & Golani 1995:869 [ref. 21744], Santos et al. 1997:20 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:55 [ref. 24952], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:31 [ref. 26753], Falcón et al. 2003:144 [ref. 39343], Golani 2005:16 [ref. 37112], Fricke et al. 2007:23 [ref. 29533], Jiménez et al. 2007:101 [ref. 29038], Smith et al. 2008:67 [ref. 29432], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:18 [ref. 36649], Smith 2012:31 [ref. 32155], Stern & Goren 2013:197 [ref. 32673], Wirtz et al. 2013:118 [ref. 32972], Smith & Brito 2016:1634 [ref. 34557], Vieira et al. 2016:[4] [ref. 34869], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[22] 260 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:23 [ref. 36273], Martins & Carneiro 2018:21 [ref. 36550], Artüz & Fricke 2019:553 [ref. 36612], Carneiro et al. 2019:62 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:92 [ref. 36864], Iglésias et al. 2019:278 [ref. 37098], Smith et al. 2019:60 [ref. 37159], Bariche & Fricke 2020:34 [ref. 37515], Kovačić et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37519], Bañón & Maño 2021:50 [ref. 38883], Golani 2021:15 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:20 [ref. 39014], Fermon et al. 2022:115 [ref. 39448] with question, Smith & Böhlke 2022:67 [ref. 39681]). Current status: Valid as Muraena helena Linnaeus 1758. Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; eastern Atlantic: British Isles south to Cape Verde Islands [but now excluding augusti]; Red Sea (Mediterranean Sea immigrant). Habitat: marine.

melanotis, Limamuraena Kaup [J. J.] 1859:27, Pl. 4 (fig. 3) [Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften herausgegeben von dem Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg v. 4 (no. 2); ref. 2586] West Africa. Holotype (unique): ?ZMH H390. Type catalog: Ladiges et al. 1958:160 [ref. 19181], Wilkens & Dohse 1993:404 [ref. 21161]. The size and dentition of the "holotype" do not agree with the description (E. Böhlke, pers. comm., Aug. 1997). •Valid as Muraena melanotis (Kaup 1859) -- (Böhlke et al. 1989:195 [ref. 13286], Smith & Böhlke 1990:146 [ref. 19379], Afonso et al. 1999:69 [ref. 25466], Feitoza et al. 2003:68 [ref. 26943], Vaske et al. 2005:78 [ref. 36155], Jiménez et al. 2007:103 [ref. 29038], Wirtz et al. 2007:25 [ref. 30263], Smith 2012:32 [ref. 32155], Wirtz et al. 2013:118 [ref. 32972], Smith & Brito 2016:1635 [ref. 34557], Brown et al. 2019:156 [ref. 36444], Carneiro et al. 2019:63 [ref. 37250], Reiner 2019:62 [ref. 38139], Fermon et al. 2022:115 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Muraena melanotis (Kaup 1859). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Saint Paul's Rocks; southern central Atlantic: Saint Helena; eastern Atlantic: Mauritania south to Angola, including ?Madeira, Cape Verde Islands and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

miliaris, Thrysoidea Kaup [J. J.] 1856:63 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 22 (pt. 1); ref. 2572] Martinique Island, West Indies. Holotype (unique): MNHN B-2456. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:103 [ref. 20810]. Also in Kaup 1856:90 [ref. 2573]. According to Smith 2012:20 [ref. 32155], Böhlke 1982:40 serves as first reviser selecting miliaris over irregularis and flavopicta; all three described by Kaup in the same publication. •Valid as Muraena miliaris (Kaup 1856) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:54 [ref. 23100], Smith & Böhlke 1990:146 [ref. 19379], Cervigón 1991:44 [ref. 24472]). •Valid as Gymnothorax miliaris (Kaup 1856) -- (Edwards & Glass 1987:624 [ref. 9166], Böhlke et al. 1989:155 [ref. 13286], Smith 1989:906 [ref. 13285], Boschung 1992:32 [ref. 23239], Bauchot et al. 1993:102 [ref. 20810], Santos et al. 1997:121 [ref. 23531], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:134 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:148 [ref. 27754], Gasparini & Floeter 2001:1643 [ref. 25634], Collette et al. 2003:98 [ref. 26784], Feitoza et al. 2003:68 [ref. 26943], Böhlke & Smith 2003:710 [ref. 26990], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:8 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:61 [ref. 27807], Vaske et al. 2005:78 [ref. 36155], Smith 2012:20 [ref. 32155], Page et al. 2013:61 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:117 [ref. 32972], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:24 [ref. 33341], Wirtz et al. 2014:3 [ref. 33516], Pinheiro et al. 2015:5 [ref. 34324], Smith & Brito 2016:1629 [ref. 34557], Spier et al. 2018:6 [ref. 36103], Brown et al. 2019:155 [ref. 36444], Carneiro et al. 2019:61 [ref. 37250], Sumod et al. 2019:364 [ref. 36895], Robertson et al. 2020:159 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:74 [ref. 38844], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:74 [ref. 39585], Carvalho-Filho 2023:52 [ref. 40480], Martínez-Servín et al. 2023:115 [ref. 40726], Page et al. 2023:52 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Gymnothorax miliaris (Kaup 1856). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Bahamas and Florida (U.S.A.) south to Brazil, including Caribbean Sea; central Atlantic: Ascension and Saint Helena islands; eastern Atlantic: Canary Islands and Cape Verde Islands, possibly Azores. Habitat: marine.

moringa, Muraena Cuvier [G.] (ex Catesby) 1829:352 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Antilles. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1993:125 [ref. 20810]. Available from footnote as, "Aj. la moringue des Antilles. (M. moringa, N.) Catesb., II, xxi." Based on the "Muraena maculata nigra" of Catesby 1743: 21, Pl. 21 [ref. 774]. •Valid as Lycodontis moringa (Cuvier 1829) -- (Cervigón 1991:39 [ref. 24472], Cervigón 1992:368 [ref. 23827], Aguilera 1998:46 [ref. 24221]). •Valid as Gymnothorax moringa (Cuvier 1829) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:53 [ref. 23100], Edwards & Glass 1987:625 [ref. 9166], Böhlke et al. 1989:179 [ref. 13286], Smith 1989:910 [ref. 13285], Smith & Böhlke 1990:142 [ref. 19379], Boschung 1992:32 [ref. 23239], Andreata & Séret 1996:581 [ref. 16204], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:236 [ref. 23897], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:135 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:148 [ref. 27754], Gasparini & Floeter 2001:1643 [ref. 25634], Rocha & Rosa 2001:989 [ref. 25909], Collette et al. 2003:98 [ref. 26784], Böhlke & Smith 2003:711 [ref. 26990], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:9 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:61 [ref. 27807], Prokofiev & Kukuev 2009:215 [ref. 30172] as cf. moringa, Smith 2012:21 [ref. 32155], Page et al. 2013:61 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:24 [ref. 33341], Wirtz et al. 2014:3 [ref. 33516], Pinheiro et al. 2015:6 [ref. 34324], Smith & Brito 2016:1639 [ref. 34557], Robertson et al. 2016:144 [ref. 34961], Spier et al. 2018:6 [ref. 36103], Brown et al. 2019:155 [ref. 36444], Reiner 2019:60 [ref. 38139], Robertson et al. 2020:159 [ref. 38098], Carvalho-Filho et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:99 [ref. 38945], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:74 [ref. 38844], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:74 [ref. 39585], Carvalho-Filho 2023:53 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40463], Page et al. 2023:52 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Gymnothorax moringa (Cuvier 1829). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: North Carolina (U.S.A.) and Bermuda south to southeastern Brazil, including Caribbean Sea; southern central Atlantic: Ascension Island and Saint Helena Island; eastern Atlantic: São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

muraena, Gymnothorax Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:525 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] No types known. •Synonym of Muraena helena Linnaeus 1758 -- (Blache et al. 1973:224 [ref. 7185], Smith & Böhlke 1990:145 [ref. 19379], Smith 2012:31 [ref. 32155]). Current status: Synonym of Muraena helena Linnaeus 1758. Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Habitat: marine.

punctata, Muraena Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:68, Pl. 15 (fig. 2) [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Spelled punctatus on plate. Also appeared in Rafinesque 1810:44 [ref. 3595]. •Synonym of Muraena helena Linnaeus 1758 -- (Blache et al. 1973:224 [ref. 7185], Smith & Böhlke 1990:145 [ref. 19379], Smith 2012:31 [ref. 32155], Parenti 2019:103 [ref. 37117]). Current status: Synonym of Muraena helena Linnaeus 1758. Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Habitat: marine.

romana, Muraena Shaw [G.] 1803:26 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Muraena helena Linnaeus 1758 -- (Blache et al. 1973:224 [ref. 7185], Smith 2012:31 [ref. 32155]). Current status: Synonym of Muraena helena Linnaeus 1758. Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Habitat: marine.

sanctaehelenae, Muraena Günther [A.] 1870:115 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 8; ref. 1995] Saint Helena Island, southern central Atlantic. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1868.3.11.3. Originally as sanctae helenae. •Synonym of Lycodontis anatinus (Lowe 1841) -- (Blache et al. 1973:225 [ref. 7185]). •Synonym of Enchelycore anatina (Lowe 1838) -- (Edwards & Glass 1987:624 [ref. 9166], Böhlke et al. 1989:136 [ref. 13286], Smith & Böhlke 1990:139 [ref. 19379], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:132 [ref. 25013], Smith 2012:7-8 [ref. 32155] but possibly valid, Brown et al. 2019:155 [ref. 36444] but possibly valid). Current status: Synonym of Enchelycore anatina (Lowe 1838). Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Distribution: Southern central Atlantic: Saint Helena (if valid). Habitat: marine.

variegata, Muraena Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:67 [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Also appeared in Rafinesque 1810:44 [ref. 3595]. •Synonym of Muraena helena Linnaeus 1758 -- (Blache et al. 1973:224 [ref. 7185], Smith & Böhlke 1990:145 [ref. 19379], Smith 2012:31 [ref. 32155], Parenti 2019:103 [ref. 37117]). Current status: Synonym of Muraena helena Linnaeus 1758. Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Habitat: marine.

vorax, Muraena Ogilby [J. D.] 1907:11 [Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland v. 20; ref. 3282] Eastern Atlantic based on type, not Western Australia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1847.5.10.16. Type catalog: Böhlke & Smith 2002:95 [ref. 26380], Böhlke & Smith 2002:154 [ref. 26380] "New name proposed for the Australian form hitherto identified with Muraena helena." Regarded as a replacement name, taking Richardson's holotype according to Böhlke & Smith 2002:95 [ref. 26380] and Böhlke & Smith 2002:154 [ref. 26380]. •Synonym of Muraena australiae Richardson 1848 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:132 [ref. 12442]). •Synonym of Muraena helena Linnaeus 1758 -- (Böhlke & McCosker 2001:96 [ref. 25226], Böhlke & Smith 2002:95 [ref. 26380], Böhlke & Smith 2002:154 [ref. 26380] based on p. 95, Smith 2012:31 [ref. 32155]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Muraena helena Linnaeus 1758. Muraenidae: Muraeninae. Habitat: marine.