Species that contain: Oncorhynchus and mykiss and gairdneri [ 14 ] records

argentatus, Salmo irideus morpha Bajkov [A. D.] 1927:388 [12], Fig. 4B; Pl. 1 (fig. a) [Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries (n. s.) v. 3 (no. 16); ref. 15776] Buffalo Prairie Lake, Caledonia Lake and Athabasca River, Alberta, Canada. Holotype: whereabouts unknown. Paratypes: UMMZ 80841 (1). On p. 12 of separate. •Synonym of Salmo gairdnerii Richardson 1836 -- (Scott & Crossman 1998:191 [ref. 24570] as gairdneri). •Synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792) -- (current authors). Current status: Synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792). Salmonidae: Salmoninae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

beardsleei, Salmo gairdneri Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] in Jordan 1896:209, Pl. 23 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 6; ref. 2395] Lake Crescent, Washington, U.S.A. Lectotype: CAS-SU 11864 (not on shelves in 1995). Paralectotypes: CAS-SU 11861-62 (1, 1), 11865 (1, not on shelves in 1995). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:14 [ref. 12291]. Lectotype established in Jordan 1896:244 [ref. 2395]. •Synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792), subspecies irideus (Gibbons 1855) -- (Behnke 1992:199 [ref. 23385]). Current status: Synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792). Salmonidae: Salmoninae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

gairdnerii, Salmo Richardson [J.] (ex Gairdner) 1836:221 [Fauna Boreali-Americana Part 3; ref. 3731] Columbia River, western U.S.A. No types known. Original species spelling gairdnerii should be used. •Valid as Salmo gairdnerii Richardson 1836 [often as gairdneri] -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:26 [ref. 37559], Lee et al. 1980:106 [ref. 22416], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:78 [ref. 9277], Cadwallader & Backhouse 1983:154 [ref. 25473], Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:37 [ref. 6441], Wang 1984:106 [ref. 22951], Robins & Ray 1986:76 [ref. 23100], Smith 1986:223 [ref. 22186], Robison & Buchanan 1988:124 [ref. 23393], Scott & Scott 1988:120 [ref. 25518] as gairdneri, Paxton et al. 1989:164 [ref. 12442], Pequeño 1989:28 [ref. 14125], Paulin et al. 1989:91 [ref. 24556] as gairdneri, McAllister 1990:84 [ref. 14674], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:719 [ref. 20764], Mitrofanov et al. 1992:56 [ref. 37756] as gairdneri, La Rivers 1994:300 [ref. 23389], Zhu 1995:10, 203 [ref. 25213], Haro et al. 1996:6 [ref. 25004], Cheng & Zhou 1997:85 [ref. 26385] as gairdneri, Scott & Crossman 1998:184 [ref. 24570], Raju Thomas et al. 1999:200 [ref. 24210], Wang et al. 2001:64 [ref. 26566] as gairdneri). •Synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792), but a valid subspecies -- (Behnke 1992:175 [ref. 23385] as gairdneri, Stearley & Smith 1993:21 [ref. 266/83] as gairdneri, Thurow et al. 1997:1094 [ref. 25523], Fuller et al. 1999:250 [ref. 25838], Scharpf 2006:31 [ref. 30386], McPhail 2007:000 [ref. 31199] as gairdneri). •Valid as Parasalmo gairdneri (Richardson 1836) -- (Chereshnev 1996:604 [ref. 24659]). •Synonym of Parasalmo mykiss (Walbaum 1792) -- (Dorofeeva & Savvaitova 1998:34 [ref. 23574], Sheiko & Fedorov 2000:20 [ref. 25650], Parin et al. 2014:135 [ref. 33547]). •Synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Richardson 1836) -- (Mecklenburg et al. 2002:204 [ref. 25968], Mundy 2005:162 [ref. 28379], Paxton et al. 2006:414 [ref. 28994]). •Synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Richardson 1836) but a valid subspecies gairdnerii (Richardson 1836) -- (Page & Burr 2011:412 [ref. 31215], Campbell et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40050]). Current status: Synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792). Salmonidae: Salmoninae. Distribution: North America: east of the Cascade Range, Columbia River and Harney basin, western Canada south to Washington, Oregon and east to Idaho and Nevada (U.S.A.); introduced widely elsewhere [subspecies gairdnerii]. Habitat: freshwater.

gibbsii, Salmo Suckley [G.] 1859:1 [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 7 (art. 1); ref. 18855] Columbia River, Fort Dalles, Oregon, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 940 (skin). •Synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792), subspecies gairdnerii (Richardson 1836) -- (Behnke 1992:177 [ref. 23385] as gairdneri). Current status: Synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792). Salmonidae: Salmoninae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

gilberti, Salmo gairdneri var. Jordan [D. S.] 1894:143, Pl. [Biennial Report of the State Board of Fish Commissioners of the State of California (1893-1894); ref. 12345] South Fork of Kern River, California, U.S.A. Lectotype: CAS-SU 11511. Paralectotypes: CAS-SU 11509 (1). Non-types: MCZ 29063 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:15 [ref. 12291]. Lectotype established in Jordan & Evermann 1896:502 [ref. 2443] as SU 11511 but apparently in error, see Böhlke 1953:15 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792), but a valid subspecies gilberti (Jordan 1894) as described -- (Behnke 1992:191 [ref. 23385], Fuller et al. 1999:250 [ref. 25838], Moyle 2002:272 [ref. 26449], Scharpf 2006:31 [ref. 30386], Page & Burr 2011:413 [ref. 31215]). •Valid as Oncorhynchus aguabonita (Jordan 1892) subspecies gilberti (Jordan 1894) -- (Campbell et al. 2023:21 [ref. 40050]). Current status: Synonym of Oncorhynchus aguabonita (Jordan 1892). Salmonidae: Salmoninae. Distribution: North America: Kern River system, California, U.S.A. [subspecies gilberti]. Habitat: freshwater.

iridea, Salmo Gibbons [W. P.] 1855:[2] col. 6 [The Pacific [newspaper] v. 4 (no. 17); ref. 18107] San Leandro Creek, Alameda County, California, U.S.A. Syntypes: ?USNM 594 (1), ?USNM 228615 (2). Appeared first as above on 30 Mar.; then in Ayres 1855:36 [ref. 18107]. Emended to Salmo irideus by Günther 1866:119 [ref. 1983]. •Valid as Salmo irideus Gibbons 1855 -- (Herrera 1896:30 [ref. 39336], Kuroda 1953:273 [ref. 39545], Okada 1961:724 [ref. 6363]). •Synonym of Salmo gairdnerii Richardson 1836 -- (Cadwallader & Backhouse 1983:215 [ref. 25473], Smith 1986:228 [ref. 22186], Scott & Crossman 1998:191 [ref. 24570] as gairdneri). •Synonym of Salmo gairdnerii Richardson 1837 but a valid subspecies iridius Gibbons 1855 -- (Pequeño 1989:29 [ref. 14125], La Rivers 1994:306 [ref. 23389], Raju Thomas et al. 2002:50 [ref. 26359] as irredius). •Synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792) -- (Sigler & Sigler 1996:177 [ref. 25943], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:204 [ref. 25968], Minckley & Marsh 2009:90 [ref. 31114]). •Synonym of Parasalmo mykiss (Walbaum 1792) -- (Dorofeeva & Savvaitova 1998:34 [ref. 23574]). •Synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792), but a valid subspecies irideus (Gibbons 1855) -- (Behnke 1992:191 [ref. 23385], Stearley & Smith 1993:21 [ref. 26683], Thurow et al. 1997:1094 [ref. 25523], Fuller et al. 1999:250 [ref. 25838], Moyle 2002:272 [ref. 26449], Scharpf 2006:31 [ref. 30386], McPhail 2007:275 [ref. 31199], Page & Burr 2011:411 [ref. 31215], Penaluna et al. 2016:291 [ref. 34726], Campbell et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40050]). Current status: Synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792). Salmonidae: Salmoninae. Distribution: North America: west of the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada along the Pacific Coast, Alaska, Canada and to southern California, U.S.A. [subspecies irideus]. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

kamloops, Oncorhynchus Jordan [D. S.] 1892:405 [Forest and Stream. A Weekly Journal of the Rod and Gun. v. 39 (no. 19); ref. 12342] Kamloops Lake, British Columbia, Canada. Holotype: USNM 44238. Paratypes: CAS-SU 10803 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:14 [ref. 12291]. Appeared as Salmo kamloops in the article just before the description. Also appeared as Salmo kamloops in Jordan 1892:60, Fig. [ref. 10489, with nearly identical text]. Earliest not researched. •Synonym of Salmo gairdnerii Richardson 1837, but a valid subspecies -- (La Rivers 1994:300 [ref. 23389]). •Synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792), subspecies gairdnerii (Richardson 1836) -- (Behnke 1992:177 [ref. 23385] as gairdneri). •Synonym of Salmo gairdnerii Richardson 1837 -- (Scott & Crossman 1998:191 [ref. 24570] as gairdneri). •Synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792) -- (Sigler & Sigler 1996:177 [ref. 25943]). Current status: Synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792). Salmonidae: Salmoninae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

masoni, Salmo Suckley [G.] 1860:345 [Report upon the fishes collected on the survey. Route near the forth-seventh and forth-ninth parallels v. 12 (Book 2) (pt 3); ref. 18856] Columbia River at Fort Dalles; Catlapootl River; North America. No types known. Based on Fario clarkii of Girard 1856:219 and 1858:314 (not of Richardson). •Synonym of Salmo gairdnerii Richardson 1837 -- (La Rivers 1994:300 [ref. 23389], Scott & Crossman 1998:191 [ref. 24570] as gairdneri). •Synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792) -- (current authors). Current status: Synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792). Salmonidae: Salmoninae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

mykiss, Salmo Walbaum [J. J.] 1792:59 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] Kamchatka, Russia. No types known. Western authors do not usually recognize the genus Parasalmo. American authors include Salmo gairdneri and Salmo iridea as synonyms of Oncorhynchus mykiss. •Valid as Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792), subspecies mykiss -- (Stearley & Smith 1993:21 [ref. 26683], Hanel & Lusk 2005:310 [ref. 28804], Miller 2006:176 [ref. 28615]). •Valid as Salmo mykiss Walbaum 1792 -- (Berg 1948:267 [ref. 12882], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:152 [ref. 25598], Mitrofanov et al. 1992:119 [ref. 37756], Scharpf 2006:30 [ref. 30386] with subspecies, Shrestha 2008:200 [ref. 29923], Minckley & Marsh 2009:90, 95 [ref. 31114]). •Valid as Parasalmo mykiss (Walbaum 1792) -- (Chereshnev 1996:604 [ref. 24659], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:729 [ref. 24702], Zolotukhin & Romanov 1998:418 [ref. 24678], Dorofeeva & Savvaitova 1998:34 [ref. 23574], Keith et al. 1999:80 [ref. 24548], Sheiko & Fedorov 2000:20 [ref. 25650], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:46 [ref. 26178], Chereshnev et al. 2001:88 [ref. 26736], Kuzishchin et al. 2002:751 [ref. 26574], Fedorov et al. 2003:40 [ref. 27579], Alekseyev et al. 2004:48 [ref. 27625], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:154 [ref. 28183], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:348 [ref. 30085], Parin et al. 2014:135 [ref. 33547], Dyldin et al. 2020:83, 103 [ref. 37569]). •Valid as Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792) -- (Tomelleri & Eberle 1990:49 [ref. 24089], Page & Burr 1991:54 [ref. 18983], Pethiyagoda 1991:169 [ref. 20075], Coad 1991:20 [ref. 15702], Boschung 1992:68 [ref. 23239], Behnke 1992:161 [ref. 23385], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:30 [ref. 22290], Etnier & Starnes 1993:346 [ref. 22809], Swift et al. 1993:109 [ref. 22379], Skelton 1993:263 [ref. 24071], Gomon et al. 1994:230 [ref. 22532], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:584 [ref. 21581], Poll & Gosse 1995:101 [ref. 24781], Coad 1995:25 [ref. 23608], Baxter & Stone 1995:180 [ref. 23374], Stauffer et al. 1995:235 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:168 [ref. 23394], Mrakovcic et al. 1995:183 [ref. 23079], Davies & McDowall in McDowall 1996:87 [ref. 22909], Andersen & Deacon 1996:126 [ref. 24717], Coad 1996:85 [ref. 25304], Chilcott & Humphries 1996:145 [ref. 25528], Mettee et al. 1996:423 [ref. 25836], Kottelat 1997:124 [ref. 22952], Murdy et al. 1997:101 [ref. 23144], Kim 1997:515 [ref. 24032], Sigler & Sigler 1996:177 [ref. 25943], Morgan et al. 1998:39 [ref. 24611], De la Cruz-Agüero 1999:77 [ref. 23979], Fricke 1999:87 [ref. 24106], Fuller et al. 1999:250 [ref. 25838], Dyer 2000:89 [ref. 26678], Lyons et al. 2000:48 [ref. 26594]. Nakabo 2000:299 [ref. 25086], Rafique 2000:323 [ref. 25220], Azeroual et al. 2000:20 [ref. 25366], Matsuura et al. 2000:29 [ref. 26000], Pietsch et al. 2001:143 [ref. 25688], Hutchins 2001:18 [ref. 25847], Gabrielyan 2001:25 [ref. 25867], Ross et al. 2001:339 [ref. 25978], Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:200 [ref. 26728], Skelton 2001:263 [ref. 27406], Kim & Park 2002:286 [ref. 25913], Kocik & Friedland in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:173 [ref. 26158], Allen et al. 2002:357 [ref. 25930], Nakabo 2002:299 [ref. 26001], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:204 [ref. 25968], Choi et al. 2003:194, 531 [ref. 26218], Moyle 2002:271 [ref. 26449], Mirza 2003:3 [ref. 27265], López et al. 2003:67 [ref. 27366], Jang et al. 2003:119 [ref. 27681], Wydoski & Whitney 2003:73 [ref. 27816] with author as Richardson, Hanel 2003:58 [ref. 27894], Seegers et al. 2003:39 [ref. 28087], Nelson et al. 2004:86 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:151 [ref. 27882], Miller & Robison 2004:256 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:352 [ref. 27995], Snoeks 2004:21 [ref. 28111], Hammer & Walker 2004:91 [ref. 28129], Menni 2004:85 [ref. 28131], Love et al. 2005:34 [ref. 37547], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:164 [ref. 28369], Mundy 2005:162 [ref. 28379], Paxton et al. 2006:414 [ref. 28994], Fricke 2007:28 [ref. 30577], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:400 [ref. 29996], McPhail 2007:275 [ref. 31199], Raadik 2008:212 [ref. 30624], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:168 [ref. 31251], Fricke et al. 2009:23 [ref. 30213], Esmaeili et al. 2010:373 [ref. 33391], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:21 [ref. 36649], Page & Burr 2011:410 [ref. 31215] with 6 subspecies, Marshall 2011:190 [ref. 31755], Hammer et al. 2012:66 [ref. 32389], Angulo et al. 2013:994 [ref. 33194], Gurung et al. 2013:4884 [ref. 32969], Kottelat 2013:270 [ref. 32989], Page et al. 2013:87 [ref. 32708], Barriga Salazar 2014:104 [ref. 35745] as Onchoryncus, Sarmiento et al. 2014:135, 189 [ref. 35004], Barbieri et al. 2015:82 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:150 [ref. 35151], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:891 [ref. 34062], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:290 [ref. 34894], McDowall & Roberts 2015:411 [ref. 34244], Mirande & Koerber 2015:49 [ref. 35117], Pietsch & Orr 2015:22 [ref. 34694], Bertaco et al. 2016:435 [ref. 34561], Kells et al. 2016:100 [ref. 35888], Nión et al. 2016:35 [ref. 35565], Reis et al. 2016:18 [ref. 34496], Zhang et al. 2016:212 [ref. 34477], Esmaeili et al. 2017:76 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:56 [ref. 36089], Fricke et al. 2018:64 [ref. 35805], Kuiter 2018:106 [ref. 36369], Burton & Lea 2019:41 [ref. 37205], Ćaleta et al. 2019:176 [ref. 37026], Carneiro et al. 2019:85 [ref. 37250], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:253 [ref. 37108], Bayçelebi 2020:760 [ref. 37964], Çiçek & Sungur 2020:117 [ref. 38064], Çiçek et al. 2020:255 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:219 [ref. 37983], Kaya et al. 2020:339 [ref. 37582], Yogurtçuoglu et al. 2020:[15] [ref. 37627], Bayhan 2021:250 [ref. 40683], Kelleci et al. 2021:282 [ref. 38359], Love et al. 2021:53 [ref. 39279], Bogdanov & Knizhin 2022:1697 [ref. 40154], Çiçek et al. 2022:4 [ref. 38985], Meza-Vargas et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39566], Pozdeev et al. 2022:6 [ref. 39511], Bertaco & Azevedo 2023:3 [ref. 39997], Bertaco et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40740], Çiçek et al. 2023:42 [ref. 40326], Çiçek et al. 2023:464 [ref. 40601], Çiçek et al. 2023:27 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2023:421 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2023:152 [ref. 40728], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2023:33 [ref. 40667], Nagy et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40348], Page et al. 2023:83 [ref. 40505], Saad et al. 2023:36 [ref. 40501], Shumka et al. 2023:38 [ref. 40747], Çiçek et al. 2024:284 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792). Salmonidae: Salmoninae. Distribution: North Pacific and adjacent basins. Widely introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

newberrii, Salmo Girard [C. F.] 1859:225 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 10 (for Dec. 1858); ref. 18068] Klamath River, Oregon, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 578. Based on Fario gairdneri of Girard 1856:219. Named as "Fario newberrii, or else Salmo newberrii." •Synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792) subspecies gairdnerii (Richardson 1836) -- (Behnke 1992:177 [ref. 23385] as gairdneri but "could be recognized as a subspecies O. m. newberrii"). •Synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792), but a valid subspecies newberrii (Girard 1859) -- (Scharpf 2006:31 [ref. 30386], Page & Burr 2011:412 [ref. 31215], Campbell et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40050]). Current status: Synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792). Salmonidae: Salmoninae. Distribution: North America: northern Great Basin and upper Klamath region, Oregon, northeastern California and northwestern Nevada, U.S.A. [subspecies newberrii]. Habitat: freshwater.

shasta, Salmo gairdneri var. Jordan [D. S.] 1894:142, Pl. [Biennial Report of the State Board of Fish Commissioners of the State of California (1893-1894); ref. 12345] California, U.S.A. Lectotype: CAS-SU 10903 [not CAS-SU 903 as published]. Paralectotypes: CAS-SU 4748 (4). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:15 [ref. 12291]. Lectotype established in Jordan & Evermann 1896:502 [ref. 2443]. •Synonym of Salmo gairdnerii Richardson 1836 -- (Smith 1986:228 [ref. 22186]). •Synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792) subspecies stonei (Jordan 1894) -- (Campbell et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40050]). Current status: Synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792). Salmonidae: Salmoninae. Habitat: freshwater.

stonei, Salmo gairdneri Jordan [D. S.] 1894:60 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 46; ref. 18883] McCloud River at Baird, Shasta County, California, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 10900. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:15 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792), but a valid subspecies stonei (Jordan 1884) -- (Behnke 1992:191 [ref. 23385], Fuller et al. 1999:250 [ref. 25838], Moyle 2002:272 [ref. 26449], Scharpf 2006:31 [ref. 30386], Page & Burr 2011:413 [ref. 31215], Campbell et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40050]). Current status: Synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792). Salmonidae: Salmoninae. Distribution: North America: Warner Valley, Goose Lake, and Chewaucan basin, upper Sacramento River system, California, U.S.A. [subspecies stonei]. Habitat: freshwater.

truncatus, Salmo Suckley [G.] 1859:3 [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 7 (art. 1); ref. 18855] Juan de Fuca Strait, northwestern North America. Holotype (unique): USNM 1134 (not found in 1980). •Synonym of Salmo gairdnerii Richardson 1836 -- (La Rivers 1994:300 [ref. 23389], Scott & Crossman 1998:191 [ref. 24570] as gairdneri). •Now regarded as a synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792). Current status: Synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792). Salmonidae: Salmoninae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

whitehousei, Salmo kamloops Dymond [J. R.] 1931:393 [3] [Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries (n. s.) v. 6 (no. 16); ref. 16269] Six-mile lake near Nelson, British Columbia, Canada. Holotype: ROM 6053. Paratypes: (19) UMMZ 9545 (1). On p. 3 of separate. •Synonym of Salmo gairdnerii Richardson 1836 -- (Scott & Crossman 1998:191 [ref. 24570] as gairdneri). •Now regarded as a synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792). Current status: Synonym of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792). Salmonidae: Salmoninae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.