Species that contain: Paranthias and furcifer [ 9 ] records

castelnaui, Serranus Jordan [D. S.] & Eigenmann [C. H.] 1890:409 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 8 (art. 9) (for 1888); ref. 2440] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype: MNHN 0000-7821 (dry). Replacement name for Centropristis nebulosus Castelnau 1855, secondarily preoccupied in Serranus by Serranus nebulosus Valenciennes 1828. •Synonym of Paranthias furcifer (Valenciennes 1828) -- (Smith 1990:702 [ref. 18227], Heemstra & Randall 1993:284 [ref. 21042], Parenti & Randall 2020:91 [ref. 37354]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Paranthias furcifer (Valenciennes 1828). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

colonus, Serranus Valenciennes [A.] 1846:no page number, Pl. 2 (fig. 1) [Voyage autour du monde sur la frégate "la Vénus"; ref. 6165] Galápagos Islands. Holotype (unique): ?MNHN A-521. Non-types: MNHN 0000-7549 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:26 [ref. 19232] with a holotype and paratype; there can only be a holotype. Dates to publication in plate; corresponding text published as Valenciennes 1855:300 [ref. 4504]. •Synonym of Paranthias furcifer (Valenciennes 1828) -- (Smith 1990:702 [ref. 18227]). •Valid as Paranthias colonus (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Heemstra & Randall 1993:283 [ref. 21042], Allen & Robertson 1994:112 [ref. 22193], Heemstra in Fischer et al. 1995:1610 [ref. 22830], Allen & Robertson 1997:824 [ref. 41086], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:328 [ref. 24023], McCosker et al. 1997:24 [ref. 22816], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:350 [ref. 24555], Thomson et al. 2000:97 [ref. 25640], Heemstra et al. 2003:1362 [ref. 27060], Nelson et al. 2004:129 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:112 [ref. 37547], Béarez & Séret 2009:147 [ref. 36646], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:191 [ref. 30957], Craig et al. 2011:326 [ref. 31786] with date wrongly as 1855, Page et al. 2013:131 [ref. 32708], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:146 [ref. 34871], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:608 [ref. 34923], Kells et al. 2016:226 [ref. 35888], Cambra et al. 2018:2 [ref. 36349], Sánchez-Jiménez et al. 2018:7 [ref. 36248], Parenti & Randall 2020:91 [ref. 37354], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:325 [ref. 40816], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40981]). •Valid as Cephalopholis colonus (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Fourriére et al. 2016:444 [ref. 34668], Ma & Craig 2018:454 [ref. 36100], Love et al. 2021:145 [ref. 39279]). Current status: Valid as Cephalopholis colonus (Valenciennes 1846). Epinephelidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern California (U.S.A.) south to Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico), Clipperton Island (France) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

creolus, Serranus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828:265 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 2; ref. 997] Caribbean Sea. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-4326 (1) Martinique, MNHN 0000-4327 (1) Santo Domingo. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:27 [ref. 19232]. •Synonym of Paranthias furcifer (Valenciennes 1828) -- (Smith 1990:702 [ref. 18227], Heemstra 1991:57 [ref. 19323], Heemstra & Randall 1993:284 [ref. 21042], Parenti & Randall 2020:91 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Paranthias furcifer (Valenciennes 1828). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

dubius, Serranus Poey [F.] 1860:142 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Probably near Havana, Cuba. Holotype (unique): MCZ 10019. See Smith 1966:2 [ref. 29777] for remarks on type. •Based on a hybrid of Paranthias furcifer and Cephalopholis fulva -- (see Smith 1966:1 [ref. 29777] and Heemstra & Randall 1993:26 [ref. 21042]). Parenti & Randall 2020:130 [ref. 37354] Hybrid. Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

furcifer, Serranus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828:264 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 2; ref. 997] Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-0131. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:28 [ref. 19232]. •Valid as Cephalopholis furcifer (Valenciennes 1828) -- (Page et al. 2013:131 [ref. 32708], Ma & Craig 2018:454 [ref. 36100], Carvalho-Filho 2023:114 [ref. 40480]). •Valid as Paranthias furcifer (Valenciennes 1828) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:136 [ref. 23100], Smith 1990:702 [ref. 18227], Bullock & Smith 1991:152 [ref. 36591], Heemstra 1991:57 [ref. 19323], Cervigón 1991:354 [ref. 24472], Boschung 1992:109 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:433 [ref. 23827], Heemstra & Randall 1993:284 [ref. 21042], Grace et al. 1994:44 [ref. 25512], Evseenko 1996:727 [ref. 24666] as fuscifer, Grove & Lavenberg 1997:329 [ref. 24023], Aguilera 1998:48 [ref. 24221], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:216 [ref. 25013], Afonso et al. 1999:72 [ref. 25466], Thomson et al. 2000:97 [ref. 25640], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:157 [ref. 27754], Bostrom et al. 2002:655 [ref. 26722], Collette et al. 2003:107 [ref. 26784], Heemstra et al. 2003:1362 [ref. 27060], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:77 [ref. 27192], Nelson et al. 2004:129 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:172 [ref. 28815], Wirtz et al. 2007:30 [ref. 30263], Craig et al. 2011:328 [ref. 31786], Smith-Vaniz & Collette 2013:171 [ref. 32953], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:42 [ref. 33341], Wirtz et al. 2014:6 [ref. 33516], Lins Oliveira et al. 2015:149 [ref. 37485], Pinheiro et al. 2015:14 [ref. 34324], Triay-Portella et al. 2015:165 [ref. 36561], Heemstra & Anderson in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2401 [ref. 34618], Robertson et al. 2016:145 [ref. 34961], Almeida & Alves 2019:272 [ref. 37509], Reiner 2019:174 [ref. 38139], Bariche & Fricke 2020:137 [ref. 37515], Evans et al. 2020:490 [ref. 37995] as Paranthias cf. furcifer, Kovačić et al. 2020:41 [ref. 37519], Parenti & Randall 2020:91 [ref. 37354], Robertson et al. 2020:162 [ref. 38098], Carvalho-Filho et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:529 [ref. 38945], González-Lorenzo et al. 2021:148 [ref. 38374], Kovačić et al. 2021:78 [ref. 39014], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:71 [ref. 39585], Fermon et al. 2022:288 [ref. 39448], Hoff et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40463]). Current status: Valid as Paranthias furcifer (Valenciennes 1828). Epinephelidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda and Florida (U.S.A.) south to Santa Catarina (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and eastern and southern Caribbean Sea; southern-central Atlantic: Ascension Island; eastern Atlantic: Gabon, Annobón (Equatorial Guinea), and São Tomé and Principe. Invasive at Canary Islands (Spain), Croatia and in Lebanon. Habitat: marine.

nebulosus, Centropristis Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:5, Pl. 1 (fig. 4) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype: MNHN 0000-7821 (dry). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:13 [ref. 19232]. •Synonym of Paranthias furcifer (Valenciennes 1828) -- (Smith 1990:702 [ref. 18227], Heemstra 1991:57 [ref. 19323], Heemstra & Randall 1993:284 [ref. 21042], Parenti & Randall 2020:91 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Paranthias furcifer (Valenciennes 1828). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

oxyptera, Corvina DeKay [J. E.] 1842:77, Pl. 30 (fig. 96) [Zoology of New-York; ref. 1098] New York coast, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): Cabinet of Lyceum of N.Y. (whereabouts unknown). •Synonym of Paranthias furcifer (Valenciennes 1828) -- (Smith 1990:702 [ref. 18227], Heemstra 1991:57 [ref. 19323], Heemstra & Randall 1993:284 [ref. 21042], Parenti & Randall 2020:91 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Paranthias furcifer (Valenciennes 1828). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

pinguis, Paranthias Walford [L. A.] 1936:2 [Occasional Papers of the Santa Barbara Museum v. 4; ref. 13272] Guaymas, Mexico. Holotype: USNM 100980. Paratypes: USNM 10167 (1). •Synonym of Paranthias furcifer (Valenciennes 1828) -- (Smith 1990:702 [ref. 18227]). •Valid as Paranthias pinguis Walford 1936 -- (Grove & Lavenberg 1997:329 [ref. 24023]). •Synonym of Paranthias colonus (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Heemstra & Randall 1993:283 [ref. 21042], Heemstra in Fischer et al. 1995:1610 [ref. 22830], Thomson et al. 2000:97 [ref. 25640], Parenti & Randall 2020:91 [ref. 37354]). •Synonym of Cephalopholis colonus (Valenciennes 1846). Current status: Synonym of Cephalopholis colonus (Valenciennes 1846). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

punctiferus, Menephorus Poey [F.] 1875:95 [21] [Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, Madrid v. 4 (for 13 Jan. 1875); ref. 3509] Cuba. Holotype (unique): MCZ 33938. Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:190 [ref. 22926]. See Smith 1966:2 [ref. 29777] for remarks on type. On p. 21 of separate. • Based on a hybrid of Paranthias furcifer and Cephalopholis fulva -- (Smith 1966:4 [ref. 29777]). Hybrid. Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.