Species that contain: Phoxinus and phoxinus [ 106 ] records

abanticus, Phoxinus Turan [D.], Bayçelebi [E.], Özuluğ [M.], Gaygusuz [Ö.] & Aksu [İ.] 2023:4, Figs. 4, 7-10 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 102 (no. 5); ref. 40351] Outlet of Lake Abant, Bolu Province, Turkey, 40.664722N, 31.425000E. Holotype: FFR 2322. Paratypes: FFR, IUSHM. •Valid as Phoxinus abanticus Turan, Bayçelebi, Özuluğ, Gaygusuz & Aksu 2023 -- (Çiçek et al. 2023:416 [ref. 40625], Bayçelebi et al. 2024:107 [ref. 40795], Çiçek et al. 2024:267 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus abanticus Turan, Bayçelebi, Özuluğ, Gaygusuz & Aksu 2023. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Lake Abant basin, Filyos River drainage (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

adagumicus, Phoxinus Artaev [O. A.], Turbanov [I. S.], Bolotovskiy [A. A.], Gandlin [A. A.] & Levin [B. A.] 2024:29, Figs. 3, 4 [Zoosystematics and Evolution v. 100 (no. 1); ref. 40926] Pryamaya Shchel River (Adagum River drainage) upstream Nizhnebakanskaya, Kuban River drainage, Krasnodar Krai, Russia, 44.8538°N, 37.8417°E. Holotype: IBIW FS_385. Paratypes: IBIW. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Phoxinus adagumicus Artaev, Turbanov, Bolotovskiy, Gandlin & Levin 2024. Current status: Valid as Phoxinus adagumicus Artaev, Turbanov, Bolotovskiy, Gandlin & Levin 2024. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Southeast Europe: Adagum River drainage, Kuban River basin, northwestern Caucasus, Russia. Habitat: freshwater.

altus, Phoxinus Warpachowski [N. A.] 1887:688 [Mélanges biologiques v. 12; ref. 13838] Tributaries to Yenisey [Yenisei] River, Siberia, Russia. Syntypes: ZIN 3235 (6+). Also as Bull. Akad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersburg, v. 30:535. •Synonym of Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Berg 1949:574 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Eupallasella perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 1997:58 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Phoxinus perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Bogutskaya 1998:68 [ref. 23589], Sideleva 2001:51 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:9 [ref. 27815]). •Synonym of Eupallasella percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 2006:31 [ref. 28831]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

aphya, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:323 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] River Agger north of Lohmar, 50°50'N, 7°12'E, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany. Neotype: NRM 55108. Spelled aphia by Bonnaterre 1788:196 [ref. 4940] and authors. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:25 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. Neotype validly designated by Kottelat 2007:155 [ref. 29201]; the neotype is the same as the neotype for Cyprinus phoxinus Linnaeus 1758 making them simultaneous objective synonyms. See also Kottelat 2007:155 [ref. 29201] for other nomenclatural issues. •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:588 [ref. 20661], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:20 [ref. 22798], Kottelat 1997:73 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1998:68 [ref. 23589], Fricke 1999:25 [ref. 24101], Sideleva 2001:51 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:9 [ref. 27815], Kottelat 2007:155 [ref. 29201], Denys et al. 2020:214 [ref. 37846]). Current status: Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Habitat: freshwater.

apollonicus, Phoxinus Bianco [P. G.] & De Bonis [S.] 2015:10, Figs. 13-15 [Researches on Wildlife Conservation v. 4; ref. 34040] Upper River Moraca tributary to Lake Skadar, Montenegro. Holotype: IZA 87103-1. Paratypes: IZA. First revisor action in an unavailable publication, not valid. •Synonym of Phoxinus karsticus Bianco & De Bonis 2015 -- (Palandačić et al. 2017:12 [ref. 35519]). Current status: Synonym of Phoxinus karsticus Bianco & De Bonis 2015. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Habitat: freshwater.

balchaschana, Phoxinus laevis var. Kessler [K. F.] 1879:283 [Bulletin de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg v. 25; ref. 2598] Ajagus [Ayaguz] River near Sergiopol [Ayaguz], Lake Balkhash basin, Kazakhstan. Syntypes: (90+) ZIN 4149-50 (6+, 6+). Also appeared in Kessler 1879:234 [ref. 14266]. •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:74 [ref. 22952]). •Questionably a synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 2006:88 [ref. 28831]). Current status: Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Habitat: freshwater.

belimiauensis, Phoxinus grumi Rendahl [H.] 1933:49 [Arkiv för Zoologi v. 25 A (pt. 2) (no. 11); ref. 3704] Beli Miau, Mongolia. Syntypes: NRM 10199 (3). Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Habitat: freshwater.

bergi, Pseudaspius Jordan [D. S.] & Metz [C. W.] 1913:22, Pl. 3 (fig. 2) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 2490] Namp'o [Chinnampo], Korea. Holotype: FMNH 55800 [ex CM 4563]. Paratypes: CAS-SU 22393 (3, not 1 as published), FMNH 55801 (2). Type catalog: Henn 1928:72 [ref. 12305], Böhlke 1953:36 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:70 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Lagowskiella lagowskii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Howes 1985:62 [ref. 5274]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) -- (Kim 1997:555 [ref. 24032], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:665 [ref. 34853] with question). •Synonym of Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski 1869 -- (Berg 1949:583 [ref. 20661], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:19 [ref. 22798], Bogutskaya 1998:67 [ref. 23589]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Dybowski 1869). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Dybowski 1869). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

bigerri, Phoxinus Kottelat [M.] 2007:146, Fig. 2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 18 (no. 2); ref. 29201] River Adour in Tarbes (Séméac), 43°13'39"N, 0°05'27"E, Dépt. Hautes-Pyrénées, France. Holotype: MNHN 2006-1703. Paratypes: CMK 17575 (6), 17589 (5); MNHN 2006-1704 (4). Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Phoxinus bigerri Kottelat 2007 -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:225 [ref. 29996], Palandačić et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35519], Denys et al. 2020:211 [ref. 37846], Palandačić et al. 2022:[4] [ref. 39189]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus bigerri Kottelat 2007. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Southwestern Europe: Adour, Leyre and Ebro basins, France and Spain; introduced in the Aude and Garonne River drainages, France, and to Galicia and Duero River basin in Spain. Habitat: freshwater.

brachyurus, Phoxinus Berg [L. S.] 1912:241, Fig. 16 [v. 3 (pt 1); ref. 5874] Chilik River, Ili basin, Kazakhstan. Holotype (?): ZIN 10277 (1). Paratypes: ZIN 10277a (6). •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Mitrofanov et al. 1987:141 [ref. 37731]). •Valid as Phoxinus brachyurus Berg 1912 -- (Berg 1949:586 [ref. 20661], Yang & Hwang 1964:24 [ref. 13497], Howes 1985:67 [ref. 5274], Zhu 1995:30 [ref. 25213], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:81 [ref. 23878], Strange & Mayden 2009:495 [ref. 30381], Zhang et al. 2016:54 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus brachyurus Berg 1912. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: North Asia: Kazakhstan. Habitat: freshwater.

carpathicus, Phoxinus phoxinus Popescu Gorj [A.] & Dimitriu [M.] 1950:94, Fig. 6 [Buletinul Institutului de Cercetari Piscicole. v. 9; ref. 23004] Lake Roşu, Romainia. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:74 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2007:156 [ref. 29201]). Current status: Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Habitat: freshwater.

chorensis, Phoxinus lagowskii Rendahl [H.] 1928:58 [Arkiv för Zoologi v. 20 A (pt 1) (no. 1); ref. 3702] Ussuri and Sungari systems, from eastern slope of Sichota-Alin range to Japanese seas. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski 1869 -- (Luo in Chen et al. 1998:85 [ref. 23878]). •Synonym of Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski 1869, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Yang & Hwang 1964:27 [ref. 13497], Cheng & Zhou 1997:110 [ref. 26385]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2008:332 [ref. 30085]). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Dybowski 1869). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

chrysoprasius, Cyprinus Pallas [P. S.] 1814:318 [Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica v. 3; ref. 3351] Upper reaches of the river Kuchuk-Karasu at Krasna Sloboda village, a tributary of Biyuk-Karasu, a tributary of Salhir, Crimea, 44°58ʹ26ʺN, 34°44ʹ19" [rocky banks of mountainous rivulets of the Crimea Peninsula]. Neotype: ZFMK 93640-59. Neotype designated by Bogutskaya et al. 2023:12 [ref. 40045]. •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:74 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2007:156 [ref. 29201]). •Valid as Phoxinus chrysoprasius (Pallas 1814) -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40045], Dyldin et al. 2023:[36] [ref. 40328] with question, Artaev et al. 2024:301 [ref. 40926]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus chrysoprasius (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Southeast Europe: Salhir River drainage (Crimea). Habitat: freshwater.

clevelandi, Phoxinus (Tigoma) Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:149 [12] [West American Scientist v. 6 (no. 49) (for Nov. 1889); ref. 12402] Aetna Springs, Napa County, California, U.S.A. [locality probably erroneous]. Syntypes: BMNH 1891.5.19.196 (1), CAS-SU 630 (1), USNM 41923 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:36 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1998:61 [ref. 23395]. On p. 12 of separate. •Synonym of Richardsonius egregius (Girard 1858) -- (La Rivers 1994:399 [ref. 23389], Gilbert 1998:61 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Richardsonius egregius (Girard 1858). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.

colchicus, Phoxinus phoxinus Berg [L. S.] 1910:169 [Zoologicheskago Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk v. 15; ref. 19593] Bachvis Tzchali [Bachwis-tzchali] River in Ozurgety District, Georgia, Eurasia. Holotype (unique): ZMT 141a. Based on Phoxinus laevis of Kamensky 1901:62-63 [ref. 14761]. See also Reshetnikov et al. 1997:740 [ref. 24702]. •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Berg 1949:591 [ref. 20661], Lelek 1987:217 [ref. 22962], Bogutskaya 1997:174-175 [ref. 23566], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:167 [ref. 31251]). •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:74 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1998:68 [ref. 23589], Sideleva 2001:51 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:9 [ref. 27815], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:170 [ref. 28369] as colhicus). •Valid as Phoxinus colchicus Berg 1910 -- (Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:93 [ref. 28183], Kottelat 2007:156 [ref. 29201], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:83 [ref. 29996], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:226 [ref. 29996], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:662 [ref. 34853] mention, Çiçek et al. 2016:117 [ref. 35152], Palandačić et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35519], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37535], Çiçek et al. 2023:416 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[36] [ref. 40328], Turan et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40351], Bayçelebi et al. 2024:106 [ref. 40795], Çiçek et al. 2024:267 [ref. 40789], Artaev et al. 2024:301 [ref. 40926]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus colchicus Berg 1910. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Eurasia: Caucasian Black Sea basin (Georgia, Russia and Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

costatus, Leuciscus Fowler [H. W.] 1899:180 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 51; ref. 17572] Tan lan Ho River, tributary of Shu lan Ho, about 30 miles northeast of Lama-miau or Dolon-nor, Pechili Province, China. Syntypes: ANSP 16383-85 (3), 16386 (1, c&s). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:73 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski 1869, subspecies oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) -- (Berg 1949:583 [ref. 20661], Bogutskaya 1998:67 [ref. 23589]). •Valid as Rhynchocypris costata (Fowler 1899) -- (Howes 1985:60 [ref. 5274] as costatus). •Synonym of Phoxinus oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) -- (Luo in Chen et al. 1998:86 [ref. 23878]). •See also Reshetnikov et al. 1997:740 [ref. 24702]. •Synonym of Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Ocock et al. 2006:44 [ref. 28933]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874 ) -- (Kottelat 2006:88 [ref. 28831]). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

crucifer, Phoxinus Gratzianov [V. I.] 1907:123, 128 [Trudy Otdela Ichtiologii Imperatorskago Russkago Obshchestva Akklimatizacii Zivotnych' i Rastenii. v. 4; ref. 1871] Vicinity of Troitskosavsk city, Selenga River basin, Lake Baikal basin, Russia. Syntypes: ZMMU P-1673 (3), P-1681 (2), P-2727 (2). Type catalog: Vasil'eva et al. 2001:22-23 [ref. 25714]. •Synonym of Eupallasella percnurus (Pallis 1814) -- (Kottelat 2006:31 [ref. 28831]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

csikii, Phoxinus Hankó [B.] 1922:1, Pl. 1 (figs. 1-3) [A Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Balkán-Kutatásainak tudományos eredményei. v. 1; ref. 16373] Rožaje [Rozaj], on the Ibar River, tributary to the Zapadna Morava river, a tributary of the Danube, Montenegro, 42°50′39″N, 20°10′00″E. Neotype: NMW 98673 [ex 51266:2]. Original types MNH (2), destroyed by fire in 1956. Neotype designated by Palandačić et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35648]. •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:74 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2007:156 [ref. 29201]). •Valid as Phoxinus csikii Hankó 1922 -- (Palandačić et al. 2017:14 [ref. 35519], Palandačić et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35648], Denys & Manne 2019:199 [ref. 36790], Bogutskaya et al. 2019:8 [ref. 37234], Denys et al. 2020:213 [ref. 37846], Palandačić et al. 2022:[4] [ref. 39189]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus csikii Hankó 1922. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Europe: Danube River system: from the Balkans to Germany, and the upper Rhine basin west to Lake Geneva; introduced in the lower Rhine, Germany, The Netherlands, France, and northern Italy. Habitat: freshwater.

cumberlandensis, Phoxinus Starnes [W. C.] & Starnes [L. B.] 1978:509, Figs. 1-4 [Copeia 1978 (no. 3); ref. 8875] Brownies Creek along Kentucky highway 987 at Cubage, Bell County, Kentucky, U.S.A. Holotype: TU 103312. Paratypes: ANSP 138365 (13); FMNH 83832 (16); TU 103313-15 (11, 6, 1), 1103316 (2, c&s), 103317 (3); UF 22211 (18); UMMZ 201152 (10); USNM 217810 (25); UT 44.1366 (5). Additional material: UL, UMMZ, W. C. Starnes coll. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:74 [ref. 13621], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:65 [ref. 12367], Bart & Taylor 1993:44 [ref. 20906], Gilbert 1998:68-69 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Phoxinus cumberlandensis Starnes & Starnes 1978 -- (Lee et al. 1980:335 [ref. 22416], Howes 1985:71 [ref. 5274], Page & Burr 1991:86 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:244 [ref. 22809], Gilbert 1998:68-69 [ref. 23395], Skelton 2001:123 [ref. 25125], Nelson et al. 2004:76 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:34 [ref. 28940]). •Valid as Chrosomus cumberlandensis (Starnes & Starnes 1978) -- (Strange & Mayden 2009:495 [ref. 30381], Page & Burr 2011:184 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:68 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Chrosomus cumberlandensis (Starnes & Starnes 1978). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: North America: Kentucky and Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

czekanowskii, Phoxinus Dybowski [B. N.] 1869:953 [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 19; ref. 1169] Onon and Ingoda rivers, Upper Amur River basin, Russia. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Spelled crebanowskii in Table. For remarks on systematics see Kottelat 2006:48 [ref. 28831]. •Valid, tentatively in genus Lagowskiella -- (Howes 1985:63 [ref. 5274]). •Valid as Phoxinus czekanowskii Dybowski 1869 -- (Berg 1949:579 [ref. 20661], Yang & Hwang 1964:25 [ref. 13497], Zhu 1995:30 [ref. 25213], Chereshnev 1996:600 [ref. 24659], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:739 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:67 [ref. 23589], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:87 [ref. 23878], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Chereshnev et al. 2001:44 [ref. 26736], Wang et al. 2001:84 [ref. 26566], Shedko & Shedko 2003:321 [ref. 27966], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:93 [ref. 28183]). •Valid as Rhynchocypris czekanowskii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Kottelat 2006:47 [ref. 28831], Ocock et al. 2006:44 [ref. 28933], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:234 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:332 [ref. 30085], Parin et al. 2014:88 [ref. 33547], Zhang et al. 2016:55 [ref. 34477], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:663 [ref. 34853], Romanov et al. 2017:822 [ref. 35687], Zuev et al. 2019:370 [ref. 36772], Dyldin et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38804], Dyldin & Orlov 2021:66 [ref. 38158], Dyldin et al. 2023:[26] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Rhynchocypris czekanowskii (Dybowski 1869). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Distribution: North Asia and East Asia: Russia, China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

czerskii, Phoxinus czekanowskii Berg [L. S.] 1912:225, Pl. 1 (figs. 6, 6a) [v. 3 (pt 1); ref. 5874] Odarka River, Lake Khanka basin, Russia. Syntypes: ZIN 15571 (6+14), 15572 (4), 15573 (6+), 15574 (6+), 15621 (6+). •Synonym of Phoxinus czekanowskii Dybowski 1869, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Berg 1949:580 [ref. 20661], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:18 [ref. 22798], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:740 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178]). •Synonym of Phoxinus czekanowskii Dybowski 1869 -- (Bogutskaya 1998:67 [ref. 23589]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris czekanowskii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Kottelat 2006:48 [ref. 28831], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:332 [ref. 30085], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:663 [ref. 34853] with question). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris czekanowskii (Dybowski 1869). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

dakotensis, Chrosomus Evermann [B. W.] & Cox [U. O.] 1896:395 [Report of the Commissioner, United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries Pt 20 (for 1894) (Appendix 5); ref. 12379] Crow Creek, about 10-15 miles northeast of Chamberlain, Buffalo County, South Dakota, U.S.A. Syntypes: (13) CAS-SU 2260 (1); USNM 45680 (orig. 2, now 0), 125202 (3). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:31 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1998:70 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Chrosomus eos Cope 1861 -- (Scott & Crossman 1998:395 [ref. 24570]). •Synonym of Phoxinus eos (Cope 1861) -- (Gilbert 1998:70 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Chrosomus eos Cope 1861. Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater.

dauricus, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:149 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Waters of Daourie [Transbaikalia], Russia. On Cyprinus rutilus of Pallas. •Synonym of Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Berg 1949:574 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Eupallasella percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 2006:31 [ref. 28831]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2008:333 [ref. 30085]). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

dauricus, Phoxinus perenurus var. Dybowski [B. N.] 1877:17 [Izvestiya Zapadno Sibirskogo Otdela Imperatorskago Russkago Geograpficheskago Obshchestva, Irkutsk v. 8 (nos. 1-2); ref. 1171] Onon River basin, Siberia, Russia. Syntypes: (many) whereabouts unknown. Same species as Leuciscus dauricus Valenciennes 1844? •Synonym of Eupallasella perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 1997:58 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas 1814). •Synonym of Eupallasella percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 2006:31 [ref. 28831]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

dementjevi, Phoxinus Turdakov [F. A.] & Piskarev [K. V.] 1954:73 [Trudy Institut zoologii i parazitologii, Kirgizskii filial Akademii nauk SSSR v. 2; ref. 12234] Chu River, Kyrgystan. Syntypes: (36). •Valid, tentatively in genus Lagowskiella -- (Howes 1985:63 [ref. 5274]). Current status: Valid as Rhynchocypris dementjevi (Turdakov & Piskarev 1954). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Distribution: Central Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

diplemia, Semotilus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1820:239 [Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine: a monthly publ., devoted to literature and science, Lexington, KY v. 2 (no. 4); ref. 7310] Kentucky River near Estill, Kentucky, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:71-72 [ref. 23395]. Also in Rafinesque 1820:50 [ref. 3592]. Spelled diplaemia by Cope 1868:162 [ref. 7316]. •Synonym of Lythrurus umbratilis (Girard 1856), subspecies cyanocephalus Copeland 1877, but more likely is Phoxinus erythrogaster (Rafinesque 1820) -- (Gilbert 1998:71 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Chrosomus erythrogaster (Rafinesque 1820). Current status: Synonym of Chrosomus erythrogaster (Rafinesque 1820). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater.

dragarum, Phoxinus Denys [G. P. J.], Dettaï [A.], Persat [H.], Daszkiewicz [P.], Hautecoeur [M.] & Keith [P.] 2020:220, Fig. 8 [Cybium v. 44 (no. 3); ref. 37846] Arrat-Devant Stream, Manent-Montané, France, 43°20.7'N, 00°37.5'E, elevation 275 meters. Holotype: MNHN 2019-0262. Paratypes: MNHN. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Phoxinus dragarum Denys, Dettaï, Persat, Daszkiewicz, Hautecoeur & Keith 2020 -- (Palandačić et al. 2022:[4] [ref. 39189]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus dragarum Denys, Dettaï, Persat, Daszkiewicz, Hautecoeur & Keith 2020. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Western Europe: Garonne River basin, France; introduced in the Ebro and Guadalquivir drainages (Spain) and the Rhone Basin (France). Habitat: freshwater.

dybowskii, Phoxinus Lorec [Z.] & Wolski [T.] 1910:115, Fig. [Sprawozdanie ze stanu i dzialalno sci Pracowni Antropologicznej Towarzystwa Naukowego Warszawskiego = Comptes-rendus du Laboratoire Anthropologique de la Socété des Sciences de Varsovie. Warszawa. v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 14590] Buchnik and Piaseczno, small lakes in Warsaw District, Poland. Syntypes: ?IZPAN. •Synonym of Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas 1814), but a valid subspecies -- (Berg 1949:579 [ref. 20661], Lelek 1987:220 [ref. 22962]). •Synonym of Eupallasella perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 1997:58 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

eos, Chrosomus Cope [E. D.] 1861:523 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 13; ref. 18026] Meshoppen Creek, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Lectotype: ANSP 22116. Paralectotypes: ANSP 22117-18 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:75 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:76 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype established by Fowler 1909:520 [ref. 14376]. •Valid as Phoxinus eos (Cope 1861) -- (Lee et al. 1980:336 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:199 [ref. 22186], Howes 1985:71 [ref. 5274], McAllister 1990:64 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:85 [ref. 18983], Chereshnev 1996:600 [ref. 24659], Gilbert 1998:76 [ref. 23395], Bogutskaya 1998:69 [ref. 23589], Fuller et al. 1999:129 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:31 [ref. 26594], Nelson et al. 2004:76 [ref. 27807] dating to 1862, Bailey et al. 2004:103 [ref. 27882], Scharpf 2005:34 [ref. 28940], McPhail 2007:101 [ref. 31199]). •Valid as Chrosomus eos Cope 1861 -- (Scott & Crossman 1998:386 [ref. 24570], Strange & Mayden 2009:495 [ref. 30381], Page & Burr 2011:183 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:68 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Chrosomus eos Cope 1861. Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: North America: U.S.A. and Canada. Habitat: freshwater.

erythrogaster, Luxilus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1820:237 [Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine: a monthly publ., devoted to literature and science, Lexington, KY v. 2 (no. 4); ref. 7310] Kentucky River, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:77 [ref. 23395]. Described as belonging to subgenus Chrosomus, but listed as above. Also in Rafinesque 1820:47 [ref. 3592]. •Valid as Phoxinus erythrogaster (Rafinesque 1820) -- (Lee et al. 1980:337 [ref. 22416], Robison & Buchanan 1988:245 [ref. 23393], Page & Burr 1991:84 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:58 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:245 [ref. 22809], Stauffer et al. 1995:148 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:103 [ref. 23394], Mettee et al. 1996:299 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:77 [ref. 23395], Bogutskaya 1998:69 [ref. 23589], Fuller et al. 1999:484 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:31 [ref. 26594], Skelton 2001:123 [ref. 25125], Ross et al. 2001:232 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:76 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:104 [ref. 27882], Miller & Robison 2004:174 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:264 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:34 [ref. 28940]). •Valid as Chrosomus erythrogaster (Rafinesque 1820) -- (Scott & Crossman 1998:393 [ref. 24570], Strange & Mayden 2009:495 [ref. 30381], Page & Burr 2011:182 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:68 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Chrosomus erythrogaster (Rafinesque 1820). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: North America: U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

fayollarum, Phoxinus Denys [G. P. J.], Dettaï [A.], Persat [H.], Daszkiewicz [P.], Hautecoeur [M.] & Keith [P.] 2020:223, Fig. 9 [Cybium v. 44 (no. 3); ref. 37846] Boron Stream, Pionsat, France, 46°06.4'N, 02°41.1'E, elevation 522 meters. Holotype: MNHN 2019-0263. Paratypes: MNHN. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Phoxinus fayollarum Denys, Dettaï, Persat, Daszkiewicz, Hautecoeur & Keith 2020 -- (Palandačić et al. 2022:[4] [ref. 39189]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus fayollarum Denys, Dettaï, Persat, Daszkiewicz, Hautecoeur & Keith 2020. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Western Europe: Loire River basin and Sèvre Niortaise catchment (France); introduced in Garonne and Rhône River basins. Habitat: freshwater.

flammeus, Phoxinus Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] in Jordan 1878:303 [Manual of the vertebrates of the northern United States (second edition); ref. 2376] Elk River, Estill Springs, Tennessee, U.S.A. No types known. •Valid as Hemitremia flammea (Jordan & Gilbert 1878) -- (Lee et al. 1980:173 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:86 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:48 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:168 [ref. 22809], Mettee et al. 1996:187 [ref. 25836], Simons & Mayden 1997:195 [ref. 24948], Gilbert 1998:80 [ref. 23395] as Hemitrema, Nelson et al. 2004:71 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:181 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:19 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:186 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:71 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:70 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Hemitremia flammea (Jordan & Gilbert 1878). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Distribution: Eastern North America:Tennessee, Georgia and Alabama (eastern U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

galian, Cyprinus Gmelin [J. F.] 1789:1421 [Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18139] "Circa Catharinopolin Sibiriae." •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 2006:45 [ref. 28831] as cf. phoxinus). Current status: Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Habitat: freshwater.

gdaniensis, Phoxinus percnurus Berg [L. S.] 1932:359 (768) [Les poissons des eaux douces de l'U.R.S.S. Part 1; ref. 278] Swampy Lake Jasien, near Gdansk, Poland. Neotype: CUP 32106. Also appeared without distinguishing features in Berg 1933:140 [ref. 21141]. Neotype designated by Kottelat 1997:59 [ref. 22952] after rejecting earlier neotype designation of same specimen. •Synonym of Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas 1814), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Berg 1949:578 [ref. 20661], Lelek 1987:220 [ref. 22962]). •Synonym of Eupallasella perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 1997:58 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

ghetaldii, Paraphoxinus Steindachner [F.] 1882:16, Pl. 5 (fig. 2) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 45 (1. Abth.); ref. 18784] Cave in the plain of Popovo, Herzegovina [Bosnia]. Syntypes: NMW 51158 (2), 51161-62 (2, 2), 51164-65 (2, 1), 51159 (2). Also appeared in Steindachner 1882:72 [14] [ref. 4233] as Phoxinus ghetaldii and perhaps earliest in the abstract to ref. 18784 which is Steindachner 1882:43 [ref. 20486] as Paraphoxinus ghetaldii. •Valid as Paraphoxinus ghetaldii Steindachner 1882 -- (Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079]). •Valid as Phoxinellus ghetaldii (Steindachner 1882) -- (Kottelat 1997:73 [ref. 22952], Zupancic & Bogutskaya 2002:415 [ref. 26818], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2003:374 [ref. 27407]). •Valid as Delminichthys ghetaldii (Steindachner 1882) -- (Freyhof et al. 2006:422 [ref. 28484], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:192 [ref. 29996], Zupančič 2008:30 [ref. 29926], Perea et al. 2010:16 [ref. 31802], Bogutskaya et al. 2012:54 [ref. 32007], Ćaleta et al. 2015:61 [ref. 34877], Mustafić et al. 2017:261 [ref. 35274], Ćaleta et al. 2019:160 [ref. 37026]). Current status: Valid as Delminichthys ghetaldii (Steindachner 1882). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Habitat: freshwater.

grumi, Phoxinus Berg [L. S.] (ex Herzenstein) 1907:211 [16] [Ezhegodnik, Zoologicheskago Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk v. 11 (for 1906); ref. 15129] Turfan Lake, Xinjiang Province, China. Syntypes: ZIN 10537-38 (1, 5). Apparently appeared first as name only as Herzenstein in Grum-Grzhimailo 1899:414 of v. 2. •Valid, tentatively in genus Lagowskiella -- (Howes 1985:63 [ref. 5274]). •Valid as Phoxinus grumi Berg 1907 -- (Zhu 1995:30 [ref. 25213], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:82 [ref. 23878], Zhang et al. 2016:54 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus grumi Berg 1907. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: East Asia: Turfan Lake, Xinjiang Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

hispanicus, Phoxinus Steindachner [F.] 1866:79 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe v. 3; ref. 21716] Guadiana River near Merida, Spain. Syntypes: (several) NMW 51168 (4). Species first described in the above abstract, later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1866:268 [p. 8 of separate], Pl. 1 (fig. 1) [ref. 18776]. Also in Steindachner 1866:5 [ref. 18757]. •Valid as Anaecypris hispanica (Steindachner 1866) -- (Bogutskaya & Collares-Pereira 1997:243 [ref. 22763], Kottelat 1997:46 [ref. 22952], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:177 [ref. 29996], Collares-Pereira & Coelho 2010:710 [ref. 31439], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802]). Current status: Valid as Anaecypris hispanica (Steindachner 1866). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Spain and Portugal. Habitat: freshwater.

ignatowi, Phoxinus czekanowskii Berg [L. S.] 1907:209 [14] [Ezhegodnik, Zoologicheskago Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk v. 11 (for 1906); ref. 15129] Seletytengiz Lake, Kazakhstan. Syntypes: ZIN 11677 (2). Lectotype established by use of "type" by Berg 1949:581, Fig. 339 [ref. 20661] if specimen is identifiable. •Synonym of Phoxinus czekanowskii Dybowski 1869, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Berg 1949:581 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas 1814), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Mitrofanov et al. 1987:130 [ref. 37731]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris czekanowskii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Kottelat 2006:48 [ref. 28831], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:663 [ref. 34853] with question). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris czekanowskii (Dybowski 1869). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

isetensis, Cyprinus Georgi [J. G.] 1775:621 [Bemerkungen einer Reise im russischen Reich in 1772; ref. 18104] Cartharinopolis, Siberia, Russia. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Based on literature sources. •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:74 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2006:45 [ref. 28831] as cf. phoxinus). •Valid as Phoxinus isetensis Georgi 1775 -- (Dyldin et al. 2023:[36] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus isetensis (Georgi 1775). Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: North Asia: Arctic Ocean basin, from Murman coast to East Siberian Sea basin (Kolyma drainage); rivers of northern and western Sea of Okhotsk drainage (Ola and Uda rivers), rivers of Peter the Great Bay drainage, probably Amur River basin and northwestern Sakhalin Island (Russia). Habitat: freshwater.

issykkulensis, Phoxinus Berg [L. S.] 1912:243, Fig. 17 [v. 3 (pt 1); ref. 5874] Lake Issyk-Kul, Kyrgyzstan. Syntypes: ZIN 9696 (5, not found), 13511 (5), 14536 (6), 15704 (3). •Valid as Phoxinus issykkulensis Berg 1912 -- (Berg 1949:587 [ref. 20661], Howes 1985:67 [ref. 5274] as issykylensis, Strange & Mayden 2009:495 [ref. 30381]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus issykkulensis Berg 1912. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Central Asia: Kyrgyzstan. Habitat: freshwater.

jelskii, Phoxinus Dybowski [B. N.] 1869:952 [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 19; ref. 1169] Onon River basin, Amur River basin, Russia. Syntypes: IZPAN. •Synonym of Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Berg 1949:574 [ref. 20661], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:80 [ref. 23878], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:94 [ref. 28183]). •Synonym of Eupallasella perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 1997:58 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Phoxinus perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Bogutskaya 1998:68 [ref. 23589], Sideleva 2001:51 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:9 [ref. 27815]). •Synonym of Eupallasella percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 2006:31 [ref. 28831]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2008:333 [ref. 30085]). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

jouyi, Leuciscus Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1901:741, Pl. 31 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 23 (no. 1235); ref. 2504] Sasuna, Tsushima Province, Japan. Holotype: USNM 45228. Paratypes: CAS-SU 6376 (7), USNM 75164 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:33 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Moroco jouyi (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) -- (Okada 1961:492 [ref. 6363], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:57 [ref. 6441]). •Synonym of Phoxinus oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874), but a valid subspecies -- (Watanabe 1998:262 [ref. 23491], Sato et al. 1998:31 [ref. 24972], Mizuno et al. 1999:6 [ref. 25311], Nakabo 2000:264 [ref. 25086], Matsuura et al. 2000:102 [ref. 26000], Nakabo 2002:264 [ref. 26001]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) but as a valid subspecies jouyi -- (Dyldin & Orlov 2016:665 [ref. 34853], Hata et al. 2019:15 [ref. 36849], Saiki et al. 2023:69 [ref. 40766]). •Valid as Rhynchocypris jouyi (Jordan & Snyder 1901). Current status: Valid as Rhynchocypris jouyi (Jordan & Snyder 1901). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Distribution: East Asia: Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

karsticus, Phoxinus Bianco [P. G.] & De Bonis [S.] 2015:8, Figs. 11-12 [Researches on Wildlife Conservation v. 4; ref. 34040] Endorheic River Trebinje, near Jasenica Village, Bosnia-Herzegovina. Holotype: IZA 00314-1. Paratypes: IZA. •Valid as Phoxinus karsticus Bianco & De Bonis 2015 -- (Palandačić et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35519], Shumka et al. 2023:39 [ref. 40747]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus karsticus Bianco & De Bonis 2015. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Skadar Lake drainage (Bosnia-Herzegovina and Albania). Habitat: freshwater.

ketmaieri, Phoxinus Bianco [P. G.] & De Bonis [S.] 2015:6, Figs. 8-10 [Researches on Wildlife Conservation v. 4; ref. 34040] Krk Island, Baska brook at Baska draga, Croatia. Holotype: IZA 8823-1. Paratypes: IZA. •Synonym of Phoxinus lumaireul (Schinz 1840) -- (Palandačić et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35519]). Current status: Synonym of Phoxinus lumaireul (Schinz 1840). Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Habitat: freshwater.

keumkang, Moroco Chyung [M.-K.] (ex Uchida) 1977:184, Pls. 97 (figs. 1-6), 98 (figs. 1-4) [Fishes of Korea, with pictorial key and systematic list; ref. 26571] Korea. No types known. Authorship and earlier appearance of name are still being researched; appeared only as Moroco sp. in Uchida 1939:314 [ref. 22758], Chyung 1954:110 [ref. 26572], and Chyung 1961:200 [ref. 26588], then as Moroco keumkang Uchida in Chyung 1977:184 [ref. 26571] with description and figures (mostly taken from Uchida 1939). See also the account for Phoxinus kumgangensis Kim 1980. •Valid as Phoxinus keumkang (Chyung 1977) -- (Luo in Chen et al. 1998:84 [ref. 23878] as kumkang, Zhang et al. 2016:54 [ref. 34477] as kumkang). •Valid as Rhynchocypris keumkang (Chyung 1977). Current status: Valid as Rhynchocypris keumkang (Chyung 1977). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Distribution: Han River drainage, Korea and ? China. Habitat: freshwater.

krkae, Phoxinus Bogutskaya [N. G.], Jelić [D.], Vucić [M.], Jelić [M,], Diripasko [O. A.], Stefanov [T.] & Klobučar [G.] 2019:4, Figs. 3-4 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 96 (no. 2); ref. 37234] Radljevac stream at Radljevac, Plavno, Krka drainage, Croatia, 44°06'22.6"N, 16°10'47.6"E, elevation about 200 meters. Holotype: MNW 99380 [ex HDBI 824]. Paratypes: HDBI, NMW. •Valid as Phoxinus krkae Bogutskaya, Jelić, Vucić, Jelić, Diripasko, Stefanov & Klobučar 2019. Current status: Valid as Phoxinus krkae Bogutskaya, Jelić, Vucić, Jelić, Diripasko, Stefanov & Klobučar 2019. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: upper Krka River drainage, Knin Valley, Croatia. Habitat: freshwater.

kuldschiensis, Phoxinus Warpachowski [N. A.] 1887:690 [Mélanges biologiques v. 12; ref. 13838] Lake Balkhash, Kazakhstan. Syntypes: ZIN 7785 (1). •Synonym of Phoxinus poljakowii Kessler 1879 -- (Berg 1905:141 [ref. 15338]). Current status: Synonym of Phoxinus poljakowii Kessler 1879. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

kumgangensis, Phoxinus Kim [L. T.] 1980:27 [Engl. p. 29], Fig. 1 [Science Report (North Korea); ref. 24136] Upper stream of the River Taedong-gang, Daeheung-town, Daeheung-County, Korea. Holotype: CMIZASDPRK 61-1033. Paratypes: CMIZASDPRK 61-1034 (1), 61-1035 (1). Spelled kuemganensis, kumganensis, and keumgang in literature. Apparently a separate description of and synonym of Moroco keumkang Chyung 1977:184 [ref. 26571], which is an available name. •Valid as Phoxinus kumgangensis Kim 1980 -- (Choi et al. 2003:157, 515 [ref. 26218]). •Valid as Rhynchocypris kumgangensis (Kim 1980) -- (Kim 1997:263 [ref. 24032], Kim & Park 2002:172 [ref. 25913], Jang et al. 2003:119 [ref. 27681], Byeon 2016:746 [ref. 39871], Lee & Sim 2017:6 [ref. 35390]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris keumkang (Chyung 1977). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris keumkang (Chyung 1977). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

laevis, Phoxinus Fitzinger [L. J. F. J.] (ex Agassiz) 1832:337 [Beiträge zur Landeskunde Österreichs unter der Enns, Wien v. 1; ref. 5019] Unneeded new name for Cyprinus phoxinus Linnaeus 1758. •Objective synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:74 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1998:68 [ref. 23589], Sideleva 2001:51 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:9 [ref. 27815], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:170 [ref. 28369], Parin et al. 2014:86 [ref. 33547], Denys et al. 2020:214 [ref. 37846]). Current status: Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Habitat: freshwater.

lagowskii, Phoxinus Dybowski [B. N.] 1869:952, Pl. 15 (fig. 4) [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 19; ref. 1169] Onon and Ingoda rivers, Amur River basin, Russia. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. For remarks on systematics see Kottelat 2006:48 [ref. 28831]. •Synonym of Rhynchocypris steindachneri (Sauvage 1883) -- (Kim 1997:555 [ref. 24032]). •Synonym of Phoxinus steindachneri Sauvage 1883 -- (Choi et al. 2003:516 [ref. 26218]). •Valid as Lagowskiella lagowskii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Howes 1985:62 [ref. 5274]). •Valid as Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski 1869 -- (Berg 1949:582 [ref. 20661], Yang & Hwang 1964:26 [ref. 13497], Ding 1994:142 [ref. 21531], Zhu 1995:30 [ref. 25213], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:18 [ref. 22798], Chereshnev 1996:600 [ref. 24659], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:740 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:67 [ref. 23589], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:85 [ref. 23878], Pietsch et al. 2001:139 [ref. 25688], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Wang et al. 2001:83 [ref. 26566], Shedko & Shedko 2003:322 [ref. 27966], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:94 [ref. 28183]). •Valid as Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Kottelat 2006:48 [ref. 28831], Ocock et al. 2006:44 [ref. 28933], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:332 [ref. 30085], Parin et al. 2014:89 [ref. 33547], Zhang et al. 2016:55 [ref. 34477], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:664 [ref. 34853], Dyldin et al. 2021:25 [ref. 38804], Dyldin & Orlov 2021:67 [ref. 38158], Dyldin et al. 2023:[26] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Dybowski 1869). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Distribution: East Asia: Mongolia, Russia, China and Japan (but see Parin et al. 2014:89 [ref. 33547]). Habitat: freshwater.

likai, Phoxinus Bianco [P. G.] & De Bonis [S.] 2015:12, Figs. 16-17 [Researches on Wildlife Conservation v. 4; ref. 34040] River Oruča [Otuča] system, near the village of Gračac, Croatia. Holotype: IZA 02263-1. Paratypes: IZA. •Synonym of Phoxinus lumaireul (Schinz 1840) -- (Palandačić et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35519]). Current status: Synonym of Phoxinus lumaireul (Schinz 1840). Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Habitat: freshwater.

lumaireul, Cyprinus Schinz [H. R.] 1840:331 [Europaïsche Fauna; ref. 18695] Po River, Italy. No types known. Appeared first as name only, not available, from Pô, Italy as Bonelli in Agassiz 1835:37 [ref. 22]. Also appeared in Nordmann 1840:482 [ref. 3209] as name in synonymy. •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:74 [ref. 22952], Bianco & Delmastro 2011:5 [ref. 31648], Bianco 2013:9 [ref. 32897], Bianco & De Bonis 2015:3 [ref. 34044]). •Valid as Phoxinus lumaireul (Schinz 1840) -- (Kottelat 2007:156 [ref. 29201], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:227 [ref. 29996], Palandačić et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35519], Ćaleta et al. 2019:162 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108], Bogutskaya et al. 2019:10 [ref. 37234], Palandačić et al. 2022:[4] [ref. 39189]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus lumaireul (Schinz 1840). Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: North Adriatic Sea basin and middle Danube drainage, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Habitat: freshwater.

mantschuricus, Phoxinus percnurus Berg [L. S.] 1907:204 [9] [Ezhegodnik, Zoologicheskago Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk v. 11 (for 1906); ref. 15129] Tributary of Sungari [Songhua] River, Amur River basin, China. Syntypes: ZIN 13890 (2). •Synonym of Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas 1814), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Berg 1949:576 [ref. 20661], Yang & Hwang 1964:24 [ref. 13497], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:19 [ref. 22798]). •Synonym of Eupallasella perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 1997:58 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Phoxinus perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Bogutskaya 1998:68 [ref. 23589], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:80 [ref. 23878] as percnurus, Sideleva 2001:51 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:9 [ref. 27815], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:95 [ref. 28183] as percnurus, Parin et al. 2014:89 [ref. 33547]). •Synonym of Eupallasella percnurus (Pallis 1814) -- (Kottelat 2006:31 [ref. 28831]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2008:333 [ref. 30085]). •Valid as Rhynchocypris mantschurica (Berg 1907) -- (Dyldin & Orlov 2016:664 [ref. 34853] as mantschuricus, Dyldin et al. 2021:25 [ref. 38804] as mantschuricus, Dyldin & Orlov 2021:67 [ref. 38158] as mantschuricus, Dyldin et al. 2023:[26] [ref. 40328] as mantscuricus with question). Current status: Valid as Rhynchocypris mantschurica (Berg 1907). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Distribution: East Asia: China and Russia. Habitat: freshwater.

marsilii, Phoxinus Heckel [J. J.] 1836:232 [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 1 (no. 10); ref. 18254] Clear brooks of the environs of Vienna and beyond, Austria. Lectotype: NMW 51225:2. Paralectotypes: NMW-51225 (5). Lectotype selected by Palandačić et al. 2017:2 [ref. 35648]. •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:74 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2007:156 [ref. 29201]). •Valid as Phoxinus marsilii Heckel 1836 -- (Palandačić et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35519], Palandačić et al. 2017:2 [ref. 35648], Ćaleta et al. 2019:163 [ref. 37026], Bogutskaya et al. 2019:15 [ref. 37234], Palandačić et al. 2022:[4] [ref. 39189]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus marsilii Heckel 1836. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Europe: middle and lower Danube drainage, Austria, Hungary and Croatia. Habitat: freshwater.

mikrosquamatus, Phoxinus laevis Kaschenko [N.] 1899:145 [Results of the Altai Zoological Expedition; ref. 19630] Lake Karalachinskoye in Argut River basin, Altai, Siberia, Russia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:591 [ref. 20661], Kottelat 1997:74 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1998:68 [ref. 23589], Sideleva 2001:51 [ref. 26181], Bogutskaya 1997:175 [ref. 23566], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:96 [ref. 28183]). •Synonym of Phoxinus ujmonensis Kaschenko 1899 -- (Kottelat 2006:46 [ref. 28831]). Current status: Synonym of Phoxinus ujmonensis Kaschenko 1899. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Habitat: freshwater.

milnerianus, Phoxinus Cope [E. D.] 1879:440 [American Naturalist v. 13 (no. 7); ref. 18035] Battle Creek, short distance above mouth of Marais River, Missouri River basin, Chouteau County, Montana, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:114-115 [ref. 23395]. •Hybrid between Phoxinus eos x Phoxinus neogaeus -- (Gilbert 1998:115 [ref. 23395]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater.

modestus, Pseudaspius Jordan [D. S.] & Metz [C. W.] 1913:23, Pl. 3 (fig. 3) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 2490] Namp'o [Chinnampo], North Korea. Holotype: FMNH 55799 [ex CM 4561]. Paratypes: FMNH 55798 (4), CAS-SU 22394 (6). Type catalog: Henn 1928:72 [ref. 12305], Böhlke 1953:36 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:70 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski 1869 -- (Berg 1949:583 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) -- (Howes 1985:71 [ref. 5274], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:665 [ref. 34853] with question). •Synonym of Phoxinus oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) -- (authors). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

montanus, Phoxinus laevis var. Blanchard [R.] 1896:155 [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 21 (no. 8); ref. 14599] Near Briançon, Alps, elevation 1800 meters and 2250 meters. Syntypes: (1 lot) Near Briançon, elev. 1800 m, (many) Lake Sarailley, near Brainçon, elev. 2250 m. Additional material: Lake Grande Saint-Bernard, Switzerland, 2472 m. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Phoxinus montanus Ogérien 1863. 1°Homonym. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

montanus, Phoxynus Ogérien [L. F.] 1863:362 [Histoire naturelle du Jura et des départements voisins; ref. 23003] Ain River near Champagnole; Queue de Cheval waterfall, near Saint-Claude, France. No types known. Original genus should have been spelled Phoxinus. •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:74 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Phoxinus septimaniae Kottelat 2007 -- (Denys et al. 2020:220 [ref. 37846] as nomen oblitum). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Phoxinus septimaniae Kottelat 2007. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Habitat: freshwater.

morella, Cyprinus Leske [N. G.] 1774:47 [Ichthyologiae Lipsiensis specimen.; ref. 17505] Bode Creek near Rübeland, 103 kilometers northwest of Leipzig, Germany. Neotype: ZMB 32661. Neotype designated by Kottelat 1997:74 [ref. 22952]. •Possibly valid as Phoxinus morella (Leske 1774) -- (Palandačić et al. 2017:14 [ref. 35519], Palandačić et al. 2022:[4] [ref. 39189] as cf. morella). •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:73 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Central Europe: Elbe River drainage, Czech Republic and Germany (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

neogaeus, Phoxinus Cope [E. D.] 1867:375 [Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (New Series) v. 13 (pt 3) (art. 13); ref. 910] Streams flowing into Lake Erie, New Hudson, Livingston County, Michigan, U.S.A. Lectotype: ANSP 4548. Paralectotypes: ANSP 4549-50 (2), 5408-21 (14), 22320 (1); ?UMMZ 220851-52 (8, 1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:84 [ref. 13621] but holotype in error, additional examples not located [total of 38 in 1918], Gilbert 1998:118-119 [ref. 23395]. Sometimes cited as Cope in Günther 1868:247 [ref. 1990] but that appeared later. Lectotype established by Fowler 1918:17 [ref. 11665]. •Valid as Phoxinus neogaeus Cope 1867 -- (Lee et al. 1980:338 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:200 [ref. 22186], Howes 1985:71 [ref. 5274], McAllister 1990:64 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:84 [ref. 18983], Baxter & Stone 1995:100 [ref. 23374], Chereshnev 1996:600 [ref. 24659], Gilbert 1998:119 [ref. 23395], Bogutskaya 1998:69 [ref. 23589], Lyons et al. 2000:31 [ref. 26594], Skelton 2001:124 [ref. 25125], Nelson et al. 2004:76 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:105 [ref. 27882], Scharpf 2005:34 [ref. 28940], McPhail 2007:106 [ref. 31199], Page & Burr 2011:182 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708]). •Valid as Chrosomus neogaeus (Cope 1867) -- (Scott & Crossman 1998:396 [ref. 24570], Strange & Mayden 2009:495 [ref. 30381], Page et al. 2023:68 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Chrosomus neogaeus (Cope 1867). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: North America: U.S.A. and Canada. Habitat: freshwater.

occidentalis, Phoxinus percnurus Kaj [J.] 1954:66, Fig. 2 [Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii [Polish Archives of Hydrobiology.] v. 1 [overall v. 14]; ref. 12278] Near Bydgoszcz and near Poznan, Oder River basin, Poland. No types known. •Synonym of Eupallasella perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 1997:59 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

orcuttii, Phoxinus (Tigoma) Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1890:2 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 3; ref. 1256] Temecula River and tributaries, Riverside, Riverside County, California, U.S.A. Syntypes: (over 100) BMNH 1890.11.15.340-342 (3); CAS 58621 [IU 4844] (4); FMNH 54985 (10); MCZ 27390 (4); CAS-SU 858 (15); UMMZ 87065 [ex MCZ 27390]; USNM 41886 (21), 41925 (17); CAS 1011 (old registry) destroyed in earthquake of 1906. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:36 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:65 [ref. 12367], Gilbert 1998:126 [ref. 23395]. Jordan & Evermann 1896:242 [ref. 2443] list USNM 41925 as type, but that lot contained many specimens. •Valid as Gila orcuttii (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1890) -- (Lee et al. 1980:169 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:75 [ref. 18983], Swift et al. 1993:115 [ref. 22379] as orcutti, Gilbert 1998:126 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:76 [ref. 25838], Moyle 2002:130 [ref. 26449] as orcutti, Nelson et al. 2004:71 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:19 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:171 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:71 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:70 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Gila orcuttii (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1890). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: Western North America: California (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

oreas, Chrosomus Cope [E. D.] 1868:233, Pl. [23] 27 (fig. 7) [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Second series. v. 6 (pt 3) (art. 5); ref. 909] Headwaters of Roanoke River, Montgomery County, Virginia, U.S.A. Lectotype: ANSP 4551. Paralectotypes: ANSP 4552-65 (14). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:85 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:126 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype selected by Jenkins in Böhlke 1984:85 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Phoxinus oreas (Cope 1868) -- (Lee et al. 1980:339 [ref. 22416], Howes 1985:71 [ref. 5274], Page & Burr 1991:85 [ref. 18983], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:286 [ref. 21581], Stauffer et al. 1995:150 [ref. 23376], Gilbert 1998:126 [ref. 23395], Bogutskaya 1998:69 [ref. 23589], Fuller et al. 1999:130 [ref. 25838], Skelton 2001:123 [ref. 25125], Nelson et al. 2004:76 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:34 [ref. 28940]). •Valid as Chrosomus oreas Cope 1868 -- (Strange & Mayden 2009:495 [ref. 30381], Page & Burr 2011:185 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:68 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Chrosomus oreas Cope 1868. Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: North America: eastern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

oxycephalus, Pseudophoxinus Sauvage [H.-E.] & Dabry de Thiersant [P.] 1874:11 [Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris (Zoologie et Paléontologie) (Sér. 6) v. 1 (art. 5); ref. 15665] Beijing [Pékin], Si-wan, and south Shen-si, China. No types known. •Synonym of Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski 1869, but a valid subspecies -- (Berg 1949:583 [ref. 20661], Sheiko 1983:18 [ref. 37041], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:18 [ref. 22798], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:740 [ref. 24702], see also Bogutskaya 1998:67 [ref. 23589]). •Valid as Phoxinus oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) -- (Wang 1984:38 [ref. 22951], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:274 [ref. 25598], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:86 [ref. 23878], Tang et al. 2001:12 [ref. 25373], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Choi et al. 2003:157, 516 [ref. 26218], Shedko & Shedko 2003:321 [ref. 27966], Alekseyev et al. 2004:54 [ref. 27625], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:94 [ref. 28183], Kottelat 2006:88 [ref. 28831]). •Valid as Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) -- (Howes 1985:60 [ref. 5274], Kim 1997:258 [ref. 24032], Kim & Park 2002:166 [ref. 25913], Jang et al. 2003:119 [ref. 27681], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:333 [ref. 30085] as oxycephala, Zhang et al. 2016:55 [ref. 34477] with second authorship as Dabry, Dyldin & Orlov 2016:665 [ref. 34853], Lee & Sim 2017:5 [ref. 35390], Dyldin et al. 2021:25 [ref. 38804], Dyldin & Orlov 2021:67 [ref. 38158], Guo 2021:99 [ref. 38617], Dyldin et al. 2023:[27] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Distribution: East Asia: China, Korea and Russia. Habitat: freshwater.

oxyrhynchus, Moroco Mori [T.] 1930:45 [7], Pl. 3 (fig. 2) [Journal of the Chosen Natural History Society No. 11; ref. 16505] Mo-san, Korea. Holotype: not researched. Additional specimens: (3). On p. 7 of separate. •Synonym of Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski 1869 -- (Berg 1949:584 [ref. 20661]). •Valid as Phoxinus oxyrhynchus (Mori 1930) -- (Shedko & Shedko 2003:322 [ref. 27966], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:94 [ref. 28183]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus oxyrhynchus (Mori 1930). Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

percnurus, Cyprinus Pallas [P. S.] 1814:299 [Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica v. 3; ref. 3351] Lakes along the Lena River, Russia. No types known. The correct spelling is uncertain as percnurus or perenurus. In the copy at CAS, on text p. 299 the "c" is somewhat smudged and looks a little like an "e", but the letter is wider and of slightly different shape than the preceding "e"; but the spelling perenurus is used in the table of contents (p. XV). In the second edition of this work, a "c" was used; the original Pl. 66 (fig. 2) is not available to us. Technically, the species was spelled two ways in the original work and a technical reviser is required. If that person is Kottelat 1997:57 [ref. 22952], then the spelling perenurus should be used. In a footnote on p. 101 in Dybowski 1916 [ref. 6519] both spellings are mentioned ["perenurus" from Pallas and "percnurus" from Berg]; Dybowski used "perenurus". Spelled pernurus [as Per-Nurus] by Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:299 [ref. 1010]. Bogutskaya et al. 2005:93 [ref. 28216] opined that the correct original spelling is percnurus, with the use of an "e" as a typesetting error; they claim they are the first revisers (p. 95). Name derived from percnos (eagle) and urus (tail). •Valid as Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Berg 1949:574 [ref. 20661], Lelek 1987:220 [ref. 22962], Zhu 1995:30 [ref. 25213], Chereshnev 1996:600 [ref. 24659], Nikiforov et al. 1997:330 [ref. 24694], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:80 [ref. 23878], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:95 [ref. 28183], Bogutskaya et al. 2005:93 [ref. 28216]). •Valid as Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas 1814), as a valid subspecies -- (Okada 1961:495 [ref. 6363], Mitrofanov et al. 1987:129 [ref. 37731]). •Valid as Eupallasella percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Howes 1985:62 [ref. 5274], Kottelat 1997:57 [ref. 22952] as perenurus, Kottelat 2006:30 [ref. 28831], Ocock et al. 2006:34 [ref. 28933]). •Valid as Phoxinus perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Reshetnikov et al. 1997:740 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:68 [ref. 23589], Sheiko & Fedorov 2000:17 [ref. 25650], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Chereshnev et al. 2001:44 [ref. 26736], Sideleva 2001:51 [ref. 26181], Choi et al. 2003:158, 516 [ref. 26218], Fedorov et al. 2003:25 [ref. 27579], Sideleva 2003:9 [ref. 27815]). •Valid as Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kim 1997:262 [ref. 24032], Kim & Park 2002:170 [ref. 25913], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:234 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:333 [ref. 30085], Parin et al. 2014:89 [ref. 33547], Zhang et al. 2016:55 [ref. 34477], Lee & Sim 2017:5 [ref. 35390], Romanov et al. 2017:822 [ref. 35687], Pozdeev et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39511], Dyldin et al. 2023:[27] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Distribution: Europe and Asia: Russia, China and Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

phoxinus, Chondrostoma Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1031 [41] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Creeks around Livno, Bosnia. Syntypes: MHNN 1045 (1), ?SMF 3422 (1), NMW 52481 (10). Type catalog: Kottelat 1984:148 [ref. 21784]. On p. 41 of separate [ref. 2067]. •Valid as Chondrostoma phoxinus Heckel 1843 -- (Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079], Elvira 1987:123 [ref. 6743], Elvira 1991:149 [ref. 20036], Kottelat 1997:55 [ref. 22952], Robalo et al. 2007:370 [ref. 28878], Zupančič 2008:28 [ref. 29926], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:187 [ref. 29996], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Gante et al. 2010:968 [ref. 35176], Ćaleta et al. 2015:53 [ref. 34877], Ćaleta et al. 2019:159 [ref. 37026]). Current status: Valid as Chondrostoma phoxinus Heckel 1843. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Habitat: freshwater.

phoxinus, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:322 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] River Agger north of Lohmar, 50°50'N, 7°12'E, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany. Neotype: NRM 55108. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:25 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. Neotype validly established by Kottelat 2007:153 [ref. 29201]. For remarks on systematics see Kottelat 2006:45-46 [ref. 28831]. •Valid as Cyprinus phoxinus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Herrera 1896:21 [ref. 39336]). •Valid as Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758), as a valid subspecies -- (Mitrofanov et al. 1987:132 [ref. 37731]). •Valid as Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:588 [ref. 20661], Yang & Hwang 1964:23 [ref. 13497], Howes 1985:67 [ref. 5274], Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079], Lelek 1987:217 [ref. 22962], Zhu 1995:30 [ref. 25213], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:19 [ref. 22798], Chereshnev 1996:600 [ref. 24659], Bianco et al. 1996:52 [ref. 26724], Kottelat 1997:73 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:174 [ref. 23566], Kim 1997:256 [ref. 24032], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:740 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:68 [ref. 23589], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:75 [ref. 23878], Briolay et al. 1998:101 [ref. 25586], Fricke 1999:25 [ref. 24101], Novikov et al. 2000:161 [ref. 40929], Sheiko & Fedorov 2000:17 [ref. 25650], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Chereshnev et al. 2001:46 [ref. 26736], Pietsch et al. 2001:139 [ref. 25688], Sideleva 2001:51 [ref. 26181], Kim & Park 2002:164 [ref. 25913], Choi et al. 2003:158, 517 [ref. 26218], Fedorov et al. 2003:25 [ref. 27579], Sideleva 2003:9 [ref. 27815], Hanel 2003:49 [ref. 27894], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:96 [ref. 28183], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:170 [ref. 28369], Hanel & Lusk 2005:200 [ref. 28804], Kottelat 2006:88 [ref. 28831], Ocock et al. 2006:42 [ref. 28933], Kottelat 2007:145 [ref. 29201], Fricke 2007:28 [ref. 30577], Fricke et al. 2007:44 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:228 [ref. 29996], Bianco & Delmastro 2011:5 [ref. 31648], Strange & Mayden 2009:495 [ref. 30381], Bianco 2013:9 [ref. 32897], Parin et al. 2014:85 [ref. 33547], Bianco & De Bonis 2015:3 [ref. 34040], Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151], Zhang et al. 2016:54 [ref. 34477], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:662 [ref. 34853], Palandačić et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35519], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108], Denys et al. 2020:214 [ref. 37846], Dyldin et al. 2021:26 [ref. 38804] with question, Dyldin & Orlov 2021:67 [ref. 38158] with question, Palandačić et al. 2022:[4] [ref. 39189], Nagy et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40348]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Western Europe: Rhine, Meuse and Seine River drainages, coastal catchments of Normandy and English Channel and Thames River drainage. Introduced in Italy, Corsica and Ireland. Habitat: freshwater.

poljakowii, Phoxinus Kessler [K. F.] 1879:283 [Bulletin de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg v. 25; ref. 2598] Ajagus [Ayaguz] near Sergiopol, Lake Balkhash, Kazakhstan. Syntypes: (ca. 20) ZIN 4151 (15). Also appeared as Phoxinus poljakowii in Kessler 1879:235 [ref. 14266]. •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Mitrofanov et al. 1987:138 [ref. 37731]). •Valid as Phoxinus poljakowii Kessler 1879 -- (Berg 1949:585 [ref. 20661]). •Valid, tentatively in genus Lagowskiella -- (Howes 1985:63 [ref. 5274]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus poljakowii Kessler 1879. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Central Asia: Kazakhstan. Habitat: freshwater.

posnaniensis, Phoxinus czekanowskii Berg [L. S.] 1932:362 (768) [Les poissons des eaux douces de l'U.R.S.S. Part 1; ref. 278] Poznan, Baltic Sea system, Russia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Phoxinus czekanowskii Dybowski 1869, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Berg 1949:582 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Lelek 1987:220 [ref. 22962]). •Synonym of Eupallasella perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 1997:59 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

punctatus, Phoxinus laevis var. Benecke [B.] 1880:140 [Fische Preussen; ref. 22956] Swampy lake Jasien, near Gdansk, Poland [neotype locality]. Neotype: CUP 32106. Neotype designated by Kottelat 1997:59 [ref. 22952]. •Synonym of Eupallasella perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 1997:58 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas 1814). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

pyrrhogaster, Chrosomus Jordan [D. S.] 1876:284 [Manual of the vertebrates of the northern United States; ref. 2371] Orig. says small streams from Pennsylvania to Wisconsin and south; White River, vicinity of Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana, U. S. A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:138-139 [ref. 23395]. Original not seen. •Synonym of Phoxinus erythrogaster (Rafinesque 1820) -- (Gilbert 1998:138-139 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Chrosomus erythrogaster (Rafinesque 1820) based on generic placement of erythrogaster. Current status: Synonym of Chrosomus erythrogaster (Rafinesque 1820). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater.

radeki, Phoxinus Bayçelebi [E.], Aksu [İ.] & Turan [D.] 2024:103, Figs. 2-4 [Zoosystematics and Evolution v. 100 (no. 1); ref. 40795] Stream Büyükdere about 6 km west of Pınarhisar, Kırklareli Province, Türkiye, 41.6337, 27.5994. Holotype: FFR 2322. Paratypes: FFR. •Valid as Phoxinus radeki Bayçelebi, Aksu & Turan 2024. Current status: Valid as Phoxinus radeki Bayçelebi, Aksu & Turan 2024. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Ergene River drainage, Ageaen Sea watershed, Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

reiseri, Chondrostoma Steindachner [F.] 1893:152 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 30 (no. 14) (for 18 May 1893); ref. 20494] Busko Blato near Zubanjae, south of Livno, Bosnia. Holotype (unique): NMW 52554. Species illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1893:239, Pl. 3 (figs. 1-1b) [ref. 14536]. •A hybrid between Chondrostoma phoxinus x Phoxinellus alepidotus -- (Kottelat 1997:184 [ref. 22952]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

relictus, Phoxinus issykkulensis Turdakov [F. A.] & Piskarev [K. V.] 1954:74 [Trudy Institut zoologii i parazitologii, Kirgizskii filial Akademii nauk SSSR v. 2; ref. 12234] Chu River, Kochkor valley, Kyrgyzstan. Syntypes: (25). ZMMU P-5501 (10), P-5551 (3). Type catalog: Vasil'eva et al. 2001:22 [ref. 25714]. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

rivularis, Salmo Pallas [P. S.] 1773:617, 717 [Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des russischen Reiches; ref. 18509] Basin of the river Altaï, Siberia, Russia. No types known. Spelled riuularis on p. 717, rivularis once on p. 617; first reviser not researched but riuularis probably can be regarded as a spelling error. Placed in genus Cyprinus by Bonnaterre 1788:195 [ref. 4940]. •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:591 [ref. 20661], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:20 [ref. 22798], Kottelat 1997:73 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1998:68 [ref. 23589], Sideleva 2003:9 [ref. 27815]). •Questionably a synonym of Phoxinus ujmonensis Kaschenko 1899 -- (Kottelat 2006:46 [ref. 28831]). Current status: Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Habitat: freshwater.

sabanejewi, Phoxinus Warpachowski [N. A.] 1887:688 [Mélanges biologiques v. 12; ref. 13838] Lakes in eastern slopes of Ural Mts., Russia. Syntypes: ZIN 7779 (2). Also as Bull. Akad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersburg, v. 30:535. •Synonym of Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Berg 1949:575 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Eupallasella perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 1997:58 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Phoxinus perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Bogutskaya 1998:68 [ref. 23589], Sideleva 2001:51 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:9 [ref. 27815]). •Synonym of Eupallasella percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 2006:31 [ref. 28831]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

sachalinensis, Phoxinus percnurus Berg [L. S.] 1907:204 [9] [Ezhegodnik, Zoologicheskago Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk v. 11 (for 1906); ref. 15129] Arakul River, southern Sakhalin Island, Russia. Syntypes: ZIN 13879 (14). Lectotype perhaps established by use of "type" in Berg 1949:577, Fig. 336 [ref. 20661]. See Cyprinus perenurus for comment about spelling [perenurus vs. percnurus]. •Synonym of Phoxinus perenurus (Pallas 1814), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Berg 1949:577 [ref. 20661], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:278 [ref. 25598], Watanabe 1998:262 [ref. 23491], Nakabo 2000:264 [ref. 25086], Matsuura et al. 2000:104 [ref. 26000], Pietsch et al. 2001:139 [ref. 25688], Nakabo 2002:264 [ref. 26001]). •Synonym of Moroco percnurus [sic] (Pallas 1814), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:57 [ref. 6441]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) -- (Howes 1985:71 [ref. 5274]). •Synonym of Phoxinus perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Bogutskaya 1998:68 [ref. 23589], Sideleva 2001:51 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:9 [ref. 27815], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:95 [ref. 28183] as percnurus, Parin et al. 2014:89 [ref. 33547]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). •Valid as Rhynchocypris sachalinensis (Berg 1907) -- (Dyldin & Orlov 2016:665 [ref. 34853], Dyldin & Orlov 2021:67 [ref. 38158], Dyldin et al. 2023:[27] [ref. 40328] with question). Current status: Valid as Rhynchocypris sachalinensis (Berg 1907). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Distribution: East Asia: Hokkaido (Japan), Sakhalin Island (Russia). Habitat: freshwater.

saposchnikowi, Phoxinus Kaschenko [N.] 1899:146 [Results of the Altai Zoological Expedition; ref. 19630] Lake on plateau of Ukök [or Ukëk] , source of river Kalguty, tributary of River Argut, Argut River basin, Altai, Siberia, Russia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:591 [ref. 20661], Kottelat 1997:74 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1998:68 [ref. 23589], Sideleva 2001:51 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:9 [ref. 27815], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:96 [ref. 28183]). •Synonym of Phoxinus ujmonensis Kaschenko 1899 -- (Kottelat 2006:46 [ref. 28831]). Current status: Synonym of Phoxinus ujmonensis Kaschenko 1899. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Habitat: freshwater.

sarykul, Phoxinus percnurus Ruzsky [M. D.] 1926:112, pl. [Izvestija Tomskogo Gosudartsvennogo Universiteta = Berichte der Tomsker Staats-Universität = Transactions of Tomsk Staate University v. 77 (no. 2, biologisch); ref. 15820] Sarykul Lake, south of Chelyabinsk, Siberia, Russia. Syntypes: (many) Zoologiceskij Kabinet Tomsk 27i. •Synonym of Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Berg 1949:575 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Eupallasella perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 1997:58 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Eupallasella percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 2006:31 [ref. 28831]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

satunini, Phoxinus Berg [L. S.] 1910:127 [1] [Izvestija Kavkazskago Otdela Imperatorskago Russkago Geograficheskago Obshchestva = Bulletin de la Section Caucasienne de la Société Impériale Russe de Géographie, Tiflis v. 20 (no. 2) (for 1909-1910); ref. 14429] Upper Kura River, Turkey. On p. 1 of separate. •Valid as Leucalburnus satunini (Berg 1910) -- (Berg 1949:731 [ref. 20661], Coad 1995:18 [ref. 23608], Bogutskaya 1997:171 [ref. 23566], Fricke et al. 2007:41 [ref. 29533], Bogutskaya & Coad 2009:171 [ref. 30270], Çiçek et al. 2015:144 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2020:251 [ref. 37644], Kaya et al. 2020:337 [ref. 37582], Çiçek et al. 2023:399 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:233 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Leucalburnus satunini (Berg 1910). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Upper Kura River system (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

saylori, Phoxinus Skelton [C. E.] 2001:119, Fig. 1 [Copeia 2001 (no. 1); ref. 25125] Bumbee Creek, 10.0 air kilometers west-southwest of Spring City, Rhea County, Tennessee, U.S.A., 35°39'46"N, 84°58'09"W. Holotype: UMMZ 236817 [ex UT 44.7710]. Paratypes: AMNH 229529 (2); CAS 210943 (2); INHS 53769 (2); JFBM 32313 (2); NCSM 28473 (2); NLU 76157 (2); OSUM 90895 (2); SIUC 38000 [ex UT 44.7320] (2); TU 189962 (2); UAIC 12364.01 (2); UMMZ 236818 [ex UT 44.7709] (1, allotype); USNM 360019 (2); UT 44.4789 (47), 44.7293 (6), 44.7295 (7), 44.7305 (5), 44.7320 (9), 44.7710 (5). •Valid as Phoxinus saylori Skelton 2001 -- (Nelson et al. 2004:76 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:35 [ref. 28940]). •Valid as Chrosomus saylori (Skelton 2001) -- (Strange & Mayden 2009:493 [ref. 30381], Page & Burr 2011:184 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:68 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Chrosomus saylori (Skelton 2001). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: North America: Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

sedelnikowi, Phoxinus czekanowskii Berg [L. S.] 1908:226 [Ezhegodnik, Zoologicheskago Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk v. 13 (no. 2); ref. 14302] Saissan [Zaisan Lake], upper Irtysch basin, Kazakhstan. Lectotype: ZIN 14361. Paralectotypes: ZIN 14361a (6). Lectotype from ZSIP catalog, selected by Berg but publication not reserched [not designated here]. •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Mitrofanov et al. 1987:135 [ref. 37731]). •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:74 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:96 [ref. 28183] as sedelnikovi). •Synonym of Phoxinus ujmonensis Kaschenko 1899 -- (Kottelat 2006:46 [ref. 28831]). •Valid as Phoxinus sedelnikowi Berg 1908 -- (Berg 1949:585 [ref. 20661], Howes 1985:67 [ref. 5274]). Current status: Synonym of Phoxinus ujmonensis Kaschenko 1899. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Central Asia: upper Irtysh River basin, Kazakhstan [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

semotilus, Leuciscus Jordan [D. S.] & Starks [E. C.] 1905:199, Fig. 5 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 28 (no. 1391); ref. 2530] Pusan, South Korea. Holotype: USNM 51500. Paratypes: CAS-SU 8562 (14), USNM 45227 (27). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:33 [ref. 12291]. •Valid, questionably in Phoxinus -- (Howes 1985:71 [ref. 5274]). •Valid as Phoxinus semotilus (Jordan & Starks 1905) -- (Choi et al. 2003:158, 517 [ref. 26218]). •Valid as Rhynchocypris semotilus (Jordan & Starks 1905) -- (Kim 1997:265 [ref. 24032], Kim & Park 2002:174 [ref. 25913], Lee & Sim 2017:5 [ref. 35390]). Current status: Valid as Rhynchocypris semotilus (Jordan & Starks 1905). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Distribution: Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

septentrionalis, Moroco variegatus Mori [T.] 1930:44 [6] [Journal of the Chosen Natural History Society No. 11; ref. 16505] Kai-nei, Korea. Holotype: not researched. Additional specimens: (4). On p. 6 of separate. •Synonym of Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski 1869 -- (Berg 1949:583 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Phoxinus oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) -- (Howes 1985:71 [ref. 5274]). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

septentrionalis, Phoxinus Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1906:143, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 30 (no. 1445); ref. 2496] Small stream at Aomori, Japan. Holotype: USNM 53411. Paratypes: CAS-SU 9257 (9), USNM 61169 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:36 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Tribolodon hakonensis hakonensis (Günther 1877) -- (Okada 1961:468 [ref. 6363] as hakuensis). •Synonym of Pseudaspius hakonensis (Günther 1877). Current status: Synonym of Pseudaspius hakonensis (Günther 1877). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

septimaniae, Phoxinus Kottelat [M.] 2007:148, Fig. 3 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 18 (no. 2); ref. 29201] River Agly at bridge downstream of Latour-de-France, 42°46'09"N, 2°39'39"E, Dépt. Pyrénées-Orientales, France. Holotype: MNHN 2006-1701. Paratypes: CMK 13006 (5), 17565 (4), 17603 (12), 18348 (8), 18508 (2); MNHN 2006-1702 (7). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Phoxinus septimaniae Kottelat 2007 -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:229 [ref. 29996], Palandačić et al. 2017:12 [ref. 35519] as septimanae, Denys et al. 2020:216 [ref. 37846] as nomen protectum, Palandačić et al. 2022:[4] [ref. 39189]). Nomen Protectum. Current status: Valid as Phoxinus septimaniae Kottelat 2007. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Western Europe: Rhône River basin and the French coastal Mediterranean catchments, France; introduced to the Roya and Rhine River drainages and Lakes Geneva and Ceresole (Italy). Habitat: freshwater.

stagnalis, Phoxinus Warpachowski [N. A.] 1886:53, Figs. [Zapiski Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk, Sanktpetersburg v. 52 (no. 3); ref. 14465] Shumer [Schumjer] Lake, Kokshaga River basin, Chuvashia, Russia. Syntypes: ?BMNH 1886.7.3.1-2 (2), ZIN 7882-83 (6+, 6+). Also appeared in Warpachowski 1886 [ref. 21487] (earliest not established). Date may be 1887, Lectotype perhaps established by use of "type" in Berg 1949:578, Fig. 337 [ref. 20661]. •Synonym of Phoxinus percnurus [sic] (Pallas 1814), but a valid subspecies -- (Berg 1949:578 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Eupallasella perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 1997:58 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Phoxinus perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Bogutskaya 1998:68 [ref. 23589], Sideleva 2001:51 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:9 [ref. 27815], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:96 [ref. 28183] as percnurus). •Synonym of Eupallasella percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 2006:31 [ref. 28831]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

steindachneri, Phoxinus Sauvage [H.-E.] 1883:148 [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 7; ref. 3896] Lake Biwa, Japan. Syntypes: MNHN A-6498 to 6499 (7). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:64 [ref. 19574]. •Valid as Moroco steindachneri (Sauvage 1883) -- (Kuroda 1953:276 [ref. 39545], Okada 1961:489 [ref. 6363], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:57 [ref. 6441]). •Synonym of Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski 1869, but a valid subspecies -- (Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:270 [ref. 25598], Watanabe 1998:262 [ref. 23491], Bogutskaya 1998:67 [ref. 23589], Nakabo 2000:264 [ref. 25086], Matsuura et al. 2000:100 [ref. 26000], Nakabo 2002:264 [ref. 26001], Hata et al. 2019:15 [ref. 36849]). •Valid as Phoxinus steindachneri Sauvage 1883 -- (Choi et al. 2003:158, 516 [ref. 26218], Hagiwara 2003:36 [ref. 27188]). •See also Reshetnikov et al. 1997:740 [ref. 24702]. •Valid as Rhynchocypris steindachneri (Sauvage 1883) -- (Howes 1985:60 [ref. 5274], Kim 1997:260 [ref. 24032], Kim & Park 2002:168 [ref. 25913] with author as Dybowski 1869, Jang et al. 2003:119 [ref. 27681] with author as Dybowsky 1869, Kottelat 2006:88 [ref. 28831], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:664 [ref. 34853], Lee & Sim 2017:4 [ref. 35390] with author as Dybowski). Current status: Valid as Rhynchocypris steindachneri (Sauvage 1883). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Distribution: East Asia: Japan and Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

strandjae, Phoxinus phoxinus Drensky [P.] 1926:137 [Trudove na Bulgarskogo Prirodoizpitatelno Druzhestvo = Travaux de la Société Bulgare des Sciences Naturelles v. 12; ref. 15583] Strandscha [Istrandzhha] range, Bulgaria. Syntypes: NMNHS. •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:74 [ref. 22952], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:170 [ref. 28369], Kottelat 2007:156 [ref. 29201]). •Valid as Phoxinus strandjae Drensky 1926 -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:229 [ref. 29996], Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151], Palandačić et al. 2017:14 [ref. 35519] with question, Özuluğ & Saç 2019:30 [ref. 36599], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:417 [ref. 40625], Turan et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40351], Bayçelebi et al. 2024:106 [ref. 40795], Çiçek et al. 2024:268 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus strandjae Drensky 1926. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: southwest Black Sea watersheds, Bulgaria and Istanbul and Kirklareli Provinces (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

strauchi, Phoxinus Warpachowski [N. A.] 1887:687 [Mélanges biologiques v. 12; ref. 13838] Tributaries of Irtysh River, Russia and Kazakhstan. Syntypes: ZIN 7784 (1). •Synonym of Phoxinus czekanowskii Dybowski 1869 -- (Bogutskaya 1998:67 [ref. 23589]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris czekanowskii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Kottelat 2006:48 [ref. 28831]). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris czekanowskii (Dybowski 1869). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

strymonicus, Phoxinus Kottelat [M.] 2007:151, Fig. 4 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 18 (no. 2); ref. 29201] Strymon drainage, Angitis system, canals near Kalambaki, about 14 kilometers south of Drama, Macedonia, Greece. Holotype: MHNG 2680.072. Paratypes: CMK 12912 (2), 12918 (38); HCMR 1553 (10); MHNG 2680.073 (10). •Valid as Phoxinus strymonicus Kottelat 2007 -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:230 [ref. 29996], Barbieri et al. 2015:59 [ref. 35029], Palandačić et al. 2017:14 [ref. 35519] with question, Bayçelebi et al. 2024:107 [ref. 40795]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus strymonicus Kottelat 2007. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Struma River basin, Macedonia, Greece and Bulgaria. Habitat: freshwater.

sublaevis, Phoxinus Warpachowski [N. A.] 1887:689 [Mélanges biologiques v. 12; ref. 13838] Tributaries of the Lena River, Russia. Syntypes: ZIN 3167-68 (6+, 6+). •Synonym of Phoxinus czekanowskii Dybowski 1869 -- (Bogutskaya 1998:67 [ref. 23589]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris czekanowskii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Kottelat 2006:48 [ref. 28831]). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris czekanowskii (Dybowski 1869). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

suifunensis, Phoxinus czekanowskii Berg [L. S.] 1932:361 [Les poissons des eaux douces de l'U.R.S.S. Part 1; ref. 278] Suifun and Kangauz rivers at Vladyvostok; ? Tumen-ula. Original not seen, from Bogutskaya et al. 2008:333 [ref. 30085]. •Synonym of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2008:333 [ref. 30085] as oxycephala). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

suifunensis, Phoxinus percnurus Berg [L. S.] 1932:361, 768 [Les poissons des eaux douces de l'U.R.S.S. Part 1; ref. 278] Russia, Pacific Slope, Sachalin, Amur basin. No types known. •Synonym of Phoxinus czekanowskii Dybowski 1869, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Berg 1949:581 [ref. 20661]). •See also Bogutskaya 1998:67 [ref. 23589]. •Synonym of Rhynchocypris czekanowskii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Kottelat 2006:48 [ref. 28831], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:663 [ref. 34853] with question). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris czekanowskii (Dybowski 1869). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

tchangi, Phoxinus Chen [X.-Y.] 1988:35 [English p. 37], Fig. 2 [Sinozoologia v. 6; ref. 16227] Weifen River, China. Holotype: ASIZB S01012. Paratypes: ASIZB S01001-05, 01006 (dissected), 01007-11, 01013-19 (dissected). •Valid as Phoxinus tchangi Chen 1988. Current status: Valid as Phoxinus tchangi Chen 1988. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: East Asia: northern China. Habitat: freshwater.

tennesseensis, Phoxinus Starnes [W. C.] & Jenkins [R. E.] 1988:518, Fig. 1a-c [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 101 (no. 3); ref. 6686] Spring seep tributary to Reed Creek, county road 5 miles east of Tennessee highway 73, Blount County, Tennessee, U.S.A. Holotype: TU 97993. Paratypes: ANSP 134735 (12); TU 574 (osteol. coll., 4 c&s), 97994 (6), TU osteo. 575 (4, c&s); UAIC 5230.01 (6); UF 21802 (5); UMMZ 198997 (18); USNM 216212 (15), 288068 (3); UT 44.495 (14), 44.992 (7), 44.1070 (1). Type catalog: Bart & Taylor 1993:44 [ref. 20906], Gilbert 1998:155 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Phoxinus tennesseensis Starnes & Jenkins 1988 -- (Burkhead & Jenkins 1991:360 [ref. 21804], Page & Burr 1991:85 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:247 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:283 [ref. 21581], Gilbert 1998:155 [ref. 23395], Skelton 2001:123 [ref. 25125], Nelson et al. 2004:76 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:35 [ref. 28940]). •Valid as Chrosomus tennesseensis (Starnes & Jenkins 1988) -- (Strange & Mayden 2009:495 [ref. 30381], Page & Burr 2011:185 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:68 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Chrosomus tennesseensis (Starnes & Jenkins 1988). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: Eastern North America: eastern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

tschuensis, Phoxinus brachyurus Pivnev [I. A.] 1985:55 [8 pls.; ref. 8966] Chu River, Kyrgyzstan. Syntypes: (many). Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Habitat: freshwater.

tumensis, Phoxinus phoxinus Luo [Y.-L.] 1996:291, Fig. 1 [Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica v. 20 (no. 3); ref. 23189] Jilin, China. Holotype: Inst. Hydrobiol., Chinese Acad. Sci. Wuhan 790237. Paratypes: (?10, not 9) Inst. Hydrobiol. Chinese Acad. Sci. Wuhan 790239-41 (3), 790245-47 (3), 790253 (1), 773454-55 (2), 773457 (1). •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Luo in Chen et al. 1998:79 [ref. 23878], Zhang et al. 2016:54 [ref. 34477], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:662 [ref. 34853]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus tumensis Luo 1996. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: East Asia: northern China. Habitat: freshwater.

ujmonensis, Phoxinus laevis Kaschenko [N.] 1899:144 [Results of the Altai Zoological Expedition; ref. 19630] Katun River, near Uimon village, Altai, Ob River basin, Siberia, Russia. Syntypes: (4) whereabouts unknown. Lectotype established by Berg 1949:592, Fig. 349 if specimen is identifiable. Author also seen as Kashchenko. For remarks on systematics see Kottelat 2006:46 [ref. 28831]. •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Berg 1949:591 [ref. 20661], Bogutskaya 1997:175 [ref. 23566] as uimonensis, Luo in Chen et al. 1998:78 [ref. 23878]). •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:74 [ref. 22952], see Bogutskaya 1998:68 [ref. 23589], Sideleva 2001:51 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:9 [ref. 27815], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:96 [ref. 28183]). •See also (Reshetnikov et al. 1997:740 [ref. 24702], Ocock et al. 2006:43 [ref. 28933]). •Valid as Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) subspecies ujmonensis Luo 1996 -- (Zhang et al. 2016:54 [ref. 34477] as Phoxinus laevis and author as Kaschtschenko). •Valid as Phoxinus ujmonensis Kaschenko 1889 -- (Kottelat 2006:46 [ref. 28831], Kottelat 2007:157 [ref. 29201], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:662 [ref. 34853], Romanov et al. 2017:822 [ref. 35687], Dyldin et al. 2023:[37] [ref. 40328] with question). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus ujmonensis Kaschenko 1899. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Central and east Asia: Mongolia, China, Kazakhstan and Russia. Habitat: freshwater.

variabilis, Phoxinus Warpachowski [N. A.] 1887:688 [Mélanges biologiques v. 12; ref. 13838] Tributaries to Ob River, Russia. Syntypes: ZIN 7742-43 (6+, 6+). Also as Bull. Akad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersburg, v. 30:535. •Synonym of Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Berg 1949:575 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Eupallasella perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 1997:58 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Phoxinus perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Bogutskaya 1998:68 [ref. 23589], Sideleva 2001:51 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:9 [ref. 27815]). •Synonym of Eupallasella percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 2006:31 [ref. 28831]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

variegata, Rhynchocypris Günther [A.] 1889:225 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 4 (no. 21); ref. 2016] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. Syntypes: BMNH 1889.6.8.97-106 (10). •Synonym of Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski 1869 -- (Berg 1949:583 [ref. 20661], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:18 [ref. 22798], Bogutskaya 1998:67 [ref. 23589]). •Synonym of Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski 1869, but a valid subspecies -- (Yang & Hwang 1964:28 [ref. 13497]). •Synonym of Phoxinus oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) -- (Luo in Chen et al. 1998:86 [ref. 23878]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2008:332 [ref. 30085]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) -- (Howes 1985:60 [ref. 5274], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:665 [ref. 34853], Guo 2021:99 [ref. 38617] as variegatta). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.

varius, Phoxinus Perty [J. A. M.] 1832:719 [Isis (Oken) v. 25 (no. 7); ref. 18534] No types known. Unneeded new name for Cyprinus phoxinus Linnaeus 1758. •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:74 [ref. 22952], Denys et al. 2020:215 [ref. 37846]). Current status: Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Habitat: freshwater.

varius, Pisciculus Dralet [É.-F.] 1821:35 [Considérations sur l'histoire naturelle des poissons, sur la pêche et les lois qui la régissent.; ref. 17418] Luech Stream, lower Rhône drainage, Chamborigaud, France [no locality]. Neotype: MNHN 2019-0264. Based on Rondelet. Neotype designated by Denys et al. 2020:219 [ref. 37846]. •Synonym of Phoxinus septimaniae Kottelat 2007 -- (Denys et al. 2020:216 [ref. 37846] as nomen oblitum). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Phoxinus septimaniae Kottelat 2007. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater.

yamamotis, Moroco Jordan [D. S.] & Hubbs [C. L.] 1925:182 [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 10 (no. 2); ref. 2486] Lake Yamanaka on east side of Fuji-San in Koshu, Japan. Holotype: FMNH 58723 [ex CM 7829]. Paratypes: CAS-SU 23549 (1), UMMZ 142942 (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:72 [ref. 12305], Böhlke 1953:34 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:58 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Moroco steindachneri (Sauvage 1883) -- (Okada 1961:489 [ref. 6363]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris steindachneri (Sauvage 1883) -- (Howes 1985:60 [ref. 5274]). •Synonym of Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski 1869, but a valid subspecies -- (Nakabo 2000:264 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:264 [ref. 26001]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Dybowski 1869). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) -- (Dyldin & Orlov 2016:665 [ref. 34853] with question). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Dybowski 1869). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater.